Digital signal processing

Dr. Saad Muhi Falih

 CHAPTER 2

Z - Transform

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 Inverse z-transform
The inverse Z –transforms can be obtained by
using any one of the following methods.
• Expansion into a series of z
– Long division method
• Partial fraction method
• Direct evaluation by contour integration

3
 Long division method
Example 1: Determine the inverse z-transform
of
1
X ( z) 
3 1 1 2
1 z  z
2 2

4
 3 1 7 2 15 3
a 1  z  z  z  ...
3 1 1 2 2 4 8
1 z  z 1
2 2
3 1 1 2
1 z  z
2 2
3 1 1 2
0 z  z
2 2
3 1 9 2 3 3
z  z  z
2 4 4
7 2 3 3
0 z  z
4 4
7 2 21 3 7 4
z  z  z
4 8 8
15 3 45 4 15 5
0 z  z  z
8 16 16
 3 1 7 2 15 3
 X ( z )  1  z  z  z  ...
2 4 8

 3 7 15 
 x(n)  1 , , , , ...
 2 4 8 
b
1 2 3 1 2 z 2
6 z  3
14 z  ... 4

z  z 1 1
2 2
1  3z  2 z 2

0  3z  2 z 2
3z  9 z  6 z
2 3

0  7z  6z
2 3

7 z  21z  14 z
2 3 4

0  15 z  14 z
3 4
 X ( z )  2 z  6 z  14 z  ...
2 3 4

 x(n)  .... , 14 , 6 , 2 , 0 , 0
 Long division method
Example 2: Determine the inverse z-transform
of the causal signal
1
X( z )  1 2
1  1.5z  0.5z
Solution: By dividing the numerator of X(z) by its
denominator, we obtain the power series
1 3 1 7 2 15 3 31  4
3 1 2
 1  z  z  z  16 z  ...
1 2 z  2 z
1 2 4 8

 x[n] = [1, 3/2, 7/2, 15/8, 31/16,…. ]

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 Long division method
Example 3:Determine the inverse z - transform
of casual signal 1
4 z
X (z) 
2  2 z 1  z  2
By dividing the numerator of X(z) by its
denominator, we obtain the power series

1 2 3
 X ( z )  2  1.5 z  0.5 z  0.25 z  ...

 x[n] = [2, 1.5, 0.5, 0.25, …..]

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 3 1 1 2 1 3
2  z  z  z  ...
2 2 4
2  2 z 1  z 2 4  z 1

4  4 z 1  2 z 2
0  3z 1  2 z 2
1 3 3
2
3z  3z  z
2
2 3 3
0 z  z
2
2 3 1  4
z z  z
2
1 3 1  4
0  z  z
2 2 11