Conservation of Energy

HANDOUT

GRADE 10 PHYSICS
SECOND TRIMESTER SY 2023-2024
 Work, Power, and Energy
Formulas
2
𝑚𝑣
𝑊 =𝐹𝑑 𝑃𝐸=𝑚𝑔h 𝐾𝐸 =
2
𝑊
𝑃= 𝑇𝑀𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙=𝑇𝑀𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑡
𝐹𝑑 (𝑃𝐸+ 𝐾𝐸)𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 =(𝑃𝐸+ 𝐾𝐸) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑃=
𝑡
𝑃𝐸 𝑖 + 𝐾𝐸𝑖 =𝑃𝐸 𝑓 + 𝐾𝐸 𝑓
𝑃= 𝐹𝑣 𝑚 𝑣1
2
𝑚 𝑣2
2
𝑚𝑔 h1+ =𝑚𝑔 h2 +
2 2
Law of Conservation of Energy
80.0
4.00 9.00

= 1.00 kJ
x 1.00 kJ
x 1.00 kJ
Fill in the missing values. PE =1920
___ J
Assume no energy losses KE = ___ 0J
due to friction. TME = 1920
___ J
v=0 m/s
___
3.27 m
hmax=__
PE = 588
___ J
PE = ____0J KE =1330
___ J
KE =1920
____J TME =1920
___ J
1920
TME = ____ J v = 6.66
_____m/s
Solution
At Position 1

¿ 1920 𝐽

𝑇𝑀𝐸=𝑃𝐸+𝐾𝐸¿ 0 𝐽 +1920 ¿𝐽 1920 𝐽

At Position 2
𝑚
𝑃𝐸=𝑚𝑔h¿ ( 60.0 𝑘𝑔 ) (9.80 𝑠2 )(1.00 𝑚)
¿ 588 𝐽
𝐾𝐸=𝑇𝑀𝐸 − 𝑃𝐸¿ 1920 𝐽 − 588 𝐽
¿ 1330 𝐽
Solution

√ √
• At Position 2
2 𝐾𝐸 2(1330 𝐽)
𝑣= ¿
𝑚 60.0 𝑘𝑔
¿ 6.66 𝑚 /𝑠
𝑇𝑀𝐸=1920 𝐽
• At Position 3 𝑃𝐸¿ 1920 𝐽
𝑃𝐸 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =1920 𝐽 h= 𝑚𝑔 ( 60.0 𝑘𝑔) (9.80 𝑚2 )
𝑠
𝐾𝐸=0 𝐽
𝑇𝑀𝐸=1920 𝐽 ¿ 3.27 𝑚
 Fill in the missing values. Assume no energy
losses due to friction. The data relates to a
50.0 kg object at each position

m= 50 kg

TME TME TME TME

, where h = 4 m
4m Since from 1 to 3, PE = KE 

3m v = 6 m/s

h=?
 Fill in the missing values. Assume no energy
losses due to friction. The data relates to a
50.0 kg object at each position
1960 J 1470 J 0J 1060
m= 50.0
0J J 1960 JJ
kg
TME 1960 TME
J 1960 JTME J TME
1960 1960
0 m/s 4.43 m/s J m/s
8.85 J
2.16
m

, where h = 4 m
4m Since from 1 to 3, PE = KE 

3m v = 6 m/s

h=?
Solution
At Position 1
𝑚
𝑃𝐸 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝑚𝑔h¿ (50.0 𝑘𝑔)(9.80 2 )( 4.00 𝑚)
𝑠
¿ 1960 𝐽
𝐾𝐸 =0 𝐽 𝑣 =0 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝑇𝑀𝐸=1960 𝐽
At Position 2

( 𝑚
)
𝑃𝐸=𝑚𝑔h¿ ( 50.0 𝑘𝑔 ) 9.80 𝑠2 ( 3.00𝑚)
¿ 1470 𝐽
Solution
• At Position 2
𝐾𝐸=𝑇𝑀𝐸 − 𝑃𝐸¿ 1960 𝐽 − 1470 𝐽
¿ 49 0 𝐽

𝑣=
√ √
2 𝐾𝐸 2(49 0 𝐽 )
𝑚
¿
50.0 𝑘𝑔
¿ 4.43 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝑇𝑀𝐸=1960 𝐽
 Solution
• At Position 3
From Position 1 to Position 3
𝑃𝐸 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝐾𝐸 𝑚𝑎𝑥
2
𝑚𝑣
𝑚𝑔 h𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2
𝑣 =√ 2 𝑔 h𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑃𝐸 =0 𝐽
𝐾𝐸=1960 𝐽
√ 𝑚
¿ 2(9.80 2 )(4.00𝑚)
𝑠
𝑚
¿ 8.85
𝑇𝑀𝐸=1960 𝐽 𝑠
Solution
At Position 4
2
2(50.0 𝑘𝑔 )( 6.00 𝑚 )
𝑚𝑣 𝑠
𝐾𝐸 = ¿
2 2
¿ 90 0 𝐽
𝑃𝐸=𝑇𝑀𝐸 − 𝐾𝐸¿ 1960 𝐽 − 90 0 𝐽
¿ 1060 𝐽
𝑃𝐸 1060 𝐽
¿
h= 𝑚 𝑚
¿ 2.16
𝑚𝑔(50.0 𝑘𝑔 )( 9.80 2 )
𝑠
Energy Transformation
Mass m is raised to vertical height h above the
ground and then released. After the mass has fallen
2/3 of the way to the ground, what would its kinetic
energy?
Mass m is raised to vertical height h above the
ground and then released. After the mass has fallen
2/3 of the way to the ground, what would its kinetic
energy?
 Mass m is raised to vertical height h above the
ground and then released. After the mass has fallen
2/3 of the way to the ground, what would its kinetic
energy?
As the pendulum swings from position A to position C as shown in the
diagram below, what is the relationship of kinetic energy to potential
energy?
As the pendulum swings from position A to position C as shown in the
diagram below, what is the relationship of kinetic energy to potential
energy?
A. The kinetic energy decreases more than the
potential energy increases.
B. The kinetic energy increases more than the
potential energy decreases.
C. The kinetic energy decrease is equal to the
potential energy increase.
D. The kinetic energy increase is equal to the
potential energy decrease.
In the diagram below, an object starting from rest at A slides down a
frictionless hill and then up to B. The object’s potential energy at A is . J.
What is its kinetic energy at B?
1
3

2
Solution
𝑇𝑀𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙=𝑇𝑀𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
(𝑃𝐸+ 𝐾𝐸)𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 =(𝑃𝐸+ 𝐾𝐸) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
( 𝑃𝐸 + 0)𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙=( 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 =𝑃𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 + 𝐾𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐾𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 =𝑃𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 − 𝑃𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 =𝑚𝑔h =3 0 𝐽
2 h 2 𝑚𝑔h 2(3 0 𝐽 )
𝑃𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 =𝑚𝑔( ¿) ¿ ¿20 𝐽
3 3 3
Solution
𝐾𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 =𝑃𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 − 𝑃𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐾𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 =3 0 𝐽 − 2 0 𝐽
𝐾𝐸 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 =1 0 𝐽
Problem Solving : Solve each problem
completely following the G-R-E-S-A format

1. John has 200 Joules of gravitational potential

energy when he is standing still on a diving
board.
a. Find his mechanical energy. Ans: 200
J
b. John jumps off the diving board. What is his
gravitational potential energy when he is
halfway to the water? Ans: 100
c. What is his mechanical energyJ when he
lands in the water? Ans: 200
J
 Problem Solving : Solve each problem
completely following the G-R-E-S-A format

2. A ball has a 17 J of kinetic energy and its

mechanical energy is 25 J.
a. Find the gravitational potential energy
of the ball. Ans: 8.0 J
b. If the ball has a mass of 3.2 kg, what is
its height above the ground? Ans: 0.26 m
c. What is the speed of the ball?Ans: 3.3 m/s
 Problem Solving : Solve each problem
completely following the G-R-E-S-A format

3. What is the mass of a child that has a KE of 400

J who is riding her bike at 3.9 m/s?
Ans: 52.6 kg
4. Jared and Clay are climbing the stairs. Jared
gets tired and stops halfway to the fourth floor.
Clay makes it to the fourth floor without a
problem. If Jared is twice as heavy as Clay, who
has more gravitational potential energy? Explain
your answer.
Answer: The same since Clay has twice the height of
Jared