MANEJO, CONCESSÃO E CERTIFICAÇÃO

Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

FLORESTAL NA AMAZÔNIA

Manejo Florestal. 2 PDQHMR Gestão Florestal. $ JHVWmR GH

IORUHVWDO VmR SUiWLFDV GH SODQHMDPHQWR
H SULQFtSLRV GH FRQVHUYDomR TXH YLVDP
garantir a capacidade de uma floresta de
suprir continuamente um produto ou
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HP
florestas naturais no Brasil ocorre nas di-
YHUVDVHVIHUDVGRSRGHUS~EOLFR8QLmR
(VWDGRVH0XQLFtSLRV1D/HLGH*HVWmR
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Quadro 4$UUDQMRLQVWLWXFLRQDOSDUDDJHVWmRIORUHVWDOQDVGLYHUVDVHVIHUDVGHJRYHUQR
Atribuições dos
União Estados Municípios
órgãos

3ROtWLFD)ORUHVWDO 6HFUHWDULD(VWDGXDOGH 6HFUHWDULD0XQLFLSDO

MMA
3RGHU&RQFHGHQWH Meio Ambiente de Meio Ambiente

ÐUJmR(VWDGXDORX
&RQWUROHHILVFDOL]DomR ÐUJmR0XQLFLSDOGH
Ibama 6HFUHWDULDGH0HLR
ambiental das florestas Meio Ambiente
Ambiente

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&RQVHUYDomRIORUHVWDO ,&0%LR
Meio Ambiente Meio Ambiente

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6HUYLoR)ORUHVWDO
S~EOLFDVFRQFHVV}HV *HVWmRGH)ORUHVWDV *HVWmRGH)ORUHVWDV
Brasileiro
florestais 3~EOLFDV 3~EOLFDV
ÐUJmRVFROHJLDGRVGH
&RQDPD&RQDIORU &RQVHOKR(VWDGXDOGH &RQVHOKR0XQLFLSDO
SDUWLFLSDomRQDJHVWmR
&JIORS Meio Ambiente de Meio Ambiente
florestal
)RQWH6)%  

76
 Estimativa de Legalidade da GRV  PLOK}HV GH PHWURV F~ELFRV GH

Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

Madeira. $ H[WUDomR GH PDGHLUDV QD PDGHLUDHPWRUDH[WUDtGRVQD$PD]{QLD
$PD]{QLD Vy p SHUPLWLGD SRU PHLR GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  RX  PLOK}HV
SODQRV GH PDQHMR IORUHVWDO H DXWRUL]D GH PHWURV F~ELFRV  IRUDP DXWRUL]DGRV
o}HV GH GHVPDWDPHQWR OHJDO (P  OHJDOPHQWHSDUDH[SORUDomR )LJXUD 

Figura 29.(VWLPDWLYDGDSURGXomRPDGHLUHLUDLOHJDOQD$PD]{QLDEUDVLOHLUDHP

‡9DQWDJHQV(FRQ{PLFDVH(FROyJLFDVGR0DQHMR)ORUHVWDO
Por Instituto Floresta Tropical (IFT)

Manejo Florestal versus Explo- RX WpFQLFDV HVSHFLDLV p HPSUHJDGR (VWD

ração Convencional. 9iULRV H[SHUL
mentos conduzidos na Amazônia desde
RLQtFLRGDGpFDGDGHGHPRQVWUDP
LQ~PHUDV YDQWDJHQV GD H[SORUDomR PD
QHMDGD HP FRPSDUDomR j H[SORUDomR
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QHMDPHQWR FRPRRLQYHQWiULRIORUHVWDO 
H[SORUDomR IRL GHVHQYROYLGD QD $PD]{
QLD SDUD SURYRFDU D GHJUDGDomR IORUHVWDO
H D SRVWHULRU FRQYHUVmR GD WHUUD SDUD D
DJURSHFXiULD 3RU RXWUR ODGR QD H[SOR
UDomR PDQHMDGD WDLV H[SHULPHQWRV GH
monstram que sua madeira é mais barata
FXVWR  LQIHULRU  DR PHVPR WHPSR
HP TXH PDQWpP R YDORU IXWXUR GD IOR

2FiOFXORFRQVLGHUDDSHQDVDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHDSURGXomRPDGHLUHLUDGD$PD]{QLDHP PLOK}HVGH


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3$ 'HVWDIRUPDRFiOFXORVXEHVWLPDRYROXPHGHPDGHLUDLOHJDOH[SORUDGRSRUPHLRGHIUDXGHVQRV
SODQRVGHPDQHMROLFHQFLDGRVHQDVDXWRUL]Do}HVGHWUDQVSRUWHGHPDGHLUD

77
 resta, causa a metade dos impactos sobre SHODH[SORUDomR 4XDGUR $OpPGLVVR
Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

RVRORIORUHVWDOHVREUHDViUYRUHVTXHVH
ULDPFROKLGDVQRVHJXQGRFLFORGHFRUWH
causa apenas um terço dos desperdícios
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QDOHUHGX]HPRFDUERQRHPLWLGR
RPDQHMRIORUHVWDODMXGDDGLPLQXLUDLQ
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1DEXXUVet al&3) 

Quadro 5. &RPSDUDomRGHDVSHFWRVHFRQ{PLFRVHHFROyJLFRVGDH[SORUDomRFRQYHQFLRQDO
FRPDH[SORUDomRVREPDQHMRIORUHVWDO

Custos e índices econômicos Exploração convencional Manejo florestal

&XVWRWRWDOGDPDGHLUDSURGX]LGD
 
86P QD$PD]{QLD2ULHQWDO1

9DORU3UHVHQWH/tTXLGRGDDWLYLGDGH2
 
86KHFWDUH
Danos causados à floresta pela exploração e desperdícios de madeira2
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KHFWDUH

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H[SORUDomR

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0,10 
H[SORUDomR

Desperdícios de madeira
 
PKHFWDUH 
Balanço de carbono 6
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 12
WKHFWDUH
1
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2
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LQLFLDOGHFDUERQRGHWKD

78
‡&RQFHVV}HV)ORUHVWDLVHP3HUVSHFWLYDVH)DWRV

Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

Por Jakeline Pereira

&RQFHVVmR )ORUHVWDO p a delegação GH'HVHQYROYLPHQWR6XVWHQWiYHO $'6 

onerosa, feita pelo poder concedente, do direito
de praticar manejo florestal sustentável para ex-
ploração de produtos e serviços numa unidade
de manejo, mediante licitação, à pessoa jurídica,
em consórcio ou não, que atenda às exigências do
respectivo edital de licitação e demonstre capaci-
dade para seu desempenho, por sua conta e risco
e por prazo determinado36$/HLGH*HVWmR
GH )ORUHVWDV 3~EOLFDV /HL  
GLVS}HVREUHDDGPLQLVWUDomRGHVVDVIOR
UHVWDVSRUPHLRGHSULQFtSLRVGHSURWHomR
GRVHFRVVLVWHPDVSURPRomRHGLIXVmRGH
pesquisas, respeito ao direito de uso tra-
dicional e, sobretudo o estabelecimento
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 1RHQWDQWRDViUHDVS~EOLFDVSDV
VtYHLVGHFRQFHVVmRVmR8&VGHXVRVXV
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[LPDGDPHQWH5PLOK}HV 7DEHOD 


$/HLFRQVLGHUDIORUHVWDVS~EOLFDVFRPR´florestas, naturais ou plantadas, localizadas nos diversos biomas brasileiros,
em bens sob o domínio da União, dos Estados, dos Municípios, do Distrito Federal ou das entidades da administração indireta”

/HL(VWDGXDO'LVS}HVREUHDSUHVHUYDomRHFRQVHUYDomRGDVIORUHVWDVGR(VWDGRLQVWLWXLR6LVWHPD
(VWDGXDOGHÉUHDV1DWXUDLV3URWHJLGDVFULDR&RQVHOKR)ORUHVWDO(VWDGXDOHR)XQGR(VWDGXDOGH)ORUHVWDVH
GiRXWUDVSURYLGrQFLDV

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)ORWDVFRPRREMHWLYRGHXVRP~OWLSORVXVWHQWiYHOGRVUHFXUVRVIORUHVWDLVHVHUYLoRVDPELHQWDLVDSHVTXLVDHR
GHVHQYROYLPHQWRVXVWHQWiYHOGHFRPXQLGDGHVWUDGLFLRQDLVHGiRXWUDVSURYLGrQFLDV

/HL'LVS}HVREUHDFULDomRGR,GHIORUHGR)XQGR(VWDGXDOGH'HVHQYROYLPHQWR)ORUHVWDO )XQGHIORU 

79
 Tabela 39.)ORUHVWDV1DFLRQDLVFRQFHGLGDVRXHPSURFHVVRGHFRQFHVVmRQD$PD]{QLD
Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

/HJDODWpMXOKRGH
Área em Previsão
Área sob
Área Unidade processo de de arreca-
Floresta pública UF concessão
total (ha) de manejo concessão dação (R$/
(hectares)
(ha) ano)
)ORQD-DPDUL RO    - 
)ORQD6DUDFi7DTXHUD 3$   1

)ORQD$PDQD 3$    
Total 1.206.003 11 93.361 259.009 13.613.979
)RQWH6)%  
1
'DVWUrV8QLGDGHVGH0DQHMR 80) OLFLWDGDVQD)ORQD6DUDFi7DTXHUDQmRKRXYHLQWHUHVVDGRVQD80),
KHFWDUHV 

3DUD  R 3DRI LGHQWLILFRX  3RUpPDiUHDOtTXLGDWRWDOSDUDFRQFHV

)ORQDVHOHJtYHLVSDUDFRQFHVVmRIORUHVWDO
TXH VRPDP DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  PL
OK}HV GH KHFWDUHV 'HVVH WRWDO D JUDQGH
PDLRULD   HQFRQWUDVH QR 3DUi 
QR$FUHHHP5RQG{QLD )LJXUD 
VmRGHYHUiVHUEHPPHQRUXPDYH]TXH
VRPHQWHHPXPDSDUWHGDV)ORQDVSRGH
UiVHUIHLWDH[WUDomRGHPDGHLUDGHDFRUGR
FRPRVVHXVUHVSHFWLYRVSODQRVGHPDQH
MRRXSODQRVGHJHVWmR 7DEHOD 

Tabela 40.)ORUHVWDVQDFLRQDLVFRPSRWHQFLDOSDUDFRQFHVVmRHP
UF Floresta pública Área total (ha)
)ORQDGR0DFDXm 
$&
)ORQDGH6mR)UDQFLVFR 
RO )ORQDGH-DFXQGi 
)ORQDGH$OWDPLUD 
)ORQDGH&UHSRUL 
)ORQDGH,WDLWXED, 
)ORQDGH,WDLWXED,, 
3$
)ORQDGR$PDQD 
)ORQDGR-DPDQ[LP 
)ORQDGR7UDLUmR 
)ORQD6DUDFi7DTXHUD 
Total 5.107.745,55
)RQWH6)%  

80
 Figura 30.)ORUHVWDVS~EOLFDVIHGHUDLVFRQFHGLGDVHSDVVtYHLVGHFRQFHVVmR

Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

QD$PD]{QLD/HJDOHP

)RQWH6)%  

Certificação Florestal. A certi- HR3URJUDPD%UDVLOHLURGH&HUWLILFDomR

ILFDomRIORUHVWDOpXPPHFDQLVPRLQGH
SHQGHQWH GH DXGLWRULD SDUD DYDOLDomR GD
TXDOLGDGHGRPDQHMRIORUHVWDOHGDVLOYL
FXOWXUD $WXDOPHQWH H[LVWHP GXDV PR
GDOLGDGHVGHFHUWLILFDomRSDUDIORUHVWDVQR
%UDVLODIORUHVWDO 3ODQRGH0DQHMR)OR
UHVWDO HGDFDGHLDGHFXVWyGLD$VGLYHU
sas empresas certificadoras de floresta no
Brasil utilizam dois sistemas de certifi-
FDomRRForest Stewardship Council )6& 
)ORUHVWDO &HUIORU YLQFXODGRDR Program
for the Endorsementof Forest Certification
Schemes 3()& 
O sistema mais difundido é o
)6&)XQGDGRHPHHPRSHUDomRQR
%UDVLOGHVGHR)6&RSHUDGHDFRUGR
FRPSULQFtSLRVHFULWpULRVGHPDQHMRIOR
restal elaborados a partir de considerações
VRFLDLV UHVSHLWRjVOHLVWUDEDOKLVWDVHSUR
PRomRGREHPHVWDUGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHVH

81
 GDV FRPXQLGDGHV YL]LQKDV  HFRQ{PLFDV DWUiV DSHQDV GR &DQDGi 5~VVLD (8$
Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

UHQWDELOLGDGH GR HPSUHHQGLPHQWR  H 6XpFLD H 3RO{QLD $V IORUHVWDV FHUWLILFD

DPELHQWDLV PLQLPL]DomR GRV LPSDFWRV
DPELHQWDLV FRQVHUYDomR GD IDXQD H GD
ELRGLYHUVLGDGHHWF 
2 &HUIORU IRL ODQoDGR HP 
H UHFRQKHFLGR LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWH SHOR
3()&HP(VVHVLVWHPDYLVDjFHUWL
ILFDomRGRPDQHMRIORUHVWDOHGDFDGHLDGH
FXVWyGLDVHJXQGRRDWHQGLPHQWRGRVFUL
térios e indicadores prescritos nas nor-
PDVHODERUDGDVSHOD$VVRFLDomR%UDVLOHLUD
GH1RUPDV7pFQLFDV $%17 HLQWHJUD
GDVDR6LVWHPD%UDVLOHLURGH$YDOLDomRGD
&RQIRUPLGDGH H DR ,QVWLWXWR 1DFLRQDO
GH0HWURORJLD ,QPHWUR 
Sistema FSC no mundo. Até
VHWHPEURGHR)6&KDYLDFHUWLILFD
GRHPSUHHQGLPHQWRVIORUHVWDLVHP
WRGRRPXQGRQXPWRWDOGHDSUR[LPD
GDPHQWHPLOK}HVGHKHFWDUHVGLV
WULEXtGRVHPSDtVHV2%UDVLOSRVVXLD
VH[WDPDLRUiUHDGHIORUHVWDVFHUWLILFDGDV
GR PXQGR  PLOK}HV GH KHFWDUHV 
GDV QR %UDVLO UHSUHVHQWDP  GD iUHD
FHUWLILFDGDSHOR)6&QD$PpULFDGR6XO
HDSHQDVGDVIORUHVWDVFHUWLILFDGDVQR
PXQGR 7DEHOD 
Situação fundiária e tipos de
floresta certificada pelo FSC. &LQ
TXHQWD H FLQFR SRU FHQWR GDV iUHDV FHU
WLILFDGDVQRPXQGRVmRSULYDGDV$VIOR
UHVWDVS~EOLFDVUHSUHVHQWDPGRWRWDO
FHUWLILFDGR DV IORUHVWDV HP iUHDV FRPX
QLWiULDVUHSUHVHQWDPHDVFRQFHVV}HV
IORUHVWDLV FHUWLILFDGDV SHOR )6& VRPDP
DSHQDVGRWRWDOGDiUHDFHUWLILFDGDQR
PXQGR )LJXUD 
$PDLRUSDUWH  GDiUHDFHUWL
ILFDGDSHOR)6&QRPXQGRpGHIORUHVWDV
QDWXUDLV$VSODQWDo}HVIORUHVWDLVFRPSL
nus, eucalipto, entre outras, somam ape-
QDV  GHVVD iUHD FHUWLILFDGD HQTXDQ
to os sistemas consorciados de florestas
QDWXUDLVHSODQWDo}HVVRPDPTXDVH
)LJXUD 

Tabela 413DtVHVFRPDVPDLRUHViUHDVFHUWLILFDGDVSHOR)6&QRPXQGRHP
Área certificada % da área certificada % da área certificada
País
(milhões ha) no continente no mundo
&DQDGi   
5~VVLD   
(8$   
6XpFLD   
3RO{QLD   
Brasil   
%LHORUU~VVLD   
8UXJXDL   
Mundo 134,60 - 100%
)RQWH)6&,QWHUQDFLRQDO  'DGRVDWXDOL]DGRVDWp

82
 Figura 316LWXDomRIXQGLiULDHWLSRVGHIORUHVWDFHUWLILFDGDSHOR)6&QRPXQGR

Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

SRUiUHDFHUWLILFDGDJOREDOHP

)RQWH)6&,QWHUQDFLRQDO  'DGRVDWXDOL]DGRVDWp

FSC na Amazônia$Wp6HWHP 'HVVHWRWDOHUDPSURMHWRVGHPDQHMR

EURGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGDV
IORUHVWDV FHUWLILFDGDV QR %UDVLO  PL
OK}HV GH KHFWDUHV  HVWDYDP ORFDOL]DGDV
QD$PD]{QLD/HJDO 7DEHOD (UDP
HPSUHHQGLPHQWRVFHUWLILFDGRVQDUHJLmR
IORUHVWDOHPIORUHVWDVQDWXUDLVHHUDPGH
SODQWDo}HVIORUHVWDLVFRPSDULFi Schizolo-
bium amazonicum SLQXV Pinus sp. WHFD
Tectona grandis  H HXFDOLSWR Eucalyputs
sp.  7DEHODVHH)LJXUD 

Tabela 42ÉUHDVFHUWLILFDGDVSHOR)6&QR%UDVLOSRUWLSRGHHPSUHHQGLPHQWRHP
% das florestas
Área certificada Número de
Tipo de empreendimento certificadas no
(milhares de ha) empreendimentos
Brasil
Florestas na Amazônia
0DQHMR)ORUHVWDO(PSUHVDULDO   11
0DQHMR)ORUHVWDO&RPXQLWiULR   
3URGXWRV)ORUHVWDLV1mR
  
0DGHLUHLURV 3)10
3ODQWDo}HV)ORUHVWDLV   
Subtotal Amazônia Legal 3.402,2 55,0% 23
3ODQWDo}HVIRUDGD
  
Amazônia Legal2
Total florestas certificadas 6.186,7 100% 71
1
)RQWH)6&,QWHUQDFLRQDO  'DGRVDWXDOL]DGRVDWp
2
ÉUHDMiLQFOXLFHUWLILFDomRIORUHVWDOGH3)10 LQLFLDWLYDV TXHUHSUHVHQWDPFHUFDGHKHFWDUHV

83
 Tabela 43(PSUHHQGLPHQWRVFHUWLILFDGRVSHOR)6&QD$PD]{QLD/HJDOHP
Fatos Florestais da $0$=Ñ1,$ 2010

Ano de
Área certifi-
Nome da Empresa Município certifi-
cada (ha)
cação
$PDUFD²$VVRFLDomRGH0RUDGRUHVH$JUR
&DSL[DED $&  
H[WUDWLYLVWDVGR5HPDQVRGH&DSL[DED$FUH1
$PDWD6$8QLGDGH&DVWDQKDO2 &DVWDQKDO 3$ 2010 
6DQWDQD,WDXEDOGR3LULULP
$0&(/$PDSi)ORUHVWDOH&HOXORVH 3RUWR*UDQGH0DFDSi
 
/WGD2 )HUUHLUD*RPHVH7DUWDUXJDO
]LQKR $3
$VVRFLDomRGRV0RUDGRUHVH3URGXWRUHVGR
3URMHWR$JURH[WUDWLYLVWD&KLFR0HQGHV² ;DSXUL $& 2002 
$033$(&01
$VVRFLDomRGRV0RUDGRUHVH3URGXWRUHV
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preura1
$VVRFLDomRGRV3URGXWRUHVGR3URMHWRGH
$VVHQWDPHQWR$JURH[WUDWLYLVWDGR6HULQJDO ;DSXUL $&  
(TXDGRU²$663$(6(1
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