Measurement

Teaching Mathematics in the Primary Grades

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
a. Discuss the relationships between two unit
measures of time, length, mass, and volume.
b. Convert one unit measure into another.
c. Solve word problems involving the conversion of
one unit measure to another.
d. Visualize the concepts of perimeter and area.
e. Solve real world problems involving the
concepts of perimeter and area.

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
Elapsed
Time
 Elapsed time refers to the amount of
time that passed from one reference
time to another.

For example, your class period is

from 6:15 – 7:45. The amount of time
between these two reference times is the
elapsed time.
Teaching Mathematics in the
Primary Grades
 First, let us
AM
familiarize a. Ante-Meridiem
ourselves b.
c.
At the morning
Aywan Man
with several d. Aphelion Median

terms:
Teaching Mathematics in the
Primary Grades
 First, let us
AM
familiarize a. Ante-Meridiem
ourselves b.
c.
At the morning
Aywan Man
with several d. Aphelion Median

terms:
Teaching Mathematics in the
Primary Grades
 First, let us
PM
familiarize a. Preta-Meridiem
ourselves b.
c.
Past the morning
Post-Meridiem
with several d. Perihelion
Median
terms:
Teaching Mathematics in the
Primary Grades
 Example
How many hours have elapsed
from 6:15 – 7:45?
HOUR MINUTES
7 45
6 15
1 30

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Example
How many hours have elapsed
from 6:45 – 7:15?
HOUR MINUTES
6
7 15
75 + 60

6 45
30

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 What if one of the times is in AM and
the other in PM?

5: 30 AM – 7: 00 PM

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 We can use two solutions: listing the
whole hours, and converting them first to
24-hour format.

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 5:30 AM – 7: 00 PM
6:30
7:30
8:30

Listing whole 9:30

10:30
11:30
13 whole
hours 12:30
1:30
2:30
hours
3:30
4:30
5:30
6:30

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Example
13 hours +
6:30 PM – 7:00 PM 30 minutes
= 13 hrs 30
HOUR MINUTES min
6
7 00
60 + 60

6 30
30

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 If the measure is in AM, it
will not change. Only those
Converting in PM shall be changed
(except 12 PM).

them to 24- To change time to the 24-

hour format, just add 12 to
hour format the hour of the measure.

Elementary Statistics
and Probability
 What if one of the times is in AM and
the other in PM?

5: 30 AM – 7: 00 PM
5 : 30 – 19 : 00

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Example
6:30 – 19:00 13 hrs 30
min
HOUR MINUTES
18
19 00
60 + 60

5 30
13 30

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 12-hour format:
Make sure that 1-12
your explain the
concept of a 24- 24-hour format:
hour format. 1-24

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Test A
Solve for the time elapsed for each item:
1. 6: 14 AM – 7:30 AM
2. 3: 45 AM – 4 :35 PM
3. 2: 15 AM – 8 :13 PM
4. 1: 12 PM – 4: 29 PM
5. 3: 21 AM – 9 : 26 AM

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Test B
1. Suppose that the bus left San Jose at
around 10: 32 AM. If it arrived at
Sablayan at 3:19 PM, how long did it
take for the bus to get to Sablayan?

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Test B
2. If Cassy left their house for school at
7:12 AM and arrived at the school
gate at 7: 43, how long did her
commute last?

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Review
Solve for the time elapsed for each item:
1. 7: 23 AM – 10:18 AM
2. 6: 45 AM – 7 :28 PM

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Length,
Mass, and
Volume
 Length measure is the measure
of distance from one reference
point to another point. It is
expressed in terms of meters (the SI
unit for length).

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Mass refers to the amount of
matter contained in an object. It is
expressed in terms of grams (the SI
unit for mass).

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Volume refers to the amount of
matter contained in an object or the
amount of space occupied by the
same object. It is expressed in terms of
liters (the SI unit for volume).

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
Units used for Length Mass Volume

Length, Mass, m meter g gram L Liter

and Volume Km Kilometer Kg

Kilogra
m
mL Milliliter

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Since primary
grades mathematics is
concerned only with basic
conversion, we will focus
Converting more on:

from one unit Length Mass Volume

1000

to another
1 m 100 cm 1 kg 1000 g 1L
mL

1 km 1000 m

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Conversion of
units is a very
Teaching complicated topic
even for advanced
Conversion learners. In order to
make it interactive (at
the same easier) for the
pupils, we will use the
leaping frog diagram.

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
Steps in constructing the
“Leaping Frog Diagram”

1. Draw a horizontal line.

2. Label the ends in the

following manner: the Kg g
smaller unit at the right
end, the bigger unit at the
left end.
Multiply
Divide
If you need to convert, note that when the frog jumps from
the right, divide. When the frog jumps from the left, multiply

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
*Since we are converting
from gram, we’ll start at g.
Construct first a “Leaping
Frog Diagram”.
Example 1
Convert 2000 g to
Kilograms.
Kg g
1 Kg 1000g
The
Let frog
us make
will jump
the frog
fromjump
the
Our conversion rate
2000 right
now.toWhere
the left.
willTherefore,
the frog
is 1 Kg = 1000=g. So, we will
2 𝐾𝑔
1000 we
start?
will divide.
divide by 1000.
Teaching Mathematics in the
Primary Grades
*Since we are converting
from mL, we’ll start at mL.
Construct first a “Leaping
Frog Diagram”.
Example 2
Convert 4000 mL to L.
L mL
1L 1000 mL
The
Let frog
us make
will jump
the frog
fromjump
the
Our conversion rate
4000 right
now.toWhere
the left.
willTherefore,
the frog
is 1 L = 1000 mL.
= 2So,
𝐿 we will
we
start?
will divide.
divide by1000
1000.
Teaching Mathematics in the
Primary Grades
*Since we are converting
from Km, we’ll start at Km.
Construct first a “Leaping
Frog Diagram”.
Example 3
Convert 2 Km to m.
Km m
1 Km 1000 m
Let
Theusfrog
make
will the
jumpfrogfrom
jump
the
Our conversion rate
2 1000 = 2000 𝑚 now.
left toWhere
the right.
will Therefore,
the frog
is 1 Km = 1000 m. So, we
start?
we will multiply.
will multiply by 1000.
Teaching Mathematics in the
Primary Grades
*Since we are converting
from L, we’ll start at L.
Construct first a “Leaping
Frog Diagram”.
Example 4
Convert 2 L to mL.
L mL
1L 1000 mL
Let
Theusfrog
make
will the
jumpfrogfrom
jump
the
Our conversion rate
2 1000 = 2000 𝑚𝐿 now.
left toWhere
the right.
will Therefore,
the frog
is 1 L = 1000 mL. So, we will
start?
we will multiply.
multiply by 1000.
Teaching Mathematics in the
Primary Grades
 Practice Test
Convert the following to the indicated
unit:
1. 3 L = _____ mL
2. 5 Kg = ___ g
3. 7 Km = ___ m
4. 35 m = ___ cm
5. 4 Kg = ____g

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
Perimeter
and Area
 Perimeter refers to the distance
around the figure.

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Practice Test
Find the perimeter of the following
figures:

13 cm 8 cm
29 cm

15 cm

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Practice Test
Mrs. Vartabedian plans to enclose her
vacant lot with a fence, allowing only a 4
m gap for a gate. If her property is a
triangular lot whose sides measure 25 m,
36 m, and 42 m, how long will the entire
fence be?

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Practice Test
If a meter of fencing material costs
Php 120.00, how much will the entire
fence cost?

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Review Test
Find the perimeter of the following
figures:

8 cm 12 cm
14 cm

8 cm

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Area refers to the amount of
surface covered by the polygon.

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Area can also be thought of as
the number of 1 unit squares
enclosed within the polygon.

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Practice Test
Find the area of the following figures:

13 cm
29 cm
8 cm

15 cm

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Practice Test
Mr. Mores wanted to paint the wall of his
classroom for the upcoming division
ocular visit. If the wall is 5 m wide and 4
m tall, how much surface is to be
painted?

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades
 Practice Test
If a liter of paint can only cover 2 square
meters of wall, how many cans of paint
will be needed?

Teaching Mathematics in the

Primary Grades