39. Three shafts are made and assembled into a linkage.

The length of each shaft, in

centimeters, is distributed as follows:

𝑛 𝑛
linkage 𝑁 (∑ 𝜇𝑖 , ∑ 𝜎𝑖2 )
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
Shaft 1 𝑁(60, 0.09)
Shaft 2 𝑁(40, 0.05)
Shaft 3 𝑁(50, 0.11)

[Hint: If {𝑋𝑖 } are 𝑛 independent normal random variables, and if {𝑋𝑖 } has mean 𝜇𝑖
and variance 𝜎𝑖2 , then the sum
𝑌 = 𝑋1 + 𝑋1 +. . . +𝑋1

is normal with mean ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝜇𝑖 and variance ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝜎𝑖2 ]

Solution:

Let the length of the 𝑖th shaft donate 𝑋

Let the linkage formed by 𝑖 shafts donate 𝑌.

And because the 𝑋𝑖 is normally distributed we can solve the problem as the following:

(a) What is the distribution of the length of the linkage?

the linkage, denoted as Y, formed by the three shafts is expressed as...

𝑛 𝑛
𝑌~𝑁 (∑ 𝜇𝑖 , ∑ 𝜎𝑖2 )
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
From above table:

𝑌~𝑁(60 + 40 + 50,0.09 + 0.05 + 0.11)

𝑌~𝑁(150,0.25)
 (b) What is the probability that the linkage will be longer than 150.2 centimeters?

150.2 − 150
P(Y > 150.2) = 1 − Φ [ ] = .3446
0.5
= 1 − Φ[0.4] = 0.3446
= 1 − 0.6554 = 0.3446

In the given expression, Φ is typically represents the cumulative distribution function

(CDF) of the standard normal distribution.
The value Φ[(150.2−150)/0.5] is the standard normal z-score corresponding to the
value 150.2 in a distribution with mean 150 and standard deviation 0.5.

(c) The tolerance limits for the assembly are (149.83, 150.21). What proportion of
assemblies are within the tolerance limits?

150.21 − 150 149.83 − 150

P(149.83 ≤ Y ≤ 150.2) = Φ [ ] − Φ[ ]
0.5 0.5
= Φ[0.42] − Φ[−0.34]
= 0.6628 − 0.3668
= 0.296