Akh Ymi DD Si00x D Ce Rep 1001 0

ERC
AWASH – KOMBOLCHA – HARA GEBAYA

RAILWAY PROJECT
Employer’s Representative:
TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT
Report No
AKH - YM I - DD - S I 0 0 X - D - C E - R E P - 1 0 0 1 - 0
Project Organization Stage Location Category Discipline Type of Number Vers.
Document
07.08.2015
ERC AKH Railway Project
Project:
AWASH – KOMBOLCHA – HARA GEBAYA

RAILWAY PROJECT, ETHIOPIA
Employer:
ETHIOPIAN RAILWAYS CORPORATION (ERC)
Employer’s Representative:
Contractor:
www.ym.com.tr
Designer:
Report Name:
TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT
Report No:
AKH - YM I - DD - S I 0 0 X - D - CE - RE P - 1 0 0 1 - 0
Project Organization Stage Location Category Discipline Type of Number Vers.
Document
Date: 07.08.2015

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT AKH – YMI – DD – SI00X – D – CE – REP – 1001 – 0 07.08.2015
This report must not be either loaned, copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part or used for any Page: 2 /
purpose without the prior written permission of Yapı Merkezi. © Yapi Merkezi Insaat ve Sanayi A.Ş.,2015 115
VERSION HISTORY
Version Details Date Amended By
0 First Issue 07.08.2015 YM Design Group
PREPARED BY
Edited by A. Karasu YM Structural Engineer
Checked by B. Zeybek YM Structural Engineer
YM Senior Structural
Checked by E. Günal
Design Engineer
YM General Structural
Approved by Ö. Güzel
Design Manager
Approved by Z. Uygun YM Deputy GM, Design
Approved by A. Kılıç YM Project Manager
APPROVAL
APPROVED APPROVED AS NOTED REJECTED
APPROVED BY
Name Title Signature & Stamp

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 5
2 STANDARDS .................................................................................................................................. 7
3 LOAD ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 7
4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 CONCRETE............................................................................................................................. 8
4.2 REINFORCING STEEL ........................................................................................................... 9
4.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL .......................................................................................................... 10
5 SEISMIC PARAMETERS.............................................................................................................. 10
6 SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................... 11
7 WIND LOADS ............................................................................................................................... 11
8 LOAD COMBINATIONS ACCORDING TO EUROCODE ............................................................ 13
9 SECTION PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ............................................................... 15
10 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS and DESIGN ................................................................................ 18
10.1 SPECIFICATIONS USED FOR STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN .......................................... 18

10.2 DRIFT CHECK....................................................................................................................... 18
10.3 STEEL CONNECTION DETAILS .......................................................................................... 26
10.4 ROOF SLAB CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................. 59
10.5 RAFT FOUNDATION CALCULATIONS ................................................................................ 63
11 DETAILS of STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS and DESIGN ........................................................... 76
11.1 MODAL ANALYSIS RESULTS.............................................................................................. 76

11.2 LOADS................................................................................................................................... 78
11.3 FRAME FORCES (M,V,N)..................................................................................................... 89
11.4 DEMAND - CAPACITY RATIOS OF ELEMENTS ................................................................. 98
11.5 DESIGN SUMMARY TABLES............................................................................................. 105
11.6 JOINT NUMBER DATA ....................................................................................................... 114
11.7 FRAME NUMBER DATA ..................................................................................................... 115

1 INTRODUCTION
The design will comply with the Eurocode standards. According to these standards, the structural design
will be developed following the Limit States principles, which define that the safety of a structure as a
whole, or any of its parts, is assured when the structural solicitation doesn’t exceed the ultimate
structural resistance of the element. This definition can be expressed by the following equation:
Where represents the structural forces obtained by the design and is the ultimate structural
resistance of the element.
The Ultimate Limit States are related with the safety of either persons or the structure itself. The forces
are obtained by increasing the characteristic value of the loads by means of partial safety coefficients.
The resistance of the elements is evaluated through their geometrical characteristics and material
properties reduced by the material partial safety factors.
During some of the stages of the design, computer programs such as SAP2000 will be used. The results
from the structural models will be justified by presenting graphics and/or tables with the most significant
values. Additionally, in some cases, hand calculations can be used to verify these structural models.
Horizontally braced system (M24/S460 Tension Rod) is used at roof plane and the bracings are only
working under tension loads by using tension only elements (compression limits=0) with nonlinear
analysis of SAP 2000. Also interstorey drifts, design forces are obtained from these nonlinear models.
Refer to “Station Buildings Design Manual” for further information about design principles.
Figure 1.1: Intermediate Stations 3d Analysis Model

Figure 1.2: Intermediate Stations Foundation Formwork Plan

2 STANDARDS
The buildings structural design will be carried out according to the following standards:
 EN 1990:2002 - Eurocode - Basis of structural design
 EN 1991-1-1:2002 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities,

self-weight, imposed loads for buildings
 EN 1991-1-4:2005 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind

actions
 EN 1991-1-5:2003 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal

actions
 EN 1992-1-1:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and
rules for buildings
 EN 1993-1-1:2005 - Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules
for buildings
 EN 1993-1-8:2005 - Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-8: Design of joints
 EN 1997-1:2004 - Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design - Part 1: General rules
 EN 1998-1:2004 - Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 1:

General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings
 EN 1998-1:2004 - Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 5:

Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects
 ESCP-1:1983 Ethiopian Standart Code of Practice for Loading – Wind actions
 EBCS-1:1995 EthiopianBuilding Standart- Basis of Design and Actions on Structures
3 LOAD ANALYSIS
Dead Loads of structural members (G1) are considered by analysis program (Sap2000) automatically.
Dead loads (Roof Level) - G2

Concrete 8 cm 0,08X25 = 2 kN/m2
Gravel 6 cm 0,06X20 = 1,2 kN/m2
Isolation (rock wool =0,08x3kN/m3+Plaster(0,16kN/m2) = 0,40 kN/m2
False ceiling (0,2 kN/m2)+mechanical pipes(0,2 kN/m2) = 0,40 kN/m2
Total dead load = 4 kN/m2
Live loads (Roof Level) - Q

Live loads = 0,60 kN/m2
Mechanical live loads = 0,40 kN/m2
Total = 1 kN/m2

Thermal effects - T
Uniform temperature effects are calculated for ±25 ˚C temperature differences.
Wall weights (Hollow Concrete Block)

Hollow concrete block wall self weight = 14,4 kN/m3(including mortar between blocks)
20cm wide wall weight with plaster (both sides) = 4 kN/m2
0,2 14,4 2 0,028 20 4
35cm wide wall weight with plaster (both sides) = 6,2 kN/m2
0,35 14,4 2 0,028 20 6,2
 Internal walls: 200 m2 x 4 =800 KN (the half weight of walls are taken into account at the top
of columns for seismic actions by being on the safe side)
 External wall weight 40 m2 x 6,2 =248 KN
 Total wall weight ≈ 1048 kN
Cladding
aluminium cladding;
2,15 0,5 / 1,00 /
4 MATERIALS
4.1 CONCRETE
The principles and criteria for concrete will be according to chapter 3.1. EN 1992-1-1. The properties of
each concrete class are presented in the below table (Table 3.1 EN 1992-1-1):

Figure 4.1: Material properties
The values of the design compressive and tensile strengths are defined as:
, .
Where is the partial safety factor for concrete. The recommended values are the following:
 1.50 for persistent and transient situations
The concrete dilatation coefficient is 10 .
4.2 REINFORCING STEEL

The steel to be used in the reinforcing bars of concrete elements will follow the specifications of chapter
3.2. and annex C of EN 1992-1-1 and also chapter 5.2.1 of EN 1998-2.
The steel class will be B500B for all elements. The yield strength of the reinforcing steel:
500
The recommended values for the partial safety factor of reinforcing steel are the following:
 1.15 for persistent and transient situations

4.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL
The structural steel shall comply with chapters 3.2 and 3.3 of EN 1993-1-1.
The structural steel will be of the following classes:
 Structural steel in plates:
40 S235J0 fy=235 Mpa
40 S235J0 fy=215 Mpa
 For bracings
40 S460N fy=460 Mpa
The structural steel dilatation coefficient for steel structures is 1.2 10 , and for composite
concrete-steel structures is 10 according to EN 1993-1-1 chapter 3.2.6.
5 SEISMIC PARAMETERS
Refer to “Basic Design Report No: AWR-YM-X-BTR-GNRL-001-00, Section 3.6 Seismicity, pages 12-
14” for the Seicmicity. Ground type C is selected according to site conditions (compacted fill under
control). Type I elastic response spectra is sellected according to Eurocode8 Table 3.2 (MS>5,5).
Ground Type S TB(S) TC(S) TD(S)

C 1,15 0,20 0,6 2,0
,
: (EUROCODE 8 3.14 )
0,20 0,20 9,81 1,962
1,15
structural type is selected inverted pendulum and ductility class is selected DCM according to Table 6.2:
Upper limit of reference values of behaviour factors for systems regular in elevation, behaviour factor q
is selected 2.
,
: (EUROCODE 8 3.15 )
The vibration period of direction Y: T(y)=0,52 sec

,
1,962 1,15 2,82 design spectrum at direction Y
The vibration period of direction Y: T(x)=1,13 sec

, ,
1,962 1,15 1 1,50 design spectrum at direction X
,
combination coefficient for variable action is taken 2 0,3. (EN 1990:2002Table A1.1)

6 SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATIONS
Effective seismic weight is calculated.
395 1373 1048 315
395 2421 0,3 315 2912
Importance class is taken III and importance factor is taken 1,2 at projects (EUROCODE 8 Table 4.3)
Base shear force is calculated;
1 (EUROCODE 8 4.5 )
1,50 1 1,2 535 kN

,
2,82 1 1,2 1008 kN

,
Seismic forces (entrance shelter)
1,50 1 1,2 9,1 kN

,
2,12 1 1,2 17,2 kN

,
9,1 535 545 kN
17,2 1008 1025 kN
In order to account for uncertainties in the location of masses and in the spatial variation of the seismic
motion, the calculated center of mass at each floor “i “ shall be considered as being displaced from its
nominal location in each direction by an accidental eccentricity:
= ±0,05.Li
Where
is the accidental eccentricity of story mass “i “ from its nominal location, applied
in the same direction at all floors;
is the floor-dimension perpendicular to the direction of the seismic action.
7 WIND LOADS
Wind forces will be calculated according to Section 6 of Ethiopian Standard Code of Practice for Loading
(ESCP1:1983). The wind loads are calculated for moderate climate condition with a total height of
buildings not greater than 18m.
Until 15 meters wind pressure can be taken 0,61 kN/m2 (ESCP1:1983, Ethiopian Standard). This value
is also in parallel with the Chapter 3 Wind Actions of EBCS-1:1995 Code which gives similar wind
pressure values.
Wg =c.q.A

Wg : Wind load acting along the buildings
A : Area of the surface which wind load is acting,
c : Coefficient for taking into account the location of the surface
According to EN 1991-1-4:2005 Section 7.2 the coefficients for “c” is presented below:
0,8
0,8 0,5
Wind
0,8 Plan of building, “c” coefficients
0,7
Wind
0,8 0,5 Elevation of building, “c” coefficients
Figure 7.1: Wind loads Pressure Coefficients
WX3meter wind pressure=0,8×0,61×3=1,464 kN/m
WX6meter wind pressure =0,8×0,61×6=2,928 kN/m
WXy3meter wind pressure =0,8×0,61×3=1,464 kN/m
WXzdouble area wind pressure =0,7×0,61×1,16=0,64 kN/m
WXzsingle area wind pressure =0,7×0,61×0,75=0,32 kN/m
As calculated shown wind loads are acted to the structure.
Note: For wind calculation according to EBCS-1 : 1995 see next page.

8 LOAD COMBINATIONS ACCORDING TO EUROCODE
For each critical load case, the design values of the effects of actions (Ed) shall be determined by
combining the values of actions that are considered to occur simultaneously.
Each combination of actions should include: a leading variable action, or-an accidental action.
The combinations of actions should be in accordance with EN 1990 articles 6.4.3.2 to 6.4.3.4 .
The ULS and seismic combinations considered are included below:
UDSTL 1 1,35 G1+1,35G2
UDSTL 2 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,5Q
UDSTL 3 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,5Q+0,9WX
UDSTL 4 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,5Q-0,9WX
UDSTL 5 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,5Q+0,9WY
UDSTL 6 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,5Q-0,9WY
UDSTL 7 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,05Q+1,5WX
UDSTL 8 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,05Q-1,5WX
UDSTL 9 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,05Q+1,5WY
UDSTL 10 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,05Q-1,5WY
UDSTL 11 1 G1+1 G2+1,5 WX
UDSTL 12 1 G1+1 G2-1,5 WX
UDSTL 13 1 G1+1 G2+1,5 WY
UDSTL 14 1 G1+1 G2-1,5 WY
UDSTL 15 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q+EX+0,3EY+EXP
UDSTL 16 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q-EX-0,3EY-EXP
UDSTL 17 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q+EY+0,3EX+EYP
UDSTL 18 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q-EY-0,3EX-EYP
UDSTL 19 1 G1+1 G2+EX+EXP+0,3 EY
UDSTL 20 1 G1+1 G2-EX-EXP-0,3 EY
UDSTL 21 1 G1+1 G2+EY+EYP+0,3 EX
UDSTL 22 1 G1+1 G2-EY-EYP-0,3 EX
UDSTL 23 1 G1+1 G2
UDSTL 24 1 G1+1 G2+Q
TCOMB1 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,50Q+0,9T(+)
TCOMB2 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,50Q+0,9T(-)
TCOMB3 1,35 G1+1,35G2+0,9Q+1,50T(+)
TCOMB4 1,35 G1+1,35G2+0,9Q+1,50T(-)
TCOMB5 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,50T(+)
TCOMB6 1,35 G1+1,35G2+1,50T(-)
TCOMB7 1,35 G1+1,35G2+0,9Q+0,9T(+)
TCOMB8 1,35 G1+1,35G2+0,9Q+0,9T(-)

For connections seismic loads are increased by multiplying q=2;
Connection combo 1 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q+2EX+0,6EY+2EXP
Connection combo 2 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q-2EX-0,6EY-2EXP
Connection combo 3 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q+2EY+0,6EX+2EYP
Connection combo 4 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q-2EY-0,6EX-2EYP
Connection combo 5 1 G1+1 G2+2EX+2EXP+0,6 EY
Connection combo 6 1 G1+1 G2-2EX-2EXP-0,6 EY
Connection combo 7 1 G1+1 G2+2EY+2EYP+0,6 EX
Connection combo 8 1 G1+1 G2-2EY-2EYP-0,6 EX
For foundation design the seismic forces are increased by taking Ω=1 and rd=1,4;
Foundation combo 1 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q+1,4EX+0,42EY+1,4EXP
Foundation combo 2 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q-1,4EX-0,42EY-1,4EXP
Foundation combo 3 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q+1,4EY+0,42EX+1,4EYP
Foundation combo 4 1 G1+1 G2+0,3Q-1,4EY-0,42EX-1,4EYP
Foundation combo 5 1 G1+1 G2+1,4EX+1,4EXP+0,42 EY
Foundation combo 6 1 G1+1 G2-1,4EX-1,4EXP-0,42 EY
Foundation combo 7 1 G1+1 G2+1,4EY+1,4EYP+0,42 EX
Foundation combo 8 1 G1+1 G2-1,4EY-1,4EYP-0,42 EX
For calculation of Bond Beams and Columns, defined load combinations are;
Combo 1 1,35 D
Combo 2 1,35D+1,50W
Combo 3 1D+1E
where:
G1 = Structural dead load
G2 = İmposed dead load
Q = live loads
EX,EY = earthquake loads
EXP,EYP = earthquake loads (Torsion loads eccentricity ±%5)
WX,WY = Wind loads
0, 1, 2 = Loads combination coefficients
T = Temperature loads

9 SECTION PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Section properties of HE 360 column is shown below,
Figure 9.1: HE 360B section properties
Section properties of 250/250/10 box column is shown below,
Figure 9.2: 250/250/10 box column section properties

Section properties of HE500B beam is shown below,
Figure 9.3: Circular column section properties
Section properties of IPE 270 beam is shown below,
Figure 9.4: IPE 270 beam section properties

All of the section properties of sections are listed below,
TABLE: Frame Section

Properties 01 - General
SectionName Shape t3 t2 tf tw t2b tfb dis Area I33 I22
Text Text m m m m m m m m2 m4 m4
I/Wide
HE500B 0,5 0,3 0,028 0,0145 0,3 0,028 0,0239 0,001072 0,000126
Flange
0,25
250/250/10 Box/Tube 0,2500 0,0100 0,0100 0,0096 0,0001 0,0001
00
Double 0,09
2L90/14/9 0,3000 0,0090 0,0090 0,14 0,0029 0,0000 0,0000
Angle 00
0,21
D219,1 t=10mm Pipe 0,0100 0,0066 0,0000 0,0000
91
0,06
D=60,3 t=3mm Pipe 0,0030 0,0005 0,0000 0,0000
03
I/Wide
HE360B 0,36 0,3 0,0225 0,0125 0,3 0,0225 0,0181 0,000432 0,000101
Flange
I/Wide 0,37
HD400 /216 0,3940 0,0277 0,0173 0,3940 0,0277 0,0274 0,0007 0,0003
Flange 50
I/Wide 0,36
HD400/187 0,3910 0,0240 0,0150 0,3680 0,0240 0,0230 0,0006 0,0002
Flange 80
I/Wide 0,38
HD400/237 0,395 0,0305 0,0185 0,395 0,0305 0,0302 0,000797 0,000314
Flange 1
I/Wide 0,27
IPE270 0,1350 0,0102 0,0066 0,1350 0,0102 0,0046 0,0001 0,0000
Flange 00
I/Wide 0,33 0,1600 0,0115 0,0075 0,1600 0,0115 0,0062
IPE330 0,000118 0,000008
Flange 0000 00 00 00 00 00 60
I/Wide 0,30 0,1500 0,0107 0,0071 0,1500 0,0107 0,0053
IPE300 0,000084 0,000006
Flange 0000 00 00 00 00 00 80
M24 TENSION 0,02
Circle 0,0005 0,0000 0,0000
ROD S460 40
Table 9.1: Selected section properties

10 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS and DESIGN
Structural Analysis and Design of all elements are done according to ultimate stress design method
represented in Eurocodes (EN 1998.1.2004 is considered for seismic design) by using SAP2000. The
steel sections which are used in the structural analysis and design are presented in Section 9. The
analysis model, actions over the structure, frame demand capacity ratios and detailed checks are
presented in Section 11.
10.1 SPECIFICATIONS USED FOR STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN

Structural steel design and detailing are in accordance with the Eurocode Structural Requirements for
Steel Structures (Eurocode 3) which provides minimum requirements for design and construction of
Steel Structures. All the standards which are considered during the analysis and design are presented
in Section 2.
10.2 DRIFT CHECK

For buildings having non-structural elements:
0,0075
Where;
dr is the interstory drift
h is the story height
is the reduction factor which takes into account the lower return period of the seismic action associated
with the damage limitation requirement.
Under seismic load EY, deformed shapes are shown as belows;
Max displacement =18,7 mm
1-1 axes deformed shape (EY)


Max displacement =38.1 mm

Table: Check of story drifts
Column Check
Hi, (mm) ∆i,max(mm) dr /h Limit value
Axes Control
1-1 4480 18,7 0,0033 0,0075 OK
2-2 6215 43,5 0,0055 0,0075 OK
3-3 6215 38,1 0,0049 0,0075 OK
4-4 6215 38,1 0,0049 0,0075 OK
5-5 6215 43,5 0,0055 0,0075 OK
6-6 4480 18,7 0,0033 0,0075 OK
Max displacement =37 mm
A-A axes deformed shape (EX)
B-B axes deformed shape (EX)

C-C axes deformed shape (EX)
D-D axes deformed shape (EX)
Table: Check of story drifts
Check
Column Axes Hi, (mm) ∆i,max(mm) dr /h Limit value
Control
A-A 6215 37 0,0047 0,0075 OK
B-B 6215 36,5 0,0047 0,0075 OK
C-C 6215 26,9 0,0035 0,0075 OK
D-D 6215 28,4 0,0037 0,0075 OK
All the columns are satisfied the story drift check according to Eurocode 8.

1-1 axes deformed shape (G+Q)


A-A axes deformed shape (G+Q)
B-B axes deformed shape (G+Q)
Table: Check of beam deflections
Limit
Beam Axes Li, (mm) i,max(mm) L/ Check Control
value
1-1 6000 16 375 250 OK
2-2 6000 15,5 387,1 250 OK
3-3 12000 32,3 371,5 250 OK
4-4 12000 32,3 371,5 250 OK
5-5 6000 15,5 387,1 250 OK
6-6 6000 16 375 250 OK
Table: Check of beam deflections
Beam Axes Li, (mm) i,max(mm) L/ Limit value Check Control

A-A 12000 44,9 267,3 250 OK
B-B 12000 47,4 253,2 250 OK
10.3 STEEL CONNECTION DETAILS
Figure 10.1:Intermediate Station plan view (+4.58)

Figure 10.2: Intermediate Station plan view (+6.39)

For B/34-B/79 Beam-Beam connections;
internediate Stations Joınt Connection Details
Bolt diameter 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30
As(mm2) 36 58 84 115 157 192 245 303 353 459 561
As is the tensile stress area of bolt

Bolted Joints-Tension Resistance , * fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt
EN 1993-1-8:2005 Table 3.4 γM2 1,25
k2 0,9
Bolted Joints-Shear Resistance , * As is the tensile stress area of bolt

EN 1993-1-8:2005 Table 3.4 fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt
γM2 1,25
Bolt Class 5,8 6,8 8,8 10,9 bolts 5,8 6,8 8,8 10,9
fub N/mm2 500 600 800 1000 αv 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,5
k1 2,5
Bearing Resistance For Plate , * αb 1
EN 1993-1-8:2005 Table 3.4 fu(N/mm2) s235 360
d diameter
t min(tw profil,tplate)
level 1
joint number 38
IPE330-IPE 270 connection
c
Forces kN
Ned 0
Vedz 36,98 ab
Vedy 0,36 IPE 270
s235
t plate (mm) 10 tw IPE270 ( mm) 6,6
a mm (mm) 10 tmin ( mm) 6,6 IPE 330
b mm (mm) 40 a weld ( mm) 5
c mm (mm) 120
Bolt properties
numbers 2 For bolted shear connections, the design
diameter 12 shear resistance of the bolts should be
As 84 higher than 1,2 times the design bearing EN 1998-1 :2004 6.5.5 (5)
class 10,9 resistance.
Resultant Force per Bolt
fx (kN) 0 fnet 24,06859 Fvrd kN 33,6 safe
fy (kN) 18,49 fnet*1,2 28,8823 Fbrd kN 57,024 safe
∆fx 15,4083
n (numb.of bolts) 2
dh(mm) 13
d(mm) 150
fy steel(Mpa) 235
fu steel (Mpa) 360
x1top 40
x2bottom 40
h 200

Block Tearing Conditions
Nmaks 0
Vmaks 36,98
case 1-1
Med(kNm) 5,547 γmo 1,1
Wp(mm3) 66000 γm2 1,25
Mpl (kNm) 14,1
case 1-1 safe
case1-2
Ver 162,813 γmo 1,1
case1-2 safe
case 2
l1 33,5 Ant 221,1
l2 140,5 Anv 927,3
Veff, Rd 178,053
case 2 safe
case 3
l3 107
Ant 706,2
Anv 442,2
Veff, Rd 257,928
case 3 safe
Note:
/
/
∆ /
∆
n number of bolts
For weld connections,weld checks are ignored. And welds are used both
sides of plate thickness of 5 mm.

For B/35-PL/39 Beam and Column connections(1);
Figure 10.3 : B/35-PL/39 Beam and Column connections (+4.58 level)
r=√35 65 73,8 mm
N=210,79 kN
V=59,94 kN
Design forces for a bolt,
Fx1=210,79/4=52,70 kN,
Fy1=59,94/4=14,99 kN,
M=59,94x11,5=689,31 kNcm
FMX=689,31/(4X7,382)X6,5=20,57 kN
FMY=689,31/(4X7,382)X3,5=11,07 kN
∑Fx = 52,70+20,57=73,27 kN
∑Fy = 14,99+11,07=26,06 kN
F= 73,27 26,06 77,77 Kn
1,2F=1,2x77,77=93,32 kN
k1=1,4x70/21-1,7=2,97→ k1=2,5
=70/(3x21)-1/4=0,86→ =0,86
, , , ,
FbRd= 92,88 kN 1,2F=93,32 kN (overloads 0,44/92,88=%0,47)
,
,
FvRd =0,5 100 98kN>93,32 kN =0,5, =1,25 10 / (10.9 class)
,

For B/9-PL/39 Beam and Column connections(2);
İntermediate Stations Joınt Connection Details
Bolt diameter 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30
As(mm2) 36 58 84 115 157 192 245 303 353 459 561
As is the tensile stress area of bolt

Bolted Joints-Tension Resistance , * fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt
EN 1993-1-8:2005 Table 3.4 γM2 1,25
k2 0,9
Bolted Joints-Shear Resistance , * As is the tensile stress area of bolt

EN 1993-1-8:2005 Table 3.4 fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt
γM2 1,25
Bolt Class 5,8 6,8 8,8 10,9 bolts 5,8 6,8 8,8 10,9
fub N/mm2 500 600 800 1000 αv 0,5 0,5 0,6 0,5
k1 2,5
Bearing Resistance For Plate , * αb 1
EN 1993-1-8:2005 Table 3.4 fu(N/mm2) s235 360
d diameter
t min(tw profil,tplate)
level 2
joint number 80
HD400/216-IPE 270 connection
Forces kN
Ned 113,8
Vedz 11,8
Vedy 0 a
s235 b
tw IPE 270 6,6 t angle 8 c
a (mm) 0 tmin 6,6 IPE 300
b (mm) 40
c (mm) 120
Bolt properties (s) Bolt properties (d)

numbers 4 numbers 4 For bolted shear connections, the design
diameter 12 diameter 16 shear resistance of the bolts should be EN 1998-1 :2004 6.5.5 (5)
As 84 As 157 higher than 1,2 times the design bearing
class 10,9 class 10,9 resistance.
Resultant Force per Bolt
Bolts in single shear
fx (kN) 28,45 fnet 2,95 Fvrd kN 33,6 safe
fy1 (kN) 2,95 fnet*1,2 3,54 Ftrd kN 60,48 safe
fy2 (kN) 0
Bolts in double shear

fx1 (kN) 28,45 fnet 30,55939 Fvrd kN 62,8 safe
fx2 (kN) 1,966667 fnet*1,2 36,67126 Fbrd kN 76,032 safe
fy1 (kN) 2,95 fnet*1,2*2 73,34253

n (numb.of bolts) 2
dh(mm) 13 γmo 1,1
d(mm) 150 γm2 1,25
fy steel(Mpa) 235
fu steel (Mpa) 360
x1top 40
x2bottom 40
h 200
Block Tearing Conditions

Nmaks 113,8
Vmaks 11,8
case 2
l1 33,5 Ant 268
l2 140,5 Anv 1124
Veff, Rd 215,8215
case 2 safe
case 3
l3 107
Ant 706,2
Anv 442,2
Veff, Rd 257,9279
case 3 safe
Bolts of Angle-HE300B connection Bolts of Angle-IPE360 connection
Note: / /
/ *(a+b)/c/2
/ /
)
n number of bolts
For weld connections,weld checks are ignored. And welds are used
both sides of plate thickness of 5 mm.

Calculation base plate of Intermediate Station HE360B column
Design seismic forces (q=1) for the column joint number 5 are presented at the table
Ned (kN)(Max) Med-yy (kNm) Med-zz (kNm)

79,76 751,288 199,35
Capacity 511,24 220,47
Because of the capacity values are smaller then the forces (seismic combinations q=1); capacity design
will be used.
Enhanced capacity values;
Med-yy (kNm)=1,1x1,25x511,24=703 kNm
Med-zz (kNm)=1,1x1,25x220,47= 303,15 kNm
z
751,29 kNm
199,35 kNm
79,76 kN
90 260 262,5 87,5
522,5
Figure 10.4: design forces for calculation of base plate of HD400/216 column
For y-y direction; max tensile force Tmax is equal to;
, , ,
Tmax= =1308,7 kN,
,
T1bolt=1308,7/4=327,18 kN
Also max compressive force is equal to;
Dmax=1308,7 kN + 79,76 kN=1388,46 kN

For z-z direction; max tensile force Tmax is equal to;
, , , ,
Tmax= =543,44 kN,
,
Selected bolts for y-y direction; 4M30 (M10.9 class) (FtRD=403,9kN)
Selected bolts for z-z direction; 2M30+2M20(FtRD=176,4kN)
k2=0,9, =1,25 10 / (10.9 class)
M y-y maximum compressive stress;
17
15,5
,
1,13 /
K=1,13x15,5x17=297,75 kN
15,5/17 1 1, k=4,25
M=297,75/4,25=70,05 kNcm/cm
17
30
K=1,13x30x17=576,3 kN
17/30 0,6 0,66, k=7,75
M=576,3/7,75=74,36 kNcm/cm
Wrequired=74360/(23500/1.1)=3,48=t2/4 t=3,73 cm tselected=4 cm.
It is not need to calculate the plate thickness for z-z direction.
Length of Vertical Plate
Force per vertical weld;
, , ,
520,74
/√ /√
,
. 189 / fv,wd is the design shear strength of the weld.
, ,
, 189 10 1890 / fw,Rd is the design resistance per unit length.

Lver.plate=520740/1890=279 mm (leg length of the fillet weld s=√2a=15 mm) Lstiffener=279+2x15=309,2
mm 350mm
Mver.plate=1,13x70x70/4x(17-70/8)x1/2=5710,03 kNcm
Wrequired=5710,03/(23,5x1,1)=1,5h2/4 h=26,70 cm Lselected =35 cm
Base plate details are shown figure below;
100 100
350
100
100
40
40
700
M30 10.9
M20 10.9
700
HE360B
90
90
15
Plates
15 mm
90
90 120 90
90 15
Weld thickness: a=10 mm

Web weld thickness: a=9 mm
Bolts: 4M20 8M30 10.9
Plates: t=15 mm
Base Plate: 700.700.40
Figure 10.5: details of base plate for HE360B column
Intermediate Station HE360B column shear key detail
According to analysis results ;
Vxmax=45,38 kN, Vymax =172,92 kN according to results HE 160B profile will be used
which is used for HD400/216 at terminal station.
Vx,max=131,63 kN, Vy=55,89 kN

Vy=41,73 kN, Vymax=174,16 kN
Selected system;
Figure 10.6: details of shear key for HD400/216 column
Resistance of shear key;
VRd= 123,3 /
√ , √
C25 Fcd=250/1,5=167 kg/cm2
S235 Fu=360 N/mm2, Fy=235 N/mm2
/√
fv,wd= (design shear strength of the weld.)
selected section properties:
HE 160B
Wpx=354,0 cm3 Wpy=170,0 cm3
1. Mxmax=131,63x(4+15/3)=1184,67 kNcm My=503,01 kNcm

2. Mx=41,73x(4+15/3)= 375,57kNcm Mymax=174,16x(4+15/3)=1567,44 kNcm
, ,
1. 0,838<2,35/1.1=2,13 t/cm2
,
, ,
2. 0,66<2,35/1.1=2,13 t/cm2
,
Compression zones
HE 160B tw=8 mm, tf=13 mm Avz=17,59 cm2

,
, 10,96 / 16,7 /
,
, 7,25 / 16,7 /
,
31,64 / 123,3 /
,
99,01 / 123,3 /
Ix,weld=30458277,83 mm4
Iy,weld=12199021,5 mm4
, ,
90,90 / 189 /
, ,
, ,
65,79 / 189 /
, ,
Shear Check for Weld
For x direction: Vx=131,63 kN

,
26,02 / 207,8 /
,
For y direction: Vx=174,16 kN

,
174,16 / 207,8 /
Also for both directions;

,
26,02 / 55,89 / 61,65 /
,
8,25 174,16 174,35 /
,
Combined shear and tension;
3 90,90 3 61,65 140,23 / 360 /
3 65,79 3 174,35 309,066 / 360 /
Calculation base plate of Intermediate Station HD 400/216 column
Design seismic forces (q=1) for the column joint number 16 are presented at the table
Ned (kN)(Max/Min) Med-yy (kNm) Med-zz (kNm)

149,8/95,54 1242,8 329,06
Capacity 768,4 464,4
Because of the capacity values are smaller then the forces (seismic combinations q=1); capacity design
will be used.
Med-yy (kNm)=1,1x1,25x768,40=1056,55 kNm
Med-zz (kNm)=1,1x1,25x464,40=638,55 kNm

z
1056,55 kNm
638,60 kNm
164,9 kN
90 360 337,5 112,5
697,5
, , , ,
Tmax= =1455 kN,
,
T1bolt=1455/4=363,75 kN
Dmax=1442 kN + 164,9 kN=1606,9 kN
, , , ,
Tmax= =856,2 kN,
,
Selected bolts for z-z direction; 2M30+2M20(FtRD=176,4kN)
k2=0,9, =1,25 10 / (10.9 class)

22.5
25.3
,
0,793 /
K=0,793x25,3x22,5=451,4 kN
25,3/22,5 1 1, k=4,25
M=451,4/4,25=106,21 kNcm/cm
22.5
39,4
K=0,793x39,4x22,5=703 kN
22,5/39,4 0,6 0,66, k=7,75
M=703/7,75=90,70 kNcm/cm
Wrequired=106210,0/(21500/1.1)=5,43=t2/4 t=4,66 cm tselected=5 cm.

,
, , ,
781,15
/√ /√
,
, ,
, 189 20 0,7 2646 / fw,Rd is the design resistance per unit length.
Lver.plate=781150/2646=295 mm (leg length of the fillet weld s=√2a=20 mm) Lstiffener=295+2x20=335 mm

350mm
Mver.plate=0,793x90x90/4x(26,3-90/8)x1/2=10283 kNcm
Wrequired=12083/(23,5x1,1)=2h2/4 h=33,63cm Lselected =35 cmst

100 100
250
100
100
50
40
900
394 253
90
90
148
M30 10.9
262,5
172,50
243 mm
90
M20 10.9
900
375
HD 400 216
20 mm
plate thickness 20
mm
90
90
148
148
97 200 97 90
weld thickness: a=14 mm

web weld thickness=12 mm
bolts: 4M20 10.9
8M30 10.9
plates: t=20 mm
plate under column: 900.900.50
Figure 10.8: details of base plate for HD400/216 column
Intermediate Station HD 400/216 column shear key detail (similar to Terminal Station detail)
Vx,max=131,63 kN, Vy=55,89 kN
Vy=41,73 kN, Vymax=174,16 kN
Selected system;

Figure 10.9: details of shear key for HD400/216 column
VRd= 123,3 /
√ , √
C25 Fcd=250/1,5=167 kg/cm2
S235 Fu=360 N/mm2, Fy=235 N/mm2
/√
HE 160B
Wpx=354,0 cm3 Wpy=170,0 cm3
3. Mxmax=131,63x(4+15/3)=1184,67 kNcm My=503,01 kNcm

4. Mx=41,73x(4+15/3)= 375,57kNcm Mymax=174,16x(4+15/3)=1567,44 kNcm
, ,
3. 0,838<2,35/1.1=2,13 t/cm2
,
, ,
4. 0,66<2,35/1.1=2,13 t/cm2
,
Compression zones
HE 160B tw=8 mm, tf=13 mm Avz=17,59 cm2

,
, 10,96 / 16,7 /
,
, 7,25 / 16,7 /
,
31,64 / 123,3 /
,
99,01 / 123,3 /
Ix,weld=30458277,83 mm4
Iy,weld=12199021,5 mm4
, ,
90,90 / 189 /
, ,
, ,
65,79 / 189 /
, ,

,
26,02 / 207,8 /
,
For y direction: Vx=174,16 kN

,
174,16 / 207,8 /

,
26,02 / 55,89 / 61,65 /
,
8,25 174,16 174,35 /
,
3 90,90 3 61,65 140,23 / 360 /

3 65,79 3 174,35 309,066 / 360 /
Calculation base plate of HD 400/237 column
Design seismic forces (q=1) for the column joint number 6 are presented at the table.

130,07/85,38 1353,9 358,2
Capacity 944,43 514,65
Because of the capacity values are larger then the forces (seismic combinations q=1); forces for q=1
will be used.
Med-yy (kNm)=1,1x1,25x944,43=1298,6 kNm
Med-zz (kNm)=1,1x1,25x514,65=707,64 kNm
z
1353,9 kNm
358,2 kNm
130,07 kN
90 410 375 125
785
, , , ,
Tmax= =1617,7 kN,
,
T1bolt=1617,7/4=404 kN
Dmax=1617,7 kN + 85,38 kN=1703,08 kN

, , , ,
Tmax= =864,8 kN.
,
Selected bolts for y-y direction; 4M30 (M10.9 class) (FtRD M30=403,9)
Selected bolts for z-z direction; 2M30+2M20 (M10.9 class) (FtRD M20=218,2kN)
k2=0,9, =1,25 10 / (10.9 class)
25
30,3
,
0,68 /
K=0,68x25x30,3=516,03 kN
25/30,3 0,8 1, k=4,06
M=516,03/4,06=127,1 kNcm/cm
25
39,4
K=0,68x39,4x25=669,8 kN
25/39,4 0,64 0,64, k=7,75
M=669,8/7,75=86,43 kNcm/cm
Wrequired=127100/(23500/1.1)=5,95=t2/4 t=4,87 cm tselected=5 cm.

,
, , ,
926,25
/√ /√
,
, ,

, 189 20 0,7 2646 / fw,Rd is the design resistance per unit length.
Lver.plate=926250/2646=350 mm (leg length of the fillet weld s=√2a=20 mm) Lstiffener=350+2x20 390mm
Mver.plate=0,68x100x100/4x1/2x(30,95-100/8)=15682,5 kNcm
Wrequired=15682/(23,5x1,1)=2h2/4 h=38,31cm Lselected =40 cm
100 100
400
100
100
50
40
20
20
1000
282,5 395 282,5
309,5 M30 10.9

90
M20 10.9
12 mm
1000
381
161
HD 400 237
90
20
plates 20 mm
309,5
90
90
90 90 215 90 90

(a web:12 mm special case)
Bolts: 4M20 10.9
8M30 10.9
Plates: t=20 mm
Base Plate: 1000.1000.50
Figure 10.11: details of base plate for HD400/237 column

Intermediate Station HD 400/237 column shear key detail
Vx,max=72,80 kN, Vymax =295,84 kN
according to results HE 220B profile will be used
Selected system;
Figure 10.12: details of shear key for Circular column
VRd= 123,3 /
√ , √
C25 Fcd=250/1,5=167 kg/cm2
S235 Fu=360 N/mm2, Fy=235 N/mm2
/√
HE 220B
Ved,x=0,18/2x0,22x1670x2=661,32 kN > 72,80 kN
Ved,y=0,18/2x0,22x1670x2=330,66 kN > 295,84 kN
Wpx=827 cm3 Wpy=393,9 cm3
Mxmax=72,80 tcm, My=295,84 tcm (lever arm l  10cm)
, ,
0,839<2,35/1.1=2,13 t/cm2
,

Compression zones
HE 220B tw=9,50 mm, tf=16 mm Avz=27,92 cm2
,
, 1,84 / 16,7 /
,
, 14,94 / 16,7 /
,
26,07 / 123,3 /
,
42,02 / 123,3 /
Ix,weld=35133333,33 mm4
Iy,weld=88496400 mm4
8,23 / 189 /
,
84,21 / 189 /

,
180,65 / 207,8 /
For y direction: Vy=228,79 kN

,
29,33 / 207,8 /

180,65 / 5,01 / 180,7 /
56,72 / 29,33 63,85 /
3 41,6 3 180,7 315,73 / 360 /
3 72,9 3 63,85 132,46 / 360 /
Calculation base plate of 250/250/10 box column (similar to Terminal Station detail)
Design seismic forces (q=1) for the column joint number 295 are presented at the table. (connection
bombo 5)

37,32 130,52 22,66
Capacity 184,69 184,69
Because of the capacity values are larger then the forces (seismic combinations q=1); forces for q=1
will be used.
Med-yy (kNm)=1,1x1,25x184,69=253,95 kNm
Med-zz (kNm)=1,1x1,25x185,86=253,95 kNm
Figure 10.13: design forces for calculation of base plate of 250/250/10 box column

Shear resistance for M20 bolts;
FvRd =0,5x1000x245/1,25=98 kN
FbRd =2,5x1x0,36x20x30/1,25=432 kN
Tension resistance for M20 bolts;

,
FtRd = 0,9x1000x245/1,25=176,4 kN
,
, , , ,
Tmax= =294,3 kN,
,
T1bolt=294/3=98,1kN
Dmax=294,3 kN + 37,32 kN=331,62 kN
,
Tmax= =53,9 kN.
,
Selected bolts for z-z direction; 3M20 (M10.9 class) (FtRD=176,4kN)
k2=0,9, =1,25 10 / (10.9 class)
Vedz=23,32 kN, Vedy=6,52 kN,
Shear forces due to Vedz and Vedy,
F1=23,32/3=7,77 kN
F2=6,52/3=2,17 kN, Fed= 7,77 2,17 =8,06 kN
, , ,
1,00 0,55 1 it is safe.
, , , ,
Note= Welding must be applied with full penetration consistently between column and base plate.
Dmax=331,62 kN,
,
0,438 /
Mmaks(edge of base plate)=0,438x13,75x8,12=48,9 kNcm/cm
Wrequired=48,9/(23,5x1,1)=t2/4 h=3cm Lselected =30 mm

full penetration butt

weld a:10 mm
10
30
40
550
250.250.10
box column
550
60
60

Selected bolts: 8M20 10.9
Base Plate: 550.550.20
Figure 10.14: details of base plate for 250/250/10 box column
Design details for Entrance shelter
3
4
2
Figure 10.15: 3d view of entrance shelter

Detail 1 (See figure 10.16)
Design seismic forces (q=1(envelope)) for the column joint number 229 are presented at the table.
N (kN) Vedz (kN) Vedy (kN)

52,48 12,32 15,45
Selected bolts; 4 M16 10.9 FvRd (M16)=62,8 kN , FtRd (M16)=113 kN
Shear forces for a bolt due to shear forces Vedz and Vedy ,
F1=12,32/4=3,08 kN
F2=15,45/4=3,86 kN
FvEd= 3,08 3,86 4,95 kN
Tension forces for a bolt due to axial forces N,
FtEd=52,48/4=13,12 kN
, , , ,
1,00 0,16 1 it is safe.
, , , , ,
Figure 10.16: Details of entrance shelter (1)

Detail 2 (See figure 10.17, 10.18, 10.19, 10.20)
M22 (kNm) Vy (kN) Vx (kN)

18,51 11,92 4,61


Figure 10.17: Details of entrance shelter (2.1)
Shear forces for a bolt due to moment M22;

,
Fm= 0,14 33,05 kN
,
Fmx=33,05xsin32=17,51 kN, Fmy=33,05xcos32=28,02 kN
∆Nx=1,08 kN, ∆Ny=0,71 kN
∑ 1,08 17,51 18,6
∑ 0,706 24,68 28,7
18,6 28,7 34,2
For bolted shear connections, the design shear resistance of the bolts should be higher than 1,2 times
the design bearing resistance.
1,2XFR =1,2X34,2=41,04 kN.
Selected bolt: M16 10.9 FbRd= where FbRd is bearing resistance of bolts. Where;
/3 where e1=edge distance of bolts.
0,784
FbRd angle=2,5x0,784x0,36x16x9/1,25=81,28 kN>41,04 kN
FvRd (M16)=62,8 kN>41,04 kN

Tension forces;
Nmaks= 26,537 kN vertical force is equall to Nv=26,537xsin(37)=15,92 kN,
Tension force for a bolt is equal to 15,92/4=4 kN
, , ,
1,00 0,68 1 it is safe.
, , , , ,


Detail 3 (See figure 10.21, 10.22)
N (kN) Vz (kN) Vx (kN)

18,20 11,20 2,75
Design shear forces for one angle L 90 90 9 is equall to;
Fh=18,25/2=9,13 kN,
Fv=11,20/2=5,6 kN, FN= 5,6 9,13 =10,71 kNx1,2=12,85kN
FvRd (M16)=62,8 kN>12,85 kN
Design tension forces for one angle L 90 90 9 is equall to;
Ft=2,75/2=1,4 kN< FtRd (M16)=113,04 kN
, , , ,
1,00 0,20 1 it is safe.
, , , , ,
Design checks for Upe 140 section
tf=9 mm M=1,375x3,5=4,81 kNcm,
Wp=M/fy=4812/23500x1,1=0,225 cm3<Wp=0,92x9/4=1,82cm3
Weld thickness=3mm,
/√ /√
.
189 N/mm2,
, ,
/√ /√
.
3 3 189 567 N/mm,
, ,
Weld 1: fh= 140 2 3√2 0,567 2 149,13 2,75

Weld 2: fv= 90 2 3√2 0,567 2 92,43 11,76
Note:Weld checks are ignored for axial forces which has compression effect.
Due to 18,2 kN axial forces, Medge column =9,1x5,5=50 kNcm
Wpangle =9x12/4=2,25 cm3

,
22,22 / 23,5/1,1 21 /
,
Detail 4 Pin connection calculation for Entrance shelter (See figure 10.23)
Muerman compression strut Cataloge type 6-1320
Max axial force Nmax=26,537 kN<Ncapacity=45,6 kN
FvRd=0,6x2,45x100/1,25=117,6 kN>26,53 kN
FbRd=1,5x1,20x2x23,5/1,1=76,9 kN>26,53 kN
According to EN 1993-1-9:2005

Figure 10.23: details of pin connections
, , ,
0,518 1,4 1,92
, ,
, , ,
1,22
, ,
, ,
0,7 0,7 0,78 12
,
2,5 2,1 2,5 1,2 3
Pin connection calculation for Roof Bracing
Muerman Tension Rod Cataloge type 6-4-24 (or similar)
Max axial force Nmax=63,15 kN<Ncapacity=156 kN
FvRd=0,6x3,53x100/1,25=169,44 kN>63,15 kN
FbRd=1,5x1,50x2,4x23,5/1,1=115,36 kN>63,15 kN
According to EN 1993-1-9:2005
, , ,
0,98 1,66 2,65
, ,
, , ,
1,82
, ,
, ,
0,7 0,7 1,20 15
,
2,5 2,5 2,5 1,5 3,75

10.4 ROOF SLAB CALCULATIONS
Slab wire mesh calculations
Max distance between purlins lmaks=1,2 m
g=4 kN/m2 q=1 kN/m2
Design load:1,35g+1,5q  7,2kN/m2 (Eurocode 2)
Figure 11.1: moment diagrams under uniform loading for multispan beam
l=1,2m Maximum span moment;
7,2 kN/m2x1,2 m2/11=0,942 kNm/m
l=1,2m Maximum support moment;
7,2 kN/m2x1,2 m2/9=1,152 kNm/m
K=bwd2/Md=1x0,0252/1,152=54,25x10-5 ks=2,95
As=ksMd/d=2,95x1,152/0,025=131 mm2=1,31cm2
For support area;
Force arm is equal to 7,7-2,5=5,2cm
K=0,63x0,0522/1,152=147,8x10-5 ks=2,85
As=ksMd/d=2,85x1,152/0,052=63 mm2=0,63cm2 selected wire mesh is 131/131 (As=1,31 cm2)
Trapezoidal steel sheet calculations
Selected steel sheet : 27/200/0.6
g=2 kN/m2 (fresh concrete weight)
W=5,03 cm3/cm
=1200x5,03=6036 kgcm=60,36 kgm
Mcalculated=200x1,22/9=32kgm < 60,36 kgm
Between two purlins is equal to 1,2 m; continuous steel sheets allowable load bearing capacity is 536
kg/m2 ( =1200 kg/cm2)
Trasmission of seismic forces:
1. By using self drilling bolt

For 6.0 m x6.0 m2 area
Wseismic: (4+0,3x1)x6.0x6.0=154,80 kN
Fmax=2.12x154.80/9.81x1.2x2(q)=80,29 kN (2,12= y direction maks Sd(T1))
For 6x6 m2 area, (total 5 purlins and distance between two screws (equivalent bolts) is 20 cm)
Total number of screws (equivalent bolts) n=5x600/20=150
Seismic forces per screw (equivalent bolts) =80,29/150=0,535 kN =53,5 kg
=3 mm cross sectional area of a screw (equivalent bolts): As =5,03 mm2 /4.8 class
Fv=5,03x400x0,5x1/1,25=805 N=0,805 kN=80,5 kg
FbRd =2,5x1,0x360x3x0,6/1,25=1296 N=1,296 kN=129,6 kg
Figure 11.2: 3d view of Trapezoidal steel sheet
Bond check is negligible for X direction due to trapezoidal form
Bond force for Y direction=80290/(6x6)=2230 N/m2 = 0,2230 N/cm2 too small and ignored.
2. Additional details for increasing security

Figure 11.3: Section details of trapezoidal steel sheet
Angle shear keys will be used.
Calculated pressure for an angle;
, , , ,
12,90
=6x0,62/4x23,5/1,1=11,54 kNcm
12,90xpu=11,54 pu=0,895 kN/cm
P=puxlh=0,895x6=5,37 kN
Concrete stress: 10,27 /
Required angle shear key number (for purlins s= 1,2 m): n=80,29/(5x6,0x5,37)=0,5
For spacing 2 m, one angle shear key will be used.
Totally for 6x6 m2 area;15 angle shear key will be used. 15x5,37=80,55 kN>80,29 kN.
Location of angle shear keys are presented below.

Figure 11.4: Locations of angle shear keys at the beam - trapezoidal steel sheet contact surface

10.5 RAFT FOUNDATION CALCULATIONS
Bedding coefficient is taken kv=20000 kN/m3 and acted compression only. Also the seismic forces are
increased by taking Ω=1 and rd=1,4 according to Eurocode (EN1998-1-1, 4.4.2.6(8)).
Foundation and Pedestal perspective view of Analysis Model
Raft Reinforcement Calculations:
The necessary reinforcements are determined with the help of Sap2000 for the raft foundation.
The reinforcement intensity graphics are given below and the selected reinforcements are
presented in the detailed design drawings by considering the necessary reinforcement areas.
Foundation Design top rebar area for X direction (m2/m x 10-3) – Foundation Combo 1



Foundation Design top rebar area for Y direction (m2/m x 10-3) – Foundation Combo 1



Foundation Design bottom rebar area for X direction (m2/m x 10-3) – Foundation Combo 1


Foundation Design bottom rebar area for Y direction (m2/m x 10-3) – Foundation Combo 1



Soil Bearing Capacity Check
Foundation Design deformed shape (ENVELOPE)
Max displacement: -0,54 cm
, , / /
The additional checks and geotechnical design details for the bearing soil below the
foundation will be presented for each station separately in the Geotechnical Reports of
each station.

Pedestal Reinforcement Calculations
Pedestal design longitudinal rebar area
As a result of analysis, checks for pedestals under the HD400/237 columns are presented below.
Pedestal design summary SAP2000

11 DETAILS of STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS and DESIGN
11.1 MODAL ANALYSIS RESULTS

According to analysis results, period and frequency values are shown below;
OutputCase StepType StepNum Period Frequency CircFreq Eigenvalue

Text Text Unitless Sec Cyc/sec rad/sec rad2/sec2
MODAL Mode 1 1,136261 0,88008 5,5297 30,578
MODAL Mode 2 1,125666 0,88836 5,5817 31,156
MODAL Mode 3 1,071199 0,93353 5,8656 34,405
MODAL Mode 4 1,008724 0,99135 6,2288 38,799
MODAL Mode 5 0,517948 1,9307 12,131 147,16
MODAL Mode 6 0,500544 1,9978 12,553 157,57
MODAL Mode 7 0,461366 2,1675 13,619 185,47
MODAL Mode 8 0,368087 2,7167 17,07 291,38
MODAL Mode 9 0,352984 2,833 17,8 316,85
MODAL Mode 10 0,345882 2,8912 18,166 329,99
MODAL Mode 11 0,28386 3,5229 22,135 489,95
MODAL Mode 12 0,275489 3,6299 22,807 520,18
Mod 1 longitudinal vibration period

Mod 2 Transversal vibration period
Mod 6 Torsional period

11.2 LOADS
Dead Loads
1,0/2x4=2,00 kN/m
2-2 axes dead loads (G2)
1,00x4=4,00 kN/m
3-3 axes dead loads (G2)

1,00/2X1,00 0,5 kN/m
2-2 axes live loads (Q)
1,00X1,00 1 kN/m
3-3 axes live loads (Q)

EX seismic loads
A-A axes Seismic loads (EX)
B-B axes Seismic loads (EX)

C-C axes Seismic loads (EX)
D-D axes Seismic loads (EX)

EY seismic loads
1-1 axes Seismic loads (EY)

EXP seismic loads
3D Seismic loads (EXP)

3D Seismic loads (-EXP)
EYP seismic loads
3D Seismic loads (EYP)

3D Seismic loads (-EYP)
T+ Temperature loads
1-1 axes temperature loads (T+)


Wind loads WX
1-1 axes Wind loads (WY)
2-2 axes Wind loads (WY)

A-A axes Wind loads (WX)
B-B axes Wind loads (WX)

11.3 FRAME FORCES (M,V,N)
1-1 axes Flexural Moment (ULS Combinations)
1-1 axes Shear Forces (ULS Combinations)
1-1 axes Axial Forces (ULS Combinations)



1-1 axes Flexural Moment (Temperature load Combinations)
1-1 axes Shear Forces (Temperature load Combinations)
1-1 axes Axial Forces (Temperature load Combinations)



1-1 axes Flexural Moment (Seismic load Combinations)
1-1 axes Shear Forces (Seismic load Combinations)
1-1 axes Axial Forces (Seismic load Combinations)



11.4 DEMAND - CAPACITY RATIOS OF ELEMENTS
Design check of frames according to SAP 2000
1-1 axes steel design (EC3-2005)



beam steel design (EC3-2005)
column steel design (EC3-2005)
As a result of analysis most unfavorable beam and column’s controls will be shown.

Most unfavorable beam IPE 270 steel check;

Most unfavorable beam HE500B steel check;

Most unfavorable column HD400/216 steel check;

11.5 DESIGN SUMMARY TABLES
Frame DesignSect Design Status Ratio RatioT Combo Location ErrMsg WarnMsg
Type ype
Text Text Text Text Unitless Text Text m Text Text
1 HE360B Column No 0,860 PMM UDSTL21 0 No No
Messages Messages Messages
7 H400X237 Column No 0,827 PMM UDSTL18 0 No No
11 HD Column No 0,950 PMM UDSTL21 0 No No
400/216 Messages Messages Messages
27 IPE270 Beam No 0,503 PMM TCOMB1 3 No No

45 M24/S460 Brace No 0,016 PMM UDSTL9 5,37807 No No
103 M24/S460 Brace No 0,044 PMM UDSTL10 0 No No
104 HD400/187 Column No 0,738 PMM UDSTL15 0 No No
108 HD400/187 Column No 0,615 PMM UDSTL16 0 No No
112 IPE300 Beam No 0,017 PMM UDSTL21 0,4 No No
131 IPE300 Beam No 0,446 PMM TCOMB1 3,4 No No
83 HE500B Brace No 0,875 PMM UDSTL2 0,95021 No No
84 HE500B Brace No 0,875 PMM UDSTL2 0,2502 No No
142 HE500B Brace No 0,875 PMM UDSTL2 0 No No
143 HE500B Brace No 0,875 PMM UDSTL2 0 No No
307 IPE300 Brace No 0,279 PMM UDSTL18 0 No No
308 IPE300 Brace No 0,272 PMM UDSTL17 0,30009 No No
63 HE500B Brace No 0,275 PMM TCOMB1 1,00031 No No
77 HE500B Brace No 0,671 PMM TCOMB1 0 No No
78 HE500B Brace No 0,497 PMM TCOMB1 No 0 No
87 IPE270 Beam No 0,752 PMM UDSTL2 3 No No
173 IPE300 Brace No 0,789 PMM TCOMB1 1,20037 No No
175 IPE300 Brace No 0,796 PMM TCOMB1 0 No No
177 IPE300 Brace No 0,221 Major UDSTL2 0,30009 No No
Messages Shear Messages Messages
190 IPE330 Brace No 0,248 Major UDSTL2 0 No No
296 IPE330 Brace No 0,089 Major TCOMB1 0,2502 No No
51 M24/S460 Brace No 0,012 PMM TCOMB6 0 No No
54 M24/S460 Brace No 0,008 PMM UDSTL22 0 No No
28 2 L90/14 Beam No 0,303 PMM UDSTL2 1,2 No No
59 IPE330 Brace No 0,086 Major UDSTL2 0 No No
62 D=42,4 Brace No 0,154 PMM UDSTL2 1,00527 No No
t=4mm(1 Messages Messages Messages
1/4")
65 IPE330 Brace No 0,089 PMM UDSTL9 No 0 No
81 D=42,4 Brace No 0,241 PMM TCOMB1 1,02294 No No
1/4")
115 D=42,4 Brace No 0,154 PMM UDSTL2 1,00527 No No
1/4")
41 250 250 10 Column No 0,481 PMM UDSTL17 0 No No

30 D219,1 Beam No 0,094 PMM UDSTL17 2,3 No No
Thickness Messages Messages Messages
10 mm
31 D219,1 Beam No 0,134 PMM UDSTL17 0 No No
Thickness Messages Messages Messages
10 mm

11.6 JOINT NUMBER DATA
4.58 level joint numbers
6.39 level joint numbers

11.7 FRAME NUMBER DATA
4.58 level frame numbers
6.39 level frame numbers


Akh Ymi DD Si00x D Ce Rep 1001 0

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ERC

AWASH – KOMBOLCHA – HARA GEBAYA

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

AWASH – KOMBOLCHA – HARA GEBAYA

ETHIOPIAN RAILWAYS CORPORATION (ERC)

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

Version Details Date Amended By

0 First Issue 07.08.2015 YM Design Group

Edited by A. Karasu YM Structural Engineer

Checked by B. Zeybek YM Structural Engineer

Approved by Z. Uygun YM Deputy GM, Design

Approved by A. Kılıç YM Project Manager

APPROVED APPROVED AS NOTED REJECTED

Name Title Signature & Stamp

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

3 LOAD ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 7

6 SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................... 11

7 WIND LOADS ............................................................................................................................... 11

8 LOAD COMBINATIONS ACCORDING TO EUROCODE ............................................................ 13

9 SECTION PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ............................................................... 15

10 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS and DESIGN ................................................................................ 18

10.1 SPECIFICATIONS USED FOR STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN .......................................... 18

11 DETAILS of STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS and DESIGN ........................................................... 76

11.1 MODAL ANALYSIS RESULTS.............................................................................................. 76

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

Figure 1.1: Intermediate Stations 3d Analysis Model

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

Figure 1.2: Intermediate Stations Foundation Formwork Plan

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

 EN 1990:2002 - Eurocode - Basis of structural design

 EN 1991-1-1:2002 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities,

 EN 1991-1-4:2005 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind

 EN 1991-1-5:2003 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal

 EN 1993-1-8:2005 - Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-8: Design of joints

 EN 1997-1:2004 - Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design - Part 1: General rules

 EN 1998-1:2004 - Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 1:

 EN 1998-1:2004 - Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 5:

 ESCP-1:1983 Ethiopian Standart Code of Practice for Loading – Wind actions

 EBCS-1:1995 EthiopianBuilding Standart- Basis of Design and Actions on Structures

Dead loads (Roof Level) - G2

Live loads (Roof Level) - Q

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

Wall weights (Hollow Concrete Block)

2,15 0,5 / 1,00 /

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

Figure 4.1: Material properties

 1.50 for persistent and transient situations

The concrete dilatation coefficient is 10 .

4.2 REINFORCING STEEL

 1.15 for persistent and transient situations

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

The structural steel will be of the following classes:

 Structural steel in plates:

40 S235J0 fy=235 Mpa

40 S235J0 fy=215 Mpa

40 S460N fy=460 Mpa

Ground Type S TB(S) TC(S) TD(S)

0,20 0,20 9,81 1,962

The vibration period of direction Y: T(y)=0,52 sec

The vibration period of direction Y: T(x)=1,13 sec

TYPICAL INTERMEDIATE STATION

395 1373 1048 315