CHAPTER 61 FOURIER SERIES FOR A NON-PERIODIC

FUNCTION OVER RANGE 2π

EXERCISE 265 Page 674

1. Show that the Fourier series for the function f(x) = x over the range x = 0 to x = 2 is given by:

f(x) =  - 2(sin x +

The function f(x) = x is not periodic. The function is shown below in the range 0 to 2 and is then

constructed outside of that range so that it is periodic of period 2 (see broken lines) with the

resulting saw-tooth waveform.

For a Fourier series: f(x) = a0 + a cos nx + b sin nx)

a = = = =π

a = =

= by integration by parts (see chapter 42)

= =0
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 b = =

= by integration by parts

= =

When n is odd or even, b = . Thus b1 = - 2, b2 = , b3 = , b4 = - , b5 = , and so

on.

Thus f(x) = x = π - 2 sin x - sin 2x - sin 3x - sin 4x - sin5x - sin 6x - ..

i.e. x = π - 2(sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x + sin 4x + sin 5x + )

for values of f(x) between 0 and 2. For values of f(x) outside the range 0 to 2 the sum of the

series is not equal to f(x)

2. Determine the Fourier series for the function defined by:

f(t) =

Draw a graph of the function within and outside of the given range.

The periodic function is shown in the diagram below.

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 =

= by integration by parts twice

= since cos(-n) = cos n

When n is even,

When n = 1,

When n = 3,

When n = 5, and so on.

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 = by integration by parts
twice

= =0 since cos n = cos(-n)

Substituting into f(t) =

gives: f(t) = +0

i.e. f(t) =

3. Find the Fourier series for the function f(x) = x +  within the range -  < x < 

The function is shown sketched below.

f(x) = a0 + a cos nx + b sin nx)

a = = = =π

a = =

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 = by integration by parts (see chapter 42)

b = =

= by integration by parts

Hence, b1 = , b2 = , b3 = , b4 = - , b5 = , and so on.

Thus f(x) = x + π = π + 0 + sin x - sin 2x + sin 3x - sin 4x + sin5x - sin 6x + ..

i.e. x + π = π + 2(sin x - sin 2x + sin 3x - sin 4x + sin 5x - )

4. Determine the Fourier series up to and including the third harmonic for the function defined by:

f(x) =

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 Sketch a graph of the function within and outside of the given range, assuming the period is 2

The periodic function is shown in the diagram below.

= by integration by parts

When n is even,

When n = 1,

When n = 3,

When n = 5, and so on.

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 = by integration by parts

Substituting into f(x) =

gives: f(x) = +0

i.e. f(x) =

5. Expand the function f() =  in a Fourier series in the range -  <  < 

Sketch the function within and outside of the given range.

The periodic function is shown in the diagram below.

= by integration by parts twice

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 =
since cos n = cos(-n)

Hence, , , , , and so on.

= by integration by parts twice

= =0

Substituting into f() =

gives: f() = +0

i.e. f() =

6. For the Fourier series obtained in Problem 5, let x =  and deduce the series for

When  =  in Problem 5 above, f() =

Thus, =

i.e. =

i.e.

i.e.

and

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i.e.

i.e. =

7. Sketch the waveform defined by:

f(x) =

Determine the Fourier series in this range

The periodic function is shown in the diagram below.

= by integration by
parts

= since cos n = cos(-n)

When n is even,
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Hence, , , and so on.

= by
integration by parts

Substituting into f(x) =

gives: f(x) =

i.e. f(x) =

8. For the Fourier series of Problem 7, deduce a series for

When f(x) = 1 in the series of problem 7 above, x = 0,

hence, 1=

i.e.

EXERCISE 266 Page 675

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1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)

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