BMC Cement Lec-2

AE-JE Exams Civil
BMC - Cement
Crack In 2024
Email : Shubham.Agarwal.faculty@testbook.com
Daily Class Time: 8PM
05/Jan/2024
SSC JE CE – Building Materials & Construction
Building Materials & Construction
Cement & Concrete

Bricks
Timber
Stones
Paints & Varnish
Mortar
Glass, Pozzolana
Masonry Work
Roofing
Underpinning & Scaffolding
BMC | Cement | AE JE Exams | 8PM | Lec-1 |
Manufacturing of Cement
The manufacture procedures of Portland cement is
described below:
1. Mixing of raw material
2. Burning
3. Grinding
4. Storage and packaging
The major raw materials used in the manufacture
of cement are Calcium, Silica, Iron and Aluminum.
Calcareous Materials Argillaceous Materials
Calcium Silica Alumina Iron

Limestone Clay Clay Clay
Marl Marl Shale Iron ore
Calcite Sand Fly ash Shale

Argillaceous
Calcareous Stones
Stones
Primary Crushing Primary Crushing

Dry Process
Grinding Mill
Temperature
Rotary Klin
1400 – 1500°C
Clinker
Clinker Grinding
Gypsum
Mill
Cement Silos
Pack & Supply

Argillaceous
Calcareous Stones
Stones
Primary Crushing Primary Crushing

Wet Process
Slurry of Mix
Temperature
Rotary Klin
1400 – 1500°C
Clinker
Clinker Grinding
3% Gypsum
Mill
Cement Silos
Pack & Supply

Dry Process Wet Process
Calcareous Stones
Used When Raw Material
is too Hard
The Process is Slow Less Efforts Required
Product is Costly Economical
Water is added to make a Water is added to

thick paste (14% make a thick paste
Moisture) (40% Moisture)
Temperature Temperature
1400 – 1500 C 1500 – 1600 C
There are two methods : Wet
Criteria Dry Process
Process
1. Dry Process
Fuel Consumption Less More
2. Wet Process Quality Inferior Superior
Cost of Production High Low
Overall Cost Costly Cheaper
Physical State Raw Mix Slurry

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Test in Cement
1. Fineness Test
1. Sieve Test
The standard value of fineness of cement should not be more than
10% as per IS Recommendations.

Fineness ,
Characteristic
(Maximum)
OPC Cement 10%
RHC Cement 5%
PPC Cement 5%
Test in Cement
1. Fineness Test
2. Air Permeability Test (Blaine’s Apparatus)
• It is seen that fineness of the cement increases the surface

area.
• If the Surface area is increased, then water will find more

space to react with the cement.
Test in Cement
1. Fineness Test
2. Air Permeability Test
• It is expressed in terms of surface area per unit weight.
Fineness
Type of Cement
(Minimum )
OPC Cement 225 m2/kg
RHC Cement 325 m2/kg
LHC Cement 325 m2/kg
PPC Cement 300 m2/kg
SSC Cement 400 m2/kg
Test in Cement
1. Consistency Test
• This test is performed to find the moisture content which is
require to produce cement paste of standard consistency.
• Water content corresponding to this is noted and it is refereed

as P.
Test in Cement
1. Consistency Test
2. Initial & Final Setting Time Test
Characteristic OPC 33 OPC 43 OPC 53
Initial Setting Time , Min 30 min 30 min 30 min
Final Setting Time, Max 10 Hours 10 Hours 10 Hours

Test in Cement
1. Consistency Test
1. Unsoundness Due to Lime (Le-Chatlier’s Apparatus)
• Prepare a paste by adding 0.78 times the cement required
to give a paste of standard consistency.
• Diameter = 30mm OPC , RHC

Characteristic HAC SSC
• Height = 30mm PPC, LHC
Le-Characteristic Expansion , Max 10mm 05mm 05mm

• Legs = 165mm
• Initial Gap = 0.5mm

Test in Cement
1. Consistency Test
2. Unsoundness Due to Magnesia (AutoClave Apparatus)
• This test is sensitive to both lime and magnesia. Characteristic OPC
• In order to perform this test mould of size 25mm × 25 mm Autoclave Expansion, Max 0.8%
× 250 mm
• Steam pressure in auto clave is increased such that the

gauge pressure of 21 kg/cm² is maintained for next 3
hours.
Test in Cement
1. Consistency Test
3. Compressive Strength test (Cube = 70.5mm)
• Prepare a paste by adding (P/4 + 3)% times the Cement
required to give a paste of standard consistency.
• Note down the reading from Compressive testing machine

where the specimen starts failing.
Test in Cement
IS 269
Minimum Compressive Strength

3 Day 16MPa 23MPa 27MPa
Types of Cement
Types of
Cement
Sulphate
High Alumina Hydrophobic Quick Setting Super Sulphated Low Heat
OPC PPC RHC Extra RHC Resisting
Cement Cement Cement Cement Cement
Cement
Types of Cement
1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
• Ordinary Portland Cement is used for general construction
purposes where special properties are not required.
• This cement has great resistance to cracking and shrinkage
but less resistance to chemical attacks.
• They Come in 3 Grades :
• OPC 33
• OPC 43
• OPC 53
IS Code (269 : 2015) 269 269 269

Fineness, Minimum 225m2/kg 225m2/kg 225m2/kg
Setting Time
Initial Setting Time , Min 30 min 30 min 30 min
Final Setting Time, Max 10 Hours 10 Hours 10 Hours
Le-Characteristic Expansion , Max 10mm 10mm 10mm
Autoclave Expansion, Max 0.8% 0.8% 0.8%
Minimum Compressive Strength

Maximum Compressive Strength
28 Day 48MPa 58MPa ------
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AE-JE Exams Civil

Cement & Concrete

Calcareous Materials Argillaceous Materials

Calcium Silica Alumina Iron

Marl Marl Shale Iron ore

Calcite Sand Fly ash Shale

Primary Crushing Primary Crushing

Pack & Supply

Primary Crushing Primary Crushing

Pack & Supply

Product is Costly Economical

Water is added to make a Water is added to

Cost of Production High Low

Overall Cost Costly Cheaper

Physical State Raw Mix Slurry

The standard value of fineness of cement should not be more than

10% as per IS Recommendations.

• It is seen that fineness of the cement increases the surface

• If the Surface area is increased, then water will find more

• It is expressed in terms of surface area per unit weight.

• Water content corresponding to this is noted and it is refereed

Characteristic OPC 33 OPC 43 OPC 53

Initial Setting Time , Min 30 min 30 min 30 min

Final Setting Time, Max 10 Hours 10 Hours 10 Hours

• Diameter = 30mm OPC , RHC

Le-Characteristic Expansion , Max 10mm 05mm 05mm

• Initial Gap = 0.5mm

• Steam pressure in auto clave is increased such that the

• Note down the reading from Compressive testing machine

Characteristic OPC 33 OPC 43 OPC 53

Minimum Compressive Strength

Characteristic OPC 33 OPC 43 OPC 53

Autoclave Expansion, Max 0.8% 0.8% 0.8%

Minimum Compressive Strength

Cost : Rs580 using Code SABOOK on 1book Cost : Rs400 Approx

Error Free Error with Many Answers

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