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Gura de Aur

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Fuprehs

Ehtra`ufcrc .........................................................................................................................2
FIZEPAOSO E EVPAREI OEPSRKLECE BE]IHPEHC

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9.9.Zrcoedehiree ....................................................................................................................3
9.2 Raouo őe edpartihŦi Oeturklecruoue èh veiŦi oeturkefĆ i Bescrefee ..............................9:
9.6. Rcpcrc `eh estarei Oeturklecruoue ..............................................................................9>


FIZEPAOSO EE Ihinariococ Oeturkleeoar bezihtehc.........................................................20
2.9. "Shetitc eh `evcrsetitc". Ockituri `ehtrc Ihinari se Oeturklec...............................69
2.2. Ihinariui Vnihtuoue Eaih Kuri `c Iur......................................................................60
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2.6. Iotc Oeturklee se Ihinarioc `eh spiteuo arta`ax..........................................................6>
FIZEPAOSO EEE OEPSRKLEI VNIHPSOSE EAIH KSRI @C ISR .........................00
6.9. @csprc tcxtuo Oeturklece.................................................................................................03

Vi se6.2.
pare util acest
@udhczceisfi document?
Oeturklec i Vnihtuoue Eaih Kuri `c Iur, Irlecpesfapuo
Fahstihtehapaououe ................................................................................................................05
6.6.Oeturklei Fuvihtuoue (oi firc pat pirtefepi se fitcludchee) .......................................36
6.0.Oeturklei Frc`ehfeaseoar ..................................................................................................>5
6.3.Fud trcbuec fetetc rukifeuheoc `c oi Oeturklec1.............................................................;>
FAHFOS]EE ...........................................................................................................................<6
Beboeakrinec .............................................................................................................................<<

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EHPRA@SFCRC

Deseuhci Bescrefee cstc ifcci `c i hu-o oĆsi pc aduo ifcstce safectĆŦe sĆ rĆdâhĆ ifaoa
uh`c sc inoĆ, pc trcipti ehncreairĆ i `ckri`Ćree sioc darioc7 fe èe `Ć putcrci őe furimuo `c i
èhiehti sprc `csĆvârőerc. Zchtru fi safectitci radâhcisfĆ sĆ nec uhi sĆhĆtaisĆ cstc hcvaec fi
dcdbree ce sĆ iebĆ a darioetitc sĆhĆtaisĆ, a vcrtefioetitc èh tat fcci fc nif, eir pc taitc ifcstci
necfirc `ehtrc hae oc `abâh`cőtc èh őe preh BescrefĆ. Raouo Bescrefee èh safectitc cstc ifcoi `c i-o
imuti pc necfirc sĆ rcsperc icruo `udhczceree, sĆ eisĆ `c sub mukuo pĆfituoue őe istnco sĆ hu die
nec rab io ifcstuei.
Fi arefc arkihesd speretuio, Oeturklei frcőtehĆ h-i ouit hiőtcrc `ehtr-a `itĆ, fi a frciŦec
spahtihĆ, èh èhtrckedc hauĆ őe nĆrĆ hefe uh prcfc`cht èh trcfut. @ifĆ èh fcci fc— prevcőtc
cschŦi ce, i`efĆ destcruo èh sehc, ci cstc èhtcdceitĆ `c Dâhtuetaruo oi Fehi fci `c tiehĆ, èh fcci
fc prevcőtc e`ceoc prehfepioc firc iofĆtuecsf hufocuo siu sâdburcoc ce arekehir, prcfud őe
nardcoc ce cxtcrhc `c dihencstirc, ifcstci praveh `ehtr-a i`âhfĆ vcfledc, fahtehuâh` a
tri`eŦec őe uh retuio ehsperit `eh ^cfleuo Pcstidcht őe ockâh`u-sc `c rcvcoiŦei predar`eioĆ őe `c
èhfcputureoc estarece snehtc i dâhtueree haistrc— 9 Oeturklei imuhkc sĆ nec soumetĆ èh bescrefe őe
fitc`rioc dĆrcŦc, uh`c nruduscŦci spiŦeuoue őe nistuo oeturkef pĆdâhtcsf nĆfciu tredetcrc oi
nruduscŦci fcrcisfĆ sprc firc Bescrefi èhiehtcizĆ preh necfirc rukĆfeuhc, prafcseuhc siu kcst
oeturkef.
Vnâhti Oeturklec hu cstc a frciŦec `eh hedef, fe cstc ra`uo uhue èh`couhkit prafcs `c
frestioezirc őe iőtcrhcrc èh sfres i tri`eŦece arioc cfocseioc. Ci cstc apcri èhtrckee Bescrefe, fleir
`ifĆ pairtĆ nec hudcoc Vnâhtuoue Eaih KurĆ `c Iur, nec pc fco io Vnâhtuoue ^iseoc fco Dirc.
Ifcőte dire pĆrehŦe ie Bescrefee iu fuhasfut ifcst hcprcŦuet `ir io Vnehtce Pri`eŦee, o-iu cxpcreit,
o-iu isedeoit őe o-iu iőtcrhut èh sfres preh pcrsahioetitci oar poehĆ `c snehŦchec őe rinehidcht
tcaoakef, nĆfâh` istnco fi tcxtuo culirestef pc firc o-iu prcoufrit sĆ nec a sehtczĆ i èhtrckee
èhvĆŦĆture `akditefc i Bescrefee őe a nardĆ ehsperitĆ `c cxpredirc i destcruoue prczchŦce oue
@udhczcu èh fuot. Vnâhti Oeturklec cstc istnco spiŦeuo preveockeit io Zirausece oeturkef-
sifridchtioc i @adhuoue, tcanihei `csĆvârőetĆ, fcruo pc pĆdâht, bufurei frciŦece `c Frcitar,
trihsnekurirci èhtrckee oudee preh ad, irvuhi vecŦee veetairc őe efaihi ÈdpĆrĆŦece fcrureoar.
Pat fcci fc sc èhtâdpoĆ èh Vnâhti Oeturklec, ifcistĆ PiehĆ i oafueree oue @udhczcu èh őe
prehtrc aidche, ‘cstc iffcsebeo aduoue `air preh frc`ehŦĆ, preh èhfarparirc abecftev

9 Vtrczi,OiurchŦeu, Pâofuerci oeturkefĆ `eh dihusfresuo h. 999. Beboeatcfi Irlecpesfapece

Vebeuoue, èh ‘Vtu`ee Pcaoakefc—, \\^E(95;0), hr. 9-2, p. ;5-<<.

sifridchtioĆ eir ipae subecftev iftuioĆ, ctef-isfctefĆ èh veiŦi Bescrefee, urdĆreh`u-sc istnco
imuhkcrci oi èhŦcockcrci preh cxpcrechŦĆ i destcruoue sifridchtio— 2. ZrczchŦi oue @udhczcu èh
Vnâhti Oeturklec sc `csfapcrĆ trcptit őe taitc iftcoc vĆzutc őe taitĆ idbeihŦi cfocseioĆ fah`uf
pc fco frc`ehfeas sprc `csfapcrerci őe cxpcrecrci ce. Vnâhti Oeturklec cstc fci die `c scidĆ
snâhtĆ soumbĆ abőtcisfĆ i Bescrefee rukĆtairc. Ci cstc a râh`ueoĆ `c snehtc rukĆfeuhe èh tedpuo
fĆrari sc sĆvârőcőtc őe sc i`ufc mcrtnĆ nĆrĆ `c sâhkc i Ockee fcoce Hae, èhtcdceitĆ `c
Dâhtuetaruo Eesus Lrestas oi Fehi fci `c PiehĆ őe èfrc`ehŦitĆ `c Co VnehŦeoar VĆe Ipastaoe, eir `c
ifcőtei urdiőeoar oar snehŦeŦe, irlecrcee őe prcaŦee, pchtru i ne sĆvârőetĆ `c-i purure èh Bescrefi
frcőtehĆ sprc padcherci Oue őe sprc ecrtirci pĆfitcoar dcdbreoar Bescrefee Oue. Bescrefi èőe
`cruocizĆ deseuhci èh fi`ruo safectĆŦee radâhcőte preh snehtcoc soumbc èh fi`ruo fĆrari fce firc
pirtefepĆ suht èh faduheuhc fu Lrestas , Diefi @adhuoue őe VnehŦee, preh rĆspâh`erci
èhvĆŦĆturee `udhczcecőte őe preh `encretcoc ifŦeuhe `c firetitc.
PrĆed istĆze èhtr-a safectitc èh firc aduo ifcstue èhfcput `c deocheu cstc hu `air a
neehŦĆ da`crhĆ, fe őe uhi sehkurĆ, ckaestĆ őe oepsetĆ `c fcoc die nrudaisc schtedchtc firc
èhhabeocizĆ sunoctuo. A istnco `c neehŦĆ hefe dĆfir hu die irc fipifetitci `c i fahőtechtezi
niptuo fĆ trĆecőtc `air ibschŦi prczchŦce oue @udhczcu, istnco èhfât hu sc die paitc `cnehe őe
fuhaiőtc pc sehc èhsuőe fi neeh` flep io oue @udhczcu. Ifcisti tafdie `itaretĆ niptuoue fĆ s-i
`cpĆrtit `c Frcitaruo sĆu őe pchtru fĆ i fabarât `eh faribei firc hc `ufc pc taŦe oi ŦĆrduo
dâhtueree ‖ Bescrefi. Zchtru istnco `c aidche pc firc e-id putci hude sukcstev ,,aeŦcoc
rĆtĆfetc— Bescrefi trcbuec sĆ `cpuhĆ uh cnart `cascbet pchtru i-e rci`ufc èh stiuouo `c uh`c iu
pocfit. OĆsâh`u-e sĆ udboc pc iotc fĆe, fu sekurihŦĆ fĆ istnco `c aidche var imuhkc die
`cvrcdc siu die târzeu ifcoc ,,cocdchtc hckitevc— ioc safectĆŦee. Iői`ir, raouo Bescrefee èh
safectitc cstc uhuo `cascbet, fĆfe ce èe rcvehc deseuhci `c i-e i`uhi pc ,,neee resepetare— őe `c i oc
irĆti i`cvĆriti fioc pc firc ifcőtei trcbuec sĆ a urdczc. @ifĆ ‘prc`efirci fuvâhtuoue
`udhczcecsf i fahstetuet aboekiŦei `c fĆpctchec èh iftevetitci soumeree èh taitc tedpureoc, istĆze,
fâh` sehkuruo oaf `c èhvĆŦĆturĆ rcoekeaisĆ i rĆdis idvahuo, sc edpuhc fi ifcistĆ iftevetitc i
prcatuoue sĆ sc fahfchtrczc fu taitĆ itchŦei őe sârkuehŦi èh ifcst puhft `cvchet, die duot fi
arefâh`, latĆrâtar—6. Èh inirĆ `c prc`efi prapreu-zesĆ, oeturkefĆ, prcatuo cstc `itar sĆ-e
fitclezczc pc frc`ehfeaőe ‘fu tedp őe nĆrĆ tedp—(9Pedatce 0,2), sĆ naoascisfĆ arefc preocm
pchtru i-e oĆdure pc aidche fu preverc oi tcziuruo i`cvĆrureoar `c frc`ehŦĆ io Bescrefee frcőtehc.

2 Vtrczi,OiurchŦeu, Pâofuerci oeturkefĆ `eh dihusfresuo h. 999. Beboeatcfi Irlecpesfapece

Vebeuoue, èh ‘Vtu`ee Pcaoakefc—, \\^E(95;0), hr. 9-2, p. ;5-<<.
6 @r. OiurchŦeu Vtrczi, Bufurei `c i trĆe veiŦi èh Lrestas Fuvehtc `c èhvĆŦĆturĆ - 2::3-2:99,FaocfŦei= Deseahir-
ZistarioĆ,2:92, pik.2>-6;

IfcistĆ oufrirc `c fitclezirc i Bescrefee preh soumetaree ce cstc eh`espchsibeoĆ `ifĆ sc urdĆrcőtc
fadbitcrci prazcoetesduoue scftir őe `ifĆ sc `arcőtc fi neee Bescrefee sĆ `cvehĆ die rcspahsibeoe
niŦĆ `c iftcoc pc firc oc èhtrcpreh`. Hudie iői Bescrefi irc fcrtetu`ehci fĆ dĆ`uoircoc ce-
frc`ehfeaőee, suht sĆhĆtaisc őe fĆ ci fahtrebuec iftev oi rchiőtcrci speretuioĆ őe darioĆ i
safectĆŦee.
Bescrefi i rcprczchtit `eh tat`ciuhi iotcrhitevi darioi i dimaretitee radiheoar.
Rcnukeuo speretuio eh ifcisti oudc s-i ehtchsenefit eh pcreai`i direoar frezc ioc safectitee
udihc. Fud spuhci Derfci Coei`c="Ifcst scfao vi ne rcoekeas, siu hu vi ne `coaf."

FIZEPAOSO E
EVPAREI OEPSRKLECE BE]IHPEHC

9.9.Zrcoedehiree
Vnâhti Oeturklec cstc deczuo fuotuoue `eveh, puboef őe faduh, prcfud őe fuodci fci die
èhiotĆ i trĆeree `ulavhefcőte. Dâhtuetarci mcrtnĆ `c pc Kaokati cstc erdasuo tuturar `irureoar, eir
Vnâhti Oeturklec cstc i`ufcrci hcfahtchetĆ i ifcstce mcrtnc őe èhsĆőe oufrirci Oue èh BescrefĆ. Ci
cstc `udhczceisfi őe prcisnâhti PiehĆ i Piehcoar oue Eesus Lrestas. Èh imuhuo darŦee Vioc pc
Frufc, i`efi Mae sciri oi Fehi fci `c PiehĆ, èhsĆőe Dâhtuetaruo, scrbâh` Ziőteoc èdprcuhĆ fu
ufchefee VĆe, ouâh` pâehci őe behcfuvâhtâh` i nrâht őe i `it ufchefeoar VĆe, zefâh`= ‘OuiŦe,
dâhfiŦe, ifcsti cstc Prupuo Dcu—. Ouâh` ipae pateruo őe duoŦudeh`, oc-i `it oar zefâh`= ‘BcŦe
`ehtru ifcsti taŦe, Ifcsti cstc Vâhkcoc Dcu, io Ockee fcoce Hae, firc pchtru vae őe pchtru duoŦe
sc virsĆ sprc ecrtirci pĆfitcoar— (Ditce 2>, 2>, 2<7 Dirfu 90, 22, 207 Oufi 22, 95, 2:7 E
Farehtche 99, 26, 23).
Èh Bescrefi Arta`axĆ ivcd trce Vnehtc Oeturklee=
i) Oeturklei Vnâhtuoue Eaih KurĆ `c Iur, Irlecpesfapuo Fahstihtehapaououe (+0:;)
b) Oeturklei Vnâhtuoue ^iseoc fco Dirc, Irlecpesfapuo Fczircee Fipi`aflece (+6;5)
f) Oeturklei @irureoar die èhiehtc VnehŦetc i Vnâhtuoue Krekarec fco Dirc (@eioakuo),
Cpesfapuo Radce (+>:0)
Èh firtci `c soumbĆ fu tetouo= Vnehtcoc őe `udhczcecőteoc Oeturklee, pc firc hae a huded
`c abefce, die pc sfurt, Oeturklecruo őe firc sc inoĆ tat`ciuhi èh iotir, oi èh`cdâhĆ prcatuoue
oeturklesetar, firc `ehtrc coc sc sĆvârőcőtc èh fursuo ihuoue=
i) Oeturklei Vnâhtuoue ^iseoc sc sĆvârőcőtc hudie `c 9: are pc ih, őe ihudc=
- èh predcoc fehfe `udehefe `eh Zastuo Dirc7
- èh maei őe sâdbĆti Zitedeoar7
- èh imuhuo FrĆfeuhuoue (20 `cfcdbrec) őe imuhuo Babatczce (3 eihuirec)7
- èh zeui Vnâhtuoue ^iseoc (9 eihuirec)
b) Oeturklei @irureoar die èhiehtc VnehŦetc sc soumcőtc (èh dĆhĆstere) èh tat tedpuo
Zastuoue Dirc, èh inirĆ `c urdĆtaircoc zeoc `eh pastuo ifcsti=
- taitc sâdbctcoc (fâh` sc sĆvârőcőtc Oeturklei Vn. Eaih, eir èh VâdbĆti Zitedeoar, i Vn.
^iseoc)7
- taitc @udehefeoc (fâh` sc sĆvârőcőtc Oeturklei Vn. ^iseoc, eir èh @udehefi Noareeoar, i
Vn. Eaih)7

- sĆrbĆtairci Buhce-^cstere (râh` sc nifc Oeturklei Vnâhtuoue Eaih)7

- Maei Zitedeoar (fâh` sc nifc Oeturklei Vn. ^iseoc)7
- Ouhe őe dirŦe `eh predi sĆptĆdâhĆ őe ^ehcrci Zitedeoar (zeoc èh firc hu sc nifc hefe a
Oeturklec).
Èh bescrefeoc `c der, Oeturklei @irureoar die èhiehtc VnehŦetc sc soumcőtc `c abefce hudie
decrfurci őe vehcrci `eh Zastuo Dirc (die iocs èh predi sĆptĆdâhĆ).
f) Oeturklei Vnâhtuoue Eaih KurĆ `c Iur sc nifc èh taitc fcocoiotc zeoc `c @udehefe őe
sĆrbĆtare `eh tedpuo ihuoue èh firc hu sc sĆvârőcőtc vrcuhi `eh fcocoiotc `auĆ Oeturklee. Ci cstc
Oeturklei abeőhuetĆ èh Bescrefi Arta`axĆ, sĆvârőeh`u-sc `c fcoc die duotc are èh fursuo ihuoue
bescrefcsf
@c-i ouhkuo tedpuoue, tcxtuo őe râh`ueioi Oeturklece iu fuhasfut a cvaouŦec fadpocxĆ,
eir fuhaiőtcrci őe èhŦcockcrci ifcstcei suht eh`espchsibeoc èh `cpĆőerci ehtcrprctĆreoar
supcrnefeioc őe spcfuoitevc isupri soumbce culirestefc, `ir őe èh cvetirci uhce soumere ehfahőtechtc
őe nardioestc itât i prcaŦeoar, fât őe i frc`ehfeaőeoar, firc hu rcioezcizĆ èh dĆsuri fuvchetĆ
schsuo őe vioairci èdprcuhĆ-soumeree oar. Vnihti Oeturklec paitc ne ibar`iti pc die duotc
pioecrc=
- Vnâhti Oeturklec ‖ ezvar `c snehŦerc i paparuoue `rcptfrc`ehfeas 0 Fuvâhtuo Oeturklec
èh oedbi krcifĆ èhscidhĆ oufrirc puboefĆ őe pravehc `eh iotc `auĆ fuvehtc, ‘oias— őe ‘crkah—.
‘Oias— èhscidhĆ papar, eir ‘crkah— èhscidhĆ ‘oufrirc—. @cfe Oeturklei cstc oufrirci
paparuoue `rcptfrc`ehfeas pchtru i prcidĆre pc @udhczcu, `ir őe oufrirci oue @udhczcu
pchtru i snehŦe paparuo `rcptfrc`ehfeas. Èhiehtc `c èhfcpcrci Vnehtce Oeturklee, `eifahuo zefc=
—^rcdci cstc sĆ nifcd @adhuoue—, `ir ifcoiőe vcrsct (Zs. 99<, 92>) sc paitc tri`ufc ‘vrcdci
cstc fi @adhuo sĆ oufrczc—, fi @adhuo sĆ oufrczc pchtru hae. Cstc `cfe pasebeoĆ a `uboĆ
tri`ufcrc, fcci fc èhscidhĆ uh `ubou fahŦehut `ulavhefcsf io Vnehtce Oeturklee, fi oufrirc
puboefĆ, őe ihudc, oufrirci paparuoue pchtru prcidĆrerci oue @udhczcu őe oufrirci oue
@udhczcu pchtru snehŦerci paparuoue. Èh ifcst èhŦcocs, oi snârőetuo Vnehtce Oeturklee sc iritĆ fĆ
@udhczcu cstc VnehŦetaruo paparuoue= ‘Pu cőte snehŦerci haistrĆ—, eir rastuo Oeturklece cstc
snehŦerci paparuoue `rcptfrc`ehfeas `c fĆtrc @udhczcu, Firc cstc prczcht őe oufrcizĆ èh tedpuo
Vnehtce Oeturklee. Iői`ir, èhŦcockcd fĆ sĆvârőetaruo prehfepio io Vnehtce Oeturklee cstc Èhsuőe
@adhuo hastru Eesus Lrestas= ‘Pu cőte Fco fc i`ufe őe Pc i`ufe, Fco fc predcőte őe Fco fc Pc
èdpirŦe (`Ćruecőte)—- `upĆ fud sc spuhc èh rukĆfeuhci i`ufcree `irureoar oi Vnâhtuo Iotir. @c
ifcci, fahŦehutuo `ulavhefcsf io Oeturklece paitc ne rczudit istnco= ‘Lrestas èh demoafuo

0 Zr. Zran. Shev. @r. Fahstihteh Kiocreu, ,,Dirtureserci `rcptce frc`ehtc preh Vnihti Oeturklec , eh «Arta`axei·,
hr. 9/95<9, p. 60.

>

hastru—. @ir hu hudie `upĆ prcnifcrci @irureoar èh Prupuo őe Vâhkcoc @adhuoue, fe èh

èhtrciki VnâhtĆ Oeturklec, `c oi èhfcput pâhĆ oi snârőet, cstc Lrestas prczcht èh demoafuo hastru,
`upĆ fud i nĆkĆ`uet Co èhsuőe= ‘Sh`c suht `ae siu trce i`uhiŦe èh hudcoc Dcu, ifaoa suht őe
Cu èh demoafuo oar— (Ditce 9<, 2:). @cfe Lrestas— cstc prczcht èh demoafuo paparuoue
`rcptfrc`ehfeas i`uhit èh hudcoc Oue. Co cstc prczcht èhtrc hae, èh da` tiehef, hcvĆzut. Eir
ifcistĆ prczchŦĆ lirefĆ i oue Lrestas, hcvĆzutĆ, `ir rcioĆ, èh tedpuo Vnehtce Oeturklee, cstc
dĆrturesetĆ efahef, vezuio, preh efaihc őe preh iftc siu kcsture oeturkefc ioc irlecrcuoue siu ioc
prcatuoue7 őe cstc prafoiditĆ vcrbio preh feterci Cvihklcoece, preh fuvehtc `c fcrcrc őe
behcfuvâhtirc rastetc `c irlecrcuo firc prcze`cizĆ Vnâhti Oeturklec, `c prcaŦe őe `c `eifahe— 3
soumetare ie oue Lrestas èh őe pchtru Bescrefi Vi, patrevet fuvehtcoar Vioc= ‘Zrcfud D-i tredes pc
Dehc PitĆo, vĆ tredet őe Cu pc vae— (Eaih 2:, 297 96, 2:7 Ditce 9:, 0:) őe ‘Fco fc vĆ isfuotĆ pc
vae pc Dehc DĆ isfuotĆ— (Oufi 9:, 9>). IfcistĆ prczchŦĆ lirefĆ i oue Lrestas ‖ Irlecrcuo
vcőhef èh Vnâhti Oeturklec i Bescrefee sc ehtchsenefĆ èh `Ćruerci Oue fĆtrc BescrefĆ őe
fuodehcizĆ èh snehŦerci @irureoar őe èdpĆrtĆőerci focruoue őe frc`ehfeaőeoar fu Prupuo őe Vâhkcoc
VĆu. Istnco, Culirestei cstc fci die saocdhĆ őe fci die ehtchsĆ faduheuhc i Bescrefee fu
Lrestas, Co neeh` Fipuo őe Dercoc Bescrefee, eir Bescrefi neeh` Prupuo VĆu tiehef. Zreh
èdpĆrtĆőerci culirestefĆ Lrestas hu die cstc prczcht `air èh demoafuo hastru siu èhtrc hae, fe
èhoĆuhtruo hastru, èh hae. Co `cvehc ^eiŦi vecŦee haistrc (fn. Eaih >, 3>-3;). Vnâhti Oeturklec
cstc, iői`ir, fci die hcfcsirĆ, die prcŦeaisĆ, die bchcnefĆ őe die snâhtĆ oufrirc i Bescrefee, fi
oufrirc i paparuoue pchtru @udhczcu őe oufrirc i oue @udhczcu pchtru papar, `ir őe pchtru
èhtrck uhevcrsuo frcit `c @udhczcu.
- Vnâhti Oeturklec ‖ ezvar `c veiŦĆ vcőhefĆ > Zreh Vnâhti Oeturklec sc rcioezcizĆ fci
die vec ockĆturĆ `ulavhefcisfĆ i oue Lrestas fu Bescrefi Vi, fci die bakitĆ faduhefirc őe fci
die ehtchsĆ faduheuhc `ehtrc Lrestas ‖ Fipuo Bescrefee őe Bescrefi Vi, firc cstc Prupuo VĆu
tiehef, tcdpou io Vnâhtuoue @ul, fisĆ őe papar io oue @udhczcu ‖ PitĆo, preh firc sc `Ćruecőtc
Bescrefee Vioc veiŦĆ vcőhefĆ, `upĆ fud hc iritĆ Dâhtuetaruo Eesus Lrestas, èh Cvihklcoei `upĆ
Vnâhtuo Cvihklcoest Eaih= ‘Fco fc dĆhâhfĆ Prupuo Dcu őe bci Vâhkcoc Dcu, irc veiŦĆ vcőhefĆ
őe Cu èo vae èhvei èh zeui fci `c ipae—(Eaih >, 30). Fâh` èh tedpuo Vnehtce őe @udhczcecőtee
Oeturklee hc èdpĆrtĆőed fu Prupuo őe Vâhkcoc @adhuoue, he sc spuhc `c fĆtrc prcat fĆ hc
èdpĆrtĆőed ‘pchtru ecrtirci pĆfitcoar őe veiŦi `c vcfe—, eir strihi fâhtĆ èh tedpuo èdpĆrtĆőeree
frc`ehfeaőeoar= ‘Prupuo oue Lrestas predeŦe, őe `eh ezvaruo fco nĆrĆ `c dairtc kustiŦe—. Sherci

3 Zr. Zran. Shev. @r. Bares Babrehsgay, Edpirtiserci Vnihtuoue @ul, tri`. `c Direufi se I`reih Iocxih`rcsfu,
CEBDBAR, Bufurcste, 9555, p.0>57 Hefaoic Fibiseoi, Piofuerci @udhczcecstee Oeturklee, OE, tri`., stu`eu
ehtra`uftev se hatc `c Zr. Zran. @r. Chc Brihestc eh Vfrecre, Bufurcste, 95<5, p. 99:.
> Hefaoic Fibiseoi, Piofuerci @udhczcecstee Oeturklee, E, tri`. fet., p. 2;.

`ulavhefcisfĆ i oue Lrestas fu Bescrefi Vi őe i Bescrefee Vioc fu Lrestas irc fi sfap ecrtirci
pĆfitcoar őe snehŦerci aidcheoar pchtru i `abâh`e dâhtuerci őe veiŦi vcőhefĆ. @c ifcci, suhtcd
flcdiŦe èh tedpuo Vnehtce őe @udhczcecőtee Oeturklee fi —taitĆ veiŦi haistrĆ, oue Lrestas
@udhczcu sĆ a `Ćd—. @cfe, Vnâhti Oeturklec hu c uh sedpou retuio, a sedpoĆ tri`eŦec nardioĆ,
fe ci cstc èhsĆőe veiŦi Bescrefee èh ockĆturi ce vec fu Lrestas @adhuo, Firc i spus= ‘EitĆ, Cu
Vuht fu vae èh taitc zeococ pâhĆ oi snârőetuo vcifuoue—(Ditce 2<, 2:). Vnâhti Oeturklec
‘fahnerdĆ `cfe prczchŦi eubetairc, snehŦetairc őe dâhtuetairc i Oue Lrestas èh veiŦi Bescrefee.
Lrestas @adhuo cstc preh liruo VĆu prczcht èh taitĆ oudci, `ir èh da`uo fco die ehtchs, die
ehted őe die iftev cstc Co prczcht ifaoa uh`c c flcdit die `cs őe eubet die duot, i`efĆ èh
Bescrefi Vi, őe die iocs èh Vnâhti őe @udhczceisfi Oeturklec i Bescrefee Vioc— ;, ‘pc firc i
fâőtekit-a fu èhsuőe Vâhkcoc VĆu— (Niptc 2:, 2<). Èh Vnâhti Oeturklec sc duoŦudcőtc oue
@udhczcu ‘pchtru behcnifcreoc pc firc oc őted őe pc firc hu oc őted, pchtru behcnifcreoc Pioc
fcoc irĆtitc őe fcoc hcirĆtitc fc he s-iu nĆfut hauĆ—. Naoasuo Vnehtce Oeturklee őe io Vnehtce
ÈdpĆrtĆőihee pchtru veiŦi frcőteheoar cstc dirc, neeh` cxpredit fleir èh rukĆfeuheoc Vnehtce
Oeturklee= ‘trczerci (siu trczvei) sunoctuoue, ecrtirci pĆfitcoar, èdpĆrtĆőerci fu Vnâhtuo @ul,
prederci ÈdpĆrĆŦece fcrureoar, èh`rĆzherci fĆtrc @udhczcu— (RukĆfeuhc `upĆ snehŦerci
@irureoar), ‘snehŦerci sunoctcoar őe trupureoar, tĆdĆ`uerci sunoctuoue őe i trupuoue, ezkaherci i tat
patrevhefuoue, oudehirci afleoar ehedee, èdpĆfirci sunoctcőteoar putcre, imutar sprc frc`ehŦĆ
hcèhnruhtitĆ, `rikastc hcnĆŦirhefĆ, `csĆvârőerci èhŦcocpfeuhee, pizi paruhfeoar `udhczcecőte,
i`Ćukerci `udhczcecsfuoue lir, `abâh`erci ÈdpĆrĆŦece oue @udhczcu— (RukĆfeuhci èhtâe `c
duoŦuderc, `upĆ @udhczceisfi ÈdpĆrtĆőihec, i Vnâhtuoue ^iseoc fco Dirc), sprc bufurec, sprc
sĆhĆtitc őe sprc vcscoec— (RukĆfeuhci i pitri `c duoŦuderc i Vnâhtuoue Flereo io Iocxih`rece).
Vnâhti Oeturklec fupreh`c èh rukĆfeuheoc sioc veee őe darŦee, pc fce prczchŦe őe pc fce fc hu pat
pirtefepi oi ci `eh datevc èhtcdceitc, ci fupreh`c Bescrefi èhtrcikĆ `c oi a dirkehc oi ioti i
pĆdâhtuoue őe èhtrck uhevcrsuo. Ci sc sĆvârőcőtc pchtru sĆhĆtitci őe dâhtuerci aidcheoar,
pchtru èdbcoőukirci rai`coar pĆdâhtuoue őe pchtru vrcdure piőhefc, neeh`fĆ preh ci sc iritĆ
euberci itatdeoastevĆ őe itatfuprehzĆtairc i oue @udhczcu pchtru ‘oudci pc firc i nĆfut-a
`rcipti Vi—.
- Vnâhti Oeturklec - ezvar `c fuoturĆ frcőtehĆ. Zredcoc fĆrŦe tepĆretc oi radâhe s-iu
sfres őe tepĆret èh teh`i Bescrefee. Irtcoc őe taitĆ fuoturi paparuoue radâh iu ezvarât `eh fuot,
èhfât sc paitc spuhc fĆ sunoctuo fuoturee radâhcőte cstc fuotuo arta`ax. Fuotuo èhscidhĆ
fuotevirci rcoiŦece aidcheoar fu @udhczcu Frcitaruo, eir fuoturi èhscidhĆ fuotevirci rcoiŦece
; Zr. Zran. Shev. @r. Hefaoic Fahstihteh Buzcsfu, ,, Oeturklei-fchtruo fuotuoue arta`axjj, eh «Arta`axei·, hr.
9/95<9, p. 03.

<

aidcheoar fu oudci, fu frciŦei oue @udhczcu. Fâh` hae duoŦuded Frcitaruoue pchtru frciŦec,
a nifcd pchtru fĆ suhtcd neehŦc ehtcoekchtc őe oeturkefc siu culirestefc, i`efĆ rcfuhasfĆtairc
siu duoŦudetairc. Fuvâhtuo krcfcsf culirestec èhscidhĆ rcfuhaőtehŦĆ siu duoŦuderc. ‘Fâh`
irĆtĆd rcfuhaőtehŦĆ niŦĆ `c @udhczcu, pchtru fĆ hc-i i`us `c oi hcneehŦĆ oi neehŦĆ, i`efĆ oi
cxestchŦĆ, pchtru fĆ naoased icruo Oue, ipi Oue őe saircoc Oue, frcitc hu `c hae, fe frcitc `c Co
pchtru hae, ituhfe frcőtcd èh euberc, fuotevĆd rcoiŦei haistrĆ fu @udhczcu Frcitaruo őe snehŦed
frciŦei Oue, fahtehuâh` oufrirci Oue èdprcuhĆ fu Co— <. @c ifcci sc spuhc èh papar fĆ ‘aduo
snehŦcőtc oafuo—. @i, snehŦcőtc oafuo `ifĆ sc snehŦcőtc die èhtâe pc sehc èh rcoiŦei si fu Fco Shuo
Vnâht, fu @udhczcu, fu Zrcisnâhti Prcedc őe fu VnehŦee oue @udhczcu prczchŦe őe oufrĆtare èh
Vnâhti BescrefĆ őe èh oudc. Oeturklei i nast ezvaruo fuoturee radâhcőte, pchtru fĆ die èhtâe
‘sunoctuo fuoturee cstc fuoturi sunoctuoue—. @eh euberci őe rcfuhaőtehŦi aidcheoar frc`ehfeaőe niŦĆ
`c Lrestas s-i `czvaotit őe fuoturi `Ćrhefece niŦĆ `c Bescrefi oue Lrestas, Fco fc preh oufrirci
Bescrefee Vioc hc eirtĆ pĆfitcoc (fn. Eaih 2:, 22-26), hc batcizĆ fapeee, hc behcfuvâhtcizĆ
huhti, hc behcfuvâhtcizĆ fiscoc, hc snehŦcőtc taitĆ veiŦi. @eh duoŦuderci i`usĆ oue @udhczcu
őe `eh `irureoc ancretc Bescrefee s-i hĆsfut irti rcoekeaisĆ siu sifrĆ, őe ihudc duzefi, paczei őe
oetcrituri rcoekeaisĆ, deheituri, fioekrinei, tepiruo bescrefcsf, irletcfturi őe sfuopturi
bescrefcisfĆ, efahakrinei, bra`crei őe iotcoc. Paitc ifcstci iu ehsperit őe oudehit ipae fuoturi
paparuoue radâh= őfaioi, oedbi, oetcrituri, irti, naofoaruo, ahadistefi, tapahedei, sĆrbĆtareoc
ockioc, fuotuo craeoar, stcdi ŦĆree, edhuo hiŦeahio, `ir die iocs mcrtncohefei őe rĆb`irci radâheoar
fu spcrihŦi beruehŦce isupri rĆuoue, fi tĆrec i ockĆturee `ehtrc Frufci őe Èhvecrci oue Lrestas
irĆtitĆ èh veiŦi paparuoue frc`ehfeas.
5
- Vnâhti Oeturklec - ezvar `c `Ćrhefec siu neoihtrapec frcőtehĆ @upĆ fc frcőtehee
arta`afőe radâhe őe-iu èhnruduscŦit sunoctcoc isfuotâh` Cvihklcoei euberee deoastevc i oue
Lrestas, preveh` efaihcoc snehŦeoar eubetare `c @udhczcu őe `c aidche, vĆzâh` vcődehtcoc
oudehaisc fi scdhc ioc oudehee `eh ÈdpĆrĆŦei Fcrureoar, poehe `c pifc sunoctcisfĆ őe `c euberc
snâhtĆ rcvĆrsitĆ `eh euberci mcrtncohefĆ i Oue Lrestas pc firc iu predet-a èh Vnâhti Oeturklec, ce
imutĆ pc fce sĆrife, noĆdâhze, kae, arnihe, baohive, strĆehe, pc fce hcfĆmeŦe őe èhtrestiŦe, sehkure őe
uetiŦe `c aidche, pchtru fĆ neoihtrapei Bescrefee sc hiőtc `eh Oeturklei Bescrefee, i`efĆ oufrirci
safeioĆ i Bescrefee ezvarĆőtc `eh veiŦi speretuioĆ i ce őe sc cxpredĆ èh deoastchec pcrsahioĆ siu
èh ehstetuŦee neoihtrapefc= fĆdehc pchtru fapee, fisc pchtru bĆtrâhe, uhetĆŦe dc`efioc, fihtehc
pchtru sĆrife ő.i.. Istnco Piehi Vnâhtuoue Iotir sc uhcőtc fu Piehi Nritcoue firc irc hcvaec `c
euberci deoastevĆ i fcoue `irhef (fn. Ditce 23, 69-0:).

< Zirehtcoc Irledih`ret Pcaneo Zirieih ,,,Oudehe `c kih`jj, C`eturi Ihted, Foum, 955;, p. 95<.
5 Hefaoic Fibiseoi, ,,Piofuerci @udhczcecstee Oeturklee jj, E, tri`. fet., p. 2;.

- Vnâhti Oeturklec - ezvar `c fahtehuetitc őe uhetitc radâhcisfĆ 9:. Zc tcretareuo ŦĆree

haistrc, `c oi frcőtehirci strĆdaőeoar preh prc`efi Vnâhtuoue Ipastao Ih`rce pâhĆ ize, hefea`itĆ
hu s-i èhtrcrupt sĆvârőerci Vnehtce Oeturklee. Fleir `ifĆ Vnâhti Oeturklec i nast sĆvârőetĆ siu
fcocbritĆ èh pcőtcrĆ, èh duhŦe, èh vĆe i`âhfe, èh oafure isfuhsc, fâh` hĆvĆociu papaircoc
dekritairc, tatuőe ci hu i èhfctit hefea`itĆ. Arefât ir ne nast radâhee arta`afőe `c prekaheŦe őe
isupreŦe `c stĆpâhetare `c iotĆ frc`ehŦĆ siu `c pradatare `c e`caoakee strĆehc őe itcc, Vnâhti
McrtnĆ CulirestefĆ i Vnehtce Oeturklee i fahtehuit sĆ nec fcocbritĆ èh papar, pchtru fĆ preh ci sc
predcőtc putcrci mcrtncohefĆ `c i ne frc`ehfeaőe oue Lrestas őe `c i rĆdâhc uheŦe fu Co èh estarec
őe èh ctcrhetitc. Zadcherci craeoar őe i darŦeoar `eh hcid èh hcid, `eh kchcriŦec èh kchcriŦec, i
ehsperit őe susŦehut a fuoturĆ i fahtehuetĆŦee radâhcőte frcőtehc, eir ferfuoiŦei fĆrŦeoar `c fuot èh
oedbi radâhĆ èh taitc pravehfeeoc radâhcőte i fahtrebuet oi `czvaotirci fahőteehŦce uhetĆŦee
hiŦeahioc, èhfât putcd spuhc fĆ Oeturklei i nardit őe siovit Radâhei frcőtehĆ.
- Vnâhti Oeturklec ‖ ezvar `c faduheuhc arta`axĆ uhevcrsioĆ 99 Èh arefc oaf őe èh arefc
hcid siu papar s-ir sĆvârőe Vnâhti Oeturklec hu cstc hefea`itĆ `air a oufrirc oafioĆ, cthefĆ siu
hiŦeahioĆ, fe tat`ciuhi ci cstc őe uhevcrsioĆ, èhtrufât èh Vnâhti Oeturklec sc dihencstĆ frc`ehŦi
őe uhetitci Bescrefee Arta`axc sabarhefcőte, pochirc őe uhevcrsioc, `eh taitc tedpureoc őe `eh
taitc oafureoc, ‘frc`ehŦi `itĆ a `itĆ pchtru tat`ciuhi snehŦeoar— (Eu`i 9, 6). @c ifcci, èhfcpâh`
fu Zrasfade`ei, uh`c suht padchetc fcoc 5 fctc `c snehŦe, focruo őe fah`ufĆtaree derche, veee őe
darŦee, őe pâhĆ oi snârőetuo Oeturklece, tatuo cstc `ca`itĆ oafio őe uhevcrsio, pĆdâhtcsf őe fcrcsf,