MF[Y@KQGGM@F

Astl krloìgl y ldlrolfta afharoaklk ragmia su f`oira kad crmac` —radìoplc`‟ ` —ir`tlr
vm`daftloafta‟, gulkr` axtraolkloafta crlva qua puaka prasaftlrsa kurlfta ad aoilrlz`, ad
trliln` ka plrt`, y af `glsm`fas af ad p`stplrt`.

Ad plpmr` ka Bljuf (Uatrma), qua kltl ka ldrakak`r ka <:15 lü`s l.G, plraga jliar g`ftafmk`
gmartl kasgrmpgm÷f ka dl afharoaklk, gulfk` gmtl uf lrgud` ka H. D. Crmtj (Irmsj Oakmgld
N`urfld, <:=7) qumaf mftarpratlil kmgj` plpmr` ka dl smcumafta olfarl> —plrl pravafmr l ufl ounar
ka o`rkarsa su dafcul uf kïl kaspuís kad plrt`…‟. Ka lguark` g`f Gjasday, d`s crmac`s g`f`gïlf
yl ka dl axmstafgml ka dl praagdlopsml, olftafmafk` qua Jmp÷grltas (;85-733 l.G) asgrmim÷ af sus
lh`rmso`s lgargl kad gulkr`. Wmf aoilrc`, Lklos7, af su trlkuggm÷f kmga> —rasudtl hltld plrl ufl
ounar af astlk` ka castlgm÷f sm addl g`fvudsm`fl g`f guldqumar afharoaklk lcukl‟, d` guld lopdïl
su radlgm÷f f` s`d` l dl agdlopsml. W`safa tloimíf Gjasday, qua Cldaf`, af ad smcd` MM k. G., astlil

ka lguark` g`f Jmp÷grltas y g`oaftlil qua dl apmdapsml, lp`pdanïl, g`fvudsm`fas y títlf`s, arlf
tloimíf o`rtldas. Dl dmtarlturl s`ira dl Agdlopsml (A) g`omafzl raldoafta g`f ad lkvafmomaft` ka
dls oltr`fls vlr`fas af Hrlfgml (smcd` ZXMM). Dl praagdlopsml (UA) f` hua kmharafgmlkl ka dl
apmdap
apmdapsml
sml jls
jlstl
tl <37=
<37= p`r Wluva
Wluvacas
cas.. Kao
Kaolfa
lfat,
t, af <3=3,
<3=3, afg`f
afg`ftr÷
tr÷ lfl
lflslr
slrgl
gl af 8 plg
plgmaf
maftas
tas
agdìop
agdìopgl
gls.
s. Dav
Davar
ar y Wmops`
Wmops`f
f af <:;7
<:;7 afg`f
afg`ftrl
trlr`f
r`f pr`
pr`tam
tamfur
furml
ml af plg
plgma
mafta
ftass agd
agdìop
ìopgl
glss
(kaslplragïl af ad p`splrt`). Aftra <:73-<:83 dl o`rtldmklk oltarfl p`r asl glusl arl kad 75%, y
l fldas kad smcd` ZMZ sa uimglil af 9;% (ahagt` ka d`s lfastísmg`s y dl saklgm÷f g`f flrg÷g`s).
 

UYAAGDLOUWML

KAHMFMGM@FAW>

Dl Uraagdlopsml (UA) as uf trlst`rf` oudsmstíomg` kad aoilrlz` y puarparm`, qua g`opdmgl

lpr`xmolkloafta ld 8 l :% ka t`k`s d`s aoilrlz`s af plïsas kaslrr`ddlk`s.

Dl praagdlopsml as ufl g`fkmgm÷f qua sa pr`kuga f`roldoafta kaspuís ka 95 saolfls ka

aoilrlz`. As ufl g`oimflgm÷f ka>

• Dl prasm÷f lrtarmld adavlkl (jmpartafsm÷f)

• Dl pr`taïfl af dl `rmfl (pr`tamfurml).

Dl glusl axlgtl ka dl pra-agdlopsml f` sa afafka.

L oafuk` f` jly sïft`ols y qua puakaf sar rag`cmk`s af sus gmtls prafltldas ka rufl gulfk` sa

afa su prasm÷f lrtarmld y sa pruail ka `rmfl. U`r astl rlz÷f, sa da pmka qua trlmcl ufl ouastrl ka
`rmfl plrl sus gmtls.

F` axmsta ufl pruail aspagïgl plrl su kmlcf÷sg`, y asta sa ilsl af dl kmlkl gdïfmgl ka>

l) jmpa
jmpartafs
rtafsm÷f
m÷f lrtarmld
lrtarmld (J[L)
(J[L) (6 <;5 ooJc
ooJc ka smst÷dmgl
smst÷dmgl ` 6 =5 ooJc ka km
kmlst÷d
lst÷dmgl,
mgl, t`o
t`olkl
lkl
af p`smgm÷f saftlkl) i) pr`tamfurml (6 5.7 cr. af 9; j`rls). Dl UA sa gdlsmgl af o`karlkl `
crlva, af ilsa l dl savarmklk ka dl J[L y pr`tamfurml, y dl prasafgml ka sïft`ols y smcf`s
qua olfmastaf g`opr`oms` ka `tr`s ÷rclf`s. Af dl UA o`karlkl, dl prasm÷f lrtarmld f`
s`iraplsl d`s <85/<<5 ooJc, dl pr`tamfurml as oaf`r l 1 cr af 9; j`rls, dl kmurasms

oly`r l 155 gg af 9; j`rls, y puaka ls`gmlrsa l akaol cafarldmzlk` o`karlk`, par` smf
g`opr`oms` ka dl g`lcudlgm÷f, japìg` fm faur`d÷cmg`. G`o` g`ftrlplrkl, af dl UA
savarl, d`s vld`ras ka prasm÷f lrtarmld y pr`tamfurml s`f suparm`ras, dl kmurasms af 9; j`rls
oaf`r l 155 gg, jly akaol cafarldmzlk`, qua puaka ddaclr l lflslrgl y akaol pudo`flr,
y puaka ls`gmlrsa l tr`oi`gmt`pafml, adavlgm÷f ka afzmols japìgls ` olfmhastlgm`fas
ka g`opr`oms` kad smstaol farvm`s` gaftrld. Astls þdols g`rrasp`fkaf ld gulkr` gdïfmg`
9 kad sïfkr`oa ka jmparparhusm÷f afgahìdmgl, y s`f prmfgmpldoafta> gahldal, ldtarlgm`fas
vmsuldas (h`shaf`s, kmsomfugm÷f ka lcukazl vmsuld, atg.) y ldtarlgm÷f ka g`fgmafgml. Gulfk`
astìf prasaftas sa jlidl ka smcf`s prao`fmt`rm`s ` ka agdlopsml mfomfafta.
 

i) Wma
Wmafk`
fk` dl UA uf trlst`rf`
trlst`rf` oudsmstíom
oudsmstíomg`,
g`, dls g`opdmgl
g`opdmglgm`f
gm`fas
as oltarfls
oltarfls s`f kmvar
kmvarsls.
sls. Dls
prmfgmpldas s`f> kasprafkmomaft` praoltur` ka pdlgaftl f`ro`mfsartl, akaol pudo`flr,
mfsugmafgml glrkmlgl, mfsugmafgml rafld, klü` japlt`gadudlr, g`lcudlgm÷f mftrlvlsgudlr
kmsaomflkl, sïfkr`oa ka jmparparhusm÷f afgahìdmgl y ouarta. Wa asol qua dl agdlopsml
as dl glusl kad <5% ka dls ouartas oltarfls af plïsas kaslrr`ddlk`s.

G`o` as ka sup`far, dl UA y agdlopsml tloimíf sa radlgm`flf g`f g`opdmglgm`fas hatldas,

smafk` dls oìs hraguaftas> praolturaz, ratlrk` kad gragmomaft` mftrlutarmf`, lsxml parmfltld y
o`rtldmklk parmfltld.

Qf` ka d`s grmtarm`s kmlcf÷sg`s ka dl UA as dl J[L. Dl J[L as dl g`opdmglgm÷f oíkmgl oìs

hraguafta kad aoilrlz`. Wa lg`stuoirl l gdlsmglrdl g`o`>

 J[L praaxmstafta, jlimtuldoafta prasafta yl lftas ka dls 95 saolfls ka aoilrlz`.

Lhagtl ld 7 l 1% ka dls aoilrlzlkls, y uf 91% kaslrr`ddl UA.
 J[L ls`gmlkl ld aoilrlz`, qua sa prasaftl af ad <9% ka dls aoilrlzlkls, uf 8 l 3%
g`rrasp`fka l J[L castlgm`fld, smf oly`r rapargusm÷f, y uf 1 l 8% l UA

AUMKAOM@D@CML

 Dl praagdlopsml as g`oþf y lhagtl l aftra k`s y `gj` ka glkl <55 ounaras kurlfta ad
aoilrlz`.
 Dl praagdlopsml savarl puaka sar o`rtld plrl dl olkra y ad iaií.
 Lpr`xm
Lpr`xmolk
olkloa
loafta
fta ufl
ufl ka glkl
glkl 955 ounara
ounarass (5,
(5,1%)
1%) kas
kaslrr
lrr`dd
`ddlf
lf praag
praagdlo
dlopsm
psmll crl
crlva
va
kurlfta ad aoilrlz`.


D`s sïft`ols afkaf l `gurrmr oìs tlrka af ad aoilrlz`, par` tloimíf puakaf `gurrmr
p`r prmoarl vaz s`dloafta kaspuís kad flgmomaft`.
 L fmvad oufkmld, dl mfgmkafgml ka praagdlopsml `sgmdl aftra 9-<5% ka d`s aoilrlz`s, dl guld
as pragurs`r ka dl agdlopsml y vlrïl af t`k` ad oufk`.
 Dl @rclfmzlgm÷f Oufkmld ka dl Wlduk (@OW) asol qua dl mfgmkafgml ka praagdlopsml as
smata vagas oly`r af d`s plïsas af kaslrr`dd` qua af d`s kaslrr`ddlk`s (9,:% y 5,;% ka d`s
flgmk`s vmv`s raspagvloafta).
raspagvloafta).
 Dl mfgmkafgml ka agdlopsml af d`s plïsas kaslrr`ddlk`s ka F`rtaloírmgl y Aur`pl as smomdlr
y sa asol ldrakak`r ka 1 l 3 gls`s p`r glkl <5.555 plrt`s, omaftrls qua af plïsas af
 

kaslrr`dd` as vlrmlida, `sgmdlfk` aftra < gls` p`r glkl <55 aoilrlz`s l < p`r glkl <.355
aoilrlz`s.
 Dls tlsls ka d`s plïsas lhrmglf`s g`o` Wukìhrmgl, Acmpt`, [lfzlfml y A`pïl vlrïlf ka <,:%
l 3,<% y af Fmcarml, dl pravldafgml `sgmdl aftra 9% l <8,3%.

LWUAG[@W W@GMLDAW KA DL UYAAGDLOUWML

D`s hlgt`ras s`gmldas mfuyaf af dl praagdlopsml g`f 93% ka dls ouartas oltarfls y as
mop`rtlfta luoaftlr dl g`fgmafgml af dls ounaras s`ira dl fagasmklk ka ragmimr ltafgm÷f
ka aoarcafgml, sm surcaf g`opdmglgm`fas kurlfta ad plrt`, plrl lsacurlr dl mftarvafgm÷f
oíkmgl rìpmkl, aglz a mfgraoaftlr dl pr`ilimdmklk ka íxmt` tarlpíug` (<- 7). [`kl dl
g`oufm
g`oufmklk
klk kai
kaiaa sar gl
glplg
plgmtl
mtlkl
kl plrl
plrl rag`f`
rag`f`gar
gar d`s smcf`s
smcf`s,, kaslr
kaslrr`d
r`ddlr
dlr pdl
pdlfas
fas af
smtulgm`fas ka aoarcafgml a mfgdumr ad trlsdlk` l j`spmtldas, p`rqua dl rakuggm÷f kad rmasc`
ka ouarta sa vuadva oìs kmgmd gulfk` sa jlf kaslrr`ddlk` g`opdmglgm`fas.
g`opdmglgm`fas.

HMWM@UL[@D@CML

Jly vlrm`s oaglfmso`s gdlvas mfv`dugrlk`s qua avaftuldoafta g`fkugaf ld sïfkr`oa gdïfmg` ka
praagdlopsml> dl raspuastl mfoufa af dl mftarhlsa pdlgaftl-olkra, pdlgaftlgm÷f supargmld g`f
mfsug
mfsugmaf
mafta
ta rao
rao`ka
`kadlg
dlgm÷f
m÷f ka dls lrt
lrtarm
armls
ls as
aspmr
pmrlda
ldass utarmf
utarmfls,
ls, uf kas
kasild
ildlfg
lfgaa aft
aftra
ra hlg
hlgt`r
t`ras
as
lfcm`cífmg`s y astrís `xmklv` qua kasafglkafl mflolgm÷f smstíomgl.

Ad rasudtlk` as mfsugmafta hufgm÷f pdlgaftlrml g`oimflk` g`f dmiarlgm÷f ka hlgt`ras pdlgaftlrm`s

kaftr` ka dl gmrgudlgm÷f oltarfl lg`pdlk` l ufl axlcarlkl raspuastl mflolt`rml qua glusl ufl
kmshufgm÷f afk`tadmld cafarldmzlkl, lgvlgm÷f ka daug`gmt`s, kad g`opdaoaft` y lcduflgm÷f.

YAWUQAW[L MFOQFA AF DL MF[AYHLWA UDLGAF[L-OLKYA 

UDLGAF[L-OLKYA 

Dl aoirm` axprasm÷f ka lfcaf`s pltarf`s axtrlü`s lgvl dl racudlgm÷f kad smstaol mfoufa
oltarf` af dl mftarhlsa pdlgaftl-olkra qua as asafgmld plrl s`stafar ad aoilrlz`. Lufqua dls
gídudls tr`h`idìsgls vadd`sls axpuastls
axpuastls l dl slfcra oltarfl glragaf ka o`dígudls OJG gdlsa M y MM,
ad gmt`tr`h`id
gmt`tr`h`idlst`
lst` axtrlvadd
axtrlvadd`s`
`s` mfvls`r
mfvls`r axprasl dl gdlsa M l trlvís kad caf p`dmo÷rg
p`dmo÷rg`
` JDL-G
(lfcaf` daug`gmtlrm` juolf`).

Ad JDL-G as ad dmclfk` k`omflfta plrl ragapt`ras ka mfouf`cd`iudmfls lsasmfls (BMY) qua s`f
axpraslk`s p`r gídudls flturldas lsasmfls utarmfls (uFB). Ad smstaol p`dmo÷rg` ka cafas BMY
g`fafa k`s kmharaftas jlpd`p`s L y I2 ldcufls g`oimflgm`fas BMY/JDL-G prasuoaf sar oìs
 

hlv`rlidas plrl dl mfvlsm÷f ka dls gídudls kad tr`h`idlst`2 kaimk` l ast`s k`s smstaols ka cafas
p`dmo÷rg`s af ad sm` ka dl pdlgaftlgm÷f, dl hufgm÷f ka dls uFB puaka vlrmlr af glkl aoilrlz`2
p`r d` tlft`, glkl aoilrlz` afa kmharafta g`oimflgm÷f ka karmvlk`s hatldas pltarf`s JDL-G
s`ira ad tr`h`idlst` y BMY oltarf` s`ira gídudls FB. Astl mftarhlsa mfouf`d÷cmgl racrasl af dl
sacufkl omtlk kad aoilrlz` gulfk` dls vadd`smklkas kad smfgm`tr`h`idlst` qua glragaf ka
axprasm÷f ka JDL sa vuadvaf k`omflftas. Ad d`gus BMY juolf` g`fsmsta ka 3-<1 cafas af uf
omso` gr`o`s`ol <=q ad guld g`kmgl dl mfjmimgm÷f ` lgvlgm÷f BMY.

Udlgaftlgm÷f y lfcm`cífasms

Dls gídudls FB s`f dl p`idlgm÷f prak`omflfta ka dls gídudls dmfh`mkas kagmkuldas. Kurlfta ad
aoilrl
aoilrlz`
z` taoprl
taoprlf`
f` sa lguoud
lguoudlf
lf g`
g`o`
o` uf ka
kafs`
fs` mf
mfdtr
dtrlk`
lk` ldraka
ldrakak`r
k`r ka dls gídud
gídudls
ls kad
gmt`tr`h`idlst` mfvls`r. G``parlf g`f ad tr`h`idlst` axtrlvadd`s` plrl rao`kadlr l dls lrtarmls
aspmrldas, suhrmafk` ístls ufl trlfsmgm÷f apmtadmld l afk`tadm` l trlvís ka dl dmiarlgm÷f ka gmt`gmfls
qua astìf mfv`dugrlkls af dl lfcm`cífasms y astlimdmklk glrkm`vlsgudlr, tldas g`o` ad hlgt`r ka
gragmo
gragmomaf
maft`
t` vls
vlsgud
gudlr
lr afk
afk`ta
`tadmdmld
ld (XACH
(XACH),
), [CH-i
[CH-iatl
atl y afk`cd
afk`cdmfl
mfl s`duid
s`duida.
a. Ad dmclfk
dmclfk`
` hlg
hlgt`r
t`r ka
gragmomaft` vlsgudlr afk`tadmld (XACH) y sus ragapt`ras nuaclf uf plpad asafgmld af dl hufgm÷f
f`rold y plt`d÷cmgl kad afk`tadm`. Ad ragapt`r XACHY< tloimíf g`f`gmk` g`o` HD[< (Hos-dmba
tyr`smfa bmflsa <) as uf p` ragapt`r r`smfl qumflsl g`f oþdpdas dmclfk`s tldas g`o` ad hlgt`r
ka gragmomaft` pdlgaftlrm` (UdCH), XACH-L y XACH-I (hlgt`ras pr`lfcm`cífmg`s). Dl h`rol s`duida
f` trlfsoaoirlfl ka sH[D< sa afguaftrl olrglkloafta adavlkl af dl gmrgudlgm÷f ka ounaras g`f
praagdlopsml2 ad g`fgapt` lgtuld ka sHD[< af dl praagdlopsml as qua ltrlpl l sus dmclfk`s XACH y
Ud
UdCH
CH raku
rakugm
gmaf
afk`
k` su dmdmir
iraa gm
gmrg
rgud
udlg
lgm÷
m÷f
f p`r
p`r ka
kail
iln`
n` ka uf fmva
fmvadd grï
grïg`
g` (sHD
(sHD[<
[< as uf hlgt
hlgt`r
`r
lfl
lflfc
fcm`
m`cí
cífm
fmg`
g`).
). Dl pd
pdlg
lgaf
aftl
tl afa
afa ad oìs
oìs ld
ldt`
t` fm
fmva
vadd ka axpr
axpras
asm÷
m÷f
f ka YF
YFLo
Lo ka HD[<
HD[< af
g`oplrlgm÷f g`f `tr`s tanmk`s y dl axprasm÷f astì s`irarracudlkl p`r dl jmp`xml, dl guld adavl dl
pr`o`gm÷f kad caf HD[< af ad :5% ka dl pdlgaftl. Dl afk`cdmfl (AFC) as uf luxmdmlr kad ragapt`r
gadudlr ka supargma plrl ad hlgt`r trlfsh`rolk`r ka gragmomaft` iatl ([CH-iatl< y [CH-iatl7)
qua s`f p`taftas mfjmimk`ras ka dl omcrlgm÷f y kmharafgmlgm÷f kad tr`h`idlst`. Dl afk`cdmfl s`duida
mfjmia dl lggm÷f ka [CH-iatl< y [CH-iatl7. Dl axprasm÷f ka AFC y dl pr`kuggm÷f ka afk`cdmfl
s`duida astì s`irarracudlkl af dl praagdlopsml. Ad sHD[<, XACH, UMCH y AFC luoaftlf ; l :
saolfls lftas ka qua lplrazgl dl praagdlopsml. Ad UMCH as uf im`olrglk`r, qua l g`fgaftrlgm÷f
p`r liln` ka 1 pargafdas kaouastrl tafar ldtl safsmimdmklk (5.=82 =1% GM> 5.:=-5.==) y uf vld`r

prakmgv` (5.=:2 5.=7-5.=1) plrl prakagmr savarmklk

 

D`s sïft`ols ka pra agdlopsml savarl mfgduyaf>

 K`d`r ka gliazl savar` qua f` kaslplraga g`f lfldcísmg`s smopdas pr`idaols g`f dl
vmsm÷f, tldas g`o` vmsm÷f i`rr`sl ` plrplkalr kadlfta ka d`s `n`s
 K`d`r
K`d`r lcu
lcuk`
k` nu
nust`
st` kai
kailn`
ln` ka dls g`s
g`sdd
ddls
ls lgm
lgmka
kazz ast
ast`o
`olgl
lgldd qua
qua f` kaslp
kaslplra
lraga
ga g`f
lfìgmk`s luoaftlr rìpmkloafta dl jmfgjlz÷f ka dl glrl, dls olf`s ` d`s pmas safrsa
ouy old.

Af dl pra agdlopsml crlva, `tr`s ÷rclf`s, g`o` ad jïclk` ` d`s rmü`fas, l vagas puaka
ddaclr l sar lhagtlk`s y f` puaka jliar pr`idaols g`f dl g`lcudlgm÷f ka dl slfcra.

 Dl praagdlopsml crlva puaka pr`craslr l g`fvudsm`fas ` ltlquas lftas ` nust` kaspuís kad
flgmomaft` kad iaií. Astls g`fvudsm`fas sa ddlolf ltlquas ka agdlopsml y s`f p`g`
hraguafta, qua `gurraf af s÷d` uf` ka glkl ;.555 aoilrlz`s.

Glrlgtarïsgls crlvas ka Uraagdlopsml

Jmpartafsm÷f savarl (prasm÷f lrtarmld smst÷dmgl ka <85 oo Jc ` prasm÷f lrtarmld kmlst÷dmgl ka <<5
oo Jc )

[r`oi`gmt`pafml (pdlquatls
(pdlquatls 4 <55.555 / od )

Afzmols japìgls adavlkls (ad k`ida ka d` f`rold)

K`d`r af gulkrlfta suparm`r karagj` ` k`d`r apmcìstrmg` qua f` rasp`fka l dl oakmglgm÷f,

sïft`ols garairldas ` vmsuldas mfglfslidas

Mfsugmafgmll rafld (gralfmfl 6 <,< oc / kd ` k`s vagas f`rold)

Mfsugmafgm

Ad akaol pudo`flr
 

OLFAN@ KA UYA AGDLOUWML

UYAAGDLOUWML DAXA

Ad mfcras` j`spmtldlrm` as rag`oafklida plrl g`opdatlr ad astukm` mfmgmld y astlidagar dl plutl

l sacumr. F` as moprasgmfkmida sm ad hat` prasaftl pruails ka imafastlr hatld g`rragtls y dl

plgmafta smcua g`rragtloafta d`s g`ftr`das. Jlrì hldtl mfcraslr l dl plgmafta sm l paslr kad
trltlomaft` lkagulk` loiudlt`rm` f` sa g`fsmcua dl astlimdmzlgm÷f ka dl UL 4 <85/<<5.

G`ftr`d lftafltld>

 astrmgt`, yl qua dl UA as axtraolkloafta vlrmlida y puaka aopa`rlr irusgloaf

irusgloafta>
ta>
` G`ftr`d af dl Qfmklk ka GMY-UA <-9 vagas/saolfl kas kad kmlcf÷sg`.
` Yastrm
Yastrmggm
ggm÷f
÷f ka dl lgvmk
lgvmklk
lk ka dl castlf
castlfta
ta (rap`s
(rap`s`
` rad
radlv
lv`)
`) y kma
kmatl
tl f`r
f`rold
old
(f`ro`gld÷rmgl, f`o`s÷kmgl y f`ro`pr`tamgl) l f` sar qua `trl plt`d`cïl d`
g`ftrlmfkmqua.
` Mfh`rolgm÷f s`ira d`s sïft`ols pr`kr÷omg`s ka agdlopsml y praagdlopsml (sa
rag`omafkl qua g`fsudta l urcafgmls lfta su lplrmgm÷f).
` Lut`g`ftr`d ka dl UL> 9-7 vagas/kïl.
` G`ftr`d lfldïg`> glkl <1 kïls ` sm jly gloim`s gdïfmg`s (jao`crlol g`opdat`,
hufgm`fldmso` rafld (gralfmfl, ìgmk` þrmg`, Fl, B), hufgm`fldmso` japìg` (LW[,
LD[)) y DKJ
LD[ DKJ.. Wm f` jly tr`oi`
tr`oi`paf
pafml
ml f` jlg
jlgaf
af hldtl
hldtl ast
astukm
ukm`s
`s ka g`lcu
g`lcudlg
dlgm÷f
m÷f
lkmgm`fldas l d`s pr`pm`s kad g`ftr`d castlgm`fld).
` Ur`tafþrml ka 9; j`rls glkl <1 kïls ` sm jly gloim`s gdïfmg`s.
` G`ftr`d kad imafastlr hatld glkl <1 kïls ` sm jly gloim` gdïfmg`. Xld`rlgm÷f kad
grag
gragmo
moma
maft
ft`
` ha
hatl
tld,
d, dïdïqu
qumk
mk`
` lofm
lofm÷
÷g`
g`,, K`
K`pp
ppda
darr uo
uoim
imdmdmg`
g`-h
-hat
atld
ld.. Wm f` jl
jlyy
g`o`rimdmklk ad `inav` as olftafar dls [LW aftra <75-<11 y dl tLK aftra :5-<51.
Mfmgmlr trltlomaft` af lquaddls plgmaftas af qua f` sa puakl raldmzlr uf g`ftr`d
lkagulk`. Wm axmsta g`-o`rimdmklk ad `inav` as olftafar dls [LW aftra <75-<;1 y
dls [LK aftra :5-=1. Wa puakaf udmzlr kmharaftas hìrolg`s, dl adaggm÷f ka d`s
guldas kapafka ka dl axparmafgml y ka dl axmstafgml ka g`ftrlmfkmglgm`fas. Ad
dliatld`d sa g`fsmkarl ad hìrolg` ka prmoarl adaggm÷f ([lidl <). Hmfldmzlgm÷f ka dl
castlgm÷f l dls 73-7: saolfls, af hufgm÷f kad Imsj`p y kad pr`f÷sg` kad plrt`.
 

UYA AGDLOUWML CYLXA>

Wa jl ka mfcraslr l dl castlfta plrl raldmzlr ufl vld`rlgm÷f kad astlk` oltarf`-hatld y astlidagar
dl fagasmklk ka trltlomaft`.

Xld`rlgm÷f mfmgmld>

 G`ftr`d ka UL glkl 1 omfut`s jlstl dl astlimdmzlgm÷f kad gulkr`. U`starm`roafta g`ftr`d

j`rlrm`.
 Axpd`rlgm÷f `istítrmgl cafarld (mfgduya ad [FW, asolgm÷f kad gragmomaft` hatld y K`ppdar
utarmf`/uoimdmgld/hatld).
 G`
G`ft
ftr`
r`dd lfld
lfldï
ïg`
g`>> Jao`
Jao`cr
crlo
loll g`
g`op
opda
dat`
t`,, hu
hufg
fgm÷
m÷f
f rafl
rafldd (ìgm
(ìgmk`
k` þr
þrmg
mg`,
`, gr
gral
alf
fmf
mfl,
l,
m`f`crlol), DKJ, LW[ y LD[, g`lcudlgm÷f.
 Gudv` WCI sm 679 saolfls.
 Olkurlgm÷f pudo`flr hatld aftra dls 9;-7;.8 saolfls (sacþf pr`t`g`d` aspagïg`).


Kmatl f`ro`gld÷rmgl, f`ro`pr`tamgl y f`ro`s÷kmgl.

Xld`rlgm÷f ka dl fagasmklk ka trltlomaft` hlrolg`d÷cmg` ka dl J[L>

 Ad trltlomaft` ka dl J[L savarl (UL 6 <85/<<5) as ad `inav` prm`rmtlrm` af dl UA crlva. Ad

`inav` as g`fsacumr dl [LW aftra <;5-<11 y dl [LK aftra =5-<51 g`f dl oïfmol k`sms
aglz p`smida.
 As mop`
mop`rt
rtlf
lfta
ta av
avmt
mtlr
lr ka
kasg
sgaf
afs`
s`ss ir
irus
usg`
g`ss ka dl UL p`
p`rr ad rmas
rmasc`
c` ka jmp`
jmp`pa
parh
rhus
usm÷
m÷f
f
pdlgaftlrml. Wa puakaf udmzlr kmharaftas hìrolg`s, dl adaggm÷f ka d`s guldas kapafka ka dl
axparmafgml y ka dl axmstafgml ka g`ftrlmfkmglgm`fas.
g`ftrlmfkmglgm`fas.

Dls ldtarflvls tarlpíugls hlrolg`d÷cmgls

Ad iafagm` ka dl oakmglgm÷f lfjmpartafsmvl af dava l o`karlkl GJ[F smcua smafk` mfgmart` y ad

trltlomaft` f` sa rag`omafkl plrl GJ[F parsmstafta g`f ufl ULW mfharm`r l <85 oo Jc y uf KIU
ka oaf`s ka <51ooJc. Kad omso` o`k`, dl oakmglgm÷f lfjmpartafsmvl f` as rag`oafklk`
plrl CJ[F ` praagdlopsml g`f ufl ULW mfharm`r l <85 ooJc y ufl ULK ka oaf`s ka <<5 ooJc.
[rltlomaft` ka dava l o`karlkl jmpartafsm÷f kl duclr l uf 15% kmsomfumr af ad kaslrr`dd` ka
jmpartafsm÷f crlva, par` f` jly kmharafgml af dl praagdlopsml u `tr`s rasudtlk`s ka lguark` g`f
ufl ravmsm
ravmsm÷f
÷f sms
smstao
taoìg
ìgll G`gjrl
G`gjrlfa
fa U`r ad g`
g`ftr
ftrlrm
lrm`,
`, ad trltlo
trltlomaf
maft`
t` sa rag
rag`om
`omafk
afkll plr
plrll dl

jmpartafsm÷f savarl (ULW <85 ooJc y / `rKIU6 <51-<<5oo Jc) qua parsmsta kurlfta oìs ka
 

<1omfutas. [`k`s d`s hìrolg`s lfjmpartafsmv`s ltrlvmaslf dl pdlgaftl y dl oly`rïl s`f H``k lfk
Kruc Lkomfmstrl`f ka dl gltac`rïl G (rmasc`s kao`strlk`s af lfmoldas sa jlf raldmzlk` astukm`s,
par` f` jly astukm`s af juolf`s2 iafagm`s puakaf sar oly`ras qua d`s rmasc`s).

D`s gloim`s af dls aquatls ka oakmgloaft`s, qua mfgduyaf dl admomflgm÷f ka dls gltac`rïls ka
datrls aftrlr`f af vmc`r 75 ka nufm` ka 95<1. Ad fuav` h`rolt` ka aquatlk` sa udmzl plrl t`k`s
d`s fuav`s hìrolg`s prasaftlrsa gulfk` gloim`s af d`s hìrolg`s lgtuldoafta lpr`ilk`s sa
mftr`kugmrìf crlkuldoafta. D`s pr`idaols g`f dl oakmglgm÷f us` kurlfta ad aoilrlz` sa puaka
kmvmkmr af tarlt`cafmgmklk (prmoar trmoastra), hat`t`xmgmklk (Kurlfta ad aoilrlz`), y af parm`k` ka
dlgtlfgml. Hlgt`ras qua o`kmglf ad fmvad ka rmasc` mfgduyaf lcafta, dl k`sms, y ad o`oaft`. G`o`
as t`k`, ad aoilrlz` f` pdlfmglk` kaolsmlk` g`oufas l oafuk` g`fkuga l ratrls`s af dl
iþsquakl ka ltafgm÷f prafltld y yl sal lut`-mftarrupgm÷f ` pr`vaak`r g`fsan`s plrl kanlr ka
t`olr
t`olr d`s oakm
oakmglo
gloaf
aft`s
t`s ragatlk
ragatlk`s
`s af ad sacufk`
sacufk` trmoa
trmoastr
stra,
a, o`oaf
o`oaft`
t` af ad gu
guld
ld yl sa jl
pr`kugmk` rmasc` ka tarlt`cífasms.

Jmpartafsm÷f oltarfl kurlfta ad aoilrlz` sa jl ls`gmlk` g`f uf oly`r rmasc` ka kahagt`s ka

flgmomaft` p`smidaoafta kaimk` l ldtarlgm`fas af ad un` slfcuïfa` utarmf` Ast`s mfgduyaf
glrkm`pll g`fcífmtl, ltrasml as`hìcmgl, a jmp`splkmls. Af ufl smstaoìgl ravmsm÷f y oatllfìdmsms,
Ylolbrmsjflf y sus g`dacls afg`ftrlr`f qua dls lf`oldïls g`fcífmtls huar`f oìs g`oufas tlft`
af dl jmpartafsm÷f trltlkl y f` trltlkl, lufqua ad rmasc` hua oly`r af d`s jmpartafs`s trltlk`s.
Xlf ^utpjaf y sus g`dacls kao`strlr`f ufl oly`r mfgmkafgml ka jmp`splkmls af dl jmpartafsm÷f
f` trltlkl y dl jmpartafsm÷f trltlkl g`f id`qualk`ras iatl f` sadagv`, aspagmldoa
aspagmldoafta
fta dliatld`d y
pr`prlf`d`d. Af asta astukm`, dliatld`d us` puaka jliar smk` uf sustut` plrl dl jmpartafsm÷f oìs
savarl. Ldtarflvloafta, dliatld`d puaka lhagtlr l dl uratrl kurlfta uf parï`k` grïg` kad
kaslrr`dd` oakmlfta dl ldtarlgm÷f kad un` slfcuïfa` utarmf` ` puakaf mftarharmr g`f dl pr`kuggm÷f
ka tast`star`fl p`r dls gídudls ka Daykmc.

U`g`s hìrolg`s jlf smk` sugmaftaoafta astukmlk`s plrl su us` kurlfta ad aoilrlz` y jly ufl
hldtl
hldtl ka ast
astukm
ukm`s
`s ldalt`
ldalt`rmz
rmzlk`
lk`ss y g`f
g`ftr`
tr`dlk
dlk`s
`s g`f pdlga
pdlgai`.
i`. Oa
Oakmg
kmgloa
loaft`
ft`ss g`o
g`oþfo
þfoaft
aftaa
rag`oafklk`s plrl ad olfan` ka dl jmpartafsm÷f savarl mfgduyaf dliatld`d p`r vïl mftrlvaf`sl y dl
jmkrldlzmfl, y fmhakmpmfl `rld. Dl oly`rïl ka dls cuïls rag`omafklf dliatld`d (88%) ` jmkrldlzmfl
(77%)
(77%) g`o`
g`o` trltlo
trltloma
maft`
ft` ka prm
prmoar
oarll dïf
dïfal
al y fm
fmhak
hakmpm
mpmfl
fl p`r vïl `rl
`rldd ka lgg
lggm÷f
m÷f g`r
g`rtl
tl g`o
g`o`
`
trltlomaft` ka sacufkl dïfal, lufqua ad LG@C sa raara l dl fmhakmpmfl `rld g`o` hìrolg` ka
prm
prmoar
oarll dïfal
dïfal af ad aoarca
aoarcafta
fta trltlo
trltloma
maft`
ft` ka dl jmpart
jmpartafs
afsm÷f
m÷f savar
savarl.
l. Oa
Oadk`
dk`pl,
pl, uf l9-
 

lkrafírcmg`s ka lggm÷f gaftrld lc`fmstl, tloimíf sa jl sucarmk` g`o` uf lcafta ka sacufkl dïfal
plrll grm
plr grmsms
sms jmp
jmpart
artafs
afsmv
mvll savarl
savarl af ldc
ldcufl
uflss kmragt
kmragtrmg
rmgas.
as. Oa
Oadk
dk`pl
`pl avm
avmtl
tl dl vls
vls`g`
`g`fst
fstrmg
rmggm÷
gm÷f
f
oakmlfta dl sustugm÷f ka f`rapmfahrmfl af dls vasïgudls smfìpgls, rakugmafk` ka asta o`k` dl
dmiarlgm÷f ka gltag`dlomfls y ad gaftr` smopìg` sldmkl. Wmf aoilrc`, ad g`ftr`d as crlkuld
kurlfta 8 l : j`rls, d` qua dmomtl su us` af g`fcurlgm÷f lcukl. Oìs ka ;5 lü`s ka axparmafgml
g`f oadk`pl y ad sacumomaft` ka fmü`s jlstl d`s 3,1 lü`s ka aklk kaouastrl dl oadk`pl
sacurmklk kurlfta ad aoilrlz`, par` vlrm`s astukm`s jlf kao`strlk` qua `tr`s lcaftas, l sliar,
dliatld`d , s`f oìs aglz af ad g`ftr`d ka dl prasm÷f lrtarmld. F` jly klt`s sugmaftas plrl
kao`strlr dl suparm`rmklk ka < oakmgloaft` s`ira `tr`2 dl adaggm÷f ka lfjmpartafsmv` af ad
trltlomaft` dl prasm÷f lrtarmld ka ouy ldtl kurlfta ad aoilrlz` kapafka ka dl axparmafgml kad
oíkmg` y g`f`gmomaft` ka d`s ahagt`s lkvars`s. Glrlgtarïsgls ka dl kr`cl y d`s racïoafas ka
k`smglgm÷f sucarmkl sa ouastrlf af dls [lidls 7 y ;,
; , raspagvloafta.

Af d`s gls`s ka jmpartafsm÷f rahrlgtlrml, dl mfhusm÷f dliatld`d, fmglrkmpmfl, y fmtr`prusmlt` ka s`km`

sa rag`omafklf. Jmpartafsm÷f rahrlgtlrml kaia sar trltlkl g`fnuftloafta g`f uf aspagmldmstl af

oakmgmfl oltarf`-hatld ` ka gumklk`s grïg`s. Fmglrkmpmfl, g`o` dl fmhakmpmfl, as uf lftlc`fmstl
kad gldgm` kmjmkr`pmrmkmfl. Fmglrkmpmfl astì mfkmglk` plrl su us` af savarl jmpartafsm÷f. [mafa
ahagt`
ahagt` m`f`tr
m`f`tr÷pm
÷pmg`s
g`s oaf`s
oaf`s faclv
faclv`
` y as oaf`s
oaf`s pr`ili
pr`ilida
da qua glusa
glusa tlq
tlqumg
umglrk
lrkml
ml ra
raanl
anl.. Dl
axparmafgml g`f fmglrkmpmfl
fmglrkmpmfl af ad aoilrlz` ouastrl ad íxmt` af ad =<% dl kmsomfugm÷f ka dl prasm÷f
lrtarmld. Ad fmtr`prusmlt` ka s`km` as uf fïtrmg` f` sadagv`, kmragtl k`flfta ka ÷xmk` kmsp`fmidas
plrl su us` g`o` ufl mfhusm÷f mftrlvaf`sl kaimk` l su kurlgm÷f ka 7 omfut`s ka lggm÷f.
fmtr`prusmlt` ka s`km` sa udmzl g`o` þdo` ragurs`, af plrta kaimk` ld rmasc` ka dl t`xmgmklk kad
gmlfur`, qua puaka `gurrmr kaspuís ka 9; l ;: j`rls. Ad rmasc` ka gmlfur` hatld afvafaflomaft` as
s`dloafta ta÷rmg`.

Ad trltlomaft` g`opdat` ka uf luoaft` ka dl prasm÷f lrtarmld crlvaoafta tloimíf kaia mfgdumr

ufl dl avldulgm÷f kad imafastlr hatld y g`ftr`d astrmgt` ka dl prasm÷f lrtarmld, sïft`ols, y pruails
ka dli`rlt`rm
dli`rlt`rm`.
`. Uruai
Uruails
ls ka dli`rlt`rm
dli`rlt`rm`
` lpr`pmlkls
lpr`pmlkls s`f jaol
jaolt`grm
t`grmt`,
t`, ragu
raguaft`
aft` ka pdlqu
pdlquatls,
atls,
gralf
gralfmfl
mfl sír
sírmgl
mgl y dls trlfsl
trlfslomf
omflsl
lsls.
s. Lkaoìs
Lkaoìs,, dl ag`crl
ag`crll
l sa kai
kaiaa ral
raldmz
dmzlr
lr plr
plrll avl
avldu
dulr
lr ad
gragmomaft` hatld y ad v`duoaf ka dïqumk` lofm÷g`.
 

` Dliatld`d  ([rlfklta®)> (<lop?95od?<55oc). Hìrolg` ldhliatlid`qualfta.

Dliatld`d
 U`s`d`cïl> mfmgmlr dl oakmglgm÷f g`f uf i`dus av daft` (<-9 omfut`s) ka 95oc. Yapar ld
gli` ka 95 omfut`s sm f` sa g`ftr`dl dl UL k`idlfk` dl k`sms (;5, :5, :5 oc. F` s`iraplslr
d`s 955 oc). Wacumr g`f parhusm÷f g`fful (k`sms g`oprafkmkl aftra 15-;55 oc/8j). Wm dl
UL f` sa g`ftr`dl sa puaka k`idlr dl parusm÷f glkl <1 omfut`s jlstl ddaclr l ufl k`sms
oåxmol ka ;55 oc/ 8j.
8 j. G`f k`sms 6 755 oc/8j sa lg`fsanl ls`gmlr jmkrldlzmfl.
 K`sms oìxmol kmlrml> 9;55 oc ? ;55oc/8j.
 Ahagt`s sagufklrm`s> irlkmglrkml hatld. Af praoltur`s sa jl ka ldanlr ad oìxmo` p`smida kad
flgmomaft`.
 G`ftrlmfkmglgm`fas>
G`ftrlmfkmglgm`fas> mfsugmafgml glrkïlgl g`fcasvl, irlkmglrkml oltarfl
` Fmhakmpmf
Fmhakmpmf`
` (Lkldlt® < g`op?<5 oc, Lkldlt Yatlrk® < g`op? 95 oc y Lkldlt @r`s® <
g`op? 75 ` 85 oc).
 Hìrolg` lftlc`fmstl kad gldgm`.
 U`s`d`cïl> k`sms mfmgmld> <5 oc v` ` olsglkl. Wa puaka rapar af 75 omf. K`sms ka
olftafmomaft`> <5-95 oc/8-:j.
 K`sms oìxmol kmlrml> 85 oc.
 G`ftrlmfkmglkll dl vïl suidmfculd p`r ad rmasc` ka jmp`tafsm÷f savarl.
G`ftrlmfkmglk
 Ahagt`s sagufklrm`s> gahldal, rui`r, tlqumglrkml y akaols.
 G`ftrlmfkmglgm÷f radlvl af plgmaftas g`f astaf`sms mftasfld (p`smimdmklk ka gdïfmgl
`istrugvl).
` Jmkrldlzmfl (Jmkrlprass®)>
(Jmkrlprass®)> (< lop? 95od ? 95oc). Hìrolg` vls`kmdltlk`r.
 U`s`d`cïl> mfmgmlr dl oakmglgm÷f g`f i`dus av daft` (<-9 omfut`s) ka 1 oc. Wa puakaf

rapar uf oìxmo
rapar oìxmo`
` ka ; i`dus af mftarvld
mftarvld`s
`s ka 95 omfu
omfut`s.
t`s. G`ffu
G`ffulr
lr parhusm÷
parhusm÷f
f ka 7-3
oc/j av.
 K`sms oìxmol kmlrml> 955 oc.
 Ahagt`s sagufklrm`s> tlqumglrkml oltarfl y gahldal.
 G`ftrlmfkmglgm`fas>
G`ftrlmfkmglgm`fas> tlqumglrkml, afharoaklk g`r`flrml y glrkm`pll. Fmtr`cdmgarmfl>
 U`s`d`cïl> 1 ogc/omf y luoaft` crlkuld k`idlfk` dl k`sms glkl 1 omfut`s sm pragmsl
(k`sms oìxmol ka <55 ogc/omf)
 G`ftrlmfkmglkl af afgahld`pll jmpartafsmvl yl qua puaka luoaftlr ad un` slfcuïfa`
garairld y dl prasm÷f mftrlgrlfald.
 As ufl iuafl `pgm÷f ka trltlomaft` plrl dl J[L ls`gmlkl l akaol pudo`flr.
 

` Fmtr`prusmlt` s÷kmg`>
 U`s`d`cïl> 5.91 ogc/bc/omf luoaftlfk` dl k`sms 5.91 ogc/bc/omf glkl 1 omfut`s sm
pragmsl (k`sms oìxmol <5 ogc/bc/omf)
 W÷d` mfkmglk` sm jlf hrlglslk` d`s `tr`s trltlomaft` yl qua as hat`t÷xmg` p`r lgþoud` ka
gmlfmkl sm sa udmzl oìs ka ; j`rls. U`r d` tlft`, sa trltl ka uf lcafta ka þdo` ragurs`
plrl ad g`ftr`d urcafta ka dl J[L savarl y rahrlgtlrml y uf oìxmo` ka ; j`rls.

Oakmgloaft`s Oaglfmso` Ura`guplgm`fas Uarmfltldas Ahagt`s sagufklrm`s

Dliatld`d Iatlid`qualk`r f` D`s id`id`qua

qualk`
lk`rasras iat
iatll ls`
ls`gml
gmlk`s
k`s g`f Uraglugm÷f af ouna
Uraglugm÷f ounaras
ras g`f lsol
sadagv` y afharoak
afha roaklk lk glrkmlgl
glrkmlgl g`fcg`fcífmt
ífmtl,
l, dlim` / (ir`fg`g`fstrmggm÷f)
id`qualk`r l<- pldlkl
pldlklrr jafkmk
jafkmk`, `, y kahkahagt
agt`s
`s kad tuitui`` Hlc
Hlcl,
l, datl
datlrc
rc`,
`, mft`
mft`da
darl
rlfg
fgml
ml ld
faurld limart`, par` dl glusldmklk lþf f` anargmgm`, vls`g`fstrmggm÷f
ragapt`r vlsgudlr
pr`ilk
pr` ilkls2
ls2 cafarl
cafarldoa doafta
fta g`fg`fsmk
smkarl
arlkls
kls parmhírmgl, trlst`rf`s kad suaü`.
g`o` sacurls.
Dl pra
pra`gu
`guplg
plgm÷f
m÷f p`r dl ras rastrm
trmggm
ggm÷f
÷f kad
kad
gragmoma
grag momaft`
ft` g`f ltaf`ltaf`d`d,
d`d, par` astuk
astukm`
m`
ragmaf
ragmaftata su
sucma
cmara
ra uf rmasc`
rmasc` smomdl
smomdlrr g`f
dliatld`d.
 
Ad su
suhrhrmo
moma
maft
ft`` ha hatl
tldd sagu
sagufk
fklr
lrm`
m` l dl
liruptl jmp`tafsm÷f oltarfl.
Irlkmglrkml fa`fltld a jmp`cdugaoml.
Jmkrldlzmfl Xls`kmdltlk`r Ad su
suhrhrmo
moma
maft
ft`` ha hatl
tldd sagu
sagufk
fklr
lrm`
m` l dl Uldpmtlgm`fas, tlqumglrkml, k`d`r ka
kmragt
kmragt`.
`. Yad
Yadlnl
lnl dls liruptl jmp`tafsm÷f oltarfl. gliazl, fìusals / v÷omt`s,
lrtarm`dls kad Gasìral,
Gasì ral, kasp
kasprafkm
rafkmomaf
omaft`t` ka pdlgpdlgaftl,
aftl, afr`nagmomaft`
oþsgud` dms`, Lpclr 43 oìs g`oþf af g`oplrlgm÷f g`f Af rlrls `glsm`fas dl
oaglfmso`
oagl fmso` axlg
axlgt`t` `tr`s lcaftas. p`dmfaur`pll ` ad dupus mfkugmk`
kasg`f`gmk`. [r`oi`gmt
[r`o i`gmt`paf
`pafml ml fa`fltld
fa`fltld y rlrlorlrloafta
afta p`r hìrolg`s.
dupus fa`fltld.

Fmhakmpmf` Id`qualk`r ka d`s Lu

Luoa
oaft
ft`` ka dl kapu
kapurl
rlgm
gm÷f
÷f jajapì
pìg
gll [lqumglrkml, pldpmtlgm`fas, akaol
glfl
glflda
dass ka gl
gldg
dgm`
m` puaka raquarmr oly`r k`sms. parm
parmhí
hírm
rmgg`, k`d
k`d`r ka gli liaazl,
zl,
p` kmjmkr`pmrmkmfl Ad su
suhr
hrmo
moma
maft
ft`
` ha
hatl
tldd sagu
sagufk
fklr
lrm`
m` l dl afr`nagmomaft`
ka lgt
gtu
ulg
lgmm÷f liruptl jmp`tafsm÷f oltarfl. Ymasc` ka id`qua` faur`ousgudlr,
prak`omflftaoaft kaprasm÷f om`gìrkmgl a
a af ad oþsgud` dms` jmp`ta
jmp`tafsm
fsm÷f
÷f gu
gulfk
lfk`` sa g`o
g`oimf
imfll
lrtarmld g`f
g`f ol
olcf
cfas
asm`
m`.U
.Ura
rapl
plrl
rlgm
gm`f
`fas
as
suidmfculdas ls`gmlk`s g`f OM y dl
ouarta
 

Ahagt`s ka dl oakmglgm÷f af ilsa l dl aklk castlgm`fld

Aklk ka Ahagt` G`fsaguafgml

castlgm÷f(saolfls)
<-; " [`k` ` flkl " Guldqumarl ka li`rt` mfv`duftlrm` ` fmfcþf ahagt`

1-<9 [arlt`cífasms Uarï`k` ka h`rolgm÷f ka ÷rclf`s. D`s kahagt`s ka

flgmomaft` p`smidas kurlfta asta aop`

<9-;9 Hat`t`xmgmklk ×rclf`s g`

g `opdatloafta h` h`rolk`s. U`
U`smidas k
kllü`s
ad garair` y d`s rmü`fas ` pr`idaols ka gragmomaft`

Dl t`xmgmklk ka olcfasm`

Ad olc
olcfas
fasm`
m` f` as uf lfjmp
lfjmpart
artaf
afsmv
smv`.
`. Wa kai
kaiaa ud
udmzl
mzlrr plr
plrll dl pra
pravaf
vafgm÷
gm÷f
f ka ltl
ltlqua
quass af

praagdlopsml g`f glrlgtarïsgls axtraols y plrl dl faur`pr`taggm÷f gulfk` sa asparl qua dl

aftracl lftas ka dls 79 saolfls ka castlgm÷f. Ad oaglfmso` ka lggm÷f ka sudhlt` ka olcfasm` af
dl prav
pravafgm
afgm÷f
÷f ka dls g`fvudsm`fas
g`fvudsm`fas as kasg`f`g
kasg`f`gmk`.
mk`. Uuaka astlr ls`gmlk
ls`gmlk`
` g`f vlrm`s ahag
ahagt`s
t`s
lkvars`s y t`xmgmklkas p`tafgmldas ([lidl 1). Ad sudhlt` ka olcfasm` puaka gluslr dl lt`fïl utarmfl
y ad luoaft` ad rmasc` ka jao`rrlcml p`stplrt`. Ounaras qua ragmimar`f ad olcfasm` kaiaf sar
g`ftr`dlkls astragjloafta, dl mfhusm÷f ka olcfasm` kaia mftarruopmrsa mfoakmltloafta sm sa
kaslrr`ddl smcf`s ka t`xmgmklk. [`xmgmklk ka olcfasm` puaka sar trltlkl g`f <5 od ka cdug`flt` ka
gldgm` <5% s`dugm÷f. Dl plrlkl glrkm`rraspmrlt`rml, lufqua rlrl, puaka raquarmr mftuilgm÷f y
vafdlgm÷f oagìfmgl.

Xlrm`s mfh`roas ka gls`s jlf k`guoaftlk` ahagt`s lkvars`s gulfk` sa g`oimflf olcfasm` y
id`q
id`qua
ualk
lk`r
`ras
as ka d`
d`ss gl
glfl
flda
dass ka gl
gldg
dgm`
m`.. Qf
Qf`
` ka d`s
d`s gls`
gls`ss pu
puid
idmg
mglk
lk`s
`s mfh`
mfh`ro
ro÷
÷ id`q
id`qua
ua`
`
faur`ousgudlr y `tr` gls` sa raara l ufl jmp`tafsm÷f crlva y p`starm`r ouarta. Wmf aoilrc`,
ufl ravmsm÷f ratr`spagvl ka d`s plgmaftas qua ragmimar`f olcfasm` y fmhakmpmfl f` afg`ftr÷
fmfcþf
fmfcþf luoaft`
luoaft` af dl kaimdmklk
kaimdmklk faur`ou
faur`ousgud
sgudlr,
lr, id`q
id`qua`
ua` faur
faur`ousg
`ousgudlr,
udlr, ` jmp`
jmp`tafsm
tafsm÷f
÷f af
g`oplrlgm÷f g`f g`ftr`ds. Mfkapafkmaftaoafta,
Mfkapafkmaftaoafta, d`s plgmaftas qua ragmimar`f tlft` ka olcfasm` y
fmhakmpmf` raqumara uf g`ftr`d astrmgt` klk` ad p`tafgmld ka t`xmgmklk g`f ad us` ka lftlc`fmstls
kad gldgm`.
 

Dl mft`xmglgm÷f p`r olcfasm` ls`gmlk` g`f d`s fmvadas sírmg`s

Wuar` fmvad ka olcfasm` ( oc / kd ) [`xmgmklk

:-<9 Dl pírkmkl ka d`s raan`s tafkmf`s`s pr`hufk`s

<5-<9 W`of`dafgml , trlst`rf`s kad jlidl

<9-<8 Ulrìdmsms raspmrlt`rml

95-71 Ulr` glrkmlg`

D`s oakmgloaft`s qua sa kaiaf avmtlr kurlfta ad aoilrlz`

Axm
Axmsta
staf
f vlr
vlrm`s
m`s oakmg
oakmgloa
loaft`
ft`ss lfjmp
lfjmpart
artafs
afsmv`
mv`ss qua f` sa rag
rag`om
`omafk
afklf
lf plr
plrll su us` af ad
aoilrlz`. Mfjmimk`ras ka dl afzmol g`fvark`rl ka lfcm`tafsmfl, id`qualk`ra
id`qualk`rass ka d`s ragapt`ras
ka dl lfcm`tafsmfl, y lftlc`fmstls ka d`s ragapt`ras ka omfarld`g`rg`mkas kaiaf avmtlrsa smf ufl

aspagïgl mfkmglgm÷f g`o` mfkmglgm÷f ka dl afharoaklk rafld g`f pr`tamfurml. Mfjmimk`ras ka dl

afzmol g`fvark`rl ka dl lfcm`tafsmfly id`qualk`ras ka d`s ragapt`ras ka dl lfcm`tafsmfl
mftararaf g`f dl jao`kmfìomgl rafld kad hat` gluslfk` l dls lf`oldïls g`fcífmtls af ad prmoar
trmoas
trmoastra
tra y `dmc`j
`dmc`jmkr
mkrlof
lofm`s
m`s , klü
klü`
` raf
rafld
ld , y dl ouart
ouartaa af ad sac
sacufk
ufk`
` y tar
targar
gar trmoastr
trmoastras.
as.
Lftlc`fmstls ka ragapt`r ka omfarld`g`rg`mkas g`o` dl aspmr`f`dlgt`fl puaka tafar ahagt`s
lf- lfkr`cífmg`s af ad aoilrlz` g`f dl haomfmzlgm÷f kad hat` olsgudmf` qua sa afguaftrl af
astukm`s g`f lfmoldas. D`s id`qualk`ras iatl sa uslf g`oþfoafta lfjmpartafsmv`s af ad
aoilrlz`, par` jly uf kailta af gurs` s`ira ad rmasc` ka lf`oldïls g`fcífmtls y dl rastrmggm÷f kad
gragmomaft`.

DL AXLDQLGM×F KAD YAWQD[LK@> @inav`s kad trltlomaft`

Ad pr`p÷smt` kad trltlomaft` ka dl jmpartafsm÷f savarl af ad aoilrlz` as kmsomfumr g`opdmglgm`fas

oltarfls hatldas. Dls ounaras g`f luoaft` ka dl prasm÷f slfcuïfal savarloafta g`rraf ad rmasc`
ka lggm
lggmka
kaft
ftaa ga
gara
rair
ir`v
`vls
lsgu
gudl
dlr,
r, mf
mfhl
hlrt`
rt` ka om`g
om`glr
lrkm
km`,
`, mfsu
mfsug
gma
mafg
fgml
ml rafl
rafld,
d, mfsu
mfsug
gma
mafg
fgml
ml
utar`pdlgaftlrml, kasprafkmomaft`
kasprafkmomaft` ka pdlgaftl, y dl ouarta. Jmpartafsm÷f crlva as ad þfmg` ÷rclf`
taromfld
taromfld o`kmg
o`kmglida
lida g`opdmglg
g`opdmglgm÷f
m÷f ka praagdlop
praagdlopsml.
sml. Ad `inav` ka prasm÷f lrtar
lrtarmld
mld plrl dls
ounaras g`f GJ[F qua raqumara dl tarlpml lfjmpartafsmvl as olftafar ufl ULW ka <85 oo Jc `
oaf`s y ufl KIU ka <51 oo Jc ` oaf`s, ` <85/<<5 oo Jc ` oaf`s af CJ[F y praagdlopsml.
 

As mop`rtlfta trltlr ka avmtlr uf kasgafs` irusg` ka dl prasm÷f qua puaka g`fkugmr l p`tafgmldas
ahagt`s f`gmv`s hatldas. Dl tarlpml kaia lpuftlr plrl kmsomfumr dl prasm÷f lrtarmld oakml p`r
lpr`xmolkloafta 95 % l 91 % kurlfta omfut`s l j`rls kaspuís kmsomfumr lþf oìs dl prasm÷f
lrtarmld l oaf`s ka <85 / <<5 ooJc kurlfta dls j`rls smcumaftas. D`s smcf`s y sïft`ols ka dl
afgahld`pll jmpartafsmvl (k`d`r ka gliazl y g`fhusm÷f) l oafuk` oan`rlf rìpmkloafta g`f
trltlomaft`.

Avldulgm÷f kad hat`

Wa rag`omafklf dls ag`crlls oafsuldas ka gragmomaft` af ad targar trmoastra kad aoilrlz` plrl
dls ounaras g`f GJ[F. Uruail K`ppdar ka dl lrtarml uoimdmgld kaia raldmzlrsa saolfldoafta, sm
jly ldcufl avmkafgml ka rastrmggm÷f kad gragmomaft` hatld ` praagdlopsml suparpuastl. Af Lkaoìs,
dls pruails prafltldas kad hat` (p`r anaopd` Uruail smf astrís) sa sucmara af dls ounaras g`f GJ[F

y, ` imaf g`a
g`axmsta
xmstaf
f fagasmk
fagasmklk
lk ka oakm
oakmglgm÷
glgm÷f,
f, smcf`
smcf`ss ka dl rastrmg
rastrmggm÷f
gm÷f kad gragm
gragmomaf
omaft`
t` hatld `
praagdlopsml suparpuastl. Dls ounaras g`f CJ[F ` praagdlopsml af ad aoilrlz` kaiaf tafar
udtrls`fmk`s plrl oakmr ad gragmomaft` hatld, pruails prafltldas, g`ftr`das ka prasm÷f lrtarmld k`s
vagas p`r saolfl y avldulgm`fas ka dli`rlt`rm` saolfldas. D`s glfkmklt`s plrl dl huturl cas÷f
ka praagdlopsml g`f glrlgtarïsgls
glrlgtarïsgls crlvas raqumaraf ufl vmcmdlf
vmcmdlfgml
gml oìs astragjl, mfgduyafk`
mfgduyafk` dl
pruail smf astrís kmlrm`, ag`crll K`ppdar ka dl lrtarml uoimdmgld y oakmgm÷f ka v`duoaf ka
dïqumk` lofm÷g` saolfld, udtrls`fmk` glkl 9 l 7 saolfls ka gragmomaft`, t`k`s d`s kïls ka
g`fta` o`vmomaft` hatld, y dl avldulgm÷f parm÷kmgl ka dli`rlt`rm` (hraguafgml kapafka).

Wa rag`omafkl af dl astlimdmklk kad plgmafta) Lkomfmstrlgm÷f 5.7 ka g`rg`star`mkas plrl dl

olkurlgm÷f pudo`flr hatld af dls ounaras g`f praagdlopsml af oaf`s ka 7; saolfls ka
castlgm÷f

Udlfmglgm÷f ka aftracl
 

Dl mfkuggm÷f kad plrt` sa rag`omafkl plrl d`s trlst`rf`s jmpartafsmv`s af ad aoilrlz` ls`gmlk`s
o`rimdmklkas oltarf` hatldas lkaoìs kad ldt` rmasc` ka pr`crasm÷f ka afharoaklk. Wmf aoilrc`,
ad o`oaft` ÷po` plrl ad plrt` smcua smafk` g`ftr`vark`. Lddï afaf jlf raldmzlk` afsly`s
ldalt`rmzlk`s y g`ftr`dlk`s plrl cumlr o`oaft` kad plrt` af ounaras g`f GJ[F . Qf astukm` ka
g`j`rta ka ounaras g`f GJ[F afg`ftr÷ qua dl aftracl af 7: l 7= saolfls castlgm÷f hua ÷pol
plrl aqumdmirlr d`s rmasc`s hatldas y fa`fltldas. Ad LG@C lp`yl aftracl af 7: l 7= saolfls plrl
dls ounaras g`f GJ[F qua f` raqumara oakmglgm÷f, kad 73 ld 7= saolfls plrl dls ounaras
g`ftr`dlkls g`f oakmglgm÷f y 78 l 73 saolfls plrl dls ounaras g`f jmpartafsm÷f crlva f`
g`ftr`dlkl.

Af uf af
afsl
sly`
y` ld
ldal
alt`
t`rm
rmzl
zlk`
k`,, g`
g`ft
ftr`
r`dl
dlk`
k` af ou
ouna
nara
rass g`f
g`f praa
praagd
gdlo
lops
psml
ml ` imaf
imaf CJ
CJ[F
[F ` smf
smf
glrlgtarïsgls savarls afg`ftrlr`f qua dl mfkuggm÷f kad trliln` ka plrt` l dls 73 saolfls ka
castlgm÷f sa ls`gm÷ g`f ufl kmsomfugm÷f smcfmglvl af dl o`rimdmklk oltarfl g`opuast` af
g`oplrlgm÷f g`f ad olfan` axpagtlfta. Ad LG@C sucmara dl aftracl af 73 l 7: saolfls plrl dls

ounaras g`f CJ[F y dl mfkugg

ounaras mfkuggm÷f
m÷f kad trliln` ka plrt` plrl dl praa
praagdlop
gdlopsml
sml smf glrlgta
glrlgtarïsg
rïsgls
ls
crlvas af 73 saolfls ka castl`f.

[lft` ad LG@C y dl W`gmaklk ka Oakmgmfl Oltarf`-Hatld rag`omafklf dl mfkuggm÷f ka olf` ka

`i
`irl
rl l dls
dls 7; sa
saol
olfl
flss ka cast
castlg
lgm÷
m÷f
f ` oly`
oly`rr af pl
plgm
gmaf
afta
tass g`f
g`f pr
praa
aagd
gdlo
lops
psml
ml sava
savarl
rl g`f
g`f
glrlgtarmsgls. Qfl ravmsm÷f smstaoìgl ka dl mfkuggm÷f kad plrt` plrl dl praagdlopsml savarl g`f
glrlgtarïsgls lftas ka dls 7; saolfls ka castlgm÷f afg`ftrlr`f ufl ls`gmlgm÷f g`f ad flgmomaft`
kmsomfumk` pas`, oly`ras tlsls ka mfcras` af dl ufmklk ka gumklk`s mftafsmv`s fa`fltldas, yl
fa`fltld j`spmtldmzlgm÷f, y ad luoaft` ka dls g`opdmglgm`fas fa`fltldas mfgduyafk` jao`rrlcml
mftrlvaftrmgudlr y sïfkr`oa ka kmgudtlk raspmrlt`rml. Wmf aoilrc`, dl mfkuggm÷f kad trliln` ka
praagdlopsml g`f glrlgtarïsgls crlvas sa rag`omafkl lftas ka dls 7; saolfls af ounaras qua f`
s`f glfkmklt`s plrl ad trltlomaft` axpagtlfta (Gulkr` 7). Af astls ounaras, dl aftracl puaka
ratrls
ratrlslrs
lrsaa kurlft
kurlftaa ;: j`rls
j`rls plrl
plrl dl lkomfm
lkomfmstr
strlgm
lgm÷f
÷f ka g`r
g`rg`
g`sta
star`m
r`mkas
kas plr
plrll dl olk
olkurl
urlgm÷
gm÷f
f
pudo`flr hatld af lusafgml ka jmpartafsm÷f savarl mfg`ftr`dlida, agdlopsml, akaol pudo`flr,
kasprafkmomaft` ka dl pdlgaftl, g`lcudlgm÷f mftrlvlsgudlr kmsaomflkl, ` astlk` hatld lf`rold. Dl
cas÷f ka dl praagdlopsml g`f glrlgtarïsgls savarls lftas ka dl vmlimdmklk (97- 9; saolfls af dl
oly`rïl ka d`s gaftr`s) kaiaf mfgdumr dl g`fsudtl g`f uf aspagmldmstl af oltarf` oakmgmfl hatld.

Ad p` ka plrt` kaia kagmkmrsa af ilsa l dls mfkmglgm`fas `istítrmgls jlimtuld

jlimtuldas.
as.
 

Dl prasm÷f lrtarmld kaia sar g`ftr`dlkl lftas ka dl aftracl, aspagmldoafta af ounaras qua sa
s`oataf gasìral g`f lfastasml cafarld kaimk` l dl prasm÷f lrtarmld puaka luoaftlr kurlfta
mftui
mftuilgm
lgm÷f
÷f afk`tr
afk`trlqu
lqual
ald.
d. Wa rag
rag`om
`omafk
afkll ad us` ka dl lfa
lfasta
stasml
sml fau
faur`l
r`lxml
xmldd oaf
oaf`s
`s qua ast
astíí
g`ftrlmfkmglk` p`r tr`oi`gmt`pafml oltarfl. Ad fmvad ka pdlquatls axlgt` p`r kailn` kad guld dl
lfastasml faur`lxmld astì g`ftrlmfkmglk` as g`ftr`varkl y vlrïl ka ufl mfstugm÷f l `trl ilslk`
af ad raguaft` ka pdlquatls (p`r d` cafarld 15.555-<55.555 / od), dl tafkafgml y dl avmkafgml ka
pdlquatls kmshufgm÷f. D`s plgmaftas g`f tr`oi`gmt`pafml crlva (raguaft` ka pdlquatls 415.555)
puaka raquarmr ufl trlfshusm÷f ka pdlquatls af ad glomf` l dl sldl ka `parlgm`fas sm sa mfkmgl uf
plrt` p`r gasìral.

Cas÷f p`splrt`

Dls ounaras g`f CJ[F, praagdlopsml ` GJ[F g`f praagdlopsml suparpuastl kaia jlf jagj` uf

sacumomaft` ka dl prasm÷f lrtarmld kurlfta ld oaf`s 39 j`rls kaspuís kad plrt` y ka fuav` l 3 <5
kïls kaspuís kad plrt`. Dl f`roldmzlgm÷f ka dl prasm÷f lrtarmld sa pr`kuga f`roldoafta kaftr` ka
<5 kïls
kïls ka aftra
aftracl
cl af plgmaf
plgmaftas
tas g`f jmp
jmpart
artafs
afsm÷f
m÷f rad
radlgm
lgm`fl
`flkl
kl g`f
g`f ad ao
aoilr
ilrlz`
lz`.. Ad LG@
LG@C
C
rag`omafk
rag`omafkll trltlo
trltlomaft`
maft` lfjmpartafs
lfjmpartafsmv`
mv` af dls ounaras
ounaras g`f uf luoa
luoaft`
ft` pars
parsmstaf
mstafta
ta ka dl
prasm`fas slfcuïfals p`splrt` kafa g`o` ULW ka <15 oo Jc ` suparm`r, ` KIU ka <55 oo Jc `
suparm`r. Lcaftas lfmflolt`rm`s f` astar`mkas udmzlk`s plrl trltlr ad k`d`r p`st-plrt` puaka
axlgarilr dl prasm÷f lrtarmld kaimk` l dl ratafgm÷f ka s`km` y lcul. Qf supdafta lfldcísmg` puaka
sar g`fsmkarlk` af ounaras g`f luoaft` ka dl prasm÷f lrtarmld qua parsmsta kurlfta oìs ka < kïl
p`stplrt`.

Dls ounaras kaiaf sar lg`fsanlkls y ragmimr mfstruggm`fas ka ldtl g`f raspagt` l dl fagasmklk
p`farsa af g`ftlgt` g`f su pr`vaak`r ka ltafgm÷f oíkmgl sm kaslrr`ddlf smcf`s ` sïft`ols ka
lkvartafgml, mfgduyafk` uf k`d`r ka gliazl g`ffu`, trlst`rf`s vmsuldas ` k`d`r af gulkrlfta
suparm`r karagj`. Ka fuavl lplrmgm÷f trlst`rf`s jmpartafsmv`s kad aoilrlz` tloimíf puakaf
`gurrmr af ad parm`k` p`splrt`. Ounaras kaspuís kad plrt` g`f prasm÷f lrtarmld adavlkl kaiaf sar
ka fuavloafta avldulkls y trltlkls ka olfarl smomdlr l d`s plgmaftas prafltldas. Ur`dlxms ka dls
g`fvudsm`fas sa g`ffþl af plgmaftas g`f praagdlopsml savarl g`f glrlgtarïsgls kurlfta 9;
j`rls kaspuís kad plrt`. Lpr`xmolkloafta ad 91% ka d`s gls`s ka agdlopsml sa pr`kugaf af ad

p`splrt` y dls g`fvudsm`fas puakaf kaslrr`ddlr jlstl ; saolfls kaspuís kad plrt`. D`s plgmaftas
g`f pra
praag
agdlo
dlopsm
psmll savarl
savarl g`f glr
glrlgt
lgtarï
arïsg
sgls
ls tloimí
tloimíff ast
astìf
ìf af rmasc`
rmasc` ka kaslrr
kaslrr`dd
`ddlr
lr aka
akaol
ol
 

pudo`flr af ad parm`k` p`splrt`. Dl hur`saomkl sa puaka udmzlr g`o` g`fsmkara fagaslrm` ast`s
plgmaftas.

Dl
Dlss ouna
ounara
rass g`
g`f
f ao
aoil
ilrl
rlz`
z`ss g`
g`op
opdmdmgl
glk`
k`ss p`
p`rr trls
trlst`
t`rf
rf`s
`s jmpa
jmpart
rtaf
afsm
smv`
v`s,
s, aspa
aspagm
gmld
ldoa
oaft
ftaa
praagdlopsml qua raqumara uf plrt` lftas ka dls 7; saolfls ka castlgm÷f, astìf af rmasc` ka
kaslrr`dd` ka afharoaklkas glrkm`vlsgudlras oìs lkadlfta af dl vmkl. Ad LG@C sucmara qua dls
ounaras g`f lftagakaftas ka praagdlopsml qua raqumaraf uf plrt` praoltur` s`oatarsa l uf
sacumomaft` lfuld ka dl prasm÷f lrtarmld, d`s dïpmk`s, dl cdug`sl af lyufls, y ad ïfkmga ka olsl
g`rp`rld.

Dls
Dls g`
g`ft
ftrl
rlmf
mfkm
kmgl
glgm
gm`f
`fas
as pl
plrl
rl ad trlt
trltlo
loma
maft
ft`
` axpa
axpagt
gtlf
lfta
ta ka dl praa
praagd
gdlo
lops
psml
ml sava
savarl
rl g`
g`f
f
glrlgtarïsgls

 Wavarl jmpartafsm÷f rahrlgtlrml l dl oakmglgm÷f

 agdlopsml

 Ad akaol pudo`flr

 kasprafkmomaft`
kasprafkmomaft` ka dl pdlgaftl

 Dl g`lcudlgm÷f mftrlvlsgudlr kmsaomflkl

 [r`oi`gmt`pafml
[r`oi`gmt`pafml ( pdlquatls 4 <55.555 / od )

 g`fgaftrlgm`fas
g`fgaftrlgm`fas ka afzmols japìgls lf`roldas (k`s vagas f`rold)

 Dl kmshufgm÷f rafld (gralfmfl 6 <,< oc / kd ` k`s vagas f`rold)

 K`d`r af gulkrlfta suparm`r karagj` ` k`d`r apmcìstrmg` qua f` rasp`fka l dl oakmglgm÷f

 sïft`ols garairldas ` vmsuldas mfglfslidas

 ad astlk` hatld lf`rold

 ouarta hatld

IMIDM@CYLHML
 

<. D÷pa
D÷pazz O`rl, N`sí. Uraagdlopsm
Uraagdlopsml-ag
l-agdlops
dlopsml.
ml. Yavmstl
Yavmstl Dlf`lo
Dlf`loarmg
armglfl
lfl ka Jmparta
Jmpartafsm÷f
fsm÷f,, 9(;)2
 nudm`-lc`st`, 9553> <<3-<93. da>///G>/Qsars/admzliatj
da>///G>/Qsars/admzliatjjlffmtl/K`wfd`lks/
jlffmtl/K`wfd`lks/Uraagdlopsml-
Uraagdlopsml-
agdlopsml.pkh .
9. Xlrcls J X, Lg
Lg`stl
`stl LC
LC,, O`raf
O`raf`
` AO. Dl praagdl
praagdlopsml
opsml uf
uf pr`id
pr`idaol
aol ka sld
slduk
uk pþi
pþidmgl
dmgl
oufkmld. YAX GJMD @IW[A[ CMFAG@D 95<92 33(8)> ;3< ‗ ;38.
jp>//www.sgmad`.gd/pk
jp>//www.sgmad`.gd/pkh/rgj`c/v33f8/lrt<7.pk
h/rgj`c/v33f8/lrt<7.pkh 
h 
7. Ulud
Uludmfl
mfl C`fzìdaz-F
C`fzìdaz-Flvlrr
lvlrr`,
`, Cumddaro`
Cumddaro` Caflr` Olrfaz-W
Olrfaz-Wldlzl
ldlzlr,
r, @olr Clrgïl-F
Clrgïl-Fìnarl
ìnarl,,
@swldk` Msrlad Wlfk`vld-Lyldl. Uraagdlopsml, agdlopsml
agdlopsml y JADDU. Yavmstl Oaxmglfl ka
Lfastasm`d`cïl. Lirmd-Nufm`
Lirmd-Nufm` 95<12 7:(<)> <<:-<93.
jp>//www.oakmcrlpjmg.g`o/
jp>//www.oakmcrlpjmg.g`o/pkhs/rol/gol-95<1/g
pkhs/rol/gol-95<1/gols<1<x.pkh 
ols<1<x.pkh 
;. Jald
Jaldtj
tj glra mfh
mfh`rol
`rol`f
`f y`u glft trust.
trust. Y`yld g`
g`ddaca
ddaca `h `istatr
`istatrmgml
mgmlfs
fs lfk cyfla
cyflag`d`
g`d`cmsts
cmsts..
Uuidmsjak mf Lucust 95<9 (faxt ravmaw klta> 95<8).
jps>//www.rg`c.`rc.ub/cd`ildlssa
jps>//www.rg`c.`rc.ub/cd`ildlssats/k`guoafts/p
ts/k`guoafts/plafts/plaft-mfh`
lafts/plaft-mfh`rol`f-
rol`f-
dalats/pracflfgy/pm-pra-agdlopsml.pkh 
1. Kr. N`rca [l
[lpml,
pml, Krl. Xmgt`rml
Xmgt`rml Oary.
Oary. Uraag
Uraagdlops
dlopsml
ml y Agdlopsml
Agdlopsml ufl gl
glusl
usl ka Wïfk
Wïfkr`oa
r`oa ka
Jmparparhusm÷f Afgahìdmgl.
Afgahìdmgl. Kaplrtloaft` ka Faur`d`cïl Asguadl ka Oakmgmfl U`fgml
Qfmvarsmklk Glt÷dmgl ka Gjmda.
jp>//asguadl.oak.pu
jp>//asguadl.oak.pug.gd/puid/g
g.gd/puid/gulkarf`s/9558/Uraag
ulkarf`s/9558/Uraagdlopsml.pkh 
dlopsml.pkh 
8. UY@[
UY@[@G@D@
@G@D@>> JMUAY[AFWM×
JMUAY[AFWM×F
F ] CAW[LGM×
CAW[LGM×F
F .Warvm
.Warvmgm`
gm` ka Oakmgmfl
Oakmgmfl Oltarf
Oltarf`hatl
`hatld,d, Mfstut`
Mfstut`
Gdïfmg` ka Cmfag`d`cïl, @istatrmgml ] Fa`flt`d`cïl, J`spmtld Gdïfmg` ka Ilrgad`fl. Warvmgm`
ka @istatrmgml y Cmfag`d`cïl, J`spmtld Wlft N`lf ka Kíu.
jps>//oakmgmflhatldilrgad
jps>//oakmgmflhatldilrgad`fl.`rc/gdmfm
`fl.`rc/gdmfmgl/molcas/pr`t`g`d
gl/molcas/pr`t`g`d`s/plt`d`cmlPoltarf
`s/plt`d`cmlPoltarflP`istatr
lP`istatr

mgl/jmpartafsm%H7f%95y%95castlgm%H7f.pkh