MINOR LOSSES IN PIPES

𝑉1 −𝑉2 2
• Loss of energy due to sudden enlargement, ℎ𝑒 =
2𝑔

𝑉2 2
• Loss of energy due to sudden contraction, ℎ𝑐 = 0.5
2𝑔

𝑉2
• Loss of energy at the entrance to a pipe, ℎ𝑖 = 0.5
2𝑔

𝑉2
• Loss of energy at the exit from a pipe, ℎ𝑜 =
2𝑔

• Loss of energy due to gradual contraction or enlargement, ℎ𝑙 =

𝑘 𝑉1 −𝑉2 2
2𝑔

𝑘𝑉 2
• Loss of energy in the bends, ℎ𝑏 =
2𝑔
𝑘𝑉 2
• Loss of energy in various pipe fittings, ℎ𝑙 =
2𝑔

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING