ERC

AWASH – KOMBOLCHA – HARA GEBAYA

RAILWAY PROJECT

Employer’s Representative:

TYPICAL WATER TANK (TYPE 1)

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT
Report No
A K H - YM I - D D - WT 0 0 X - D - C E - R E P - 1 0 0 1 - 1
Project Organization Stage Location Category Discipline Type of Number Vers.
Document

23.11.2015
 ERC AKH Railway Project

Project:

AWASH – KOMBOLCHA – HARA GEBAYA RAILWAY

PROJECT, ETHIOPIA

Employer:

ETHIOPIAN RAILWAYS CORPORATION (ERC)

Employer’s Representative:

Contractor:

www.ym.com.tr

Designer:

Report Name:
TYPICAL WATER TANK (TYPE 1) STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT

Report No:
AKH - YM I - DD - WT 0 0 X - D - C E - R E P - 1 0 0 1 - 1
Project Organization Stage Location Category Discipline Type of Number Vers.
Document

Date: 23.11.2015
TYPICAL WATER TANK
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 ERC AKH Railway Project

VERSION HISTORY

Version Details Date Amended By

0 First Issue 30.09.2015 YM Design Group

1 Updated according RVS No: 23.11.2015 YM Design Group

AKH­RVS­000306­0

PREPARED BY

Edited by B. Zeybek YM Structural Engineer

YM Senior Structural
Checked by E. Günal
Design Engineer

YM General Structural
Approved by Ö. Güzel
Design Manager

Approved by Z. Uygun YM Deputy GM, Design

Approved by A. Kılıç YM Project Manager

APPROVAL

APPROVED APPROVED AS NOTED REJECTED

APPROVED BY

Name Title Signature & Stamp

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Table of Contents

1 GENERAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................................ 5

1.1 Scope of Report ....................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Structure Details ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 References ............................................................................................................................ 10

2 LOADS ..................................................................................................................................... 11

2.1 Dead Load ............................................................................................................................. 11

2.2 Live Loads ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 Soil Loads .............................................................................................................................. 13

2.3.1 At rest Loading Case ............................................................................................... 15

2.3.2 Earthquake Impulsive Load .................................................................................... 16

2.4 Surcharge Load ..................................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Water Loads .......................................................................................................................... 18

2.5.1 Checkerboard Loading Case I ................................................................................ 18

2.5.2 Checkerboard Loading Case II ............................................................................... 19

2.5.3 Overflow Case .......................................................................................................... 19

2.5.4 Permeability Test and Operational Case ............................................................... 19

2.5.5 Earthquake Sloshing Effect .................................................................................... 20

2.5.6 Earthquake Impulsive Effect .................................................................................. 21

2.6 Earthquake Load ................................................................................................................... 22
2.7 Load Combinations ................................................................................................................ 24

3 MATERIALS ............................................................................................................................. 24

4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY............................................................................. 25

5 CALCULATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 26

5.1 Foundation ............................................................................................................................. 26

5.2 Slabs ...................................................................................................................................... 35
5.3 Shear Walls ........................................................................................................................... 41
5.4 Beam ..................................................................................................................................... 61

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1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Scope of Report

This report aims to summarize the structural design of Water Tank (Type 1) structure by
specifying technical specifications, standards, loads and overall analysis methodology.

1.2 Structure Details

The structure to be designed in this report is a kind of RC structure standing on a 30cm thick
mat foundation 13 x 10m in plan. The structure aims to store treated and storage water. The water
tank is buried 3m underground and the top elevation of the roof slab is 3.9m above the ground level.
The structure is circumferenced by 25cm shear walls and the volume inside is divided by two 25cm
shear walls. There is a 70cm cubic ditch at the intersection of the shear walls inside and two channels
at the equipment side of the shear walls inside. Foundation is to be thickened under the channels for
30 cm. The slab at the entrence has a thickness of 15 cm whereas the slab at the roof is 20cm.

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1.3 References
Standards and references to be used in the design are the followings;

 EN 1990:2002 - Eurocode - Basis of structural design

 EN 1991-1-1:2002 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities,

self-weight, imposed loads for buildings

 EN 1992-1-1:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and
rules for buildings

 EN 1992-3:2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 3: Liquid retaining and

containment structures

 EN 1997-1:2004 - Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design - Part 1: General rules

 EN 1998-1:2004 - Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 1:

General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings

 EN 1998-5:2004 - Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 5:

Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects

 EN 1998-4:2004 - Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 4:

Silos, tanks and pipelines

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2 LOADS

2.1 Dead Load

Unit weight of Reinforced Concrete : 25 kN/m3

Unit weight of Unreinforced Concrete : 24 kN/m3

 Foundation:

30cm levelling concrete : 7.2 kN/m2 & 10cm levelling concrete : 2.4 kN/m2

 Roof Slab :

Isolation + (6cm Gravel+12cm levelling concrete) = (1.5 kN/m2) + ( 2.9 kN/m2) = 4.4 kN/m2

 Slab and Stairs:

Finishing Works: 2 kN/m 2

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2.2 Live Loads
Value of live load is taken as 1 kN/m2 at the roof and 5 kN/m2 at stairs and mechanical room in
order to represent equipment loads and to provide opportunities for future improvements.

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
2.3 Soil Loads
Behaviour of soil is represented in two different cases depending on whether there is a
ground motion or not. These are defined as “at rest at rest loading case” and “earthquake
impulsive load case” and shown under this clause of the calculation report.
GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Type­I Water Tanks are planned to be constructed at the locations where terminal
stations are planned to be, therefore; geological characteristics of terminal stations are also
assumed to be reflecting conditions of water tank type­I, too. Terminal Stations are generally
resting over a fill layer (compacted fill under control) due to the needs of long platform structures
(300m long with 0% longitudinal gradient). Only Hayk Terminal Station is planned to rest over
the existing soil ,whereas; the others are planned to be resting over a fill. The foundation bottom
levels of the Water Tank Type­I are given below with the existing ground levels:

Station Ground Elev. Top of Rail Elev. Raft Elevation

Awash ~ 891.45 893.83 892.08
Shewarobit ~ 1197.20 1200.65 1198.90
Kombolcha ~ 1886.40 1890.87 1889.12
Hayk ~ 1929.25 1920.88 1919.13

As it is seen from the table above; Awash, Shewarobit and Kombolcha Stations are
resting over fill and Hayk Station is resting over natural soil. In the geotechnical reports of
Shewarobit and Kombolcha Stations the following soil parameters are recommended for
buildings which are resting over fill & natural soil:

Soil Parameters Shewarobit Station Kombolcha Station

(Buidings resting over fill)
Bearing Resistance (qu) 600 kPa 800 kPa
3
Vertical Subgrade Reaction Modulus (kv) 35 MN/m 35 MN/m3
Soil Parameters Shewarobit Station Kombolcha Station
(Buidings resting over natural soil)
Bearing Resistance (qu) 514 kPa 514 kPa
Vertical Subgrade Reaction Modulus (kv) 20 MN/m3 20 MN/m3

In order to be on the safe side following parameters are selected for the design of a typical
Water Tank Type­I:

Soil Parameter Water Tank (Type – I)

Bearing Resistance (qu) 400 kPa
Vertical Subgrade Reaction Modulus (kv) 15 MN/m3

The soil parameters shall be justified for Awash and Hayk Stations after the execution of
necessary geotechnical investigations for these stations. In the case of soil parameters for
Awash or Hayk Station would be worse than the values which are taken in the calculations, the
structural analysis shall be carried for the Station which needs to be verified with these soil
parameters. In the design of Water Tank (Type­I) which are resting over compacted fill, "Soil Type
C" is considered in the seismic design of these buildings in a conservative approach.

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Detailed information regarding to soil parameters will be presented in the Geotechnical
Report of each Station. Station Geotechnical Reports shall be submitted in the order of
Shewarobit Station Report, Kombolcha Station Report, Awash Station Report and Hara Gebaya
Station Report.

SEISMIC PARAMETERS
Please refer to “Basic Design Report No: AWR­YM­X­BTR­GNRL­001­00, Section 3.6
Seismicity, pages 12­14” for the Seicmicity.

PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION

The following Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values are considered along the project:

PGA : 0.20g in the vicinity of Kare­Kore (up to 25km north and down to 25km south),
PGA : 0.16g at the other places.

Water Tank Type­I structures are only located at four places (Awash, Shewarobit,
Kombolcha, Hayk Stations) which are not within the 25km vicinity of Kare­Kore. The peak ground
acceleration value is taken as 0.20g instead of 0.16g to be on the safe side.

IDENTIFICATION OF GROUND TYPE

Ground type C is selected according to site conditions (Deep deposits of dense or

medium­dense sand, gravel or stiff clay with thickness from several tens to many hundreds of metres,
Vs,30(m/s)=180­360) and with a conservative approach. Type I elastic response spectra is sellected
according to Eurocode8 Table 3.2 (MS>5,5).

Ground Type S TB(S) TC(S) TD(S)

C 1.15 0.20 0.6 2.0

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2.3.1 At rest Loading Case

Unit weight of soil is assumed to be 19kN/m3 with an internal friction angle of 30 degrees and
loaded linearly to circumference. K0 is taken as 0.5 by assuming the fill material has an angle of friction
of 30 degree.Depending on geotechnical reports to be provided for each station, assumptions are going
to be checked and the model shall be updated whenever unfavorable results are obtained then the
assumptions made.

At rest soil loads are defined as linearly increasing triangular distribution as a function of depth:

𝑃(𝑧) = z. γ. K0
γ : 19 kN/m3

K0 : 0.5

z : is the depth in meters

(Psoil)max = 2.6 x 19 x 0.5 = 25 kN/m 2

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2.3.2 Earthquake Impulsive Load

Dynamic behaviour of soil carried by the circumference of the structure is represented as rigid
retaining wall carrying soil and calculated depending on “EN.1998.5.2004 Annex E : Simplified analysis
for retaining structures”.

Pd = α . S. γ . H2 ( Equation E.19 )

The values are taken as following;

α = 0.2 (please refer to seismic calculations for horizontal ground acceleration)

S = 1.15 (Type C Ground, please refer to geotechnical report)

γ = 19 kN/m3 (Assumed unit weight of the soil)

H = 2.6 m (Height of the soil carried)

Pd : Horizontal dynamic impulsive force by the soil under earthquake conditions to be applied
at the mid height of the retaining structure.

Pd is calculated as 29.5kN/m (per meter is along the transversal direction of EQ) and applied
at the mid height of circumference walls as equivalent area load per meter square for two axis in two
different case.

(PEQ)soil = 0.2 x 1.15 x 19 x 2.62 = 29.5 kN/m2

(PEQ)soil = 0.2 x 1.15 x 19 x 2.62 = 29.5 kN/m2

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2.4 Surcharge Load
10 kN/m2 surcharge load is considered during the calculations of the construction and operation
phase of the structure. It is the consideration of construction equipments, materials etc. after the
compilation of permeability test, whereas; it is considered as possible future surcharge loads around the
structure during the life time of the structure. In the operational case, however; surcharge load is not
assigned to the structure due to the favorable affect of the load on the structure’s behavior. Therefore;
it is only showed for construction phase combination where there is no water inside the structure.

𝑃𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝐾0 . 𝑞𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒

(Psurcharge) = 0.5 x 10 = 5 kN/m2

(Assigned as constrant uniformly distributed area load)

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2.5 Water Loads
Behaviour of water stored is represented differently as at rest and earthquake conditions.

During at rest conditions; four different cases are analysed by using linearly increasing
water pressure. Two cases are set for the two possibility of checkerboard loading, one case
is set for the permeability test of the structure after the construction ,and lastly; one accidental
case, overflow case, is investigated. At rest water pressures are defined as linearly increasing
triangular distribution as a function of water depth:

𝑃𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = z. γ
Where;

γ : 10 kN/m3

z : is the depth in meters

During earthquake; impulsive and sloshing effect of water stored are represented in four
different load cases for two main axis.

2.5.1 Checkerboard Loading Case I

The case only when the raw water volume of the tank is full and the treated water side is empty.

(PW2) = 4 x 10 = 40 kN/m2

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2.5.2 Checkerboard Loading Case II

The case only when the treated water volume of the tank is full and the raw water side is
empty.

(PW2) = 4.7 x 10 = 47 kN/m 2

2.5.3 Overflow Case

The accidental case when the discharge parts of the tank are not working and the water inside
the tank is full up to the bottom level of the entrance door.

(PWa) = 3.1 x 10 = 31 kN/m 2

2.5.4 Permeability Test and Operational Case

This case includes both permeability test time just after the construction is completed and the
operational case when the water levels are expected as the mechanical requirements. This is the sum
of the values given in the both checkerboard cases.

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2.5.5 Earthquake Sloshing Effect

This case represents the sloshing effect of stored water under earthquake conditions. The cases
are set for two different axis and calculated depending on en.1998.4.2004 Annex A (A.4 Rectangular
Tanks).

NOTE: For the simplicity of calculations;

L=4.70/2=2.35m value is used for the EQ calculations of
the both sides of treated water tank and the short side of raw water tank.

Fc = q_c1 x L x A(T) (EC8.4 A.45)

L = 2.35m & 6.2m

T : 2.6 sec & 4.4 sec (EC8.4 A.46)
(first period of the wave for L= 2.35m & 6.2m respectively)
Note: T=4.4 sec is used for the both calculations to be on the safe side
q_c1 : q(z) (EC 8.4 Fig A.7)
A(T) : S(T)

Se calculations
n : 1 (EC 8.1 Equ 3.6)
T : 2,6 s (EC 8.4 Equ A.46)
TB : 0,15 s (EC 8.1 Table 3.2)
TC : 0,50 s (EC 8.1 Table 3.2)
TD : 2,00 s (EC 8.1 Table 3.2)
S : 1,15 (EC 8.1 Table 3.2)
a0 : 0,2 s
q : 1 (EC 8.4 2.4)
I : 1 (EC 8.1 Table 4.3)
2
Se : 0,83 m/s (EC 8.1 Equ 3.5)

z (m) z/h q_c1(z) Fc (kN/m) Fc (kN/m) simplified linearly as

(L=2.35m) (L=6.20m) for L=2.35 for L=6.20
4,7 1,00 0,80 1,57 4,14 1,6 4,2
4,0 0,85 0,45 0,88 2,33
3,0 0,64 0,25 0,49 1,29
2,0 0,43 0,15 0,29 0,78
1,0 0,21 0,10 0,20 0,52
0,0 0,00 0,10 0,20 0,52 0,2 0,6

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2.5.6 Earthquake Impulsive Effect

This case represents the impulsive effect of stored water under earthquake conditions. The
cases are set for two different axis and calculated depending on en.1998.4.2004 Annex A (A.4
Rectangular Tanks).

Fi = q_0 x L x A_g(T) (EC8.4 A.44)

L =2.35m & 6.2m

T: 0.3 s (first mode of structure)
q_0 : q(z) (EC 8.4 Fig A.5)
A_g(T) : S(T)
2
Se : 5,64 m/s (EC 8.1 Equ 3.3)

for L=2,35m
z (m) z/h q0(z)/q0(0) q0(z) Fi (kN/m) simplified linearly as
4,7 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
4,0 0,85 0,70 0,74 9,77 14,00
3,0 0,64 0,90 0,95 12,56
2,0 0,43 0,92 0,97 12,84
1,0 0,21 0,95 1,00 13,26
0,0 0,00 1,00 1,05 13,95 14,00

for L=6,2m
z (m) z/h q0(z)/q0(0) q0(z) Fi (kN/m) simplified linearly as

4,0 1,00 0,50 1,00 34,97 0,00

3,0 0,75 0,75 1,50 52,46
2,0 0,50 0,88 1,76 61,55 60,00
1,0 0,25 0,97 1,94 67,85
0,0 0,00 1,00 2,00 69,95 70,00

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2.6 Earthquake Load
Earthquake effects due to the inertia of the
structure are represented by response spectrum
analysis of structural analysis programme used.

- 0.2g peak ground acceleration is used

during the calculations depending on
the relevant national annex of Ethiopia.
(Please refer to geotechnical report)
- q=1 Behaviour factor is used
(en.1998.4.2004 – Part 4.4)

Input values chosen in order to use response spectrum function are represented in the following
window.

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2.7 Load Combinations
Following load combinations are defined and investigated during the calculations;

Name Cases Used in the Combination Explanation of the Combination

Combination 1 1.0D+1.0(W 1+W 2) Permiability test
Combination 2 1.35D+1.5Q+1.5H+1.5Hq Construction
Combination 3 1.35D+1.5Q+1.35(W 1+W 2)+1.5H Operational
Combination 4 1.35D+1.5Q+1.35W 1+1.5H Checkerboard Loading I
Combination 5 1.35D+1.5Q+1.35W 2+1.5H Checkerboard Loading II
Combination 6 1.0D+1.0(W i+W c)x+1.0(W 1+W 2)+Heqx Earthquake x direction(water @ op. level)
Combination 7 1.0D+1.0(W i+W c)y+1.0(W 1+W 2)+Heqy Earthquake y direction(water @ op. level)
Combination 8 1.0D+Heqx Earthquake x direction(no water inside)
Combination 9 1.0D+Heqy Earthquake y direction(no water inside)
Combination 10 1.0D+1.0W a+1.0H Overflow
Foundation
Comb (3,4,5) At rest base pressure check
Check Envelope
Foundation EQ
Comb (6,7,8,9) Earthquake base pressure check
Check Envelope

Explanations of abbrevations:

D : Dead load
Q : Live load
H : Soil load
W1 : Raw water
W2 : Treated water side
Wc : Sloshing effect of water during earthquake
Wi : Impulsive effect of water during earthquake
Wa : Overflow case of water
Heq : Dynamic effect of soil during earthquake
Hq : Surcharge load

3 MATERIALS
Concrete used during the calculations is assumed to have a cylinder strength of 25 MPa and should
satisfy the requirements of EN.1992.1.1.2004 Chapter 3.1.

Reinforcement Steel to be used in the construction is B500B Steel class and should satisfy the
requirements of chapter 3.2. and annex C of EN.1992.1.1.2004 and also Chapter 5.2.1 of
EN.1998.2.2005.

Clear cover assumed during the calculations is ;

- 50mm at the sections having a direct contact with soil.

- 30mm at the column, beams and slabs w/o a direct contact with soil.

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The building to be designed is modeled and analyzed in SAP2000 finite element analysis software.
RC Shear walls, slabs, stairs and foundation elements are defined as thick shell elements depending
on their thicknesses. Beam is defined as frame element depending on their cross sections.

Reinforcement areas required for slabs and shear walls are calculated depending on the most critical
design moments taken as results of the model. Torsional effects are taken into consideration and added
to both M11 & M22 moments at the critical design sections while choosing the desing moment. Then;
flexural calculations are made in order to find the required area of reinforcement steel for each section.

The distance between the bottom elevation of the roof slab and the operational water level is 200cm.
Wave height during an earthquake can’t overcome such a height, therefore; freeboard requirements are
assumed to be satisfied.

Sufficient water isolation will be provided for both inside and outside of the tank. Therefore; the
concrete sections are assumed to be dry in any condition and crack control is checked under these
conditions according to EN.1992.1.1.2004 section 7.3.

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
5 CALCULATIONS
5.1 Foundation
Location Direction M22 M11 M12 Mdesign MR Main Reinf Add Reinf
kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m # dia (mm) # dia (mm)
Foundation
Top y 65 3 68 74,04 5 14
Top x 50 3 53 55,35 5 12
Bottom y 30 8 38 55,35 5 12
Bottom x 30 8 38 55,35 5 12
Bottom (add) y 110 10 120 124,33 5 12 5 14
Bottom (add) x 65 10 75 124,33 5 12 5 14

Shear Reinforcement Calculations:

The most critical shear force value calculated for foundation from structural analysis is 100 kN
which is less than shear capacity of the section calculated ,so that; no shear reinforcement is used.

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Flexural Reinforcement Calculations:
Following calculations are the typical flexural calculations showing typical moment resistance of
the cross section against reinforcements provided.

d:300 & Ø12/200 main reinforcement:

____________________________________________________________________________

d:300 & Ø14/200 main reinforcement:

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
d:300 & Ø12/200 main and Ø14/200 additional reinforcement at the thickened foundation:

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 50 kN.m / m

M_d = 65 kN.m / m

M_d = 30 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 110 kN.m / m

M_d = 30 kN.m / m

M_d = 65 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 10 kN.m / m

V_cr = 85 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

V_cr = 100 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Soil Bearing Capacity Check

Soil bearing capacity checks are done for Earthquake and Ultimite Limit States by considering
the Design Approach 2. Since the efforts are much less than the resistances the efforts for earthquake
and ULS combinations are compared with resistances obtained according to Design Approach 2 only.

Design Approach 2 (DA 2)

The combination of partial factors used is A1 ‘+’ M1 ‘+’ R2.

Partial factor Combination Unfavorable Favorable

gG A1 1.35 1.00
gQ A1 1.50 0.00
gf’1 M1 1.00
gC’ M1 1.00
gCu M1 1.00
gqu M1 1.10
gR, v R2 1.40
gR, h R2 1,10
gR, e R2 1,40

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
 Note that: Allowable bearing capacity is taken as q ult/1.4 = 400/1.4 = 285 kPa

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
5.2 Slabs

Location Direction M22 M11 M12 Mdesign MR Main Reinf Add Reinf
kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m # dia (mm) # dia (mm)
Slab (+1.60)
Bottom x 7 1 8 17,10 5 10
Bottom y 10 1 11 17,10 5 10
Top x 12 1 13 17,10 5 10
Top y 16 1 17 17,10 5 10

Roof Slab (+5.15)

Bottom x 10 2 12 25,65 5 10
Bottom y 15 2 17 25,65 5 10
Top x 12 2 14 25,65 5 10
Top y 23 2 25 25,65 5 10

Shear Reinforcement Calculations:

The most critical shear force found for slabs is 17kN from structural analysis which is less than
shear capacity of the section calculated ,so that; no shear reinforcement is used.

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Flexural Reinforcement Calculations:

Calculations on the following page are the typical flexural calculations showing typical moment
resistance of the cross section against reinforcements provided.

d:200 & Ø10/200 main reinforcement:

d:150 & Ø10/200 main reinforcement:

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
M_d = 12 kN.m / m

M_d = 7 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 16 kN.m / m

M_d = 10 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 12 kN.m / m

M_d = 10 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 23 kN.m / m

M_d = 12 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
5.3 Shear Walls

Location Direction M11 M22 M12 Mdesign Mult_typ Check Main Reinf Add Reinf
kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m # dia (mm) # dia (mm)
W1-W6-W4
Vertical inner 10 18 28 43,30 SAFE 5 12
Vertical outer 47 7 54 57,96 SAFE 5 14
Horizontal outer 48&23 3 51&26 57,96&43,30 SAFE 5 14 & 12
Horizontal inner 30 10 40 43,30 SAFE 5 12
Horizontal (add) inner 65 10 75 79,65 SAFE 5 12 5 10

W2-W5
Vertical inner 27 3 30 43,30 SAFE 5 12
Vertical outer 32 3 35 43,30 SAFE 5 12
Horizontal inner 20 3 23 43,30 SAFE 5 12
Horizontal outer 18 3 21 43,30 SAFE 5 12

W3
Vertical inner 18 3 21 43,30 SAFE 5 12
Vertical outer 32 3 35 43,30 SAFE 5 12
Horizontal inner 23 3 26 43,30 SAFE 5 12
Horizontal outer 25 3 28 43,30 SAFE 5 12

Shear Reinforcement Calculations:

The most critical shear force calculated from structural analysis found on shear walls is 90kN
which is less than shear capacity of the section calculated ,so that; no shear reinforcement is used.

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Flexural Reinforcement Calculations:
Following calculations are the typical flexural calculations showing typical moment resistance of
the cross section against reinforcements provided.

Ø12/200 main reinforcement:

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Ø14/200 main reinforcement:

Ø12/200 main reinforcement + Ø10/200 additional reinforcement:

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 23 kN.m / m

M_d = 48 kN.m / m

M_d = 65 kN.m / m

M_d = 30 kN.m / m
M_d = 30 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 47 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 10 kN.m / m

V_d = 90 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

V_d = 10 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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M_d = 90 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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M_d = 20 kN.m / m

M_d = 18 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 3 kN.m / m

M_d = 32 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 27 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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TYPICAL WATER TANK

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TYPICAL WATER TANK

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M_d = 23 kN.m / m

M_d = 25 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

M_d = 32 kN.m / m

M_d = 18 kN.m / m

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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TYPICAL WATER TANK

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TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Crack Width Calculations:

Sufficient water isolation will be provided for both inside and outside of the tank. Therefore; the
concrete sections are assumed to be dry in any condition and crack control is checked under these
conditions according to EN.1992.1.1.2004 section 7.3.3. The crack width is taken as 0.4mm as
suggested in Table 7.1N.

SLS combination of the structural modal is 1.0D+1.0H+1.0W+1.0Q and the moment results
are the followings.

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
In order to use the tables provided in code, stresses at the outermost tension reinforcement
should be calculated to check the diameter and spacing of reinforcement. Crack width calculations are
done for ø12/200 reinforced walls. This calculation also guarantees the crack width compatibility of
ø14/200 with the code.

 Stress at the outermost tension reinforcement for 43 kN.m is 270 Mpa

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
 Both stress and spacing criterias are satisfied according the tables in the code.

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
5.4 Beam
Beams are designed for ULS combinations and checked for SLS. Critical force values used in the
design and design calculations are shown as follows;

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project
Calculations for the beam are as follows;

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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 ERC AKH Railway Project

TYPICAL WATER TANK

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