CHAPTER 8 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE 5. −0.08c + 6 = −0.

6c − 62
VARIABLE
⇒ −0.08c + 0.6c = −62 − 6 [Transposing ( −0.6c ) to
Exercise 8A
Solve the following equations.
⇒ 0.52c = −68 LHS and ( +6) to RHS]
−68
1. 2 x + 1 = 25 2. 45 − 7a = 3 ⇒c=
0.52
3. 13 − 5 (q − 4 ) = 8q + 7 4. 0.08a = 3 − 0.1a −68 × 100 −17 × 100 −1700
= = =
5. −0.08c + 6 = −0.6c − 62 6. x − 10 = 2 (3 − 0.5x ) 52 13 13
[Multiply both the numerator and denominator by 100]
2x x 20a + 15
7. + = −8 8. = 11 6. x − 10 = 2 (3 − 0.5x )
8 12 3a − 1
a +1 a −1 e−4 e ⇒ x − 10 = 6 − x
9. = 10. − =1 ⇒ x + x = 6 + 10 [Transposing ( − x ) to LHS and
18 27 15 10
2x + 1 2x − 1 5x − 6 2x
⇒ 2 x = 16 (−10) to RHS]
11. − = 12 12. −1 = 16
5 7 22 11 ⇒x= =8
2
3b + 1 4b + 3 b + 1
13. =2 14. = 2x x
3b − 1 4b − 1 b − 1 7. + = −8
8 12
1 1 x
15. (7 x − 4 ) − (5x + 9) = ⇒
6x + 2x
= −8
3 15 15 [Taking LCM]
24
Solution: ⇒ 8 x = −8 × 24 [Transposing ( ÷24 ) to LHS]
1. 2 x + 1 = 25 −8 × 24
⇒x= = −24
⇒ 2 x = 25 − 1 [Transposing ( +1) to RHS] 8
⇒ 2 x = 24 20a + 15
8. = 11
24 3a − 1
⇒x= = 12 [Transposing ( ×2) to RHS.]
2 {
⇒ 20a + 15 = 11(3a − 1) [Transposing ÷ (3a − 1) }
2 45 − 7a = 3 ⇒ 20a + 15 = 33a − 11 RHS]
⇒ −7a = 3 − 45 [Transposing ( +45) to RHS] ⇒ 20a − 33a = −11 − 15 [Transposing ( +33a ) to LHS
⇒ −7a = −42 ⇒ −13a = −23 and ( +15) to RHS]
−42
⇒a=
−7
=6 { }
[Transposing × ( −7 ) to RHS] ⇒a=
−23
−13
=2

3. 13 − 5 (q − 4 ) = 8q + 7 a +1 a −1
9. =
⇒ 13 − 5q + 20 = 8q + 7 18 27
⇒ 27 (a + 1) = 18 (a − 1) [Cross multiplication]
⇒ −5q − 8q = 7 − 13 − 20 [Transposing (+13) and
(+20) to RHS; (+8q) to LHS] ⇒ 27a + 27 = 18a − 18
⇒ −13q = 7 − 33 ⇒ 27a − 18a = −18 − 27 [Transposing ( +18a ) to LHS

⇒q=
−26
=2 { }
[Transposing × ( −13) to RHS] ⇒ 9a = −45 and ( +27 ) to RHS]
−13 −45
⇒a= = −5
4. 0.08a = 3 − 0.1a 9
⇒ 0.08a + 0.1a = 3 [Transposing ( −0.1a ) to LHS] e−4 e
⇒ 0.18a = 3 10. − =1
3 15 10
⇒a= 2e − 8 − 3e
0.18 ⇒ =1 [Taking LCM]
300 50 2 30
16 ⇒ −e − 8 = 1 × 30
18 3 3
⇒ −e = 30 + 8 [Transposing ( ÷30) and ( −8) to RHS]
[Multiply both the numerator and denominator by100] ⇒ e = −38

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Math Now TMDS Book 8.indb 227 12/3/2021 10:58:03 AM

 2x + 1 2x − 1 ⇒ 35x − 20 − 5x − 9 = x [Multiplying both side by 15]
11. − = 12
5 7 ⇒ 30 x − 29 = x
7 (2 x + 1) − 5 (2 x − 1) ⇒ 30 x − x = 29 [Transposing ( −29) to RHS and
⇒ = 12 [Taking LCM]
5×7
⇒ 29 x = 29 (÷ x ) to LHS]
[Transposing
⇒ 7 x + 7 − 5x − 5 = 12 × (5 × 7 )
⇒ 4 x + 12 = 420
{× (5 × 7)} to RHS] ⇒x=
29
29
=1

⇒ 4 x = 420 − 12 [Transposing ( +12) to RHS] Exercise 8B

2
408 1. Five times a number added to of the number
⇒x= = 102 3
4 gives 102. Find the number.
5x − 6 2x Solution:
12. −1 =
22 11 Let x be the number.
5x − 6 − 22 2 x By the question, we have,
⇒ = 2
22 11 5x + x = 102
⇒ (5x − 6 − 22) × 11 = 2 x × 22 [Cross multiplication] 3
15x + 2 x
⇒ 55x − 66 − 121 = 44 x ⇒ = 102 [Taking LCM]
3
⇒ 55x − 44 x = 308 [Transposing ( +44x ) to LHS
⇒ 11x = 308 ⇒ 17 x = 102 × 3 [Transposing ( ÷3) and ( ×17 ) to
308 and ( −308) to RHS] RHS.]
⇒x= = 28
11 306
⇒x= = 18
4b + 1 17
13. =2
3b − 1
{
⇒ 4b + 1 = 2 × (3b − 1) [Transposing ÷ (3b − 1) to } Therefore, the required number is 18.
2. The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 213,
RHS]
⇒ 4b + 1 = 6b − 2 find the numbers.

[Transposing ( +6b ) to LHS]

⇒ 4b − 6b = −2 − 1 Solution:
Let the three consecutive odd natural numbers be
⇒ −2b = −3 x , x  2, x  4 .
−3
⇒b= = 1. 5 x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 213 [Transposing ( +6) to RHS]
−2
⇒ 3x + 6 = 213
4b + 3 b + 1
14. = ⇒ 3x = 213 − 6
4b − 1 b − 1
⇒ ( 4b + 3) (b − 1) = (b + 1) ( 4b − 1)
⇒ 3x = 207 [Transposing ( ×3) to RHS]
[Cross multiplication] 207
⇒x= = 69
3
⇒ 4b2 − 4b + 3b − 3 = 4b2 − b + 4b − 1
Now, First number x 69
⇒ 4b2 − 4b + 3b − 4b2 + b − 4b = −1 + 3 [Transposing]
⇒ −4b + 3b + b − 4b = 2 Second number x + 2 = 69 + 2 = 71
⇒ −8b + 4b = 2 Third number x + 4 = 69 + 4 = 73
⇒ −4b = 2 Therefore, the three consecutive odd numbers are 69,
2 −1 71 and 73.
⇒b= =
−4 2 3. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4. If 2 is subtracted
from the first number and 5 is subtracted from the
1 1 x
15. (7 x − 4 ) − (5 x + 9 ) = second number, the ratio becomes the reciprocal of
3 15 15 the original ratio. Find the numbers.
5 (7 x − 4 ) − (5 x + 9 ) x Solution:
⇒ =
15 15

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Math Now TMDS Book 8.indb 228 12/3/2021 10:58:36 AM

 Let x be the common factor of the two numbers. x + 38 = 2 ( x + 10)
By the question, we have, ⇒ x + 38 = 2 x + 20
3x − 2 4 3 4 ⇒ x − 2 x = 20 − 38 [Transposing ( +2x ) to LHS and
= [Reciprocal of 3 : 4 or 4 : 3 or ]
4x − 5 3 4 3
⇒ 3 × (3 x − 2 ) = 4 × ( 4 x − 5 ) ⇒ − x = −18 (+38) to RHS]
⇒ 9 x − 6 = 16 x − 20 ⇒ x = 18
⇒ 9 x − 16 x = −20 + 6 [Transposing ( +16a ) to LHS Son’s age x 18 years

and ( −6) to RHS] The age of the father = x + 28 = 18 + 28 = 46.

⇒ −7 x = −14
Therefore, the present age of the father is 46 years.
−14
⇒x= =2 6. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 14.
−7
The number is nineteen times the digit at its ones
So, first number 3x = 3 × 2 = 6 and second number = place. Find the number.
4x = 4 × 2 = 8.
3 Solution:
4. The breadth of a rectangle is of its length. The Let x be the number in ones place.
4
perimeter of the rectangle is 70 cm. Find its length Then, the number in tens place = 14 − x
and breadth. (Since the sum of the 2 digits is 14.)
By the question, we have,
Solution:
Given: perimeter of the rectangle = 70 cm.
(14 − x ) × 10 + x = 19x
Let x be the length of the rectangle. ⇒ 140 − 10 x + x = 19 x
Then by the question, we have, ⇒ −9 x − 19 x = −140
3 ⇒ −28 x = −140
Breadth = x
4 −140
Now, 2(Length + Breadth) = Perimeter ⇒x= =5
−28
⎛ 3 ⎞
⇒ 2 ⎜ x + x ⎟ = 70 [Transposing × 2 to RHS] Therefore, the required number = (14 − x ) × 10 + x
⎝ 4 ⎠
= (14 − 5) × 10 + 5
4 x + 3x 70
⇒ = [Taking LCM.] = 140 − 50 + 5
4 2
95
7x ⎛ 7⎞ 7. The numerator of a fraction is 2 less than the
⇒ = 35 [Transposing ⎜ × ⎟ to RHS]
4 ⎝ 4⎠ denominator. If 5 is added to both the numerator
4 3
⇒ x = 35 × = 5 × 4 = 20 and the denominator, the fraction becomes . Find
7 4
Therefore, length of the rectangle = x = 20 cm the fraction.
Solution:
3 3 Let x be the denominator of the fraction.
Breadth of the rectangle = x = × 20
4 4
= 3 × 5 = 15 cm Then, numerator = x − 2 .
By the question, we have,
5. A man is 28 years older than his son. After 10 years,
he will be twice the age of his son. Find the age of
( x − 2) + 5 = 3
the man. x +5 4
Solution: { }
⇒ 4 ( x − 2 ) + 5 = 3 ( x + 5)
Let x years be the present age of the son. ⇒ 4 x − 8 + 20 = 3x + 15
Then, the present age of the father = x + 28 years ⇒ 4 x − 3x = 15 + 8 − 20
After 10 years, ⇒x=3
The age of the son = ( x + 10) years
( x − 2) = 3 − 2 = 1
Therefore, the required fraction =
x 3 3
The age of the father = x + 10 + 28 = ( x + 38) years
By the question, we have,

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Math Now TMDS Book 8.indb 229 12/3/2021 10:59:03 AM

 8. George is four times as old as John. After 8 years, = (84 + 30) × 12
he will be twice as old as John. Find the present age
= 114 × 12
of George.
1368
Solution:
Let x years be the present age of John. Thus, length of the journey is 1368 km.
Then, the present age of George 4x years 10. A boat covers the distance between two ports in
After 8 years, 5 hours while going down the stream. While going
The age of John = ( x + 8) years up the stream, it covers the same distance in 8
hours. If the speed of the stream is 3 km/h, find the
The age of George = ( 4 x + 8) years speed of the boat in still water.
By the question, we have, Solution:
4 x + 8 = 2 ( x + 8) Let x km/h be the original speed of the boat.
⇒ 4 x + 8 = 2 x + 16 Then by the question, we have,
Downstream distance = ( x + 3) × 5
⇒ 4 x − 2 x = 16 − 8 [Transposing ( +2x ) to LHS and
Upstream distance = ( x − 3) × 8
⇒ 2x = 8 (+8) to RHS] Downstream distance = Upstream distance
i. e. ( x + 3) × 5 = ( x + 3) × 5
8 ⇒ 5x + 15 = 8 x − 24
⇒x= =4
2
⇒ 5x − 8 x = −24 − 15 [Transposing ( +15) to RHS
The present age of John x 4 years.
and ( +8x ) to LHS]
⇒ −3x = −39
Therefore, the present age of George = 4x = 4 × 4 = 16
−39
years. ⇒x= = 13
−3
9. A train is running at a uniform speed to cover the
Therefore, speed of the boat = x = 13 km/h.
distance between two cities. If the train had been
30 km/h faster, it would have taken 12 hours to Chapter Revision
complete the journey. If the train had been 8 km/h
A. Choose the correct option.
slower, it would have taken 18 hours to complete
the journey. Find 1. Pick the odd one out.
a. the speed of the train a. x − 2 = 0
b. the length of the journey b. 5x − 7 = 10
Solution: c. 3x ( x − 2) = x (3x − 5) + 7
a. To find speed of the train. d. 5x + 7 + x ( x − 1) = 8
Let x km/h be the original speed of the train.
By the question, we have, 2. Pick the odd one out.
Distance covered by the train when the speed is a. 9 x 3 b. 35x 315
30 km/h in 12 hours = Distance covered by the train c. 7 x − 5 = 58 d. 7 x 63
when the speed is 8 km/h in 18 hours 1
i.e. ( x + 30) × 12 = ( x − 8) × 18 [Distance = Speed × Time] 3. If 0.5b − b = 2, b =
4
⇒ ( x + 30) × 2 = ( x − 8) × 3 [Dividing both side by 6] 8
⇒ 2 x + 60 = 3x − 24 a. b. 8 c. 80 d. 0.8
19
⇒ 2 x − 3x = −24 − 60
4. Pick the odd one out.
⇒ − x = −84
1 5 1 1 2 5 1
⇒ x = 84 a. + = − b. + =
x 6 6 x x 6 6
Therefore, speed of the train is 84 km/h. 1 −2 1 1 1 1
b. To find the length of the journey. c. = − d. = −
x 3 x x 3 x
Length of the journey = ( x + 30) × 12

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Math Now TMDS Book 8.indb 230 12/3/2021 10:59:26 AM

 5. For what value of a will the expressions ⇒b=8
11(a + 2) and 55 – 22a be equal? Thus, the correct option is b. 8.
53
a. 1 b. 1 c. 2 d. 1 5 1 1
33 4. a. + = −
Solution: x 6 6 x
1. a. x − 2 = 0 [Linear equation] 1 1 1 5
⇒ + = −
⇒x=2 x x 6 6
b. 5x − 7 = 10 [Linear equation] 1+1 1− 5
⇒ =
⇒ 5x = 10 + 7 x 6
17 2 −4
⇒x= ⇒ =
5 x 6
6
c 3x ( x − 2) = x (3x − 5) + 7 [Linear equation] ⇒x= × 2 = −3
−4
⇒ 3x 2 − 6 x = 3x 2 − 5x + 7 [It can be
simplified to a 2 5 1
⇒ 3x 2 − 6 x − 3x 2 + 5x = 7 linear equation.] b. + =
x 6 6
⇒ −x = 7
2 1 5
⇒ x = −7 ⇒ = −
x 6 6
d. 5x + 7 + x ( x − 1) = 8 [Not a linear equation] 2 1− 5
⇒ =
⇒ 5x + 7 + x 2 − x = 8 x 6
2 −4
⇒ 4x + x2 = 8 − 7 ⇒ =
x 6
⇒ 4x + x2 = 1
6
Thus, the correct option is d. ⇒x= × 2 = −3
−4
5x + 7 + x ( x − 1) = 8.
1 −2 1
c. = −
2. a. 9 x 3 x 3 x
3 1 1 1 −2
⇒x= = ⇒ + =
9 3 x x 3
b. 35x 315 2 −2
⇒ =
315 x 3
⇒x= =9
35 3
⇒x= × 2 = −3
c. 7 x − 5 = 58 −2
⇒ 7 x = 58 + 5 1 1 1
d. = −
63 x 3 x
⇒x= =9
7
1 1 1
d. 7 x 63 ⇒ + =
x x 3
63 2 1
⇒x= =9 ⇒ =
7 x 3
Thus, the correct option is a. 9 x 3 .
⇒ x = 3×2 = 6
1 1 1 1
3. 0.5b − b = 2 Thus, the correct option is d. = −
4 x 3 x
4 × 0.5b − b 5. 11(a + 2) = 55 − 22a
⇒ =2
4 ⇒ 11a + 22 = 55 − 22a
⇒ 2b − b = 8

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Math Now TMDS Book 8.indb 231 12/3/2021 10:59:54 AM

 ⇒ 11a + 22a = 55 − 22 in 9 hours. If the speed of the stream is 2.5 km/h,
find the speed of the boat in still water.
⇒ 33a = 33
4. The numerator of a fraction is 2 less than the
33
⇒a= =1 denominator. If 3 is subtracted from both the
33 numerator and the denominator, the fraction
Thus, the correct option is a. 1. 4
becomes . Find the fraction.
B. State whether the following statements are true 5
or false.
5. Vivaan is four times as old as Daksh. After 5 years,
1. A linear equation is a first-degree equation. he will be thrice as old as Daksh. Find the present
2. A linear equation may have two variables. age of Vivaan.
3. A linear equation may not have a solution. 6. The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is
4. If both sides of an equation are divided by a 753, find the numbers.
negative number, the equation remains unchanged. Solution:
5. 19 x − 70 = 5x and 24 x − 90 = 6 x have the same 1. Let the three-consecutive even natural numbers
solution. be x , x  2, x  4 .
3 4 7 x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 156
6. x + = and 5x + = 4 x have the same ⇒ 3x + 6 = 156 [Transposing ( +6) to RHS]
7 7 49
solution. ⇒ 3x = 156 − 6
Solution: ⇒ 3x = 150
1. True 150
⇒x= = 50
2. True 3
3. False; A linear equation has a unique solution. Now, First number x 50
4. True Second number x + 2 = 50 + 2 = 52
5. True Third number x + 4 = 50 + 4 = 54
19 x − 70 = 5x and 24 x − 90 = 6 x
Therefore, the three consecutive odd numbers are
⇒ 19 x − 5x = 70 ⇒ 24 x − 6 x = 90 50, 52 and 54.
⇒ 14 x = 70 ⇒ 18 x = 90 2. Given that the digits of a two-digit number differ
70 90 by 1.
⇒x= =5 ⇒x= =5
14 18 Using trial and error method,
6. False • If the ones digit = 1, the tens digit = 2
3 4 7 2-digit number = 21; reversed number = 12
x+ = and 5x + = 4x And given that if the digits are interchanged,
7 7 49
the new number becomes 9 less than the
4 3 1 −7 −1
⇒x= − = ⇒ 5x − 4 x = = original number.
7 7 7 49 7
Also, 21 – 12 = 9.
−1
⇒x= So, the number is 21.
7
• If the ones digit = 2, the tens digit = 3
C. Answer the following questions. 2-digit number = 32; reversed number = 23
1. The sum of three consecutive even numbers is And given that if the digits are interchanged,
156, find the numbers. the new number becomes 9 less than the
2. The tens digit of a two-digit number is one more original number.
than the ones digit. If the digits are interchanged, Also, 32 – 23 = 9.
the new number becomes 9 less than the original
So, the number is 32.
number. Find the number.
• If the ones digit = 3, the tens digit = 4
3. A boat covers the distance between two ports
in 6 hours while going down the stream. While 2-digit number = 43; reversed number = 34
going up the stream, it covers the same distance

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Math Now TMDS Book 8.indb 232 12/3/2021 11:00:12 AM

 And given that if the digits are interchanged,
the new number becomes 9 less than the =
( x − 2) = 13 − 2 = 11
original number. x 13 13
Also, 43 – 34 = 9. 5. Let x years be the present age of Daksh.
So, the number is 43. Then, the present age of Vivaan = 4x years
In this way, can find many such two-digit After 5 years,
numbers. That is, many solutions are possible.
The age of Daksh = ( x + 5) years
3. Let x km/h be the speed of the boat in still water.
Speed of the stream 2.5 km/h The age of Vivaan = ( 4 x + 5) years
While going downstream: By the question, we have,

S = ( x + 2.5) km/h 4 x + 5 = 3 ( x + 5)
⇒ 4 x + 5 = 3x + 15
T 6 hours
⇒ 4 x − 3x = 15 − 5
Distance (D) = Speed (S) × Time (T)
[Transposing ( +3x ) to LHS and ( +5) to RHS]
D = 6 ( x + 2. 5 )
⇒ x = 10
While going upstream:
The present age of Daksh x 10 years.
S = ( x − 2.5) km/h
Therefore, the present age of Vivaan = 4x
T = 9hours = 4 × 10 = 40 years.
Distance (D) = Speed (S) × Time (T) 6. Let the three-consecutive odd natural numbers
D = 9 ( x − 2. 5 ) be x , x  2, x  4 .
Distance covered downstream Distance x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 753
covered upstream ⇒ 3x + 6 = 753
[Transposing ( +6) to RHS]
6 ( x + 2. 5 ) = 9 ( x − 2. 5 ) ⇒ 3x = 753 − 6
⇒ 6 x + 15 = 9 x − 22.5 ⇒ 3x = 747 [Transposing ( ×3) to RHS]
⇒ 6 x − 9 x = −22.5 − 15 747
⇒x= = 249
⇒ −3x = −37.5 3
Now, First number x 249
−37.5
⇒x= = 12.5 Second number x + 2 = 249 + 2 = 251
−3
Third number x + 4 = 249 + 4 = 253
Thus, the speed of the boat in still water is
12.5 km/h. Therefore, the three consecutive odd numbers
are 249, 251 and 253.
4. Let x be the denominator of the fraction.
Worksheet 8
Then, numerator = x − 2 .
By the question, we have, Look at the grid given below and answer the questions
that follow.
( x − 2) − 3 = 4 • A, B, C and D are distinct consecutive multiples of 2.
x −3 5
• A is represented by 2n where n is a natural number.
x −5 4
⇒ = • E, F, G and H are distinct consecutive multiples of 3.
x −3 5
⇒ 5 ( x − 5) = 4 ( x − 5)
• E is represented by 3n where n is a natural number.
• I is the sum of A and E.
⇒ 5x − 25 = 4 x − 12
• J is obtained by subtracting B from F.
⇒ 5x − 4 x = 25 − 12
⇒ x = 13 • K is the product of C and G.

Therefore, the required fraction • L is the remainder obtained on dividing H by D.

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Math Now TMDS Book 8.indb 233 12/3/2021 11:00:33 AM

 A B C D 3x 208
⇒ − =1
E F G H 6 12
I J K L x 52 [Reducing the fractions to
⇒ − =1
Find the values of all the variables if I + J = 25. Also 2 3 its lowest term]
solve the following. ⇒ 3x − 104 = 6
1. 5x + 18 = J ⇒ 3x = 110
3x K − 8
2. − =1 110 2
6 12 ⇒x= = 36
3 3
Solution:
A = 2n
B = 2n + 2 Since A, B, C and D are distinct
consecutive multiples of 2.
C = 2n + 4
D = 2n + 6
E = 3n Since E, F, G and H are distinct
F = 3n + 3 consecutive multiples of 3.
G = 3n + 6
H = 3n + 9
I = A + E = 2n + 3n = 5n (I is the sum of A and E)
J = F – B = 3n + 3 – (2n + 2) = 3n + 3 – 2n – 2 = n + 1
I + J = 25
5n + n + 1 = 25
6n = 24
n=4
Now K = C × G and L = remainder when H is
divided by D
For n = 4, A = 8, B = 10, C = 12, D = 14, E = 12,
F = 15, G = 18, H = 21, I = 20, J = 5, K = 12 × 18 =
216 and L = 7
Solution:
1. 5x + 18 = J
⇒ 5x + 18 = 5
⇒ 5x = 5 − 18
⇒ 5x = −13
−13 13
⇒x= = 2
5 5
3x K − 8
2. − =1
6 12
3x 216 − 8
⇒ − =1
6 12

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Math Now TMDS Book 8.indb 234 12/3/2021 11:00:48 AM