NTEG VZÇXE@A

@ZEGKÎGP
VGZG VGEP D @TEHGHAZDP HD

VDWTDKGP
DO XDOVAP HD
@AZAKGSÏZTP
 EKXZAHTÎÀA

G pgkhdoeg hg @ASEH-75 ndrau ouhgkîgs kg rakg hd tahgs gs cgoïiegs,

prek`epgiodktd do cukîàa hg rd`aodkhgîàa hd ﬇`gr do `gsg. A `gk-
`digodkta hgs guigs prdsdk`eges, g passejeiehghd hd trgjgiba æ hestêk`eg d g
heoekueîàa hgs gvehghds hd igzdr carg hd `gsg pahdo sdr dstrdssgktds
pgrg tahas, dspd`egiodktd pgrg gs `regkîgs pdqudkgs.

Giåo ha dstrdssd karogi hdstd oaodkta, ha sdkodkta hd eksdnurgk

eksdnurgkîg,
îg,
hg hüvehg sajrd a tdopa hd hurgîàa hg pgkhdoeg d hg ouhgkîg tatgi au
pgr`egi hg rakg, bç uo hdsg﬇a g oges pgrg pges d `uehghards hd `regkîgs
pdqudkgs< `aoa iehgr `ao odu(s) ﬇iba(s) hdktra hd `gsg1

Gs carogs `aoa gs `regkîgs pdqudkgs iehgo `ao a dstrdssd hg ouhgkîg

hg rakg sàa vgreghgs. Do ginuks `gsas, pges d `uehghards pahdo katgr
ouhgkîgs hd `aopartgodkta hg `regkîg, tges `aoa< ogear erretgjeiehghd
(cgzdr jerrg `ao oges crdquìk`eg, qudrdr jgtdr kas pges d `uehghards au
eroàas), ogear ekquedtgîàa (dstgr oges gnetgha, `ao ogear he﬇`uihghd do
pgrgr quedta d sd ogktdr `ak`dktrgha do uog gvehghd), pdher oges gluhg
au gtdkîàa qud a hd `astuod, qudrdr `aia `ao oges crdquìk`eg, sd oastrgr
oges gkseasa au trestd d gprdsdkt
gprdsdktgr
gr ouhgkîgs ka saka d kg gieodktgîàa.

Pgjdoas eopartêk`eg has ghuitas kg vehg d kg gprdkhez

gprdkhezgndo
gndo hgs `regkîgs,
prek`epgiodktd do setugîôds dstrdssgktds. Var essa, prapaoas dstg `gribg
pgrg gluhgr pges d `uehghards hd `regkîgs pdqudkgs (gtå trìs gkas) g
iehgrdo `ao passïvdes setugîôds hdsg﬇ghargs kdssd oaodkta hd pgk-
hdoeg. Kg `gribg, gprdsdktgrdoas setugîôds `ao gs quges va`ì pahd sd
ehdk﬇`gr d erdoas sundrer gîôds pgrg qud tgkta as ghuitas qugkta gs
`regkîgs pdqudkgs dkcrdktdo as hdsg﬇as hdssd oaodkta hg odibar og-
kderg passïvdi.

6:
 HDPDKSAISEODKXA
EKCGKXEI

Gktds hgs he`gs pgrg iehgr `ao gs he﬇`uihghds do tdopas hd pgkhdoeg,

vgoas gprdsdktgr ginuogs `grg`tdrïs`gs qud ogr`go g cgsd ha kgs`eodk-
ta gtå as 0 gkas.

A hdsdkvaiveodkta ekcgki å uog sdquìk`eg hd ouhgkîgs d gprdkhezghas

qud g`aktd`do æ odhehg qud gs `regkîgs `rds`do. Xges ouhgkîgs g`aktd-
`do ka `arpa hgs `regkîgs d tgojåo kg carog `aoa digs pdksgo, ido-
jrgo, dktdkhdo, cgigo, sdktdo d sd rdig`eakgo `ao gs autrgs pdssags.

Do uo oaodkta he`ei `aoa a qud dstgoas vevdkha, pges d `uehghards

pahdo tdr he﬇`uihghds pgrg iehgr `ao as `aopartgodk
`aopartgodktas
tas hgs `regkîgs ka
heg g heg. Idojrd-sd qud dstd å uo oaodkta qud va`ì tdrç oges `aktgta
`ao g `regkîg d pahdrç katgr `aopartgodktas qud kàa g`aktd`ego kg sug
prdsdkîg gktds hg pgkhdoeg. Dssds `aopartgodktas kàa kd`dssgregodktd
ekhe`go qud g `regkîg kàa dstç jdo. Å eopartgktd prdstgr gtdkîàa kg
carog d kg qugkhghd qud a`arrdo. Pd cardo oueta cartds au oueta crd-
qudktds å ekhe`gha jus`gr gpaea hd uo pra﬇sseakgi dspd`egiezgha, `aoa
pdhegtrg au pse`ðiana. Vdksgkha kessa, prdpgrgoas
prdpgrgoas uog iestg hd `aopar-

tgodktas qud sàa karoges d dspdrghgs pgrg `regkîgs ha kgs`eodkta gas

trìs gkas.

60
 HA KGP@EODKXA
GAP 72 ODPDP

◁ @bargo, gnetgo as jrgîas d gs pdrkgs pgrg hdoakstrgr hds`akcarta

(par dxdopia< har, `gksgîa, caod, crea, `giar d sdhd), do setugîôds kavgs
au kg prdsdkîg hd dstrgkbas
◁ Hdsdkvaivdo uog rdigîàa cartd
cartd `ao gs pdssags rdspaksçvdes pdia sdu
`uehgha (par dxdopia< oàd, pge, gvð, jgjç au pracdssarg) d pahdo
﬇`gr g﬊etgs qugkha sàa sdpgrghgs hdigs.
◁ Hdoakstrgo prgzdr d gidnreg sarrekha, jgiju`egkha d cgzdkha
cgzdkha jgruibas.
◁ Nastgo oueta hd gtdkîàa
gtdkîàa qugkha cgzdo gina jao, `aoa rd`djdr
gpigusas.
◁ Ce`go erretghgs
erretghgs qugkha
qugkha kàa rd`djdo a qud qudrdo qugkhaqugkha pdhdo
(par dxdopia<
dxdopia < sd langr ka `bàa, oarhdr
oarhd r, jgtdr,
jgtdr, nretgr, `bargr,
`bargr, dt`.).
dt`.) .
◁ Wugkha car `akvdrsgr
`akvdrsgr `ao g `regkîg, idojrd-sd hd sd pase`eakgr kg
giturg hdig, paes cg`eietg g `aouke`gîàa, praoavd `akdxàa d praxeoehghd.

IDOJZDPD<
A `bara å g carog `aoa as jdjìs d gs `regkîgs pdqudkgs
`aouke`go qugkha gina kàa dstç jdo. Digs gekhg dstàa sd
hdsdkvaivdkha d gprdkhdràa, `ao a tdopa, g usgr gs pgig-
vrgs pgrg `aouke`gr a qud pdksgo d sdktdo. Var essa, å
eopartgktdd as pges gluhgrdo gs `regkîgs g sd `aouke`gr
eopartgkt `aouke`grdo.
do.

PDLG VG@ED KXD

68
 HAP 72 GAP
03 ODPDP

◁ @aodîgo g cgzdr
cgzdr ginuogs `aesgs sdo tgktg gluhg
gluhg has ghuitas (par
dxdopia< jdjdr çnug d `aodr sazekbgs) d g hezdr ’KÀA‟.
◁ Wudrdo qud tahgs gs sugs vaktghds
vaktghds sdlgo gtdkhehgs
gtdkhehgs eodhegtgodktd
eodhegtgodktd
(pdngr ajldtas, er g iungrds, gieodktgîàa, tdopa crdktd g tdigs,
jrekqudhas, dt`). Wugkha essa kàa g`aktd`d, tdkhdo g hdoakstrgr
hds`aktdktgodkta d rgevg gtrgvås ha `bara, nreta d gnetgîàa `arpargi.
◁ Xìo
Xìo uog kaîàa oueta cartd ha qud å sdu. Wudo kuk`g auveu hd uog
`regkîg pdqudkg< ’Esta gque å odu!‟1
◁ Gekhg tìo
tìo he﬇`uihghds hd dxprdssgr a qud sdktdo `ao pgigvrgs.
◁ Tiezgo g jerrg pgrg oastrgr qugkha dstàa `gksghgs, crustrghgs
au `ao rgevg.

IDOJZDPD<
Gs `regkîgs gprdkhdo `ao as ghuitas, dspd`egiodktd `ao
as pges d `uehghards, g dktdkhdr d g hgr kaod pgrg a qud
sdktdo (p. dx., rgevg, trestdzg d gidnreg). Kàa bç kghg oges
eopartgktd pgrg gs `regkîgs ha qud `akvevdr d gprdkhdr `ao
as ghuitas.

PDLG
PD LG TO OAHDIA
OA HDIA VAPEXESA
VA PEXESA

64
 HDPDKSAISEODKXA
EKCGKXEI

As ’`aopartgodktas he`des‟ cgzdo pgrtd ha hdsdkvaive-

odkta hgs `regkîgs parqud digs kàa kgs`drgo sgjdkha. Digs
dstàa gprdkhdkha a tdopa taha d kðs saoas as prek`epges
oahdias.

A qud va`ì dstç dksekgkha pgrg as sdus ﬇ibas

au pgrg gs `regkîgs qud dstàa par pdrta1

PDZ TO OAHDIA VAPEXESA Å

PD OAPXZGZ GJDZXA VGZG DKXDKHDZ
GP DRVZDPPÔDP HGP @ZEGKÎGP
D EK@DKXES
EK@ DKXESGZ
GZ G @AOTKE@GÎÀ
@AOTKE@GÎÀAA
ODPOA DO OAODKXAP HECÏ@DEP
D DPXZDPPGKXDP
DPXZDPPGKXDP..

63
 HE@GP VGZG IEHG Z @AO
GP HECE@TIHGHDP KA
V D Z Ï A H A H D VG K H D O E G

7.
Kàa dstau `aksdnuekha `ak`eiegr gs hdogkhgs
hg `gsg, ha trgjgiba d has ceibas.
◁ Jusqud dstgjdid`dr uog rakg. Xdkbg
Xdkbg uo `rakanrgog ﬊dxïvdi, ogs
qud gluhd g aredktgr gs gvehghds ha heg. Cgîg uo pigkdlgodkta
hg rakg Vgrg va`ì d uo pgrg g `regkîg. Pgjdr a qud vge g`aktd`dr
gluhg g `aktraigr g gksedhghd.
◁ Pd puhdr,
puhdr, `aopgribd `ao autras ghuitas gs tgrdcgs hg `gsg d ha
`uehgha `ao g `regkîg pgrg qud va`ì kàa ﬇qud sajrd`grrdngha.
Pd kàa car passïvdi, tdktd tdr oaodktas hd hds`gksa dkqugkta g
`regkîg dstç dkvaivehg `ao ginuog gvehghd.
◁ Sa`ì
Sa`ì pahd ekhe`gr gs gvehghds
gvehghds ha heg `ao hdsdkba
hdsdkbas,
s, catas au nrgvurgs
nrgvurgs

Z A X EK G HA ( G )

OGKBÀ

XGZHD

KAEXD

Igyaut d eiustrgîàa par Ftbeig`drhg>

6>
 Od prda`upa do cgibgr d kàa `aksdnuer prapar
gtevehghds dhu`gtevgs
dhu`gtevgs d `regtevgs a suce`edktd.

:.
◁ Dstd å uo oaodkta
oaodkta hd ghgptgîàa
ghgptgîàa pgrg tahas.
tahas. Kàa sd prda`upd sd
﬊dxejeiezgr rdnrgs. Sa`ì å su﬇`edktd! Kdo tahas as oaodktas prd`esgo
dstgr `bdeas hd gvehghds. Gpravdetd pgrg sd `akd`tgr doa`eakgiodktd
`ao g `regkîg, hgkha kaod d g`aksdibgkha sajrd gs doaîôds. Essa erç
gluhç-ig g iehgr `ao oaodktas hd tåhea d crustrgîàa.
◁ Hdhequd uo oaodkta ha sdu heg gpdkgs pgrg dstgr `ao g `regkîg d
cgzdr gvehghds prgzdrasgs. Vrapakbg jrek`ghdergs d hdhequd uo tdopa
pgrg gvehghds hg ds`aiekbg, sd bauvdr.

0. Od prda`upa qud g `regkîg cequd oueta tdopa kg

crdktd hgs tdigs (`diuigr, `aoputghar, tdidvesàa au tgjidt).
◁ Do cukîàa ha ogear tdopa do `gsg,
`gsg, a `aktgta
`aktgta `ao gs tdigs pahd
guodktgr. Å eopartgktd oaketargr a tdopa d a `aktdüha, jdo `aoa

acdrd`dr
hevdrhgsautrgs gvehghds
ka ﬇kgi (gprdsdktgoas
(gprdsdktg
hdstg `gribg) . oas uog iestg hd gvehghds

◁ Pd car gssesr tdidvesàa `ao g `regkîg, dvetd

`aktdühas
`aktdüh as hd ektdrds
ektdrdssd
sd hd ghuitas (tdidlarkgi,
﬇iods, dt`.) d hì prearehghd pgrg pranrgogs
pranrgogs
dhu`gvas
dhu`gv as d ghdqughas æ ehghd hg `regkîg.

62
 Xdkba od sdkteha oges trestd, gkseasa,
dstrdssgha… Kàa qudra qud essa ektdrcerg

8.
kg oekbg rdigîàa `ao g `regkîg.
◁ Kàa tdktd sdr pdrcdeta. Vges d `uehghards tgojåo tìo herdeta g hegs
rueks d g drrgr do ginuks oaodktas. Pd va`ì g`gjgr sd erretgkha, dvetd
taogr hd`esôds prd`epetghgs d gner par eopuisa. Xuha
Xuha jdo prd`esgr hd
uo tdopa pgrg sd g`giogr.
g`giogr. Paoas tahas buogkas d gs doaîôds cgzdo
pgrtd hdssg dxpdreìk`eg.
◁ Idojrd-sd qud nretgr
nretgr d jgtdr sàa `aopartgodktas
`aopartgodktas qud
qud pahdo peargr as
prajidogs. Aptd par `akvdrsgr `ao g `regkîg sajrd passïvdes
`aksdquìk`egs ha `aopartgodkta ekghdqugha hd carog seopids
d jrdvd.
◁ Dianed d hì gtdkîàa gas jaks `aopartgodktas hg `regkîg. Essa cgrç `ao
qud dig sd sektg jdo d guodktg g `bgk`d ha jao `aopartgodkta
g`aktd`dr kavgodktd.
◁ Pd `aksdnuer, dxprdssd a qud sdktd pgrg g `regkîg. Oastrd qud va`ì
tgojåo sd sdktd trestd au crustrgha do ginuks oaodktas d qud kàa bç
prajidogs kessa.
◁ Jusqud pdr`djdr a qud td cgz pdrhdr g pg`eìk`eg. Gs he`gs gprdsdktg
gprdsdktghgs
hgs
ka qughra kg prðxeog pçnekg pahdo gluhgr ka oaodkta do qud
prd`esgoas kas g`giogr<

65
Pgeg ha gojedktd (hdexgkha g `regkîg sdnurg odsoa sdo g
sug prdsdkîg). Saitd g sug gtdkîàa pgrg a oaodkta prdsdktd. Sa`ì pahd
tdktgr hds`rdvdr a gojedktd akhd dstç, a sgjar hd ginuo gieodkta au g
tdxturg hd uo ajldta. Dstg å uog tå`ke`g qud gluhg qugkha prd`esgoas
kas hestrger
`aktraigr ha qud kasekspergkha
g rdspergîàa cgz pdrhdrd gdxpergkha
pg`eìk`eg.hdSa`ì tgojåo
carog idktg dpahd tdktgr
pracukhg.

Ehdk﬇qud as pdksgodktas rueks qud dstàa

do sug odktd d tdktd kàa gner hd g`arha `ao dids (kàa glg par eopuisa!),
idojrgkha qud sàa gpdkgs pdksgodktas d qud vàa pgssgr
pgs sgr..

Vrç`g hd odhetgîàa< dk`aktrd uog pasturg `akcartçvdi a

su﬇`edktd pgrg ogktdr kas prðxeoas oekutas. Sa`ì pahd cd`bgr as aibas au ogktì-ias
sdoe-gjdrtas. Saitd
Saitd g sug gtdkîàa pgrg g sug rdspergîàa. Sa`ì kàa prd`esg ouhgr kghg,
gpdkgs pdr`djg a qud dstç a`arrdkha ka oaodkta prdsdktd. Ieoetd-sd g ekspergr d
dxpergr. Vdr`djg passïvdes sdkodktas au pdksgodktas qud passgo a`arrdr, `aoa
qudo ajsdrvg uog pgesgndo. Jusqud ogktdr uog pasturg ektdrkg hd `ureasehghd d
gjdrturg pgrg g dxpdreìk`eg, sdlg dig gnrghçvdi au hdsgnrghçvdi. G`aibg g pdssag qud
va`ì å bald, gsseo `aoa va`ì g vì. @aoa tahgs gs pdssags, va`ì dstç cgzdkha a odibar
qud pahd pgrg sdr cdiez d dvetgr qugiqudr sacreodkta. Aibd pgrg se `ao ndkdrasehghd,
`grekba d rdspdeta, pdroekha-sd dstgr hg odibar ogkderg passïvdi kg sug prðpreg
pdid. Vdroetg-sd seopidsodktd ajsdrvgr sug dxpdreìk`eg, `aoa dstç sd sdkkha, qugi
g sdksgîàa ndrgi ka sdu `arpa, taogkha `aks`eìk`eg hg sug rdspergîàa d ha sdu `arpa
rdspergkha `aoa uo taha. Gjrg as aibas gas pau`as d rdgiezd ginuks oaveodktas hdie-
`ghas pgrg hdspdrtgr a sdu `arpa (va`ì pahd prg`gr odhetgîàa odsoa qugkha kàa
dsvdr sdo pg`eìk`eg. Dstgr gtdkta æs prðpregs doaîôds pahd sdr üi do vçregs setu -
gîôds).

76
 @aoa passa sgjdr a qud g `regkîg
dstç sdktekha1

4.
◁ Ajsdrvd g `regkîg
`regkîg d ﬇qud gtdkta

gkîg dsvdr `aodkha

gtdkta g passïvdes
passïvdes ouhgkîgs hd
`aopartgodkta, `aoa kg gieodktgîàa d ka saka, par dxdopia. Pd g `re-
`aodkha oges au odkas qud a hd `astuod, au gekhg, sdid-
`eakgr oges as gieodktas au dsvdr `ao oges au odkas saka qud a bg-
jetugi pahd sdr uo sekgi hd qud gina kàa dstç jdo.
◁ Acdrdîg oaodktas do qud g `regkîg passg sd dxprdssgr.
dxprdssgr. Essa pahd
g`aktd`dr hd hecdrdktds carogs, `aoa hgkîgr, `gktgr, hdsdkbgr au
rdgiezgr ginuog jrek`ghderg qud dig nastd.
◁ Sa`ì pahd gluhgr g `regkîg g kaodgr gs prðpregs doaîôds
(dxdopia< ’Sa`ì pgrd`d oges trestd bald‟). Vgrg essa, uiezd eogndks au
hdsdkbas hd rastas `ao dxprdssôds hd doaîàa pgrg cg`eietgr g `aouke-
`gîàa d g ehdk﬇`gîàa has sdkodktas.
◁ Hdexgoas ka ﬇kgi hdssg `gribg uo oahdia hd ogtdregi pgrg sdr uie-
zgha pgrg cgigr sajrd gs doaîôds

IDOJZDPD<
vgiarezd a dscarîa do hgr
a sdu odibar, odsoa qud
gs `aesgs kàa sgego `ak-
carod a pigkdlgha

77
 Gs `regkîgs tdo jrengha dktrd se. @aoa
passa rdsaivdr dssg setugîàa1

3.
◁ Vdroetg qud gs `regkîgs tdktdo rdsaivdr g jreng dktrd digs. Pd a `ak﬊eta
`ak﬊eta
dkvaivdr gnrdssàa vdrjgi (xeknôds, pgigvrôds d nretas) au se`g (tgpgs,
puxôds hd `gjdia, dopurrôds d oarhehgs), sdpgrd gs `regkîgs d `ak-
vdrsd `ao digs sajrd `aoa sd sdktdo d sajrd carogs kàa veaidktgs hd
rdsaivdr as `ak﬊etas, `aoa pdher gluhg g uo ghuita.
◁ Å karogi qud gs `regkîgs pdqudkgs tdkbgo he﬇`uihghds pgrg `aktraigr
`aktraigr
gs doaîôds d rdsaivdr as prajidogs. As oaodktas hd `ak﬊eta sàa
ðogs apartukehghds hd gprdkhezgha sajrd ieoetds, `aouke`gîàa d
sajrd `dhdr do ginuks oaodktas.
◁ Sgiarezd
Sgiarezd as jaks oaodktas!

>>.. Xdkba hece`uihghd pgrg rdspakhdr æs pdrnuktgs

cdetgs pdigs `regkîgs.

◁ `regkîgs
Å eopartgktd
eopartgkt
`aod sdnurgkîg
qud as pgesd dgcdta.
`uehghards rdspakhgo æs pdrnuktgs
`uehghards pdrnuktgs hgs
◁ Peopie﬇qud g ekcarogîàa. Dxpiequd gpdkgs a kd`dssçrea pgrg qud g
hüvehg sdlg rdspakhehg do uog ieknugndo qud g `regkîg `aoprddkhg
(`ak﬇rg gs kassgs he`gs kgs prðxeogs pçnekgs hg `gribg).

7:
 SGID IDO JZGZ<
Pd va`ì au g `regkîg dsvdrdo gprdsdktgkha ou-
hgkîgs ektdksgs d/au pdrsestdktds ka `aopartg-
odkta au ka buoar jusqud uo pra﬇sseakgi hg
sgühd qud passg gluhgr. Ngkbgr au pdrhdr ouetas
queias, haroer ouetgs bargs g oges au g odkas qud
a hd `astuod, tdr rdgîôds dxgndrghgs
dxgndrghgs d kàa bgjetu-
ges crdktd g setugîôds ha `ahegka hd carog rd`ar-
rdktd (`aoa nretgr au `bargr), hdktrd autras, sàa
`aopartgodktas qud pahdo rdprdsdktgr prdluïza
pgrg qudo as gprdsdktg au pgrg qudo `akvevd `ao
g pdssag. Kdssd `gsa, tdkbg `aoa rdcdrìk`eg a sdu
pasta hd sgühd, a pdhegtrg hg `regkîg au jusqud
uo pra﬇sseakgi hg sgühd odktgi (pse`ðiana au
psequegtrg).

70
HE@GP PAJZD @AOA ZDPVAKHDZ
ÆP VDZNTKXGP HGP @ZEGKÎGP

’Var qud du kàa passa jrek`gr `ao as odus(gs) goenas(gs)1‟

’Kðs prd`esgoas ﬇`gr uo tdopa sdo jrek`gr `ao gs `regkîgs carg hd

`gsg pgrg qud tahas ﬇qudo jdo‟.

’Var qud kðs prd`esgoas usgr oçs`grgs1‟

’Kðs prd`esgoas usgr oçs`grgs qugkha sgïoas hd `gsg pgrg kas

ogktdroas pratdnehas kdstd oaodkta. Sa`ì vge vdr qud autrgs pds-
sags tgojåo dstàa usgkha oçs`grgs‟.

’Du vau ce`gr hadktd1‟

’Xahas kðs ﬇`goas hadktds hd vdz do qugkha. Pd va`ì ﬇`gr hadktd,

kðs vgoas `uehgr hd va`ì gtå sd sdkr odibar. As oåhe`as tgojåo
vàa gluhgr sd prd`esgr‟.

78
’Var qud kàa pahdoas vdr g vavð (au autrgs pdssags hd qudo
g `regkîg nastg)1‟
"G vavð (au g pdssag par qudo g `regkîg pdhd) kàa pahd td gjrgîgr
gnarg, ogs dig `akkug td gogkha d sd prda`upgkha oueta `ao
va`ì. Vahdoas cgigr `ao dig par tdidcakd au par vïhda. Sgoas iengr1‟

’Var qud du kàa passa er pgrg g ds`aig1‟

"G sug ds`aig dstç cd`bghg gnarg. G sug pracdssarg d as sdus `aidngs
dstàa do `gsg tgojåo. Wugkha g ds`aig vaitgr g cuk`eakgr, va`ì
pahdrç vaitgr d vdr as sdus goenas. Du vau gvesgr va`ì qugkha essa
g`aktd`dr‟. Gtdkîàa< dvetd dktrgr do hdtgibds sajrd hadkîgs pgrg
qud g `regkîg kàa ﬇qud `ao odha hd vaitgr æ ds`aig.

’Var qud kàa pahdoas sger hd `gsg1 Var qud odus goenas
kàa pahdo ver gque1‟

"Gnarg dxestd uog rdnrg d gs cgoïiegs prd`esgo ﬇`gr do `gsg luktgs.

Esta gluhg g ogktdr g kassg cgoïieg d as kassas goenas sguhçvdes. Du
sde qud å trestd qugkha kàa pahdoas vdr d jrek`gr `ao as kassas
goenas. Ogs bç ouetgs `aesgs hevdrhgs qud pahdoas cgzdr luktas
do `gsg‟.

74
"Kðs kuk`g oges vgoas pahdr sger hd `gsg1"

" Pde qud å `bgta kàa pahdr sger hd `gsg, ogs essa kàa vge hurgr pgrg
sdoprd."

"Var qud dstgoas sdoprd ieopgkha g `gsg1"

"Ogktdr g `gsg ieopg gluhg g kàa ﬇`groas hadktds. Å uog ogkderg

hg ndktd tdktgr sd pratdndr gekhg oges."

"A qud å vïrus1"

"Sïrus å uo je`bekba qud pahd cgzdr g ndktd ﬇`gr hadktd, `aoa

qugkha tdoas nrepd."

Autrg apîàa pgrg cgigr `ao gs `regkîgs sajrd

`arakgvïrus å g @grteibg ’Ogs gcekgi, a qud å a
a `arakgvïrus1‟, `reghg pdia ’A Pbaw hg Iukg!‟.

@IEWTD GWTE VGZG

G@DPPGZ G @GZXEIBG!
au uiezd a sdnuektd iekm< bps<//jet.iy/0ja^d`D

73
 PTNDPXÔDP HD
GXESEHGHDP
Wuges gvehghds pahdoas rdgiezgr do `gsg pgrg jrek`gr d he-
vdrr gs `regkîgs1
Kàa bç kghg oges eopartgktd pgrg gs `regkîgs ha qud jrek`gr
jrek`gr.. Giåo hessa, qugiqudr gve -
hghd ﬇`g oges hevdrhg qugkha gs `regkîgs pdr`djdo a dkvaiveodkta d a dktusegsoa has
pges d `uehghards. Dstd å a oaodkta hd dxdr`etgr g `regvehghd d pdroer qud a gojedktd
hg `gsg sdlg dxpiargha. Gprdsdktgoas uog iestg hd jrek`ghdergs qud pahdo gluhgr g
dktrdtdr
dktrdt dr gs `regkîgs (d as pges d `uehghards)<

◁ Idr d `aktgr bestðregs=

◁ Jrek`gr hd oïoe`g=
◁ Ds`akhdr ajldtas kg `gsg pgrg ’`gîgr
’`gîgr a tdsaura‟ `ao gs `regkîgs=
◁ Oaktgr qudjrg-`g
qudjrg-`gjdîg=
jdîg=
◁ @akstruer jrekqudhas `ao su`gtg=
◁ Xrgkscarogr utdksïieas haoås`as do jrekqudhas (p. dx., pgkdigs, patds, tgopgs,
jgihds, dt`.)=
◁ Jrek`gr hd ds`akhd-ds`akhd (hdktra
(hdktra hd `gsg)=
◁ Oaktgr uo g`gopgodkta do ginuo `øoaha hg `gsg=
◁ Cgzdr rd`detgs `ao g gluhg hgs `regkîgs=
◁ Ek`iuer gs `regkîgs do gvehghds haoås`gs qud sdlgo ghdqughgs pgrg g ehghd=
◁ Hdsdkbgr d `aiarer=
◁ Hgkîgr d puigr=
◁ Ds`utgr oüse`g d `gktgr=
◁ Gssesr g ﬇iods (`ao `aktdüha ghdqugha pgrg g ehghd hg `regkîg)=
◁ Jrek`gr hd ogssekbg hd oahdigr=
◁ @regr oaodktas hd hds`aktrgîàa do `gsg (p. dx., ’barg ha `ekdog‟, ’g`gopgodkta kg
sgig‟, ’lgktgr dspd`egi‟=
◁ Xarkgr hevdrha a oaodkta hd igvgr gs oàas au taogr jgkba (p. dx., `aiaqud uog
oüse`g d acdrdîg æ `regkîg uo sgjakdtd `ao `bderekba nastasa).
◁ Vdroer qud g `regkîg dxpiard a gojedktd hg `gsg, hdexgkha-a ektdrdssgktd
ektdrdssgktd (`aoa `aigr
hdsdkbas kg pgrdhd) d sdnura (gcgstgr ajldtas `artgktds).

7>
 ZDCDZÌK@EGP

Gkswdrekn Uaur Uaukn @beih―s Wudsaks Gjaut @arakgverus. (:6:6) . Zd`updrgha hd bps<//www.zdrata -
tbrdd.arn/rdsaur`ds/0:34-gkswdrekn-yaur-
tbrdd.arn/rdsaur`ds/0:34-gkswdrekn-yaur-yaukn-`beih-s-quds
yaukn-`beih-s-qudsaks-gjaut-`ar
aks-gjaut-`arakgverus
akgverus
Jgrtid, L. H., Nreffk, L., & Xbaosak, H. (:6:6). Zd`aodkhgîôds pgrg gpaegr a jdo-dstgr doa`eakgi hgs `regkîgs
hurgktd g pgkhdoeg hg @ASEH-75. Zd`updrgha hd bps<//www.co`sv.arn.jr/pt-JZ/jejieatd`g/rd`aodk-
hg`ads-gpaegr-jdo-dstgr
hg`ads-gpaegr- jdo-dstgr-doa`eakgi-`regk`gs-pgkhdoeg-`a
-doa`eakgi-`regk`gs-pgkhdoeg-`aveh-75/
veh-75/
@dktdr ak tbd Hdvdiapekn @beih, Bgrvgrh Tkevdrsety. (:6:6). Baw ta Puppart @beihrdk (gkh Uaursdic) hurekn tbd
@ASEH-75 Autjrdgm. Zd`updrgha hd bps<//hdvdiapekn`beih.bgrvgrh.dhu/rdsaur`ds/baw-ta-sup-
part-`beihrdk-gkh-yaursdic
part-`beihrdk-gkh-yaursdic-hurekn-tbd-`aveh-75-autjr
-hurekn-tbd-`aveh-75-autjrdgm/
dgm/
@apekn wetb g hesgstdr ar Xrguog` Dvdkt< Xgmekn @grd ac yaur doaakgi bdgitb. (:6:6). Zd`updrgha hd
bps<//dodrndk`y
bps<//dodr ndk`y.`h`.nav/`apekn/sdic`grd
.`h`.nav/`apekn/sdic`grd.gsp
.gsp
@arakgverus (@ASEH-75)< Vbyse`gi hestgk`ekn gkh cgoeiy wdiijdekn. (:6:6). Zd`updrgha hd bps<//rgesekn`bei-
hrdk.kdt.gu/nuehds/`arakgverus-
hrdk.kdt.gu/nuehds/`arakgverus-`aveh-75-nuehd/`ara
`aveh-75-nuehd/`arakgverus-pbys
kgverus-pbyse`gi-hestgk`ekn-gkh-c
e`gi-hestgk`ekn-gkh-cgoeiy-wdiijdekn
goeiy-wdiijdekn
Hgeiy Iecd & @apekn< Ptrdss gkh `apekn. (:6:6). Zd`updrgha hd bps<//www.`h`.nav/`arakgverus/:675-k`av/hge -
iy-iecd-`apekn/ogkgnekn-strdss-gkxedty
iy-iecd-`apekn/ogkgnekn-strdss-gkxedty.btoi
.btoi
A Pbaw hg Iukg (:6:6). Ogs g﬇kgi, a qud å a @arakgvïrus1 Zd`updrgha
Zd`updrgha hd bp<//www.asbawhgiukg.`ao.jr/`gri
bp<//www.asbawhgiukg.`ao.jr/`gri-
bg`arakgverus.phc
Aievderg, I. (:6:6). Baod aff`d< `aoa trgjgibgr `ao gs `regkîgs do `gsg1 Zd`updrgha hd bps<//n7.nia -
ja.`ao/﬇qud-do-`gsg/ka`eg/:6:6/60/06/baod-aff`d-`aoa-trgjgibgr
ja.`ao/﬇qud-do-`gsg/ka `eg/:6:6/60/06/baod-aff`d-`aoa-trgjgibgr-`ao-gs-`regk`gs-do-
-`ao-gs-`regk`gs-do-`gsg.nbtoi
`gsg.nbtoi
Vgrigmegk, Z. (:6:6). Vgrdkkn Hurekn @arakgverus< Uau Grd Dkaunb. Zd`updrgha hd bps<//www.pjs.arn/pgr -
dkts/tbrevd/pgrdkkn-hurekn-`arakg
dkts/tbrevd/pgrdk kn-hurekn-`arakgverus-yau-grd
verus-yau-grd-dkaunb
-dkaunb
Vgrigmegk, Z. (:6:6).
(:6:6) . Vgrdkkn ek tbd od ac `arakgverus gkh sa`egi hestgk`ekn. Zd`updrgha hd bps<//www.﬇rsb
bps<//www.﬇rsb-
ekns﬇rst.arn/﬇rst-tbekns/pgrdkkn-ek-tb
ekns﬇rst.arn/﬇rst -tbekns/pgrdkkn-ek-tbd-od-ac-
d-od-ac-`arakgverus/
`arakgverus/
Zahrenuds, P. H. (:6:6). @aoa ogktdr g sgühd odktgi hgs `regkîgs d sugs cgoïiegs kg qugrdktdkg. Zd`updrgha hd
bps<//www.gjdkdpe.arn.jr/:6:6/60/`aoa-ogkt
bps<//www .gjdkdpe.arn.jr/:6:6/60/`aoa-ogktdr-g-sguhd-
dr-g-sguhd-odktgi-hgs-`regk`gs-
odktgi-hgs-`regk`gs-d-sugs-cgo
d-sugs-cgoeiegs-kg-qugrdktd
eiegs-kg-qugrdktdkg/
kg/
Zasgkjgio, M. H., & Ourrgy, H. ^. (:672). @a-rdnuigak crao jertb tbraunb yaukn ghuitbaah< G prg``d jredc. Humd
Tkevdrsety, 7‐76. Zd`updrgha hd< bp<//www.g`c.bbs.nav/pranrgos/aprd/rdsaur`d/sdic-
Pgetg, I., & Gzdvdha, K. @akstruîàa hd Jrekqudhas pgrg @regkîgs Vdqudkgs. Zd`updrgha do :> hd Gjrei, :6:6, hd
ps<//vdr-`rds`dr.ogei`beopsetds.`ao/1฀`ieh?EwGZ:SEhG77LG -
La^-i`rB-Olv7A`WSVSLv^-R-DNxB0BOdPw7l>>zjsoW2jta
Peivg, L. (:66>). Vgrdkts Zgesekn Pgcd Mehs< G@X 2-wddm pranrgo car pgrdkts. ^gsbekntak, H@< Godre`gk Vsy`baiane`gi
Gssa`egak.
Xrguog gkh Ptrdss (:6:6).
( :6:6). Zd`updrgha hd bps<//www
bps<//www.zdratatbr
.zdratatbrdd.arn/dgriy-hdv
dd.arn/dgriy-hdvdiapodkt/trguog-gk
diapodkt/trguog-gkh-strdss
h-strdss
Sgs`ak`dias, G. N., & Kgs`eodkta, D. Ha. (:673). Xdareg Oavg`eakgi ha @apekn< To oahdia bedrçrque`a d hdsdk -
vaiveodktgi. Gvgieg`ga
Gvgieg`ga Vse`aiane`g, 74, >>‐2>. bps<//hae.arn/76.74325/gp.:673.74dd.62
^aah, H. I., Ngrkdr, G. P., & Pbakmast, L. V. (:67:). Xbd Iecdiakn Dstd`ts ac Dgriy @beihbaah Ghvdrsety gkh Xaxe` Ptrdss
gjstrg`t. Godre`gk G`ghdoy ac Vdhegtre`s, (Lgkugry). bps<//hae.arn/76.748:/pdhs.:677-:330

72
 GTXAZDP

Gkdiesd Odurdr Zdkkdr< Vse`ðiang. Dspd`egiestg do Xdrgpeg @ankeva-@aopartgodktgi.

Odstrd d Hautargkhg
Nrupa hd do Vse`aianeg
Vdsquesg Kdura`eìk`eg (VT@ZP),
Gcdvg jaisestg @GVDP. Vdsquesgharg gssa`eghg ga
d Xrgksndrg`eakgiehghd.

Doeiiy P`bu`b Ogrks< Vse`ðiang. Odstrgkhg do Vse`aianeg (VT@ZP), jaisestg @GVDP.

Vdsquesghargg gssa`eghg ga Nrupa hd Vdsquesg Kdura`eìk`eg Gcdvg d Xrgksndr
Vdsquesghar rgksndrg`eakgiehghd.
g`eakgiehghd.

Nrg`egkg Pgk`batdkd Sgigkhra< Vse`ðiang. Vdsquesgharg gssa`eghg ga Nrupa hd Vdsquesg

Gvgiegîàa do Jdo-Dstgr d Pgühd Odktgi. Vdsquesgharg gssa`eghg ga Kü`ida hd Dstuhas
sajrd Cgoïieg d Ekstueîôds Dhu`g`eakges d Pa`eges.

Luiegkg Ogrmus< Nrghugkhg do Vse`aianeg (VT@ZP). Dspd`egiestg do Herdeta Gojedktgi

Kg`eakgi d Ektdrkg`eakgi (TCZNP). Jg`bgrdi do Herdeta (VT@ZP).

Luiegkg Kedhdrgudr ^dehd< Vse`ðiang. Dspd`egiestg do Ak`a-bdogtaianeg (TC@PVG/EP@O-

VG). Odstrgkhg do Vse`aianeg (VT@ZP), jaisestg @GVDP. Vdsquesgharg gssa`eghg ga Nrupa
hd Vdsquesg Gvgiegîàa do Jdo-Dstgr d Pgühd Odktgi.

Iu`egkg Seiig Sdrhd< Nrghugkhg do Vse`aianeg (VT@ZP). Dspd`egiestg do Ieknuïs`g ha tdxta

(TCZNP). Jg`bgrdi do @aouke`gîàa Pa`egi (VT@ZP).

Vres`eig Igwrdkz< Vse`ðiang. Odstrd d Hautargkhg do Vse`aianeg (VT@ZP), jaisestg @KVq.

Vdsquesgharg gssa`eghg ga Nrupa hd Vdsquesg Seaiìk`eg, Suikdrgjeiehghd d Ektdrvdkîôds
@iïke`gs.

^gnkdr hd Igrg Og`bgha< Vse`ðiana. Vracdssar Hautar ha Vranrgog hd Vðs-Nr

Vðs-Nrghugîàa
ghugîàa do
Vse`aianeg (VT@ZP), `aarhdkghar ha Nrupa hd Vdsquesg Gvgiegîàa do Jdo-Dstgr d Pgühd
Odktgi.

75
@AOA @EXGZ DPXD HA@TODKXA
Zdkkdr, G. O. dt gi. (:6:6). Nueg prç`a pgrg pges d `uehghards hd `regkîgs pdqudkgs do
Zdkkdr,
tdopas hd `arakgvïrus. Varta Gidnrd.

DKHDZDÎAP DIDXZØKE@AP HG CAZÎGXGZDCG

Cg`djaam.`ao/฀pse`avehg

Xwedr.`ao/฀pse`avehg
Ekstgnrgo.`ao/pse`avehg
฀pse`avehgFnogei.`ao

@ZEGÎÀA HD GZXD
Dstd ogtdregi cae eiustrgha d hegnrgogha par Xbegna Ig`drhg.
Ig` drhg.

jdbgk`d.kdt/tbeig`drhg>
tbegna.o.ig`drhgFnogei.`ao
47 52702>07
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