CE011 – Geology for Civil Engineers

Week 1
Course Evaluation

❑ Preliminary Course Assessment – 20%

❑ Midterm Course Assessment – 20%
❑ Final Course Assessment – 20%
❑ Learning Task – 40%
❑ Quizzes – 20%
❑ Case Study (15%)
❑ Class Participation (5%)
Topics

❑ Introduction to General Geology

➢ Definition
➢ Branches of Geology
❑ The Earth Structure and Composition
Introduction to General Geology

Learning Outcomes
➢Definition of geology, its branches, and its role
in construction industry.
Geology
➢ geo (earth) + logos (science) = Earth Science / Earth Study

Physical Geology Historical Geology

study of Earth's materials and origin and evolution of life on
the processes that are the Earth
operating on and within the
Earth and on its surface

➢ the study of nature, structure and history of the planet.

Geologists
➢ who study the origin, occurrence, distribution and utilities of all
materials metallic, non-metallic, inorganic, etc), minerals, rocks,
sediments, soils, water, oil and all other inorganic natural
resources.
Activity No. 1
1) Enumerate and define at least ten (10) branches of
geology
Engineering Geology
➢ an applied sciences which deals with the application of geology
for a safe, stable land economical design and construction of a
civil engineering project
Scope of Geology to Civil Engineering
❑ provides necessary information about the site of construction
materials used in construction of buildings, dams, tunnels, tanks,
reservoirs, highways and bridges.
❑ These information is the most important in planning phase,
design phase and construction phase of an engineering project.
❑ Major activities:
➢Construction
➢Water Resources Development
➢Town and Regional Planning
Activity No. 1
1) Enumerate and define at least ten (10) branches of geology
2) Application of Geology in Civil Engineering Practice
The Earth Structure and Composition

Learning Outcomes
➢ Differentiate layers of the Earth based on
physical properties
➢ Differentiate layers of the Earth based on
chemical cal properties
Compositional Layers of the Earth
• The outermost solid
layer of a rocky
planet or natural
satellite. Chemically
distinct from the
underlying mantle.
• Chemically distinct
from the underlying
mantle.
• Depth: 0-100km
silicates
Compositional Layers of the Earth
• Layer between the
crust & outer core
• chemically distinct
from the crust and
the outer core
• not liquid, however,
ductile, or plastic,
which means that on
very long time scales
and under pressure it
can flow
• mainly composed of
aluminum and
silicates
• Depth: 100-2900km
iron and magnesium
silicates
Compositional Layers of the Earth
• innermost layers
• chemically distinct
from the mantle
• mainly composed of
nickel and iron.
• Depth: 2900-6370km
metals
Mechanical Layers of the Earth
ATMOSPHERE
➢ outer gaseous part of the Earth starting from the surface
and extending as far as 700 kilometer and even beyond.
Mechanical Layers of the Earth
LITOSPHERE
• The outermost, rigid layer of the
Earth.
• Made of two parts: the crust and
the Moho (upper solid part of the
mantle).
• Divided into pieces called tectonic
plates.
Mechanical Layers of the Earth
ASTHENOSPHERE
• The soft layer of the mantle on
which the lithospheric plates move.
• It is made of solid rock like putty
that flows very slowly – about the
same rate your fingernail grows.
Mechanical Layers of the Earth
MESOSPHERE
• The strong, lower part of the
mantle.
• Extends to the Earth’s core.
Mechanical Layers of the Earth
OUTER CORE
• extends from the bottom of the
mantle and surrounds the inner
core.
• Liquid and hot
• composed of liquid iron and nickel
INNER CORE
• Solid (Due to pressure from upper layers.)
• Composed of iron.
• Hotter than the Sun
Next Topic

❑ Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift

Theory