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Kosusuc `ble=
XC>1>171
>. Lto`b`fo
Lipgt
Lipgt vorus
vorus klcful
klcful ygcf nlrnlkg
nlrnlkg kojltg
kojltgeuo
euo ilcyln
ilcylngnjg
gnjgc
c kligi
kligi
nlrkgrge. Kligi nlrkgrge tlrmgko jltojg slsl`rgcf kofofot `ble cygiuj
ygcf tlrocdljso vorus. Cygiuj Glkls glfypto gkgbge splsols utgig ygcf
ilcyl
ilcylng
ngrr pl
plcyg
cygjo
jott oco.
oco. Gkg bl
blno
noe
e kg
kgro
ro 711 mu
mutg
tg jg
jgsu
suss ngr
ngru
u kl
klig
igi
i
>
nlrkgrge sltogp tgeuc ko slburue kucog. Xlmuibge jlhob oco nlrjlingcf
ilcmgko kligi nlrkgrge. Jlngcygjgc ocdljso ko Gilrojg Xlrojgt ygcf
kongwg kgro clfgrg bgoc. Dgjt`r rosoj` uctuj kligi nlrkgrge tlrigsuj
iliobojo gcton`ko tlregkgp vorus kligi nlrkgrge kgro ocdljso slnlbuicyg
8. Igco
Igcodl
dlst
stgs
gsoo Jbo
Jboco
coj
j
Igcodlstgso jbocos pgkg plcklrotg KED gctgrg bgoc gkgbge (Curgrod &
Jusuig >176) =
g. Kligi klcful
Ilrupgjgc plcygjot kligi gjut slbgig >-6 egro, kotgckgo klcfgc kug
8
n. Kligi nlrkgrge klcful
Nlrkgs
Nlrkgsgrj
grjgc
gc jrotlr
jrotlrog
og VE@ >176 kogfc`s
kogfc`sos
os KED kotlfg
kotlfgjjgc
jjgc nobg
nobg
sliug egb kongwge oco koplcueo=
7) Kligi gtgu
gtgu rowgygt
rowgygt kligi
kligi gjut gctgrg
gctgrg >-6
>-6 egro,
egro, nogsgcyg
nogsgcyg nlrsodgt
nlrsodgt
nodgstoj
>) Igcodl
Igcodlstg
stgso
so plrk
plrkgrg
grgegc
egc nlru
nlrupg
pg =
g) \m
\moo t`ur
t`urco
coqu
qult
lt p`s
p`sot
otod
od
n) Qltljol, ljoi`sos, gtgu purpurg
h) Ql
Qlrk
rkgr
grgeg
gegc
c iuj`s
iuj`sgg (l
(lpo
post
stgjs
gjsos
os,, pl
plrk
rkgr
grge
gegc
gc fu
fuso
so),
), sg
sgbu
burg
rgc
c
hlrcg, tlipgt nljgs suctojgc
k) Elig
Eligtl
tlil
ilso
soss gtgu
gtgu ilblcg
ilblcg
8) [r`in`sot`plcog 2711.11/ub
;) Jln`h`r
Jln`h`rgc
gc pbgsig
pbgsig ygcf
ygcf kotgc
kotgckgo
kgo klcfg
klcfgc
c
g) Ql
Qlco
cocf
cfjg
jgtg
tgc
c cobg
cobgoo eligt
eligt`jr
`jrot
ot 3 >1
>1%
% kgro
kgro co
cobg
bgoo ng
ngju
ju sl
slsu
sugo
go
uiur kgc mlcos jlbgioc
n) Qlcurucgc cobgo eligt`jrot 3 >1% sltlbge plinlrogc hgorgc
ygcf gkljugt
<) [g
[gck
ckgg jln`h
jln`h`r
`rgc
gc pbgs
pbgsig
ig sl
slpl
plrt
rtoo = eo
eop`p
p`pr`
r`tl
tloc
oclio
lio,, gs
gsot
otls
ls,, ld
ldus
usoo
pblurg
h. Xock
Xockrr`i sy`j
y`j klcful
;
Ilcurut VE@ KED kongfo kgbgi ; klrgmgt ygotu (Curgrod & Jusuig
>176) =
g. Klrg
Klrgmg
mgtt O ygotu
ygotu kligi
kligi kosl
koslrt
rtgo
go flmgbg
flmgbg jbocoj
jbocoj jegs kgc sg
sgtu
tu sgtuc
sgtucyg
yg
igcodlstgso plrkgrgegc kgbgi umo t`urcoqult p`sotod, tr`in`sot`plcog,
eoi`j`cslctrgso
n. Klrgmgt OO ygotu slplrto klrgmgt O, koslrtgo klcfgc plrkgrgegc sp`ctgc
pgkg jubot gtgu plrkgrgegc ko tlipgt bgoc.
h. Klrgmgt
Klrgmgt OOO ygotu kotli
kotliujgccyg
ujgccyg jlfgfgb
jlfgfgbgc
gc sorjubgso
sorjubgso,, kotgckgo
kotgckgo `ble
`ble cgko
hlpgt kgc blige, tljgcgc kgrge ilcuruc (>1 iiEf gtgu jurgcf) gtgu
eop`tlcso koslrtgo klcfgc sogc`sos kosljotgr iubut, jubot kocfoc kgc
blingn kgc gcgj tgipgj flbosge.
k. Klrgmg
Klrgmgtt OT ygotu
ygotu sy`j nlrgt,
nlrgt, cgko tokgj
tokgj tlrgng
tlrgng kgc tljgcg
tljgcgc
c kgrge tokgj
tokgj
tlrgtur
;. J`ipb
`ipboojgso
gso
Ilcurut Qgkobg (>176) j`ipbojgso KED gkgbge slngfgo nlrojut =
g. Fgf
gfggb f
foocmg
cmgb
n. Lduso pblurg
h. Elpg
Elpgtt`ilf
`ilfgb
gboo
k. Fgfg
Fgfgbb mgctu
gctucf
cf
<. Qgt`
Qgt`do
doso
so`b
`b`f
`foo
Torus klcful ygcf tlbge igsuj jltunue plcklrotg gjgc ilcoinubjgc
vorliog.
vorliog. Egb tlrslnut gjgc ilcoinubjgc
ilcoinubjgc rlgjso `ble pusgt plcfgtur sueu
ko eop`t
eop`tgb
gbgi
gius
us sl
sleo
eocff
cffgg ilcyl
ilcylng
ngnj
njgc
gc (p
(plb
lblp
lpgs
gsgc
gc zgt nr
nrgk
gkoj
ojoc
ococ
oc,,
slr`to
slr`tococ
coc,, tr`in
tr`inoc,
oc, eostgi
eostgioc)
oc) tlrmgk
tlrmgkocyg
ocyg== plcocf
plcocfjgt
jgtgc
gc sueu.
sueu. Xlb
Xlbgoc
goc otu
vorlio
vorliogg ilcylng
ilcylngnjgc
njgc plblngr
plblngrgc
gc pgkg kockoc
kockocf
f plinub
plinubue
ue kgrge
kgrge ygcf
ygcf
ilcyl
ilcylng
ngnjg
njgc
c plrpo
plrpock
ckge
gegc
gc hg
hgor
orgc
gc kgc pb
pbgs
gsig
ig kgro
kgro oc
octr
trgv
gvgs
gshu
hubg
bgrr jl
octlrsosolb ygcf ilcylngnjgc eop`v`bliog. [r`in`sot`plcog kgpgt tlrmgko
<
gjongt
gjongt kgro
kgro plcuruc
plcurucgc
gc pr`kuj
pr`kujso
so tr`in`
tr`in`sot
sot slngfg
slngfgoo rlgjso
rlgjso kgro
kgro gcton`
gcton`ko
ko
ilbgwgc vorus (Iurwgco >175).
Qgkg pgsolc klcfgc tr`in`sot`plco
tr`in`sot`plcogg tlrkgpgt
tlrkgpgt gkgcyg plrkgrgegc ngoj
ju
jubo
bott sl
slpl
plrt
rtoo pl
pltl
tljo
jogg gt
gtgu
gu pl
plrk
rkgr
grge
gegc
gc iuj`
iuj`sg
sg ko iubu
iubut.
t. Egb
Egb oc
ocoo
4
octrgvlcg, plcocfjgtgc muibge tr`in`sot ilcucmujgc jln`h`rgc pbgsig
tlbge
tlbge tlrgtg
tlrgtgso,
so, sleocf
sleocffg
fg plinlr
plinlrogc
ogc hgorgc
hgorgc oct
octrgv
rgvlcg
lcg egrus
egrus ko jurgcfo
jurgcfo
jlhlpgtgc kgc muibgecyg uctuj ilchlfge tlrmgko lklig pgru kgc fgfgb
mgctucf, slngbojcyg mojg tokgj ilckgpgt hgorgc ygcf hujup, plc
plcklrotg
klrotg gjgc
ilcfgbgio
ilcfgbgio jljurgcfgc
jljurgcfgc hgorgc
hgorgc ygcf gjgc ilcfgjongtjg
ilcfgjongtjgc
c j`ckoso
j`ckoso ygcf
nuruj ngejgc nosg ilcfgbgio rlcmgtgc. Mojg rlcmgtgc gtgu eop`v`blioj
nlrbgcfsucf bgig gjgc toinub gc`jsog mgrocfgc, iltgn`boj gsok`sos kgc
jligtogc gpgnobg tokgj slflrg kogtgso klcfgc ngoj (Iurwgco >175).
6
4. Qgtewgy
Nrlgte Nb``k
Nrgoc
sostoi
Ilcfgjtodjgc Gfrlfgso Gjtovgso Torus Qlblpgsgc
j`ipblilc
tr`in`sot H8 kgc H< igsuj jl clur`trgcsiottlr
kgbgi (eostgiocl, nrg
Gjtovgso Ilblpgs Qlrilgnobotgs plinubue kojococ,
H8 kgc H< gklcs`coc ko kockocf kgrge p`stgfbgckoc
pe`spegt plinubue
Qlblpgsgc (GKQ) Nlrojgc klcfgc
kgrge Ilcstoiubgso
gcgdobgt`jsoi rlslpt`r cylro
slb e`st
(H8g, H<g) Ilcfeobgcfcyg (OQ-8)
[er`in`sos ocdbgigso
ilcfgbgio pbgsig ilbgbuo
ilbgbuo (slplrto Oipubs cylro
Qlriognobotgs jlrusgjgc lck`tlb kockocf iojr`dgf igsuj jl
kockocf iltgi`rd`sos plinubue clutr`dob
plinubue kgrge tegbgi us
^lsoj` Xy`j
Lcke`telboui eop`tgbgius
ilcocfjgtjgc pr`kujso
Eop`v`bliog
p`stgfbgckoc kgc
clur`trgcsiotlr
5
Qlriognobotgs ^lsoj` Lcke`telboui Nbgkklr N`wlb N`cl
kockocf Xy`j eop`tgbgius
plinubue Gjtovgso H8 kgc H<
ilcocfjgtjgc Qlrpockgegc
kgrge Eop`tlcso , pr`kujso
Qlilgnobotgs Elpgt`- hgorgc jl
cgko hlpgt p`stgfbgckoc kgc lsjtrgvgsjublr
kockocf spblc`ilfgbo
Ilcfeobgcfcyg kgc blige clur`trgcsiotlr
plinubue
pbgsig ilbgbuo
ilbgbuo
kgrge Qlcurucgc
Ilcklsg
lck`tlb kockocf Qlcurucgc Qr`stgfbgckoc j jlnutuegc @>,
plinubue @> kgbgi nlrojgtgc klcfgc
Cutroso
bginucf
kgrge mgrocfgc clur`c prlpo`toj
ko eop`tgbgius
Ilcfeobgcfcyg
EHB Iltgn`bosil
pbgsig ilbgbuo
ilbgbuo
lck`tlb kockocf XF@[, XFQ[ ilcuruc
Jln`h`rgc
pbgsig (jl Ilcocfjgtjgc plinubue kgrge Iugb iuctge
Cgdsu igjgc Blige pusocf
ljstrgvgsjublr telri`stgt ‒slt
Jln`h`rgc ilcuruc drljulcso cgko kgc
p`octt’ pgkg pusgt
Qlcuipujgc pbgsig plrcgdgsgc
tlri`rlfubgt`r
hgorgc pgkg (jllxtrgvgsjublr) Igsujgc Cutroso ilcocfjgt
?
N. GX\E
GX\EGC
GC JLQL
JLQL^G
^GVG
VG[G
[GC
C
7. Qlcfjgmo
gmogc
g. ^owgygt
- Oklctotgs pgsolc
Cgig, uiur, mlcos jlbgioc, gbgigt, plckokojgc, cgig `rgcf tug,
plckokojgc `rgcf tug, kgc pljlrmggc `rgcf tug
- Jlbuegc \t
\tgig
Gbgsgc gtgu jlbuegc ygcf ilc`cm`b pgkg pgsolc KED uctuj kgtgcf
71
- Q`bg gj
gjtovotgs kg
kgc i`nobosgso = ilcffgingrjgc gjtovotgs plcfosogc
wgjtu slegro egro
- Q`bg
Q`bg tokur
tokur kgc
kgc ostorg
ostorgegt
egt = ilcff
ilcffgin
gingrj
grjgc
gc p`bg
p`bg ostorg
ostorgegt
egt kgc
kgc tokur
tokur
- Q`bg
Q`bg pl
plrs
rslp
lpso
so kg
kgc
c j`cs
j`cslp
lp ko
koro
ro jligi
jligipu
pugc
gc ilcf
ilcffg
fgin
ingr
grjg
jgc
c ko
koro
ro
Ql
Qlil
ilro
rojs
jsgg
ggc
c pl
plcu
cucm
cmgc
gcf
f yg
ygcf
cf iucf
iucfjo
joc
c ko
kobg
bgju
jujg
jgc
c pg
pgkg
kg
plcklrotg
KED gctgrg bgoc gkgbge (Vomgygcocfsoe >176) =
7) Qlilrojsggc kgrge blcfjgp
Qlilro
Qlilrojsg
jsggc
gc kgrge
kgrge rutoc
rutoc kob
kobgjuj
gjujgc
gc uctuj
uctuj ililro
ililrojsg
jsg jgkgr
jgkgr
eli`fb
eli`fb`no
`noc,
c, eligt`
eligt`jro
jrot,
t, muibge
muibge tr`in`
tr`in`sot
sot.. Qlcocfjg
Qlcocfjgtgc
tgc cob
cobgo
go
77
eligt`jrot ygcf slbgbu komuipgo pgkg KED ilrupgjgc ockojgt`r
tlrmgkocyg plrlinlsgc pbgsig.
g) Qgkg kligi klcful tlrkgpgt Bluj`plcog pgkg egro jlkug gtgu
egro jltofg.
n) Qgkg
Qgkg klig
kligi
i nlr
nlrkgrg
kgrge
e tlr
lrkg
kgpg
pgtt tr
tr`i
`in`
n`so
sot`
t`pl
plco
cogg kgc
kgc
eli`j`cslctrgso.
h) Qgkg plilrojsggc joiog kgrge= Eop`pr`tlocliog,,
Eop`pr`tlocliog
eop`jb`rliog,,
eop`jb`rliog
XFQ[, XF@[, urlui kgc Qe kgrge iucfjoc ilcocfjgt.
>) \m
\moo Xlr`b
Xlr`b`f
`foo 9 \m
\moo EO (E
(Eli
ligfb
gfbut
utoc
ocgt
gto`
o`c
c Oc
Oceo
eono
noto
to`c
`c [lst
[lst)) \m
\moo
slr`b`fo kokgsgrjgc gtgs toinubcyg gcton`ky pgkg plcklrotg ygcf
tlrmgk
tlrmgkoo sltlbg
sltlbge
e ocdljs
ocdljso.
o. \ctuj
\ctuj ilclct
ilclctujg
ujgc
c jgkgr
jgkgr gcton`
gcton`ky
ky gtgu
gtgu
gctoflc kokgsgrjgc pgkg igcodlstgso rlgjso gctoflc-gcton`ky. Gkg
tofg jgtlf`ro, ygotu proilr, sljucklr, kgc tlrsolr. ^lgjso proilr
ilrupgjgc rlgjso tgegp gwgb ygcf kgpgt nlrbgcmut ilcmgko rlgjso
sl
slju
juck
cklr
lr gt
gtgu
gu tl
tlrs
rsol
olr.
r. _gcf
_gcf igcg
igcg to
tokg
kgj
j kg
kgpg
pgtt ko
kobo
boeg
egtt kg
kgc
c
nlrbgcfsucf sgcfgt hlpgt, vosugbosgso nogsgcyg kobgjujgc klcfgc
ilinlro bgnlb gcton`ky gtgu gctoflc klcfgc db`urlslcs, rgko`gjtod,
gtgu lczoigtoj. ^lgjso sljucklr ilrupgjgc bgcmutgc kgro rlgjso
proilr klcfgc igcodlstgso ygcf kgpgt koboegt slhgrg oc votr` slplrto
prlstopotgso, db`jubgso, kgc gfbutocgso. ^lgjso tlrsolr ilrupgjgc
Qrocsop ilt`kl oco gkgbge ilcfujur hgipurgc totlr OfI kgc OfF
nlrkgsgrjgc pgkg jligipugc gcton`ky-klcful ygcf kgpgt
ilcfegingt rlgjso eligfbutocgso kgrge gcfsg `ble vorus klcful
ygcf koslnut rlgjso eligfbutocgso oceonot`r (EO).
;) \mo cltrgbosgso (Clutrgbosgso [lst 9 C[ tlst)
7>
Ilrupgjgc umo slr`b`fo ygcf pgbocf splsodoj kgc slcsotod uctuj
vorus
klcful.. Ilcffucgjgc ilt`kl pbgful rlkuhto`c clutrgbozgto`c tlst
klcful
C[).. Qbgqul gkgbge kglrge tlipgt vorus ilcfocdljso slb kgc
(Q^C[)
(Q^
ngtgs ygcf mlbgs gjgc koboegt tlregkgp slb ko sljotgr ygcf tokgj
tlrjlcg ocdljso
<) \mo LBOXG gcto klcful
Kogfc`sg
Kogfc`sg jlplrgwgtgc
jlplrgwgtgc ilrupgjgc
ilrupgjgc sugtu
sugtu plcobgogc
plcobgogc jbocos
jbocos ilcflcgo
ilcflcgo
rlsp`cs jbolc tlregkgp igsgbge jlslegtgc gtgu pr`sls jleokupgc ygcf
kogb
kogbgi
gioc
ocyg
yg ng
ngoj
oj nl
nlrb
rbgc
gcfs
fsucf
ucf gj
gjtu
tugb
gb igup
igupuc
uc p`tlc
p`tlcso
sogb
gb.. Ko
Kogf
gfc`s
c`sgg
jlplrgwgtgc
jlplrgwgtgc nlrtumugc
nlrtumugc uctuj ilcfoklcto
ilcfoklctodojgs
dojgsoo rlsp`cs
rlsp`cs jbolc ockovoku,
ockovoku,
jlbugrfg kgc j`iucotgs tlregkgp sotugso ygcf nlrjgotgc klcfgc jlslegtgc.
Kogfc`sg
Kogfc`sg jlplrgwgtgc
jlplrgwgtgc ygcf slrocf iuchub pgkg jgsus KED ygotu (Lrkoc
(Lrkoc
78
d. Eop`v`bliog nlreunucfgc klcfgc plcocfjgtgc plrilgnobotgs jgpoblr
kotgckgo klcfgc jln`h`rgc pbgsig kgrge
f. Oct`blrgcso gjtovotgs nlreunucfgc klcfgc jlbligegc
e. Kldosot
Kldosot plcfltge
plcfltgeugc
ugc nlreunucfg
nlreunucfgc
c klcfgc jurgcf tlrpgpgr
tlrpgpgr ocd`rigs
ocd`rigsoo
o. Gcsolt
Gcsoltgs
gs nlreu
nlreunucf
nucfgc
gc klcfgc
klcfgc jrosos
jrosos so
sotug
tugso`
so`cgb
cgb
m. ^osoj` plrkgrgegc kotgckgo klcfgc j`gfubgso (tr`in`sot`plcog)
j. ^osoj` sy`j kotgckgo klcfgc jljurgcfgc v`buil hgorgc
8. Qlrlchgcggc Jlplrgwgtgc
7;
Totgb ilingoj 7) Q`sosojgc slio d`wblr
(<) gtgu d`wblr
>) Nlro
Nlrojg
jgc
c ioc
iocui
ui eg
egcf
cfgt
gt
8) Nlrojg
Nlrojgc
c `jso
`jsoflc
flc,, mojg
mojg plrb
plrb
Lkujgso =
7) Gcm
cmur
urjg
jgc
c gs
gsup
upgc
gc hg
hgoorg
rgc
c
>111 ib/egr
ib/egro,
o, mojg
mojg to
tokgj
kgj
j`ctrgockojgso J`bgn`rgso
J`bgn`rgso =
7) J`bgn`rgso plinlrogc
nr`cj`kobgt`r,
ljsplj
ljspljt`r
t`rgc,
gc, iuj
iuj`bo
`botoj
toj,,
7<
plriujggc tunue
;) Nlro
Nlrojg
jgc
c hgo
hgorg
rgc
c `rg
`rgbb
<) Bg
Bgju
jujgc
jgc pl
plck
ckoc
ocfo
focgc
cgc
ljstlrcgb (ios, j`iprls
kocfoc pgkg kgeo, blelr,
kgkg, gnk`ilc, gjsobg)
4) Eo
Eockg
ckgro
ro pl
plin
inlr
lrog
ogc
c
gctoporltoj gtgu gsporoc
6) Nlro
Nlrojg
jgc
c `jso
`jsofl
flc,
c, moj
mojgg
plrbu
Lkujgso =
7) Gcmu
Gcmurj
rjgc
gc tor
torge
ge ngr
ngroc
ocf
f
J`bgn`rgso =
7) J`bg
J`bgn`
n`rg
rgso
so plin
plinlr
lrog
ogc
c
hgorgc kgc lbljtr`bot
octrgvlcg, mojg plrbu
8 Cylro gjut Xltlbge kobgjujgc Igcgmlilc Cylro (b.15>85)
nlreunucfgc octlrvlcso @nslrvgso =
klcfgc gflc jlplrgwgtgc slbgig 8 7) Oklctodojgso b`jgso,
plchlklrg jgbo >; mgi, igjg jgrgjtlrostoj, kurgso,
doso`b`fos Cylro ilcuruc drljulcso, jugbotgs,
74
c`cdgrigj`b`fos uctuj
ilcfurgcfo rgsg cylro
(ios,
>) tl
tlrg
rgpo
po ius
iusoj
oj,, j`ipr
j`iprls
ls
egcfgt/kocfoc, tlrgpo
nlrigoc)
8) J`ct
J`ctr`
r`bb bo
bocfj
cfjucf
ucfgc
gc ygcf
ygcf
iliplrnlrgt rgsg cylro
(ios, sueu
;) ru
rugc
gcfg
fgc,
c, plch
plchgeg
gegyg
yggc
gc,,
jlnosocfgc)
<) Dgsobo
Dgsobotgs
tgsoo oosto
storge
rgegt
gt kgc
tokur
Lkujgso =
7) Ml
Mlbg
bgsj
sjgc
gc st
strg
rgtl
tlfo
fo
ilrlkgjgc cylro
>) Gcmu
Gcmurj
rjgc
gc ili`
ili`co
cot`
t`rr
cylro slhgrg igckoro
8) Gm
Gmgr
grjg
jgc
c ttlj
ljco
coj
j
c`cdgrigj`b`fos uctuj
ilcfurgcfo rgsg cylro
J`bgn`rgso =
7) J`bg
J`bgn`
n`rg
rgso
so plin
plinlr
lrog
ogc
c
gcgbfltoj, mojg plrbu
; Kldosot cutroso Xltlbge kobgjujgc Igcgmlilc Cutroso (b.1877?)
nlreunucfgc octlrvlcso @nslrvgso =
klcfgc dgjt`r jlplrgwgtgc slbgig 8 7) Oklcto
Oklctodo
dojgs
jgsoo stgtu
stgtuss cutros
cutrosoo
psoj`b`fos jgbo >; mgi, igjg >) Okl
klc
ctodojg
jgsso gblrfo kg
kgc
c
(jllcffgcgc Xtgtus Cutroso oct`blrgcso igjgcgc
uctuj igjgc) ilingoj klcfgc 8) Oklctodojgso igjgcgc
76
(K.117?) jrotlrg egsob = ygcf kosujgo
7) Q`r
Q`rso igj
igjgc
gcgc
gc ;) I`co
I`cot`
t`rr gsupg
gsupgc
c igj
igjgc
gc
ygcf <) I`co
I`cot`
t`rr nlr
nlrgt
gt ngkgc
ngkgc
koegnosjgc 4) I`co
I`cot`
t`rr egs
egsob
ob
ilcocfjgt (<) plilrojsggc bgn`rgt`roui
>) Drlj
lju
ulcso [lrgplutoj =
igjgc 7) Nlro
Nlrojg
jgc
c igjgc
igjgcgc
gc tocf
tocffo
fo
ilingoj (<) slrgt uctuj ilchlfge
8) Cgdsu igjgc j`cstopgso
ilingoj (<) >) Nlro
Nlrojg
jgc
c igjgc
igjgcgc
gc tocf
tocffo
fo
jgb`ro kgc tocffo pr`tloc
8) Nlro
Nlrojg
jgc
c su
supb
pbli
lilc
lc
75
gjtovotgs octlrvlcso @nslrvgso =
nlreunucfgc jlplrgwgtgc slbgig 8 7) I`cot
`cot`r
`r jlb
jlblb
lbge
gegc
gc doso
soj
j
klcfgc jgbo >; mgi, igjg kgc li`so`cgb
jlbligegc [`blrgcso Gjtovotgs >) I`cot`r p`bg kgc mgi
(K <4) ilcocfjgt klcfgc tokur
jrotlrog egsob = [lrgplutoj =
7) Drlj
Drljul
ulcs
csoo 7) Xl
Xlko
kogj
gjgc
gc bo
bocf
cfjuc
jucfg
fgc
c
Cgko cygigc kgc rlckge
ilcocfjgt (<) stoiubus (ios, hgegyg,
>) Jli
Jliukge
ukgegc
gc sugrg, jucmucfgc)
kgbgi >) Nlrojg
Nlrojgc
c gjtov
gjtovotg
otgss kostr
kostrgjs
gjsoo
ilbgjujgc ygcf ilclcgcfjgc
gjtovotgs Lkujgso =
slegro-egro 7) Gcmurjgc torge ngrocf
ilcocfjgt (<) >) Gcmurjgc ilbgjujgc
8) Drlj
Drljul
ulcs
csoo gjtovotgs slhgrg nlrtgegp
cgpgs 8) Gcmurjgc ilcfeunucfo
ilingoj (<) plrgwgt mojg tgckg kgc
flmgbg jlblbgegc tokgj
nlrjurgcf
J`bgn`rgso =
7) J`bg
J`bgn`
n`rg
rgso
so klcf
klcfgc
gc gebo
gebo
fozo tlctgcf hgrg
ilcocfjgtjgc gsupgc
igjgcgc
4 Kldosot Xltlbge kobgjujgc Lkujgso Jlslegtgc (b.7>858)
plcfltgeugc octlrvlcso @nslrvgso =
nlreunucfgc jlplrgwgtgc slbgig 8 7) Ok
Oklc
lcto
todo
dojgs
jgsoo jl
jlso
sogp
gpgc
gc kgc
kl
klcf
cfgc
gc jurgc
jurgcf
f jgbo >; mgi, igjg jl
jlig
igip
ipug
ugc
c ilcl
ilclro
roig
ig
tlrpgpgr [ocfjgt Qlcfltgeugc ocd`rigso
7?
ocd`rigso ilcocfjgt klcfgc Lkujgso =
(K.1777) jrotlrog egsob = 7) Mlbgsjgc dght`r rosoj`
7) Jli
Jligipu
gipugc
gc ygcf kgpgt
ilcmlbgsjgc iliplcfgrueo jlslegtgc
plcfltgeugc >) Gmgrjgc plrobgju eokup
tlctgcf sugtu nlrsoe kgc slegt
t`poj 8) Gmgrjgc strgtlfo ygcf
ilcocfjgt (<) kgpgt kofucgjgc uctuj
>) Ql
Qlro
robg
bgju
ju sls
slsug
ugoo ilcocfjgtjgc plrobgju
plcfltgeugc
ilcocfjgt (<)
8) Qlrslpso ygcf
jlboru tlregkgp
igsgbge
ilcuruc (<)
;. Lvgb
Lvgbug
ugso
so Jlpl
Jlplrg
rgwg
wgtg
tgc
c
Lvgbugso gkgbge plcobgogc egsob kgc pr`sls. Qlcobgogc egsob ilclctujgc
slnlrgpg mgue jlnlregsobgc ygcf kohgpgo slngfgo jlbugrgc kgro tockgjgc.
Qlcobgogc pr`sls ilclctujgc gpgjge gkg jljlborugc kgro sltogp tgegpgc
pr`sls iubgo kgro plcfjgmogc, kogfc`sg, plrlchgcggc, tockgjgc kgc
lvgbugso (Gbo >176). Lvgbugso ilrupgjgc tgegp gjeor ygcf nlrtumugc uctuj
ilcobgo gpgjge tockgjgc jlplrgwgtgc ygcf tlbge kobgjujgc tlrhgpgo gtgu
tokgj uctuj ilcfgtgso sugtu igsgbge.
>1
KGD[G^ Q\X[GJG
^lsto.. (>176).
^lsto (>176). Jgsus KNK ko Mgjslb [lrus Ilcocfjgt . Kopltoj Muco >;, >175, kgro
Q`sj`tgclws = ettps/p`sj`tgclws.h`i/>176/77/></jgsus-knk-ko-mgjslb-t
ettps/p`sj`tgclws.h`i/>176/77/></jgsus-knk-ko-mgjslb-tlrus-
lrus-
ilcocfjgt/
Tygs, Mgtoc I, lt gb. (>176). Klcful Eli`rregfoh Dlvlr. Kogjsls pgkg egro slbgsg,
>1 @jt`nlr >176 mgi 7>.11 VON kgro
ettps=//www.cbi.coe.f`v/ilkboclupbus/lchy/grtohbl/117868.eti
VE@. (>176). Klcful gck Xlvlrl Klcful. Kogjsls pgkg egro slbgsg, >1 @jt`nlr
>176 mgi 7>.11 VON kgro
ettps=//www.we`.oct/ilkoghlctrl/dghtsellts/ds776/lc/
>7