Ebs 2021

001~005 2021수특(영어독해)부속.
indd 1 2019-12-30 오후 4:33:52

이 책의 특징, 활용법 및 구성
이 책의 특징
본 교재는 2021학년도 대학수학능력시험을 준비하는 데 도움을 주고자 제작되었으며, 2015 개정 영어과
교육과정을 반영하였다. 특히 학생들의 읽기 능력 신장을 목적으로 하여 교과 내용을 토대로 더욱 다양하
고 참신한 주제·소재·분야의 글과 정보를 제시하였고, 교육과정상의 어휘 범주와 지문의 내용을 고려하여
제작되었다. 학교에서 영어Ⅰ, 영어Ⅱ 교과서를 바탕으로 영어독해의 기본 개념과 어휘를 철저히 익힌 후,
본 교재를 활용한 독해 훈련으로 실제 응용력을 키우면, 교육과정 성취 목표 도달과 함께 대학수학능력시
험 대비에 크게 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.
이 책의 효과적인 활용법 ( )
본 교재를 효과적으로 활용하여 독해 능력을 향상하고 수능 영어 읽기 영역에 완벽하게 대비하기 위해서
학업 성취 기간을 정하여 ‘이 책의 차례’에 제시된 학습 내용을 차근차근 공부하되 다음과 같은 사항에 유의
하도록 하자.
능동적이고 적극적인 학습 자세
수동적이고 소극적으로 강의를 듣기만 할 것이 아니라 강의하는 선생님과 토론하고 대화한다는 자세로 임하는 것
이 중요하다. 이와 같은 자세는 핵심적인 부분의 이해와 학습 내용의 기억에 도움이 된다. 또한 중요한 사항을 교재
여백에 메모하여 강의를 듣는 것이 좋다. 이것은 학습 내용의 심층적인 이해와 효율적인 복습을 위해 꼭 필요하다.
예·복습과 정리를 통한 내재화

영어 학습은 유의미한 내재화가 중요하다. 따라서 학습 내용을 미리 예습하고 여러 번 복습하면서 주요 어휘와 문
장 구조를 파악하고 글의 내용을 자신이 이미 알고 있는 지식과 연관하여 문제 풀이에 접목할 수 있어야 한다.
학생 모르는 문제, 찍어서 해설 강의 수강 교사 교재 문항을 한글(HWP)문서로 저장

[ 20006-0001 ] [ 20006-0001 ]
1. 윗글에 대해 이해한 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은? 1. 윗글에 대해 이해한 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은? EBS 교재 문항을 한글(HWP)파일로
다운로드하여 이용할 수 있습니다
100 100
80 80
[ 20006-0001 ]
60 60
1. 윗글에 대해 이해한 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은?
40 40
20 100 20 수학 영역
0 80 0
60
40
1 20
0
# 스마트폰 문제 촬영 1
2 찰칵! # 인공지능 단추 푸리봇 연결 2
1
다운로드
3 2 # 해설 강의 수강 3
3
4 4
4
※ EBSi 고교강의 앱 설치 후 이용하실 수 있습니다.

※ EBSi 홈페이지 및 앱 검색창에서 문항코드 입력으로도 확인이 가능합니다. ※ 교사지원센터(http://teacher.ebsi.co.kr) 접속 후 ‘교사 인증’을 통해 이용 가능
책1.indb 2 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:07

Week
1 01 강
Week
1 01 강
Exercise 3 빈칸 추론
Exercise 3
▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
빈칸 추론 [20006-0003]

Vocabulary knowledge extends beyond the local meaning of a sentence or paragraph; [20006-0003]
it provides insight into how the text works more broadly. The craft and structure of a text
이understood
책의 구성
is Vocabulary in part by being mindful of thethe choices the writer
knowledge extends beyond local meaning of amakes in word
sentence selection.
or paragraph;
Students are challenged to view the text
it provides insight into how the text works more broadly. The craft and structure of a text as a whole in order to understand the perspectives
of the writer, as in a historical document, 1. 틀리기 쉬운concepts
or the 유형편 related
및 MiniinTest
a scientific article or
01is강 understood in part by being mindful of the choices the writer makes in word selection.
Week
1
technicalare
Students reading.
challenged Writers to viewestablish the01~12강 mood
text as aand tone by the artful
: 수능 읽기 영역에서 학습자들이the틀리기
whole in order to selection
understand ofperspectives
words쉬운and 10가지 유형을 집중
phrases
of
Exercise the and link
3 writer, as in them to rhetorical
a historical document, purposes, or especially
the concepts inrelated
history.inFor
a instance, article
scientific consideror 참신한 소재와
빈칸 추론
학습할 수 있도록 강과 문항을 유형별로 구성하였다. 다양하고
the use of reading.
technical
▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? the wordWriters their in establish the first sentence mood and of the
toneDeclaration
by the artfulof Independence: “We hold
selection of words and
주제의 지문을 통해 어려운 유형을 집중적으로 학습하여 해당 유형에 대한 문제
[20006-0003]
these
phrases truthsandto
Vocabulary knowledge linkbebeyond
extends
self-evident,
them tomeaning
the local
that allormen
rhetorical
of a sentence purposes,
paragraph;
are created equal,
especially that theyFor
in history. are instance,
endowed,consider
by their
Creator with certain inalienable Rights, 해결력을 of a text 높일 수 있도록 하였다.
that among
of thethese are Life,ofLiberty, and the pursuit of
it provides insight into how the text works more broadly. The craft and structure
the
is usein of
understood the
part by beingword
mindful oftheir
the choices inthe the firstin word
writer makes sentence
selection. Declaration Independence: “We hold
Happiness.” Their, not the. One word subtly
Students are challenged to view the text as a whole in order to understand the perspectives
these
of the writer,truths to be
as in a historical self-evident,
document, or the concepts relatedthat all men
in a scientific
shifts the meaning to acknowledge the
are created equal, that they are endowed, by their
article or
existence
of
phrases more than
and link with
them onepurposes,
certain
to rhetorical belief
inalienable system.
technical reading. Writers establish mood and tone by the artful selection of words and
Creator especially in history.Rights,
For instance, that
consider among these are canLife,
profoundly
Liberty,affect
and thethepursuit
analysisof
the use of the word their in the first sentence of the Declaration of Independence:
and interpretation of a reading. Mini“WeTest hold 1~3회 : Mini Test 3회분으로 구성되어 있으며, 2021학년도 대학수
Happiness.”
Week
these
7 Mini Their,
truths to be self-evident, not
that all men the.
are created One
equal, word
that they subtly
are endowed, by their shifts the meaning to acknowledge the existence
Creator Test
with certain 1 Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and
inalienable the pursuit of
학능력시험 문제로 출제될 가능성이 있는affect
모든 유형을 포함하였다. 1강에서 12
of more
Happiness.” Their, than one
not the. One
of more than one belief system.
belief
word subtly shifts thesystem.
meaning to acknowledge the existence
can profoundly affect the analysis
can
*rhetorical profoundly
수사적 the빼앗을
효과를 노린 **inalienable analysis
수 없는
01and
and interpretation
글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? of a reading.
interpretation of a reading.
다음
강까지를 모두 학습한 후 자신의 실력을 최종적으로 간단히 점검할 수 있다.
*rhetorical 수사적 효과를 노린 **inalienable 빼앗을 수 없는
[20006-0153]

① A critic’s
Dear parents,
opinions and② Seemingly
① A critic’s opinions and biases biasessmall word choices ② Seemingly small word choices
③ A student’s cultural background ④ An accurate knowledge of history
③ A student’s cultural background
As you gather to meet your child’s teacher at parent-teacher conferences,
⑤ The level of grammatical accuracy
we would like to take this opportunity to tell you that we are looking for your
④ An accurate knowledge of history
feedback as we initiate small counseling groups for your children. Group
⑤
①AThe level opinions
critic’s of grammatical accuracy
and biases
counseling can be helpful for all students. Each of our groups promises to ② Seemingly small word choices
Sentence Structure
incorporate social skill development, healthy communication skills, peer support,
③ A student’s cultural background
Students areand self-awareness.
challenged
historical document],
Please
to view the text
or [thetoconcepts
as a check
whole inoff
related {in
as many
order
a scientific
of the [the
to understand
article oron
areas
technical
below that
perspectives
reading}].
you
of the think
writer, as in a ④ An accurate knowledge of history
may pertain your child’s needs. Depending the results of this survey, we
「in order to will
~」는 ‘~하기
related를 수식한다.
begin위해서’라는 뜻이다. or
to organize 로 연결된
small [ ]는 understand
두 개의 specific
groups 의 목적어
to these
2. Sentence Structure
한다. { }note
역할을Please
topics.
checking off these boxes does not guarantee or obligate your child to participate
는 the that
concepts
Sentence Structure
Word Search
in any future group counseling interventions. If you have any questions about
these topics, please feel free to contact us.
주어진 뜻풀이에 해당하는 영어 단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. 각 지문 중에서, 어법상 중요하거나 글의 내용 파악에 핵심이 되는 문장을 발췌
1. cStudents : are challenged
an activity
Sincerely, toat view
involving a special skill the
making things withtext as a whole in order to understand [the perspectives of the writer, as in a
your hands
2. d : anSanders,
Debbie official paper
3. phistorical: andocument],
that gives
School 하여 {in 철저한
information about something or that is used as proof of something
Counselor
to find, achieve,or [the concepts related 분석과
a scientific article구문 설명을 reading}].
or technical 제시함으로써 지문에 대한 정확한 이해를 돕고
Sentenceattempt Structure or get something
8
「in order
① 학부모회 to 회의~ 」는
일정을‘~하기 공지하려고 위해서’라는 뜻이다. or로 자 연결된했다. 두 개의 [ ] 는 understand 의 목적어 역할을 한다. { }는 the concepts
Students are 강좌를 홍보하려고 to view the text as a whole in order to understand [the perspectives of the writer, as in a
challenged
EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습
② 학부모 대상 상담
related 를 수식한다.
historical document], or [the concepts related {in a scientific article or technical reading}].
③ 집단 상담 참여 절차와 유의점을 안내하려고
④ 온라인 상담 프로그램에 대한 평가를 요청하려고
「in order to ~」는 ‘~하기 위해서’라는 뜻이다. or로 연결된 두 개의 [ ]는 understand의 목적어 역할을 한다. { }는 the concepts
⑤ 집단 상담 운영을 위한 설문 조사 참여를 부탁하려고
Word 를
related Search
수식한다.
3. Word Search
주어진 뜻풀이에 해당하는 영어 단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오.
1. cWord Search : an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands
2. 주어진
d : an영어
뜻풀이에 해당하는 official
단어를 paper
본문에서that 찾아지문에서
gives 알아두어야
information
쓰시오. 할 어휘의
about something 영영사전
or that 뜻풀이를
is used as proof of 제시하고
something 주어진 뜻풀이에
3.
1. p
c :: an
an attempt to find, achieve,
activity involving 해당하는 or get
a special skillsomething
영어 단어를
at making 지문에서
things 찾아
with your 빈칸에 직접 써보게 함으로써 어휘의 뜻을
hands
1502. dEBS 수능특강 영어독해연습 : an official paper that gives
정확히 information
파악할 about something
수 있도록 하였다. or that is used as proof of something
83.EBS
p 수능특강 영어독해연습
: an attempt to find, achieve, or get something
8 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습
4. 정답과 해설
정답과 해설
1
[정답]-[소재]-[해석]-[문제해설]-[구조분석]-[어휘 및 어구]-[Tips]의 순서로
01
Week
본문 6~17쪽 어휘 및 어구
1② 2④ 3② 4④ 5③ 6②
establish 규명하다
origin 기원
구성되어 있다. 먼저 각 문항의 소재를 제시하여 글의 전반적인 내용에 대한 이해
7⑤ 8③ 9② 10 ① 11 ③ 12 ① exchange 대화
foster 촉진하다, 발전시키다
bond 유대, 인연
를 유도하고자 하였고, 이어서 정확한 해석과 함께, 정답에 이르는 과정을 상세하
Exercise 1 정답 ② capacity 능력
소 재
conceptual 개념적인 게 해설하여 자기주도 학습이 가능하도록 하였다. 그리고 구조분석과 어휘 및 어
convey 전달하다
음악의 기능
해 석
retain 유지하다
significance 중요성
구를 통해 정확하고 핵심적인 구문 이해에 도움이 되도록 구성하였으며, Tips에서
인간의 음악의 기원을 확실하게 규명하는 것은 절대 가능하지 않겠 cement 강화하다
지만, 음악은 엄마와 아기 사이의 유대를 촉진하는 그들 사이의 운
율적 대화에서 생겨났을 것으로 보인다. 이로부터 그것은 어른이 된
accustomed to ~에 익숙한
liable to ~하기 쉬운
는 지문 내용에 대한 배경 지식과 부가적 정보를 제공하였다.
인간 사이의 의사소통의 한 형태가 되었다. 말과 개념적 사고를 할 predominantly 대개, 대부분
수 있는 능력이 발달함에 따라 음악은 정보를 전달하는 방법으로 덜 communal 공동의
중요해졌지만, 개인 간의, 특히 집단적인 상황에서 감정을 전하고 유 ritual 의식
대 관계를 강화하는 방법으로서 그것의 중요성을 유지했다. 오늘날 warfare 전쟁
우리는 음악에 대한 개인의 반응을 고려하는 데 너무나 익숙해서 대 accompaniment 수반되는 것
부분의 음악의 역사에서 음악이 대개 집단적인 활동이었음을 잊기 collective 집단적인
쉽다. 음악은 공동의 목적에 이바지함으로써 시작되었고, 종교 의식 ceremony 의식
과 전쟁이 그것의 두 가지 사례이다. 음악은 집단적인 활동에 수반 occasion 행사
되는 것으로, 즉 사회적 의식과 공적인 행사의 부속물로 계속 이용 Word Search
되었다. 정답 1. origin 2. exchange 3. bond
문제해설
음악은 종교 의식과 전쟁과 같은 공동의 목적에 이바지함으로
써 시작되었고 집단적인 활동에 수반되는 것으로 계속 이용되
었다는 내용으로 보아, 빈칸에는 ② ‘집단적인 활동’이 가장 적 Exercise 2 정답 ④
절하다.
① 교구 소 재
③ 전통적인 예술 교사의 불완전함
④ 혼자서 하는 소일거리
해 석
⑤ 이야기 전달 방법
학생들이 우리가 가르치려고 애쓰는 모든 것을 배운다고 믿고 싶은
구조분석 만큼이나 우리는 자신이 교사로서 완벽하지 않다는 것을 인정해야
4행 As the capacity for speech and conceptual thought 한다. 사실 우리의 불완전함을 인식하는 것이 다양한 학생들을 가르
developed, music became less important as a way of 치는 위대한 교사를 겨우 그만그만한 교사와 구별하는 한 가지 특
conveying information, but retained its significance 징이라고 한다. 교사로서 실수할 수 있고 그 결함으로부터 회복하기
책1.indb 3 as a way of [communicating feelings] and [cementing 위해 끊임없이 노력할 수 있다는 것을 인식하는 것이 중요하다. 만 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:08
bonds] between individuals , especially in group 약 학생들과 (어떤 단원 학습) 이전과 이후에 학생이 지닌 개념도 작
이 책의 차례
틀리기 쉬운 유형편
학업 성취
유 형 강 제 목 페이지
9주 계획
01 6
Week
1
02 18
논리적 관계 파악 빈칸 추론
추론적 이해 함축 의미 추론
03 30
Week
2
04 42
05 54
Week
3
06 어법 66
문법 및 간접 쓰기 무관한 문장
통합적 이해 글의 순서
07 1지문 2문항 78
Week
4
08 90
09 102
Week
5
10 어휘 114
어휘 및 간접 쓰기 문장 삽입
통합적 이해 요약문 완성
11 1지문 3문항 126
Week
6
12 138
책1.indb 4 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:08

Mini Test
학업 성취
제 목 문 항 페이지
9주 계획
Week 수능 독해 실전모의고사
7 Mini Test 1
(01~28)
150
8 Mini Test 2
(01~28)
176
9 Mini Test 3
(01~28)
202
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책1.indb 5 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:08

01
Week
1 강

[20006-0001]
It will never be possible to establish the origins of human music with any certainty;
however, it seems probable that music developed from the prosodic exchanges between
mother and infant which foster the bond between them. From this, it became a form of
communication between adult human beings. As the capacity for speech and conceptual
thought developed, music became less important as a way of conveying information, but
retained its significance as a way of communicating feelings and cementing bonds between
individuals, especially in group situations. Today, we are so accustomed to considering the
response of the individual to music that we are liable to forget that, for most of its history,
music has been predominantly a . Music began by serving communal
purposes, of which religious ritual and warfare are two examples. It has continued to be used
as an accompaniment to collective activities; as an adjunct to social ceremonies and public
occasions.
*prosodic 운율적인 **adjunct 부속물, 부가물
① teaching tool ② group activity

③ traditional art ④ solitary pastime
⑤ storytelling device
Sentence Structure
It will never be possible [to establish the origins of human music with any certainty]; however, it seems probable
[that music developed from the prosodic exchanges between mother and infant {which foster the bond between
them}].
It은 형식상의 주어이고 첫 번째 [ ]가 내용상의 주어이다. it 또한 형식상의 주어이고 두 번째 [ ]가 내용상의 주어이다. { }는 the
prosodic exchanges between mother and infant를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. o : the point or place where something begins or is created

2. e : an occurrence in which people talk to each other for a short time
3. b : ‌something that forms a connection between people or groups, such as a feeling of friendship
or shared ideas and experiences
책1.indb 6 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:08

정답과 해설 2쪽

[20006-0002]
As much as we want to believe that students learn everything we try to teach, we must
admit that we aren’t perfect as teachers. In fact, recognizing our fallibility is said to be one
characteristic that separates great teachers of diverse students from those teachers who are
just adequate. Recognizing that you can make mistakes as a teacher and constantly strive to
recover from those failings is significant. If you use preconcept and postconcept mapping
exercises with your students and you discover that some of the gaps appearing at the
beginning persisted until the end, then you have a couple of ways of responding. One thought
that too many teachers invoke is that the kids were lazy and didn’t care. But for teachers who
are able to accept their potential fallibility, the disappointment about the results translates
into . As odd as this may sound, when you suspect that you have the
potential to enhance your teaching, assessment results can help clear up any confusion about
where you might begin to make changes.
*fallibility 불완전함, 실수할 수 있음 **invoke (생각 등을) 불러내다
① refraining from making new attempts

② being indifferent to previous mistakes
③ deeply felt depression in the classroom
④ clearly identified areas for improvement
⑤ the responsibility of learners for their own learning
Sentence Structure
As odd as this may sound, when you suspect [that you have the potential to enhance your teaching], assessment
results can help clear up any confusion about [where you might begin to make changes].
As odd as this may sound는 양보의 부사절로 Though this may sound odd와 같은 뜻이다. 첫 번째 [ ]는 suspect의 목적어 역
할을 하고, 두 번째 [ ]는 about의 목적어 역할을 한다.
Word Search
1. a : of a quality that is acceptable but not better than acceptable

2. s : to try very hard to do or achieve something
3. e : to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of somebody or something
01강 7
책1.indb 7 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

Week
1 01 강

[20006-0003]
Vocabulary knowledge extends beyond the local meaning of a sentence or paragraph;

it provides insight into how the text works more broadly. The craft and structure of a text
is understood in part by being mindful of the choices the writer makes in word selection.
Students are challenged to view the text as a whole in order to understand the perspectives
of the writer, as in a historical document, or the concepts related in a scientific article or
technical reading. Writers establish mood and tone by the artful selection of words and
phrases and link them to rhetorical purposes, especially in history. For instance, consider
the use of the word their in the first sentence of the Declaration of Independence: “We hold
these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their
Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of
Happiness.” Their, not the. One word subtly shifts the meaning to acknowledge the existence
of more than one belief system. can profoundly affect the analysis
and interpretation of a reading.
① A critic’s opinions and biases ② Seemingly small word choices

③ A student’s cultural background ④ An accurate knowledge of history
Sentence Structure
tudents are challenged to view the text as a whole in order to understand [the perspectives of the writer, as in a
S
historical document], or [the concepts related {in a scientific article or technical reading}].
「in order to ~」는 ‘~하기 위해서’라는 뜻이다. or로 연결된 두 개의 [ ]는 understand의 목적어 역할을 한다. { }는 the concepts
related를 수식한다.
Word Search
1. c : an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands

2. d : an official paper that gives information about something or that is used as proof of something
3. p : an attempt to find, achieve, or get something
책1.indb 8 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09


[20006-0004]
Ethics itself is not primarily concerned with the description of the moral systems
of different societies. That task, which remains on the level of description, is one for
anthropology or sociology. In contrast, ethics deals with the justification of moral
principles (or with the impossibility of such a justification). Nevertheless, ethics must
take note of the variations in moral systems, because it has often been claimed that this
variety shows that morality is simply a matter of what is customary and that it thus is
. According to this view, no moral principle can be
valid except in the societies in which it is held. Words such as good and bad just mean, it is
claimed, “approved in my society” or “disapproved in my society,” and so to search for an
objective, or rationally justifiable, ethics is to search for what is, in fact, an illusion.
① primarily based on human ideals

② potentially biased towards negativity
③ totally independent of religious rules
④ always relative to particular societies
⑤ as objective as mathematics or physics
Sentence Structure
ords such as good and bad just mean, it is claimed, “approved in my society” or “disapproved in my society,”
W
and so [to search for an objective, or rationally justifiable, ethics] is [to search for what is, in fact, an illusion].
it is claimed는 삽입절이다. 첫 번째 [ ]와 두 번째 [ ]는 and so 이후에서 각각 주어와 보어 역할을 한다.
Word Search
1. d : the act of writing or saying in words what somebody or something is like

2. v : a change in the form, position, condition, or amount of something
3. i : something that is false or not real but that seems to be true or real
01강 9
책1.indb 9 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

Week
1 01 강

[20006-0005]
The destructiveness of idealized social media presentation is twofold. When people read the
glowing status updates of others, they are likely to feel worse about their own flawed lives,
especially if they are the type of people who tend to judge their self-worth in comparison
to others. In addition, when people put forth a version of themselves that is not genuine,
they can actually feel bad about themselves. In one study, some college students had to
pretend to understand made-up words (e.g., besionary) to complete a test, while others did
not. Afterward, both groups were praised for their performance. The praise raised the self-
esteem of those who did not have to fake understanding of nonwords, but lowered the self-
esteem of the students who pretended to understand them. In other words, when people
on social media, all of the “likes” they get for their
status updates and pictures may actually make them feel worse about themselves.
① are addicted to spending too much time

② try to be a positive influence on everyone
③ portray their life as better than it actually is
④ feel like they have a voice for their generation
⑤ reveal their private lives and personal thoughts
Sentence Structure
he praise raised the self-esteem of those [who did not have to fake understanding of nonwords], but lowered the
T
self-esteem of the students [who pretended to understand them].
첫 번째 [ ]는 those를 수식하는 관계절이고 those는 ‘사람들’이라는 뜻이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 the students를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. p : the act of showing something to someone so that it can be seen or considered

2. f : having a mistake, fault, or weakness
3. g : actual, real, or true, rather than pretended or false
책1.indb 10 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

Exercise 6 함축 의미 추론
▶ 밑줄 친 Every no sparks a corresponding yes가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0006]
A quality of the human brain is known as induction, how something positive generates a
contrasting negative image in our mind. This is most obvious in our visual system. When
we see some color — red or black, for instance — it tends to intensify our perception of the
opposite color around us, in this case, green or white. As we look at the red object, we often
can see a green halo forming around it. In general, the mind operates by contrasts. We are
able to formulate concepts about something by becoming aware of its opposite. The brain is
continually dredging up these contrasts. What this means is that whenever we see or imagine
something, our minds cannot help but see or imagine the opposite. If we are forbidden by our
culture to think a particular thought or entertain a particular desire, that taboo instantly brings
to mind the very thing we are forbidden. Every no sparks a corresponding yes. We cannot
control this vacillation in the mind between contrasts. This predisposes us to think about and
then desire exactly what we do not have.
*halo 후광 **dredge up ~을 떠올리다 ***vacillation 동요, 흔들림
① To improve your life, you must learn to say no politely.

② If anything is banned, we become anxious and eager for it.
③ We are often attracted to people with opposite personalities.
④ Most of us obey the law because we fear social punishment.
⑤ Reason-giving is effective to turn disagreement to agreement.
Sentence Structure
I f we are forbidden by our culture to [think a particular thought] or [entertain a particular desire], that taboo
instantly brings to mind the very thing [we are forbidden].
or로 연결된 첫 번째와 두 번째 [ ]는 to에 이어진다. 세 번째 [ ]는 the very thing을 수식하는 관계절로 목적격 관계대명사가 생략되었다.
Word Search
1. g : to produce or create something

2. e : to have a thought, idea, etc. in your mind
3. c : matching or connected to something you have just mentioned
01강 11
책1.indb 11 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

Week
1 01 강

[20006-0007]
The bottlenose dolphin is second only to humans in the ratio of brain size to body size, and
dolphins apparently outdo humans in some cooperative games. The discussions of cartels and
the prisoner’s dilemma convey the value and difficulty of cooperation among players when
there is an incentive to cheat. Individual cartel members undermine cooperative strategies
by selling more than they should, hoping nobody will notice. Firms that can’t cooperate on
pricing or environmental strategies end up taking actions with inferior outcomes. Dolphins
face similar dilemmas. When eating from a school of fish, dolphins encircle the fish and take
turns eating, one dolphin at a time. There is an incentive for the circling dolphins to cheat by
eating while on duty. However, if a significant number of dolphins followed that incentive,
the fish would disperse and the benefits from coordination would be lost. In reality, the
of on-duty dolphins prevails to benefit all of dolphin society.
*cartel 카르텔, 연합
① strength
② generosity
③ prediction
④ motivation
⑤ trustworthiness
Sentence Structure
I ndividual cartel members undermine cooperative strategies by selling more than they should, [hoping {nobody
will notice}].
by selling에서 「by -ing」는 ‘~함으로써’라는 뜻이며, should 다음에는 sell이 생략되어 있다. [ ]는 분사구문으로 의미상의 주어는
Individual cartel members이고, { }는 hoping의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다.
Word Search
1. u : to weaken or ruin by degrees

2. c : to communicate ideas or feelings indirectly
3. o : to be better than someone else at doing something
책1.indb 12 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09


[20006-0008]
As my colleague Richard Gregory has argued, illusions like the missing-square pattern
reveal that the mind is not lazy. Our minds are actively trying to make sense of the world
by thinking of the best explanation. For example, if someone took a handful of coffee beans
and scattered them across a table in front of you, you would immediately see patterns. Some
beans would instantly cluster together into groups as you simply looked at the array. Have
you ever watched the clouds on a summer’s day turn into faces and animals? You can’t stop
yourself because your mind has evolved . The ease with which we see
faces in particular has led to the idea that we are inclined to see supernatural characters at the
drop of a hat. Each year some bagel, muffin, burnt toast, potato chip, or even ultrasound of a
fetus showing the face of some deity is paraded as evidence for divine miracles.
*fetus 태아 **deity 신 ***parade 과시하다, 뽐내며 보여주다
① to meet changing needs

② to respond to outer signals
③ to organize and see structure
④ to keep up with improvements
⑤ to consider and reflect new changes
Sentence Structure
he ease [with which we see faces in particular] has led to the idea [that we are inclined to see supernatural
T
characters at the drop of a hat].
첫 번째 [ ]는 The ease를 수식하는 관계절이고 두 번째 [ ]는 the idea와 동격을 이루는 명사절이다.
Word Search
1. i : having a tendency, preference, or disposition

2. s : to throw or drop things so that they spread over an area
3. a : an arrangement of numbers and symbols organized in rows and columns
01강 13
책1.indb 13 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

Week
1 01 강

[20006-0009]
As the ancient skeptics taught, contentment is possible without the need to cling to
comforting beliefs. As proof, we have the example of David Hume, who lived an entirely
admirable life without any belief in the supernatural. His personal example shows that nobody
need feel gloomy because life has no ultimate purpose, or because conventional conceptions
of moral responsibility are built on foundations of sand. So what if our fine feelings and
intellectual achievements are just the stretching and turning of so many springs or wheels,
or our value systems are mirrored by those of chimpanzees and baboons. Our feelings are
no less fine, and our values no less precious because the stories we have traditionally told
ourselves about why we hold them turn out to be fables. In the metaphysical
baggage with which the human race bolstered its youthful sense of self-importance, Hume
taught us that we throw away nothing but a set of intellectual chains.
*metaphysical 형이상학적인 **bolster 지지하다, 강화하다
① analyzing
② discarding
③ embracing
④ identifying
⑤ investigating
Sentence Structure
ur feelings are no less fine, and [our values no less precious] because the stories [we have traditionally told
O
ourselves about {why we hold them}] turn out to be fables.
첫 번째 [ ] 안의 our values 다음에 are가 생략되었다. because는 앞의 부정어 no와 함께 쓰여 ‘~한다고 해서 (…아니다)’의 의미이다.
두 번째 [ ]는 the stories를 수식하는 관계절이고 { }는 전치사 about의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이며 「turn out to be ~」는 ‘~인
것으로 판명되다’라는 의미이다.
Word Search
1. u : most important, highest, last, or final

2. s : a person who doubts the truth or value of an idea or belief
3. f : a story or statement that is not true
책1.indb 14 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09


[20006-0010]
The history of science and human invention is full of examples of important advances
resulting from . One such process began in 1820 when a Dane, H. C.
Oersted, discovered that a wire carrying an electric current was surrounded by a magnetic
field. In 1825 an Englishman, W. Sturgeon, wound a live wire around an iron bar and created
an electromagnet. In 1859 a German pianist and scientist, H. von Helmholtz, discovered he
could make piano strings vibrate by singing to them. Later a Frenchman, L. Scott, attached a
thin stick to a membrane. When he spoke to the membrane, the other end of the stick would
trace a record of his voice sounds on a piece of smoked glass. In 1874 a Scotsman from
Canada, working in Cambridge, Massachusetts, put these scattered and diverse elements into
one instrument. The instrument was the telephone and the man was Alexander Graham Bell.
*membrane 얇은 막
① synthesizing previously fragmented ideas

② breaking existing customs and stereotypes
③ organizing highly-trained people for research
④ designing a project to overcome the challenges
⑤ collaborating with leading research organizations
Sentence Structure
ne such process began in 1820 [when a Dane, H. C. Oersted, discovered {that a wire carrying an electric
O
current was surrounded by a magnetic field}].
[ ]는 1820를 수식하는 관계절이고, { }는 discovered의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이며, carrying an electric current는 a wire
를 수식하는 분사구이다.
Word Search
1. v : to shake very quickly with small movements
2. s : to be all around or on all sides of someone or something
3. s : ‌one of several long pieces of nylon, wire, or another substance stretched across a musical
instrument
01강 15
책1.indb 15 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

Week
1 01 강

[20006-0011]
There have been vigorous arguments among biologists about whether complicated goal-
directed behaviour among higher mammals is reliable evidence for their consciousness.
Indeed the admission of consciousness into animal research is quite a recent phenomenon.
Injury-avoidance behaviour is often based on reflexes, and it is not completely obvious that
the inner sensation of pain must be attached to it. Even in our own case pain is often felt only
after the limb has been moved away. Again, many birds build sophisticated nests entirely
instinctively, and may or may not be conscious of what they are doing. At the other end of the
animal kingdom octopuses and squid have entirely different brain anatomies from ourselves
and our common ancestor probably had no brains at all. Nevertheless they are capable of
learning and memorizing facts for months. If they are to be included in the realm of conscious
beings, this indicates that consciousness .
*anatomy 해부학적 구조, 해부학
① is not merely a matter of attention or activation

② requires the integration of a large amount of information
③ does not depend upon a particular type of brain anatomy
④ is characterized by a specific information-processing mode
⑤ has a functional role in distinguishing psychological processes
Sentence Structure
I njury-avoidance behaviour is often based on reflexes, and it is not completely obvious [that the inner sensation
of pain must be attached to it].
첫 번째 it은 형식상의 주어이고 [ ]가 내용상의 주어이다. not completely는 부분부정을 나타내어 ‘완전히 ~이지는 않다’의 의미이다.
Word Search
1. p : an event or situation that can be seen to happen or exist

2. s : (of a machine, system, or technique) developed to a high degree of complexity
3. r : an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought
책1.indb 16 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10

▶ 밑줄 친 the sky is truly the limit in regard to music이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
[20006-0012]
The cultural area is where the sky is truly the limit in regard to music. There are countless
examples. Music is a wonderful avenue to introduce cultures from around the world. The
many recordings depicting the traditional music of each culture are readily available for
teachers to add to their collection. Also, musical recordings of the various instruments from
countries around the world provide children with an auditory and visual representation
of culture. It is important to include an equitable balance of multicultural materials in the
classroom to ensure that each child’s heritage is represented and all children are exposed to
the heritage of other cultures. Today the holistic classroom method draws and builds upon
what the child already knows, engaging the child — since one learns best when passion and
interaction are at play — and also addressing the needs of the whole child. Learning begins
with the “whole,” progresses through to analysis of the parts, and finishes full circle with the
“whole” picture.
① There are a lot of diverse materials used for music lessons.

② Creativity and innovation in music are without boundaries.
③ Music is divided into different genres in many different ways.
④ The levels to which music training and therapy can rise are limitless.
⑤ Various types of music are available for all ages to identify with and enjoy.
Sentence Structure
oday the holistic classroom method draws and builds upon [what the child already knows], [engaging the child
T
— {since one learns best when passion and interaction are at play} — and also addressing the needs of the whole
child].
첫 번째 [ ]는 upon의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 분사구문으로 engaging ~과 addressing ~이 병렬로 연결되어
있고, { }는 이유의 부사절이다.
Word Search
1. p : a strong feeling of enthusiasm or excitement for something or about doing something

2. h : something transmitted by or acquired from one generation to another
3. d : to represent or show by a drawing, painting, or other art form
01강 17
책1.indb 17 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10

02
Week
1 강

[20006-0013]
Your comfort zone is like an invisible barrier around you, inside which if you stay, you feel
comfortable. Your comfort zone and your confidence are linked together. Step outside it and
you feel uncomfortable and fearful. However, your comfort zone is not . If you
constantly stay within your comfort zone it shrinks, filling you with fear of what is outside it,
and then your confidence reduces. If you step outside your comfort zone, and do something
you are fearful or nervous about doing, then your comfort zone expands and your confidence
increases. Try something new to expand your comfort zone and increase your confidence.
Trying something new reduces your limitations and you’ll live your life with fewer barriers.
① safe
② fixed
③ flexible
④ efficient
⑤ comforting
Sentence Structure
[ If you step outside your comfort zone, and do something you are fearful or nervous about doing], then [your
comfort zone expands and your confidence increases].
첫 번째 [ ]는 If가 이끄는 부사절로 ‘조건’의 의미를 나타낸다. 첫 번째 [ ] 안의 step ~과 do ~는 주어 you에 공통으로 연결된다. 두 번째
[ ] 안에는 두 개의 절이 and에 의해 연결되어 있다.
Word Search
1. i : unable to be seen
2. b : a fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access
3. s : to become or make smaller in size or amount
책1.indb 18 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10


[20006-0014]
Given our unique life-scripted beliefs about how things should be: our expectations —
differences in preferences, attitudes, and beliefs are inevitable, and not all of them need to be
resolved. Many, in fact, add the spice to relationships. But sometimes you cannot just agree to
disagree. Some issues impact each of you and perhaps others (your children or coworkers) in
ways that require a clear, unambiguous resolution. You and your partner may need to decide
where you will live and whether to rent or purchase a home. A decision must be made, or you
may find yourselves living in the backseat of your car. Often you can’t have things both ways,
so a choice must be made. For example, you can’t practically visit your mother in Florida and
your father in Connecticut on Thanksgiving Day. So as we traverse
the ups and downs of daily life is not just a useful tool; it is absolutely necessary for the kinds
of successful relationships and outcomes we most desire.
*traverse 가로지르다, 횡단하다
① abandoning a plan
② delaying a decision
③ coping with conflicts
④ justifying our mistakes
⑤ ignoring others’ opinions
Sentence Structure
You and your partner may need to decide [where you will live] and [whether to rent or purchase a home].
두 개의 [ ]는 decide의 목적어이다. 「whether ~ or ...」는 ‘~할지 아니면 …할지’를 의미한다.
Word Search
1. i : certain to happen and impossible to avoid

2. r : to regularly pay money to live in a house or room that belongs to someone else
3. o : the way a thing turns out; a consequence
02강 19
책1.indb 19 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10

Week
1 02 강

[20006-0015]
The personal computer has done more to alter work methods and procedures than any other
innovation of the past several decades. Computers have replaced typewriters and other office
machines almost completely, and they have dramatically changed the way many jobs are
performed. Unfortunately, the computers — and tablets and smart phones and other electronic
devices — have also opened wide a door to a variety of time-wasting personal uses including
games and nonbusiness e-mail (personal correspondence, jokes, inspirational messages,
anecdotes, etc.). It is not unreasonable to conclude that much of the efficiency gained through
the use of such devices . The personal computer
may well be the most useful and versatile tool ever to come into common organizational use,
but by many who spend hours at keyboard and screen the computer is treated more as a toy
than a tool.
① is linked to better work results

② is cancelled out by their misuse
③ undermines your passion for work
④ facilitates effective workplace culture
⑤ is re-evaluated by their commercial value
Sentence Structure
he personal computer may well be the most useful and versatile tool ever [to come into common organizational
T
use], but [by many who spend hours at keyboard and screen] the computer is treated more as a toy than a tool.
첫 번째 [ ]는 the most useful and versatile tool ever를 수식하며, ever는 최상급 뒤에서 ‘지금까지’라는 뜻으로 쓰였다. 두 번째
[ ]는 수동태 문장에서 행위자를 나타낸 부분이다.
Word Search
1. c : written communication
2. u : not based on good judgement
3. v : able to be used in many ways
책1.indb 20 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10


[20006-0016]
In the circumstances of entertainment and aesthetic engagement, overt manifestations

of the perception-action cycle . Watching films
and television, looking at paintings or sculptures in a gallery, and listening to music in a
concert hall deliberately place perceivers in a relationship with the objects of perception
that prevents them from acting upon or exploring those objects in an unhindered fashion.
Many of the reactions that people have to these special circumstances (reaching out to touch
a sculpture; foot- and finger-tapping in response to music) are a residue of the more usual
relationship between perception and action, as are the specific conventions that regulate
these reactions (“Please do not touch” signs at exhibitions, socially enforced silence and
immobility at concerts, applause at regulated moments). The interruption or suspension of the
perception-action cycle that characterizes some forms of aesthetic engagement is, of course,
culturally specific; it is at its most extreme in some of the “high” art forms of the West and in
circumstances in which formal ceremony and aesthetics interact.
*overt 명시적인, 명백한 **residue 잔여물, 유산
① may create other reactions ② need to be intensified by artists

③ can imitate or clone themselves ④ are often blocked or transformed
⑤ are rarely criticized or challenged
Sentence Structure
[ Watching films and television], [looking at paintings or sculptures in a gallery], and [listening to music in a
concert hall] deliberately place perceivers in a relationship with the objects of perception [that prevents them from
acting upon or exploring those objects in an unhindered fashion].
‌첫 번째 [ ]부터 세 번째 [ ]까지는 and에 의해 연결되어 있으며 문장의 주어 역할을 한다. 네 번째 [ ]는 a relationship with the
objects of perception을 수식한다.
Word Search
1. s : an object made out of stone, wood, clay, etc. by an artist

2. e : to make people obey a rule or law
3. a : ‌the sound of many people hitting their hands together and shouting, to show that they have
enjoyed something
02강 21
책1.indb 21 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10

Week
1 02 강

[20006-0017]
People from more individualistic cultural contexts tend to be motivated to maintain self-
focused agency or control as these serve as the basis of one’s self-worth. With this form of
agency comes the belief that individual successes depend primarily on one’s own abilities
and actions, and thus, whether by influencing the environment or trying to accept one’s
circumstances, the use of control ultimately centers on the individual. The independent self
may be more driven to cope by appealing to a sense of agency or control. However, people
from more interdependent cultural contexts tend to be less focused on issues of individual
success and agency and more motivated towards group goals and harmony. Research has
shown that East Asians prefer to receive, but not seek, more social support rather than seek
personal control in certain cases. Therefore, people who hold a more interdependent self-
construal may prefer to cope in a way that .
*self-construal 자기 구성
① promotes harmony in relationships

② changes social norms and stereotypes
③ concentrates on rights and responsibilities
④ develops their social problem-solving skills
⑤ emphasizes and sometimes exaggerates their assets
Sentence Structure
ith this form of agency comes [the belief {that individual successes depend primarily on one’s own abilities and
W
actions}], and thus, [whether by influencing the environment or trying to accept one’s circumstances], the use of
control ultimately centers on the individual.
문장의 주어인 첫 번째 [ ]와 동사(comes)가 도치되었으며, { }는 the belief를 설명하는 동격의 명사절이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 whether
가 이끄는 부사절이고, 「whether ~ or ...」는 ‘~이든 …이든’이라는 뜻이다.
Word Search
1. i : not influenced or controlled in any way by other people or things

2. i : (of two or more people or things) dependent on each other
3. h : the state of being in agreement or concord
책1.indb 22 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10

▶ 밑줄 친 It’s not you; it’s your brain이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
[20006-0018]
Severe depression is not something people can pull themselves out of any more than they
can pull themselves out of congestive heart failure, kidney disease, or gallstones. When
patients with congestive heart failure develop difficulty breathing, they are usually grateful
for treatment that relieves their distress. They rarely believe they can handle such illnesses
themselves because they have no sense of being in control over the workings of their heart.
We also do not sense our brains at work, but we feel in control of our minds. This sense of
being in control of our minds allows those with depression to believe they can pull themselves
out of the severe depression. In my experience, once older adults understand that depression
is a disease of the brain, and not something they have control over, they become more open to
considering treatment. It’s not that they can’t handle their problems any longer; rather, their
brain has let them down. I often say to my patients, “It’s not you; it’s your brain.”
*congestive heart failure 울혈성 심부전 **gallstone 담석
① Before you treat your disease, treat your mind.

② You can treat disease by controlling your mind.
③ Depression may cause the brain to age more rapidly.
④ Depression is a brain problem you cannot handle on your own.
⑤ Incorrect treatment may cause the patient to suffer from depression.
Sentence Structure
evere depression is not something [people can pull themselves out of] any more than they can pull themselves
S
out of congestive heart failure, kidney disease, or gallstones.
‘B가 아닌 것처럼 A도 아닌’의 의미를 나타내는 「not A any more than B」 구문이 사용되었다. [ ]는 something을 수식한다.
Word Search
1. s : very bad or very serious

2. h : ‌to deal with a situation or problem by behaving in a particular way and making particular
decisions
3. r : to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings
02강 23
책1.indb 23 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10

Week
1 02 강

[20006-0019]
In the process of selling your property, you may hear the phrase “real property” and
“personal property.” Real property is fixed and attached; personal property is usually mobile
and unattached. Where this is likely to come up is in regard to items within your property.
Most refrigerators that can roll out, be unplugged, and taken with you, are considered
personal property. If a refrigerator is somehow permanently attached to the home (such as a
built-in model), it is real property and stays. When selling a property, it is assumed that you
are selling all real property. Ripping things like banisters, fireplaces, etc. off their moorings
and taking them with you is not only boorish behavior, it would most likely be a violation
of your sales contract. Even if it is possible to remove them, the buyer is assuming all real
property to be his. Granted, anything is negotiable, but if I was a buyer and I allowed you to
do such a thing at all (which I most likely wouldn’t), I would demand significant financial
consideration off the previously negotiated sales price, so much so that you would most likely
say, “Forget it.” As the buyer, I don’t need you the property as you leave.
*banister 난간 **moorings (고정된) 설비 ***boorish 교양 없는
① tidying ② trashing
③ upgrading ④ furnishing
⑤ advertising
Sentence Structure
[Most refrigerators {that can roll out, be unplugged, and taken with you}], are considered personal property.
[ ]가 문장의 주어이다. [ ]에서 { }는 Most refrigerators를 수식한다.
Word Search
1. m : moving or capable of moving readily

2. r : white goods in which food can be stored at low temperatures
3. v : an act that disregards an agreement or a right
책1.indb 24 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10


[20006-0020]
Much prosocial behavior is stimulated by others, such as when someone acts more properly
because other people are watching. Dogs will stay off the furniture and out of the trash
when their owners are present, but they casually break those rules when alone. Humans may
have more of a conscience, but they also still respond to . Public
circumstances generally promote prosocial behavior. Participants in a study by Kay L. Satow
sat alone in a room and followed tape-recorded instructions. Half believed that they were
being observed via a one-way mirror (public condition), whereas others believed that no
one was watching (private condition). At the end of the study, the tape-recorded instructions
invited the participant to make a donation by leaving some change in the jar on the table.
The results showed that donations were seven times higher in the public condition than in
the private condition. Apparently, one important reason for generous helping is to make (or
sustain) a good impression on the people who are watching.
*prosocial 친사회적인
① the potential for disagreement

② the need for privacy protection
③ the presence or absence of others
④ the difficulty in putting it into practice
⑤ the experience of getting help from others
Sentence Structure
alf believed [that they were being observed via a one-way mirror (public condition)], [whereas others believed
H
{that no one was watching (private condition)}].
첫 번째 [ ]는 바로 앞의 believed의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 ‘~인 반면에’라는 뜻의 whereas가 이끄는 부사절이
며 { }는 바로 앞의 believed의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다.
Word Search
1. s : to encourage something to grow, develop, or become active

2. t : waste material or things that are no longer wanted or needed
3. d : money or goods that are given to help a person or organization
02강 25
책1.indb 25 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10

Week
1 02 강

[20006-0021]
Say you’re driving down the interstate at sixty-five miles an hour with three friends from
out of town, and you suddenly say to them, “Hey, there’s that amazing Pink House!” What
happens? Probably there’s a lot of sudden head swiveling, and someone’s elbow ends up
in someone else’s ribs, and maybe one of your friends gets a glimpse, but probably nobody
really gets a chance to see it (and somebody might not believe you if she didn’t see it for
herself!). What if you had said instead, “Hey, coming up on the right here in about two
miles, there’s an amazing huge neon Pink House: watch for it”? They’d be ready, they’d
know where to look and what to look for, and they’d see what you wanted them to see.
Writers need to advise their readers in a similar way. That advice doesn’t always need to be
in a thesis statement or a topic sentence, but it does need to happen regularly so that readers
.
*swivel (고개를) 홱 돌리다
① don’t miss something crucial

② don’t accept the advice unconditionally
③ use some books for reference purposes
④ come back to a difficult part if necessary
⑤ guess the meaning of unknown words by context
Sentence Structure
ay [you’re driving down the interstate at sixty-five miles an hour with three friends from out of town], and [you
S
suddenly say to them, “Hey, there’s that amazing Pink House!”]
「Say ~」는 가정할 때 쓰는 표현으로서 ‘~라고 하자’라는 뜻이다. 두 개의 [ ]가 둘 다 Say에 이어진다.
Word Search
1. e : the part in the middle of the arm where it bends

2. r : a bone that curves round from your back to your chest
3. g : a brief look at someone or something
책1.indb 26 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10


[20006-0022]
So far as diet is concerned, I belong to no school; I have learned something from each one,
and what I have learned from a trial of them all is to be shy of extreme statements and of hard
and fast rules. To my vegetarian friends who argue that it is morally wrong to take sentient
life, I answer that they cannot go for a walk in the country without committing that offense,
for they walk on innumerable bugs and worms. We cannot live without asserting our right
; we kill innumerable germs when we swallow a
glass of grape juice, or for that matter a glass of plain water. I shall be much surprised if the
advance of science does not some day prove to us that there are basic forms of consciousness
in all vegetable life; so we shall justify the argument of Mr. Dooley, who said, in reviewing
“The Jungle,” that he could not see how it was any less a crime to cut off a young tomato in
its prime or to murder a whole cradleful of baby peas in the pod!
*sentient 지각이 있는
① to eat until we are fully satisfied

② to breathe clean air and drink clear water
③ to share the earth with plants and animals
④ to subject the lower forms of life to our purposes
⑤ to live securely without fear of being eaten by predators
Sentence Structure
So far as diet is concerned, I belong to no school; I have learned something from each one, and [what I have
learned from a trial of them all] is [to be shy {of extreme statements} and {of hard and fast rules}].
「so far as ~ is concerned」는 ‘~에 관한 한’이라는 뜻이다. 첫 번째 [ ]에서 what은 선행사를 포함하는 관계대명사로서 ‘~한 것’이라
는 뜻이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 is의 보어이다. 두 번째 [ ]에서 두 개의 { }가 둘 다 shy에 이어진다.
Word Search
1. e : very far from agreeing with the opinions of most people

2. v : not eating meat or fish for health or for religious or moral reasons
3. s : ‌to cause food, drink, pills, etc. to move from your mouth into your stomach by using the
muscles of your throat
02강 27
책1.indb 27 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11

Week
1 02 강

[20006-0023]
Indeed, one of the most problematic aspects of global warming from the point of view of
social policy stems from the fact that the phenomenon .
Some places have had little warming in the past century, and some have even experienced
cooling. “For extensive regions of the Earth, the warming of the past 80 years has deviated
strongly from the global average,” notes climate expert Ken Hare. “This fact raises major
difficulties for political action: in many countries, future temperatures will differ strongly
from the global norm and global warming will seem like a fiction to local politicians.” He
points out, for example, that the lack of a strong warming trend in the United States accounted
in part for the reluctance of the U.S. government to support the 1992 international convention
on climate change. “If you’re considering political action, you have to remember that you’re
asking a considerable number of people in the world to take on faith that this is a truly global
effect,” he said.
① has mainly affected wildlife

② has benefited people in some areas in the world
③ has so far manifested itself very unevenly around the world
④ has not been studied thoroughly and its causes are unknown
⑤ has combined with other natural phenomena to negatively impact the world
Sentence Structure
e points out, for example, [that the lack of a strong warming trend in the United States accounted {in part} for
H
the reluctance of the U.S. government to support the 1992 international convention on climate change].
[ ]는 points out의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다. ‘~의 이유가 되었다’라는 뜻의 accounted for 사이에 ‘부분적으로’라는 뜻의 { }가
삽입되었다. 「reluctance to ~」는 ‘~하기를 꺼림’이라는 뜻이며, to support ~가 reluctance에 의미상으로 연결된다.
Word Search
1. e : covering a large area; having a great range

2. n : an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with
3. f : a false report or statement that you pretend is true
책1.indb 28 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11

▶ 밑줄 친 overlook a lot이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0024]
In the fifth century B.C.E., the Greek philosopher Protagoras pronounced, “Man is the
measure of all things.” In other words, we feel entitled to ask the world, “What good are
you?” We assume that we are the world’s standard, that all things should be compared to us.
Such an assumption makes us overlook a lot. Abilities said to “make us human” — empathy,
communication, grief, toolmaking, and so on — all exist to varying degrees among other
minds sharing the world with us. Animals with backbones (fishes, amphibians, reptiles,
birds, and mammals) all share the same basic skeleton, organs, nervous systems, hormones,
and behaviors. Just as different models of automobiles each have an engine, drive train, four
wheels, doors, and seats, we differ mainly in terms of our outside contours and a few internal
tweaks. But like naive car buyers, most people see only animals’ varied exteriors.
*tweak 변경, 수정
① think that we are not entitled to rule the world

② argue that we can’t live without help from nature
③ fail to see that we share basic traits with other animals
④ understand that empathizing with animals is important
⑤ make sure that wild animals are protected against hunters
Sentence Structure
[ Just as different models of automobiles each have an engine, drive train, four wheels, doors, and seats], we differ
mainly in terms of [our outside contours] and [a few internal tweaks].
첫 번째 [ ]는 ‘~와 마찬가지로’라는 뜻의 Just as로 시작되는 부사절이다. 두 번째 [ ]와 세 번째 [ ]는 둘 다 in terms of에 이어진다.
Word Search
1. p : to say something officially with certainty

2. g : very great sadness, especially at the death of someone
3. o : a part of the body of an animal or plant that performs a particular job
02강 29
책1.indb 29 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11

03
Week
2 강

[20006-0025]
If you find it difficult to stay wise-minded when your teen is rude, it’s no surprise. The
deck is stacked against you because of several inescapable facts of normal teenage behavior.
For one thing, teens often try to pick a fight. That’s because, in the chaos and uncertainty
of adolescence, parents are a secure base — sort of like the eye of a storm. Teens want to
discharge the garbage of their day onto someone who will take it and love them anyway,
sticking with them through thick and thin. If it becomes evident that everything you say is
“wrong” (even though you know you’re right), you can stop the merry-go-round whenever
you like by simply . Don’t walk out with an angry refrain like “Well, I was
just trying to be nice, and look at how you treat me!” Instead, say something humble (and
accurate), such as, “I can see that you aren’t in the mood for chatting. Oh, well, maybe later.”
Unless their nastiness is persistent, assume that the interaction is more about an opportunity
for dumping the garbage than a reflection of your overall relationship.
*the deck is stacked against ~에게 불리하게 판이 짜여 있다
① scolding
② boosting
③ criticizing
④ persuading
⑤ withdrawing
Sentence Structure
eens want to discharge the garbage of their day onto someone [who will take it and love them anyway, {sticking
T
with them through thick and thin}].
[ ]는 관계절로 someone을 수식한다. { }는 분사구문으로 부수적인 상황을 나타내며 그 안에 쓰인 through thick and thin은 ‘좋을
때나 안 좋을 때나’라는 의미이다.
Word Search
1. e : easy to see, notice, or understand

2. c : a situation in which everything is confused and in a mess
3. p : continuing to exist, especially for longer than you would like
책1.indb 30 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11


[20006-0026]
If I say to you, ‘Don’t think of a white bear’, you will find it difficult not to think of a
white bear. In this way, thought suppression can actually increase the thoughts one wishes
to suppress instead of calming them. One common example of this is that people on a diet
who try not to think about food often begin to think much more about food. This ironic effect
seems to be caused by the interplay of two related cognitive processes. This dual-process
system involves, first, an intentional operating process, which consciously attempts to locate
thoughts unrelated to the suppressed ones. Second, and simultaneously, an unconscious
monitoring process tests whether the operating system is functioning effectively. If the
monitoring system encounters thoughts inconsistent with the intended ones, it prompts
the intentional operating process to ensure that these are replaced by appropriate thoughts.
However, it is argued, the intentional operating system can fail due to increased cognitive
load caused by fatigue, stress and emotional factors, and so the monitoring process
, making them highly accessible.
① operates other interrelated cognitive systems

② enhances the accessibility of wanted thoughts
③ produces the resources needed for self-control
④ filters the inappropriate thoughts into consciousness
⑤ searches for mental contents to achieve the desired state
Sentence Structure
I f the monitoring system encounters thoughts [inconsistent with the intended ones], it prompts the intentional
operating process to ensure [that these are replaced by appropriate thoughts].
첫 번째 [ ]는 앞의 thoughts를 수식하는 형용사구이고 그 안에서 ones는 thoughts를 나타내는 대명사이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 ensure의
목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이고 그 안의 these는 thoughts inconsistent with the intended ones를 가리킨다.
Word Search
1. r : to get rid of someone or something, and to put a new person or thing in their place
2. f : a feeling of being extremely tired, either physically or mentally
3. i : the ways that people or things affect each other or react when they are put together
03강 31
책1.indb 31 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11

Week
2 03 강

[20006-0027]
A trait can be said to be adaptive if it is maintained in a population by selection. We can

put the matter more precisely by saying that another trait is nonadaptive, or “abnormal,”
if it reduces the fitness of individuals that consistently manifest it under environmental
circumstances that are usual for the species. In other words, deviant responses in abnormal
environments may not be nonadaptive — they may simply reflect flexibility in a response
that is quite adaptive in the environments ordinarily encountered by the species. A trait can be
switched from an adaptive to a nonadaptive status by . For example,
the sickle-cell trait of human beings, determined by the heterozygous state of a single gene,
is adaptive under living conditions in Africa, where it confers some degree of resistance to
falciparum malaria. In Americans of African descent, it is nonadaptive, for the simple reason
that its bearers are no longer confronted by malaria.
*sickle-cell 겸상 적혈구(낫 또는 초승달 모양의 적혈구)의 **heterozygous 이형의 ***falciparum malaria 열대 말라리아
① extensive genetic variation

② the contribution of flexibility
③ the role of deviant responses
④ a weird natural selection process
⑤ a simple change in the environment
Sentence Structure
or example, the sickle-cell trait of human beings, [determined by the heterozygous state of a single gene], is
F
adaptive under living conditions in Africa, [where it confers some degree of resistance to falciparum malaria].
첫 번째 [ ]는 the sickle-cell trait of human beings를 부가적으로 설명하는 과거분사구이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 계속적 용법의 관계절로
Africa를 부연 설명한다.
Word Search
1. t : a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person

2. a : very different from usual in a way that seems strange, worrying, wrong, or dangerous
3. c : to give something such as authority, a legal right, or an honour to someone
책1.indb 32 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11


[20006-0028]
The philosopher Nelson Goodman argued that we should replace the question “What is
art?” with the question “When is art?” The same object can function as a work of art or not,
depending on how the object is viewed. When an object functions as art, it exhibits certain
“symptoms” of the aesthetic. For example, an object functioning as art is relatively replete
(full), meaning that more of its physical properties are part of its meaning and should be
attended to than when that same object is not functioning as a work of art. Goodman asks us
to consider a zigzag line. Told that the line is a stock market graph, all we attend to are the
peaks and dips. We could get the same information from a set of numbers. But if this same
line is part of a drawing (say, the outline of a mountain), all of the line’s physical properties
are suddenly important and part of what the artist wants us to attend to — its color, texture,
edges, thickness, among other things. And we .
① are totally confused by the experience

② cannot maintain an aesthetic point of view
③ cannot perceive its underlying aesthetic quality
④ cannot translate this experience into a set of numbers
⑤ can liken the concept of art to that of the stock market
Sentence Structure
or example, an object [functioning as art] is relatively replete (full), [meaning that more of its physical properties
F
{are part of its meaning} and {should be attended to} than when that same object is not functioning as a work of
art].
첫 번째 [ ]는 an object를 수식하는 현재분사구이고 두 번째 [ ]는 앞 절의 내용을 부연 설명하는 분사구문이다. 두 번째 [ ] 안에서 두
개의 { }가 and로 연결되어 주어인 more of its physical properties에 이어진다.
Word Search
1. o : a line that shows the outer edge or shape of something

2. e : to show a particular feeling, quality, ability, or form of behavior
3. p : a point in a curve or on a graph, or a value of a physical quantity, higher than those around it
03강 33
책1.indb 33 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11

Week
2 03 강

[20006-0029]
Because of the perceptual frames users of computer software and websites have, they often
click buttons or links without looking carefully at them. Their perception of the display is
based more on what their frame for the situation leads them to expect than on what is actually
on the screen. This sometimes confounds software designers, who expect users to see what
is on the screen — but that isn’t how human vision works. For example, if the positions of
the “Next” and “Back” buttons on the last page of a multistep dialog box switched, many
people would not immediately notice the switch. Their visual system would have been lulled
into inattention by the consistent placement of the buttons on the prior several pages. Even
after unintentionally going backward a few times, they might continue to perceive the buttons
in their standard locations. This is why consistent placement of controls is a common user-
interface guideline, to ensure that .
*confound 당황케 하다 **lull 안심시키다
① designers have a multitude of potential solutions

② reality matches the user’s frame for the situation
③ unfamiliarity attracts the user’s attention instantly
④ the information clearly reflects a possible user goal
⑤ unintended interpretations lead to new opportunities
Sentence Structure
heir perception of the display is based more [on what their frame for the situation leads them to expect] than [on
T
what is actually on the screen].
「비교급+ than ~」 구문이 쓰여 두 개의 [ ]를 비교하고 있다. 두 개의 [ ] 안의 what은 관계대명사로 ‘~하는 것’이라는 의미를 나타낸다.
Word Search
1. c : continuing or developing steadily in the same way

2. e : to make certain that something happens or is done
3. s : to change from doing or using one thing to doing or using another
책1.indb 34 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11

▶ 밑줄 친 a “circuit breaker”가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0030]
In 1979, Christopher Connolly cofounded a psychology consultancy in the United Kingdom

to help high achievers perform at their best. Over the years, Connolly became curious about
why some professionals floundered outside a narrow expertise, while others were remarkably
adept at expanding their careers — moving from playing in a world-class orchestra, for
example, to running one. Thirty years after he started, Connolly returned to school to do
a PhD investigating that very question. Connolly’s primary finding was that early in their
careers, those who later made successful transitions had broader training and kept multiple
“career streams” open even as they pursued a primary specialty. They “traveled on an eight-
lane highway,” he wrote, rather than down a single-lane one-way street. They had range.
The successful adapters were excellent at taking knowledge from one pursuit and applying it
creatively to another, and at avoiding cognitive entrenchment. They employed what Hogarth
called a “circuit breaker.” They drew on outside experiences and analogies to interrupt their
inclination toward a previous solution that may no longer work. Their skill was in avoiding
the same old patterns. *flounder 허우적거리다 **adept 능숙한 ***entrenchment 고착, 고착화
① potential distractions that make people lose focus at work

② memories of good times that bring one spark of joy when depressed
③ diverse experiences that help break the stereotypes of certain cultures
④ a crisis that stimulates people to break old habits and generate change
⑤ knowledge from a different field which helps break established thinking
Sentence Structure
onnolly’s primary finding was [that early in their careers, those {who later made successful transitions} had
C
broader training and kept multiple “career streams” open {even as they pursued a primary specialty}].
[ ]는 문장의 보어 역할을 하는 명사절이고, 첫 번째 { }는 those를 수식하는 관계절이며, 두 번째 { }는 even as가 이끄는 부사절이다.
Word Search
1. e : expert skill or knowledge in a particular field

2. a : to use a particular method, process, law, etc.
3. i : to stop or hinder by breaking in
03강 35
책1.indb 35 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:11

Week
2 03 강

[20006-0031]
In a recent discussion of human rights in social work and human services practices, a
researcher argues that the risk of strongly held primary values is that they can easily become
an inflexible form of universalism, in which a single view of what it is to be human can
become imposed by those with power (whether political, economic, professional, academic or
cultural). This can lead to an ironic situation in which human rights become associated with
totalitarian ways of imposing particular ideals, through asserting that what it is to be human
has to take one particular form. The answer, for the researcher, is to seek a ‘shared humanity’,
in which all members of a community are able to play active roles in the construction of what
humanity means, and allows for these definitions to differ and to overlap without having to be
. This requires that practitioners rethink their understanding of community, in
which there is a balance between what unites people and the many differences between them.
① explicit
② accurate
③ identical
④ inclusive
⑤ measurable
Sentence Structure
[ In a recent discussion of human rights in social work and human services practices], a researcher argues [that the
risk of strongly held primary values is {that they can easily become an inflexible form of universalism, in which
a single view of what it is to be human can become imposed by those with power (whether political, economic,
professional, academic or cultural)}].
첫 번째 [ ]는 전치사구이며, 두 번째 [ ]는 argues의 목적어에 해당하는 명사절이다. 두 번째 [ ]에서 { }는 보어로 쓰인 명사절이고, in
which가 이끄는 절은 an inflexible form of universalism을 부가적으로 설명하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. i : to force someone to accept something

2. t : ‌controlling the people of a country in a very strict way with complete power that cannot be
opposed
3. o : to have parts that are the same as parts of something else
책1.indb 36 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12


[20006-0032]
When biologists consider complex human activities such as the arts, they tend to assume
that their compelling qualities are derivations of basic drives. If any given activity can
be seen to aid survival or facilitate adaptation to the environment, or to be derived from
behaviour which does so, it ‘makes sense’ in biological terms. For example, the art of
painting may originate from the human need to comprehend the external world through
vision; an achievement which makes it possible to act upon the environment or influence it
in ways which promote survival. The Paleolithic artists who drew and painted animals on the
walls of their caves were using their artistic skills for practical reasons. Drawing is a form
of abstraction which may be compared with the formation of verbal concepts. It enables the
draughtsman to study an object in its absence, to experiment with various images of it, and
thus, at least in fantasy, to .
*Paleolithic 구석기 시대의 **draughtsman 그림을 그리는 사람
① exert power over it ② form the group identity

③ hide their brutal instinct ④ display their artistic skills
⑤ avoid encountering it completely
Sentence Structure
or example, the art of painting may originate from the human need [to comprehend the external world through
F
vision]; an achievement which makes it possible [to act upon the environment or influence it in ways which
promote survival].
첫 번째 [ ]는 the human need와 동격을 이루는 to부정사구이다. 첫 번째 it은 형식상의 목적어이고, 두 번째 [ ]가 내용상의 목적어이다.
두 번째 [ ] 안의 it은 the environment를 대신하는 말이다.
Word Search
1. c : very interesting or exciting, so that you have to pay attention

2. d : an act or process by which one thing is formed or created from another
3. a : ‌a general idea about a type of situation, thing, or person rather than a specific example from
real life
03강 37
책1.indb 37 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12

Week
2 03 강

[20006-0033]
Self-awareness, or reflective thought, is the main attribute distinguishing humans from

animals. It is the consciousness that enables us to contemplate ourselves. Reflection is the
power to turn one’s consciousness upon oneself, to know oneself and, especially, to know
that one knows. Humans are the only creation in the universe who can be the object of their
own reflection and, because of that, another world is born: an inner world, a reality in which
no lower animal can ever participate. Incapable of contemplating itself, or of being aware
of itself as the conscious subject, not even a higher type of animal, such as a dog or cat that
knows who its master is and where its food is, can know that it knows. In consequence, it is
denied access to a whole domain of reality in which mankind can move freely. Systems of
physics, philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy, for example, have all been constructed
because of man’s unique ability to .
① plan ahead
② correct errors
③ make symbols
④ reflect inwardly
⑤ share knowledge
Sentence Structure
[ Incapable of contemplating itself, or of being aware of itself as the conscious subject], not even a higher type of
animal, such as a dog or cat [that knows who its master is and where its food is], can know that it knows.
첫 번째 [ ]는 주절의 내용에 대한 이유를 서술하는 분사구문으로 앞에 Being을 보충할 수 있다. 두 번째 [ ]는 주어(a higher type of
animal)의 예에 해당하는 a dog or cat을 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. a : a usually good quality or feature that someone or something has

2. r : careful thought about something
3. d : an area of knowledge or activity
책1.indb 38 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12


[20006-0034]
I understand it is not likely you are going to tell an interviewer about all of your job search
activities or provide a status report, no, clearly it’s none of their business. However, there
is nothing wrong with being honest to a limited degree, if you are reaching a critical stage
with another company with whom you are also interviewing. Reasonably speaking, most of
us are pursuing more than one job at a time. It’s not a mistake to say to a hiring official, “I
appreciate the opportunity for this interview, I am interested in this job and your company,
but I think it is fair to tell you I am also talking to some other companies, and one of them has
invited me to a final interview.” Yes, this can be considered a take-away close, but it is simply
the truth. There is no need to, and I suggest you should not, share the name or details of the
other company; just is enough. I would, however, caution you that if
it isn’t true, don’t fake it.
*take-away close (판매·협상 등에서) 즉각적인 반응을 유도하기 위한 전략
① telling them your hardships

② verifying how you got the job
③ making them aware of your status
④ emphasizing what your aspirations are
⑤ negotiating the employment conditions
Sentence Structure
It’s not a mistake [to say to a hiring official, “I appreciate the opportunity for this interview, I am interested in this
job and your company, but I think it is fair {to tell you I am also talking to some other companies, and one of them
has invited me to a final interview}].”
It은 형식상의 주어이고, [ ]가 내용상의 주어이다. [ ] 안의 it 또한 형식상의 주어이며, { }가 내용상의 주어이다.
Word Search
1. p : to try to get or do something over a period of time

2. c : to warn or tell someone about a possible danger, problem, etc.
3. f : to make something seem real or true in order to trick someone
03강 39
책1.indb 39 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12

Week
2 03 강

[20006-0035]
The fact that emotions are unlearned, automated, and set by the genome always raises the
specter of genetic determinism. Is there nothing personal and educable about one’s emotions?
The answer is that there is plenty. The essential mechanism of the emotions in a normal brain
is indeed quite similar across individuals, and a good thing too because it provides humanity,
in diverse cultures, with a common ground of fundamental preferences on the matters of pain
and pleasure. But while the mechanisms are distinctly similar, the circumstances in which
certain stimuli have become emotionally competent for you are unlikely to be the same as for
me. There are things that you fear that I do not, and vice versa; things you love and I do not,
and vice versa; and many, many things that we both fear and love. In other words, emotional
responses are considerably customized relative to the causative stimulus. In this regard,
.
*specter 망령, 유령
① basic emotions cannot be hidden ② we are quite alike but not entirely
③ we cannot always control our emotions ④ our personal traits are determined by genes
⑤ pain and pleasure are two sides of the same coin
Sentence Structure
he essential mechanism of the emotions in a normal brain is indeed quite similar across individuals, and a good
T
thing too [because it provides humanity, in diverse cultures, with a common ground of fundamental preferences
on the matters of pain and pleasure].
[ ]는 because가 이끄는 부사절이다. it은 The essential mechanism ~ in a normal brain을 가리키며, ‘~에게 …을 제공하다’를
뜻하는 「provide ~ with ...」 구조가 사용되었다.
Word Search
1. d : ‌the belief that what you do and what happens to you are caused by things that you cannot
control
2. f : forming or relating to the most important part of something
3. c : acting as the cause of something
책1.indb 40 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12

▶ 밑줄 친 nothing could be farther from the truth가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
[20006-0036]
One of the most widespread, sadly mistaken, environmental myths is that living “close
to nature” out in the country or in a leafy suburb is the best “green” lifestyle. Cities, on the
other hand, are often blamed as a major cause of ecological destruction — artificial, crowded
places that suck up precious resources. Yet, when you look at the facts, nothing could be
farther from the truth. The pattern of life in the country and most suburbs involves long
hours in the automobile each week, burning fuel and spewing exhaust to get to work, buy
groceries, and take kids to school and activities. City dwellers, on the other hand, have the
option of walking or taking transit to work, shops, and school. The larger yards and houses
found outside cities also extract an environmental toll in terms of energy use, water use, and
land use. It’s clear that the future of the Earth depends on more people gathering together in
compact communities.
*spew 뿜어내다
① We should improve the quality of life in rural areas.

② Urban lifestyles are to blame for environmental disruption.
③ Expanding public transportation is certainly a key to living green.
④ City dwellers frequently visit the countryside and pollute it heavily.
⑤ Living close to nature is not necessarily more environmentally-friendly.
Sentence Structure
he pattern of life in the country and most suburbs involves long hours in the automobile each week, [burning
T
fuel and spewing exhaust to get to work, buy groceries, and take kids to school and activities].
[ ]는 앞에 나온 절(The pattern ~ each week)에 대한 부가적인 상황을 나타내는 분사구문이다. burning ~과 spewing ~이 병렬구
조를 이루고, get ~, buy ~, take ~도 병렬구조를 이룬다.
Word Search
1. m : an idea or story that is believed by many people but that is not true
2. e : the mixture of gases produced by an engine
3. c : using little space and having parts that are close together
03강 41
책1.indb 41 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12

04
Week
2 강

[20006-0037]
Opera is conventional. Nobody sings all the time in the real world. Nobody has an orchestra
that begins to play whenever he feels emotional. Conventions are of course necessary in
the theater, and even more so in opera. We like conventions, provided that we understand,
accept, and desire them. Conventions are simply the result of participants’ agreeing on the
rules, of simplifying a complex world so that we can concentrate on what interests us. We
are accustomed, for example, to detective novels, television situation comedies, and western
movies. We understand how each genre works, and we know that not every murder has six
suspects who can be gathered in one room in the last chapter by a brilliant detective. Yet we
gladly accept the of the situation because of the pleasure it provides us.
① urgency
② unreality
③ sensitivity
④ seriousness
⑤ deterioration
Sentence Structure
Conventions are of course necessary in the theater, and even more so in opera.
so는 ‘그렇게’로 해석되며, even more so는 even more necessary의 의미로 이해할 수 있다.
Word Search
1. c : following the usual practices of the past

2. e : affected by and expressing strong emotion
3. s : someone that is probably guilty of a crime
책1.indb 42 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12


[20006-0038]
One great danger of intellectual property lies in . When a group

of scientists stop working on a protein molecule because there are too many intellectual
property rights that surround the use of the molecule, a basic freedom, the freedom to
research, has been interfered with. The liberty cost of intellectual property rights may seem
remote because most of us do not carry out research on proteins. But we all have an interest
in seeing public research programmes into diseases and health being carried out. We want,
for example, public researchers to continue working on the genes for breast and ovarian
cancer and helping to develop cheaper, more effective clinical tests. We do not want them
obstructed by announcements like the following: ‘This important patent solidifies Myriad’s
dominant proprietary position on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes’ (the genes linked to breast
and ovarian cancer). Companies are entitled to protect their treatments for disease but not,
through use of their patents, to prevent others from access to genes which are linked to the
origins of disease.
*ovarian cancer 난소암 **solidify 확고히 하다 ***proprietary 독점적인
① the threat to liberty ② the birth of stereotypes

③ the imbalance of political power ④ the possibility of false knowledge
⑤ the concentration of profit margins
Sentence Structure
hen a group of scientists stop working on a protein molecule because there are too many intellectual property
W
rights [that surround the use of the molecule], a basic freedom, [the freedom to research], has been interfered with.
첫 번째 [ ]는 too many intellectual property rights를 수식하는 관계절이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 a basic freedom과 동격을 이루는 삽
입구이다.
Word Search
1. m : the simplest unit of a chemical compound

2. o : to prevent something from happening
3. d : having authority or influence
04강 43
책1.indb 43 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12

Week
2 04 강

[20006-0039]
is overwhelming for many people and results in consumers who

are less satisfied with the shopping experience, which ultimately hurts retail profitability.
Consider, for example, a consumer who wants a product to relieve her cold symptoms. First,
she has to decide where to shop for such a product. Over-the-counter pharmaceuticals are now
commonly available in a variety of locations ranging from hotel gift shops and convenience
stores to drug and grocery stores. Once she has chosen a store and is standing in front of the
shelf, the consumer faces a dizzying array of products from a variety of brands with a broad
spectrum of ingredients. Even within a particular brand, she can choose products that vary in
when they should be taken, how they can be taken, and what symptoms they treat. Ironically,
all this is enough to make a healthy person ill.
*over-the-counter pharmaceutical 처방전 없이 살 수 있는 의약품
① A long distance
② Too much choice
③ Too frequent advice
④ A ridiculously high price
⑤ A tricky payment process
Sentence Structure
ven within a particular brand, she can choose products [that vary in {when they should be taken}, {how they can
E
be taken}, and {what symptoms they treat}].
[ ]는 products를 수식한다. 세 개의 { }가 and에 의해 연결되어 in에 이어진다.
Word Search
1. o : having such a great effect on you that you feel confused and do not know how to react
2. f : to confront and deal with or accept
3. s : ‌a long flat narrow board attached to a wall or in a frame or cupboard, used for putting things
on
책1.indb 44 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:12


[20006-0040]
In today’s business environment, firms may face competition from companies located
in their own home market as well as from those based halfway around the world. Also,
customer trends which take root in one country may quickly spread to other parts of the
world, creating either new marketing opportunities or potential threats to a firm’s established
products and business models. In addition, political and economic crises in one region may
have important implications for consumer and business confidence around the world. One
need look no further than the sovereign debt crisis in Europe that began to unfold in 2009
or the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the USA, to appreciate the impact of such events on
economic growth, consumer spending and prosperity. Economic and political events taking
place around the world may have a profound effect on a company’s prospects for survival and
growth. It should be noted that whether or not a firm elects to operate internationally, it is still
.
*sovereign debt crisis 국가 부채 위기
① obliged to contribute to the national economy

② heavily influenced by a positive investment climate
③ expected to keep customer information confidential
④ subject to internally generated risks and uncertainty
⑤ vulnerable to changes taking place in the global marketplace
Sentence Structure
lso, customer trends [which take root in one country] may quickly spread to other parts of the world, [creating
A
either new marketing opportunities or potential threats to a firm’s established products and business models].
첫 번째 [ ]는 customer trends를 수식하는 관계절이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 분사구문인데, ‘A이거나 B’라는 의미의 「either A or B」 구문
을 포함하고 있다.
Word Search
1. e : having existed for some time, and therefore recognized as successful

2. u : to happen or to develop
3. p : the condition of being successful or thriving
04강 45
책1.indb 45 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

Week
2 04 강

[20006-0041]
. Concerns of the present tend to loom larger than

potentially greater concerns that lie farther away. Some decisions by their nature present
great complexity, whose many variables must align a certain way for the leader to succeed.
Compounding the difficulty is what ergonomists call information overload, where a leader
is overrun with inputs — via e-mails, meetings, and phone calls — that only distract and
clutter his thinking. Alternatively, the leader’s information might be only fragmentary, which
might cause her to fill in the gaps with assumptions — sometimes without recognizing them
as such. And the merits of a leader’s most important decisions, by their nature, typically are
not clear-cut. Instead, those decisions involve “a process of assigning weights to competing
interests, and then determining, based upon some criterion, which one predominates. The
result is one of judgment, of shades of gray; like saying that Beethoven is a better composer
than Brahms.”
*loom large 크게 다가오다 **ergonomist 인간 공학자 ***clutter 혼란스럽게 하다
① Leaders should take initiative and not only react

② Qualities that define great leadership are subjective
③ True leaders bring out the best in those around them
④ Clarity is often a difficult thing for a leader to obtain
⑤ A great leader can be a great follower at the same time
Sentence Structure
ompounding the difficulty is what ergonomists call information overload, [where a leader is overrun with inputs
C
— via e-mails, meetings, and phone calls — {that only distract and clutter his thinking}].
[ ]는 information overload를 부가적으로 설명하는 관계절이다. { }는 inputs를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. c : to make a problem or difficult situation worse

2. o : the fact of having too much of something
3. c : standard by which something can be judged or considered
책1.indb 46 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

▶ 밑줄 친 you wake the sleeping guard가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0042]
Many women find their inner critic speaks up most loudly around their most deeply felt
dreams for their lives and work, because they feel particularly vulnerable about them. They
experience the most panicky, overwhelming self-doubt when they are moving toward what
they truly long to do. The inner critic is like a guard at the edge of your comfort zone. As
long as you don’t venture forth out of that zone, the inner critic can leave you alone — like
a guard taking a nap. Yet when you approach the edge of your comfort zone, test old beliefs,
contemplate change, or stretch into playing bigger, you wake the sleeping guard. The inner
critic recites its lines in an attempt to get you to go back into the familiar zone of the status
quo. Many women find that the more strongly the inner critic shows up, the louder and
meaner and more hysterical its voice, the closer they are to a breakthrough or the more likely
they are to be on the edge of taking a very important step. In this sense, when you hear a
major inner critic attack, it likely means you are playing bigger.
*the status quo 현 상황
① You use external resources to support your thinking.

② You develop several skills that enable you to survive.
③ You transform your inner fear into a motivational force.
④ You hold yourself back from moving on to bigger stages.
⑤ You give in to material temptation instead of pursuing your dreams.
Sentence Structure
any women find that [{the more strongly the inner critic shows up, the louder and meaner and more
M
hysterical its voice}, the closer they are to a breakthrough or the more likely they are to be on the edge of taking
a very important step].
[ ]는 「the +비교급+주어(+동사), the +비교급+주어(+동사)」 구문으로, ‘더 ~할수록, 더 …하다’라는 뜻으로 해석된다. 주어진 문장에서
는 { } 부분이 ‘더 ~할수록’으로 해석되는 부분이다.
Word Search
1. v : capable of being physically or emotionally wounded

2. c : to view or consider with continued attention
3. b : an important development that helps to solve a problem
04강 47
책1.indb 47 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

Week
2 04 강

[20006-0043]
Researchers of the Earth’s system have been focused, appropriately, on developing a better
understanding of the vast and interconnected processes that create our environment, and they
have made a great deal of progress since the publication of A Sand County Almanac, a 1949
non-fiction book by Aldo Leopold. Although there are many problems left to solve, knowledge
about planetary life-support systems has progressed far more rapidly than society’s
willingness to use this knowledge. The biggest challenge facing humanity is that our political,
social, and economic systems are . Long-term planning typically considers
years or decades, but the global environmental processes we are now influencing play out
over centuries, millennia, or more. We need to instill a sense of geologic time into our culture
and our planning, to incorporate truly long-term thinking into social and political decision
making. This is what “thinking like a mountain” should come to mean in the Anthropocene.
If we succeed in transforming our culture, residents of the later Anthropocene will look back
on the early twenty-first century as a time of human enlightenment, when people learned to
truly think like mountains by anticipating their long-lasting and complex effects on the world.
*instill 서서히 불어넣다 **the Anthropocene 인류세(지구에 대한 인류의 영향을 특징으로 하는 지질학적 시기)
① inflexible ② complicated ③ long-lasting

④ shortsighted ⑤ interconnected
Sentence Structure
I f we succeed in transforming our culture, residents of the later Anthropocene will look back on the early twenty-
first century as a time of human enlightenment, [when people learned to truly think like mountains by {anticipating
their long-lasting and complex effects on the world}].
‘~을 …로 돌아보다’의 의미인 「look back on ~ as ...」의 표현이 쓰였다. [ ]는 a time of human enlightenment를 설명하는 관계
절이다. { }는 by의 목적어로 쓰인 동명사구이다.
Word Search
1. i : to include or be included as a part or member of a united whole

2. p : the process of printing a book, magazine, etc. and offering it for sale
3. t : to change the appearance or character of something or someone completely
책1.indb 48 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13


[20006-0044]
From the early twentieth century through the beginning of the 1970s, the sociological
analysis of cultural objects took one of two competing paths, which interestingly shared a
core assumption. The products of mediated culture, whether books, songs, or fashion, were
thought to be expressive symbols that changed in lockstep with evolutions in society. For
example, in 1919 the anthropologist Alfred Kroeber argued that the hemlines of women’s
dresses were prescribed through “civilizational determinism”; they were a window into
macro-level cultural values and belief systems. In turn, by the mid-1920s the economist
George Taylor argued that instead the hemlines of dresses go up with rises and go down with
declines in the stock market. For Taylor, hemlines were determined by macro-level economic,
not cultural, shifts. While these “nothing-but” arguments quibbled on the direction of the
association between culture and the economy, they both assumed that hemline lengths in
women’s fashion were .
*hemline (치마의) 단, 치맛단 (길이) **quibble 옥신각신하다
① products of textile techniques

② influenced by personality traits
③ confronted with stereotyped beliefs
④ reflections of outsized societal forces
⑤ an indicator of women’s economic status
Sentence Structure
he products of mediated culture, [whether books, songs, or fashion], were thought to be expressive symbols [that
T
changed in lockstep with evolutions in society].
첫 번째 [ ]는 양보를 나타내는 부사절로, whether 다음에 they were가 생략된 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 두 번째 [ ]는 관계절로 that은
expressive symbols를 선행사로 하는 주격 관계대명사이다.
Word Search
1. a : someone who scientifically studies humans and their customs, beliefs, and relationships
2. p : to say what should be done or how something should be done
3. a : a careful examination of something in order to understand it better
04강 49
책1.indb 49 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

Week
2 04 강

[20006-0045]
It is clear that even a single initial encounter with a word can potentially leave a memory
trace of its use. Why is this clear? Consider the counterfactual: if no memory trace could exist
after a single exposure, then the second time the word was encountered would be exactly the
same as the first time. But then no memory trace of the word would be left upon this second
encounter. This situation could be repeated ad infinitum without any memory trace of the
meaning being retained. If this were the case, we would be utterly unable to learn any words.
Therefore, it must be possible for in order for it to be strengthened
upon subsequent exposure. Fortunately, we know that human brains have a vast capacity for
implicit memory, even though memories may not readily be brought to consciousness (they
are not always easy to recall or make explicit).
*counterfactual 사실과 반대되는 가정 **ad infinitum 무한히
① memories to be vividly traced

② an initial memory trace to exist
③ an initial encounter to be described
④ the first linguistic input to be unique
⑤ a word to have more than one meaning
Sentence Structure
If this were the case, we would be utterly unable to learn any words.
「If +주어+동사의 과거형 ~, 주어+조동사의 과거형+동사원형 ...」의 가정법 과거 표현이 사용되고 있는데, 이 글에서는 현재 사실과 반대
되는 가정을 표현하고 있다.
Word Search
1. r : to keep something or continue to have something

2. e : a meeting, especially one that happens by chance
3. e : expressed in a way that is very clear and direct
책1.indb 50 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13


[20006-0046]
Consider for a moment a fish. Fish belong in the water, and when it is in the place where it
belongs, it dominates all other things that do not belong there that may try to compete with it.
Man is no match for the fish as long as it remains in the water, so in order for us to have any
power over the fish, we have to capture it by using tools and many forms of trickery to get it
out of the place of its dominance. We understand that man versus fish in the water, fish wins.
But if we can succeed in taking it out of the water, the fish will lose every time. The thought
that I am trying to convey to you is that, once you ,
you will always come out successful. But if you follow the guile of other things that may
seem attractive and leave the place of your power, you will never win. Life is about winning,
not necessarily about winning against others but winning at being you, and the way to win is
to figure out who you are and do it.
*guile 간교한 속임수
① feel confident and strong within yourself

② get accustomed to a competitive environment
③ apply appropriate tactics to different situations
④ discover who you are and operate in that realm
⑤ feel content with where you belong and what you have
Sentence Structure
ife is about winning, [not necessarily {about winning against others} but {winning at being you}], and the way
L
to win is [to {figure out who you are} and {do it}].
첫 번째 [ ]는 about winning을 부연 설명하고 있다. 첫 번째와 두 번째 { }는 「not necessarily ~ but ...」 (반드시 ~인 것은 아
니고 …)의 표현에서 사용되고 있다. 두 번째 [ ]는 명사구의 역할을 하고 있고, 세 번째와 네 번째 { }는 to에서 이어진다. do it은 be
yourself(너 자신의 기질과 성향대로 행동하다)로 달리 표현할 수 있다.
Word Search
1. t : the use of dishonest methods in order to achieve something

2. c : to try to be more successful than someone or something else
3. d : the fact of being more powerful, successful, or important than other people or things
04강 51
책1.indb 51 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

Week
2 04 강

[20006-0047]
For a while, people thought that 10,000 hours of practice was what it took to become an
expert at something. But now we know that this figure is a gross oversimplification, because
. Expert practicers get better faster. They have
learned to pick out the difficult parts of what they are trying to do, and work especially hard
on those. They make good use of recordings and videos of their own performance. They know
what time of day works best for them, when to push on through tiredness or confusion, and
when to take a break. A pianist knows that sometimes it helps to play a piece at half speed,
to get the fingering exactly right, and sometimes it is worth trying to play it at double speed,
mistakes and all, to get a better feel for the flow and cadence of the piece. A footballer is able
to suggest to the coach a new way of practicing an attacking maneuver.
*cadence (음악) 가락 **maneuver (기술·주의를 요하는) 동작
① learning is strongly influenced by inborn talent

② different fields require different amounts of effort
③ you cannot learn efficiently without an expert’s help
④ you cannot be an expert unless you are well-rounded
⑤ the quality of practice matters even more than the quantity
Sentence Structure
For a while, people thought [that 10,000 hours of practice was {what it took to become an expert at something}].
[ ]는 thought의 목적어이다. { }에서는 「it takes +목적어+ to부정사」 (~하는 데 ‘목적어’가 필요하다)의 표현이 사용되고 있다.
Word Search
1. g : extreme and unreasonable

2. p : a written, musical, or artistic creation
3. f : the symbol for a number or an amount expressed in numbers
책1.indb 52 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

▶ 밑줄 친 there are factories가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0048]
Today companies frequently require of their employees a different level and quality of
engagement with the company. In earlier periods, employees were often treated like machines,
but their private lives, consisting in their leisure time, passions, and beliefs, remained largely
unaffected. Nowadays, employees frequently contribute more than physical labor; they are
required to innovate, make decisions, and work effectively as a team. As a result, they no
longer leave work when they go home but instead continue at some level nonstop. The fact
that workers are being asked to contribute collectively to the production of goods and services
has begun to reweave the fabric of the social, from one based in the distinction between
public and private spaces to one in which networks of associations and the advantages they
may offer to move ahead now function as the organizing force in most daily interactions. As
Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri describe it, we have transitioned from a society in which
there are factories to a factory society in which the entire social performs as a factory.
① Factories produce less than is needed.

② Factories are one of the biggest polluters.
③ Mass production is the main driver of society.
④ Individuals need to work only in the workplace.
⑤ Parts are more important than the entire machine.
Sentence Structure
oday companies frequently require [of their employees] [a different level and quality of engagement with the
T
company].
「require A of B」 (B에게 A를 요구하다) 구문에서 A에 해당하는 두 번째 [ ]가 ‘of B’에 해당하는 첫 번째 [ ]의 뒤로 이동한 구조이다.
Word Search
1. c : to give something in order to help achieve or provide something

2. t : to change or cause to change from one state or stage to another
3. f : ‌the structure or parts of something; cloth or material for making clothes, covering furniture,
etc.
04강 53
책1.indb 53 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

05
Week
3 강
Exercise 1 어법
▶ (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0049]
If you have become much less active, spending a lot of time alone focused on feeling
depressed, think about activities that engage your attention and that require a moderate level
of concentration and effort. Driving, for example, is probably not ideal, because it is such an
automatic behavioral sequence for most people (A) that / whom it siphons off only a small
amount of attention. Something like strenuous aerobic exercise may be much more effective,
because it captures more attention. But you would not want to choose exceedingly complex,
demanding tasks, such as studying for a math exam, because any difficulties you have
(B) doing / done such a task could reinforce negative, self-critical thinking. When you are
feeling depressed, a mentally demanding task may become overwhelming, and then you will
start ruminating about failing the task (e.g., “Depression is going to ruin me, because I can’t
even concentrate on this simple math”). Thus moderately engaging activities are probably the
best distracters for rumination. (C) Take / Taking some time to discover the positive activities
that are most effective in reducing or eliminating your bouts of rumination.
*siphon off ~을 흡수하다, 빨아들이다 **ruminate 어떤 생각을 계속해서 떠올리다 ***bout (어떤 일이 계속되는) 기간, 한동안
(A) (B) (C)

① that …… doing …… Take
② that …… doing …… Taking
③ that …… done …… Take
④ whom …… doing …… Taking
⑤ whom …… done …… Taking
Sentence Structure
~, think about activities [that engage your attention] and [that require a moderate level of concentration and effort].
두 개의 [ ]는 activities를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. i : the best or most suitable that something could possibly be

2. s : a series of related events, actions, etc. that happen or are done in a particular order
3. r : to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger
책1.indb 54 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

Exercise 2 무관한 문장
▶ 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

[20006-0050]
Body water is involved in several functions critical to performance. The body’s chemical
processes that provide the energy for muscle work occur in water. ① All of the transport
functions of oxygen, nutrients, and body wastes are carried on in body water. ② Of most
importance to the exercising athlete is the fact that a large amount of heat generated
by exercising muscles is transported by water in the blood to the skin, where water is
essential for the production of sweat. ③ Body heat is dissipated most efficiently through
the evaporation of sweat on exposed skin surfaces. ④ Some doctors prescribe hormone
therapy to ease the discomfort of night sweats, but many are working to develop non-drug
approaches. ⑤ An abundant supply of body water, first to transport muscle-generated heat
and then to produce the sweat needed for evaporative cooling, is the best insurance against
the complications of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and life-threatening heat stroke.
*dissipate (열 등을) 방산(放散)하다 **heat cramp 열 경련
Sentence Structure
[ Of most importance to the exercising athlete] is the fact [that a large amount of heat generated by exercising
muscles is transported by water in the blood to the skin, {where water is essential for the production of sweat}].
첫 번째 [ ]는 보어이고 두 번째 [ ]와 동격 관계인 the fact가 주어이다. Of most importance는 most important라는 뜻이다. { }는
the skin을 부연 설명하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. t : the act or process of moving people or things from one place to another
2. e : not covered or protected
3. i : protection from bad things that may happen in the future
05강 55
책1.indb 55 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:13

Week
3 05 강
Exercise 3 글의 순서
▶ 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0051]
Sport sends some messages that support socioeconomic inequities. For example, winning is
the most prevalent organizing theme in newspaper stories and telecasts of sporting events.
(A) ‌Such beliefs underscore the American conception of merit — we often link hard work
and talent to financial success. The flip side is that if someone fails financially, it must be
because she or he isn’t talented or didn’t work hard. This reasoning allows us to hold the
belief that the rich and poor both deserve whatever money they have.
(B) ‌Winning is usually attributed to self-discipline, talent, and hard work. If an athlete or a
team doesn’t win, then we assume that the player or the team was lazy or lacked talent
and so didn’t deserve to win.
(C) ‌The point here is not that merit is a bad idea. The problem is that this logic often leads us
to overlook the societal barriers (e.g., poor nutrition, neighborhood gang violence, poor
access to libraries and computers, dysfunctional families, lack of child care) that prevent
poor people from developing themselves to the fullest and becoming valuable members
of society.
*inequity 불공평 **dysfunctional family 역기능 가족
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
Sentence Structure
This reasoning allows us to hold the belief [that the rich and poor both deserve {whatever money they have}].
[ ]는 the belief와 동격 관계이다. { }는 deserve의 목적어 역할을 한다.
Word Search
1. p : accepted, done, or happening often or over a large area at a particular time

2. u : to emphasize something or show the importance of something
3. d : to do something or have or show qualities worthy of reward or punishment
책1.indb 56 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:14

Exercise 4 어법
▶ 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
[20006-0052]
According to Wikipedia, of the countries ① that have adopted color television, twenty-nine
had done so by 1969. The vast majority of these were in Europe and North America. The rise
in the use of television in the 1950s opened up the creativity of advertising within a more
emotional and powerful medium. The addition of color must have been seen as a powerful
boost if ② using wisely. Though, no doubt, early color commercials were likely simply
③ reshot black-and-white spots, creative directors at agencies from New York to London to
Paris and beyond must have seen this new technology as an advantage in promoting brands.
In many ways, this transition from black and white to color must have been similar to the
challenges facing actors ④ when sound was introduced to movies. For advertising agencies in
the 1960s, an entire world of new possibilities and requirements put them back to square one:
they could either understand how to use color effectively or ⑤ face losing clients.
*spot 짧은 광고 **put ~ back to square one ~을 원점으로 되돌리다
Sentence Structure
The vast majority of these were in Europe and North America.
these가 앞 문장에서 언급된 twenty-nine (countries)을 가리키므로 복수동사인 were를 쓴다.
Word Search
1. m : a particular form or system of communication such as newspapers, radio, or television

2. a : a business that provides a particular service
3. i : to cause something to begin to be used for the first time
05강 57
책1.indb 57 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:14

Week
3 05 강
Exercise 5~6 1지문 2문항
▶ [5~6] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
In the business world, large bureaucratic organizations are sometimes unable to compete
against smaller, innovative firms, particularly in industries that are changing quickly. This
situation occurs partly because innovative firms tend to have flatter and more (a) democratic
organizational structures. Compare the flat network structure in smaller, innovative firms
with the traditional bureaucratic structure in large bureaucratic organizations. Note that the
network structure has fewer levels than the traditional bureaucratic structure. Moreover, in
the network structure, lines of communication link all units. In the traditional bureaucratic
structure, information flows only upward.
Much evidence suggests that flatter bureaucracies with decentralized decision making and
(b) multiple lines of communication produce more satisfied workers, happier clients, and
bigger profits. Some of this evidence comes from Sweden and Japan. Beginning in the early
1970s, Volvo and Toyota were at the forefront of bureaucratic innovation in these countries.
They began (c) creating middle-management positions. They allowed worker participation
in a variety of tasks related to their main functions and delegated authority to autonomous
teams of a dozen or so workers that were allowed to make many decisions themselves. They
formed “quality circles” of workers to monitor and correct defects in products and services.
Consequently, product quality, worker morale, and profitability (d) improved. Today, these
ideas have spread well beyond the Swedish and Japanese automobile industries and are
(e) evident in many large North American companies, both in the manufacturing and in the
service sectors.
책1.indb 58 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:14

5
[20006-0053]
윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① Innovation Comes from the Outside

② Monitoring Customers to Identify Their Demands
③ Teamwork Outweighs the Work of One Individual
④ Impact of Multinational Companies on the Host Country
⑤ The Flat Network Structure Beats the Traditional Bureaucratic Structure
6
[20006-0054]
밑줄 친 (a)∼(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Sentence Structure
oday, these ideas [have spread well beyond the Swedish and Japanese automobile industries] and [are evident in
T
many large North American companies, both in the manufacturing and in the service sectors].
these ideas가 주어이고, and로 연결된 두 개의 [ ]가 술부이다. 「both A and B」는 ‘A와 B 둘 다’라는 뜻이다.
Word Search
1. i : introducing or using new ideas or methods

2. f : having an even surface, not curved or sloping
3. d : to give control, responsibility, authority, etc. to someone
05강 59
책1.indb 59 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:14

Week
3 05 강
Exercise 7 어법

[20006-0055]
The lesson of ecology is that, as species of the planet, we are all connected in a web of
life. A Buddhist parable (A) brings / is brought to life this rather stark and scientific lesson
from ecology. During his meditation, a devotee fantasizes that he is eating a leg of lamb,
an act proscribed by Buddhism (B) where / which strict adherence to vegetarianism is
required. His spiritual master suggests that when this fantasy comes to him he draws a cross
on the leg of lamb. The devotee follows the advice and, on returning to self-consciousness,
is amazed to find the cross on his own arm. A more prosaic way of reaching the same sense
of connection is to think about a time when you might have hit an animal or bird when
driving your car. The sense of shock and horror that you have destroyed something so
(C) precious / preciously is the same, no matter how insignificant the animal appears.
*stark 냉혹한, 엄연한 **proscribe 금지[배척]하다 ***prosaic 세속적인, 평범한
(A) (B) (C)

① brings …… where …… precious
② brings …… which …… preciously
③ brings …… where …… preciously
④ is brought …… which …… precious
⑤ is brought …… where …… preciously
Sentence Structure
[ A more prosaic way of reaching the same sense of connection] is [to think about a time {when you might have
hit an animal or bird when driving your car}].
첫 번째 [ ]는 문장의 주어이고 두 번째 [ ]는 보어 역할을 하는 to부정사구이다. { }는 a time을 수식하는 관계절이고, when driving
은 when you were driving에서 you were가 생략된 것으로 볼 수 있다.
Word Search
1. i : not important enough to be worth considering

2. m : the act of remaining in a silent and calm state for a period of time, as a religious activity
3. f : to imagine that something pleasant, exciting, or unusual is happening to you
책1.indb 60 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:14


[20006-0056]
The distinctions — between mind and body, and war and peace — appear to have lost
credibility altogether, with the result that we now experience conflict intruding into everyday
life. ① Since the 1990s, rapid advances in neuroscience have elevated the brain over the
mind as the main way by which we understand ourselves, demonstrating the importance of
emotion and physiology to all decision making. ② Meanwhile, new forms of violence have
emerged, in which states are attacked by non-state groups, interstate conflicts are fought
using nonmilitary means (such as cyberwarfare), and the distinction between policing and
military intervention becomes blurred. ③ Much of the value of objectivity in public life is that
it provides a basis for consensus among people who otherwise have little in common. ④ As
society has been flooded by digital technology, it has grown harder to specify what belongs
to the mind and what to the body, what is peaceful dialogue and what is conflict. ⑤ In the
obscure space between mind and body, between war and peace, lie nervous states: individuals
and governments living in a state of constant and heightened alertness, relying increasingly
on feeling rather than fact.
Sentence Structure
eanwhile, new forms of violence have emerged, [in which {states are attacked by non-state groups}, {interstate
M
conflicts are fought using nonmilitary means (such as cyberwarfare)}, and {the distinction between policing and
military intervention becomes blurred}].
[ ]는 부가적인 설명을 더하는 관계절이며 선행사는 new forms of violence이다. [ ] 안에서 세 개의 { }가 and로 연결되어 있다.
Word Search
1. c : a serious incompatibility between two or more opinions, principles, or interests

2. v : the use of physical force to injure, abuse, damage, or destroy
3. a : the state of being watchful and prompt to meet danger or emergency
05강 61
책1.indb 61 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:14

Week
3 05 강

[20006-0057]
The obvious problems being caused by economic growth have not been ignored by
academics: they were noticed by some in the economics profession, who then attempted to
incorporate these concerns into their discipline.
(A) ‌Green economists would consider this to be a category error; in other words, they believe
it is important to accept that some aspects of life have social or spiritual worth that simply
cannot be measured.
(B) ‌This led to the development of environmental economics, and also the related study of
natural-resource economics. Conventional economics considers environmental impact to
be an ‘externality’, something outside its concern. Environmental economists were keen to
bring these negative impacts back within the discipline.
(C) ‌However, they still approached the subject in a scientific and measurement-based way, for
example, using shadow pricing to measure how much people were concerned about noise
pollution or the loss of habitat. In other words, the way in which economics traditionally
marginalizes or ignores something that cannot be priced was still adhered to, but the
response was to attempt to evaluate in some way aspects of life which economics had
ignored. *shadow pricing 잠재 가격
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
Sentence Structure
reen economists would consider this to be a category error; in other words, they believe [it is important {to
G
accept that some aspects of life have social or spiritual worth that simply cannot be measured}].
[ ]는 believe의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이고, it은 형식상의 주어이며 { }가 내용상의 주어이다. accept 다음의 that ~ measured
는 accept의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이고 that simply cannot be measured는 social or spiritual worth를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. a : to give support or maintain loyalty
2. c : a collection of things sharing a common attribute
3. d : a branch of knowledge, typically one studied in higher education
책1.indb 62 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:14

Exercise 10 어법
[20006-0058]
Until fairly recently, human beings lived in kin bands of usually no more than twenty
people, loosely ① associated into tribes of perhaps a few hundred. Open to nature and each
other, they knew each other more ② intimately than we can imagine today. Speech may
have been superfluous, as it often is between lovers, or between mother and baby. When we
know someone that well, we know without asking ③ what they are thinking and feeling. All
the more in prelinguistic times, when our empathetic faculties were yet unclouded by the
mediatory apparatus of language. ④ Spending some time alone with a person or small group
in silence, and observe whether, after just a few days or even hours, you feel more intimately
connected with them than if you’d been talking. The empathy and intuitive understanding of
others that develops in such circumstances is ⑤ amazing.
*superfluous 불필요한, 과도한
Sentence Structure
[Open to nature and each other], they knew each other more ~ than we can imagine today.
[ ]는 Being이 생략된 분사구문으로 As they were open to nature and each other로 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.
Word Search
1. a : joined in some kind of relationship

2. f : a natural physical or mental ability that most people have
3. t : a group of people of the same race, language, and customs
05강 63
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Week
3 05 강
When students in a civilian college are found to be cheating on an examination, it does not
make a story in the national media — not even headlines in the local papers and probably not
a story in the college newspaper. The students may have a hearing before a student/faculty
disciplinary board, and a penalty may be imposed if the verdict is that the students are
(a) guilty. The penalty may be a failure in the course or a brief suspension from the institution;
often it is less severe than either of these.
The West Point scandal of 1976 made front-page news across the country. Military students
were cheating, which violated the honor code. That event, a most serious matter, was
followed by student (b) dismissals and lengthy editorial comment. In the junior class, 184
students were formally accused of cheating, and 152 of those were expelled. Similar cheating
“scandals” at the Naval Academy in Annapolis and at the Air Force Academy in Colorado
Springs have also been given the most serious (c) attention.
Why is cheating by an officer candidate taken more seriously than cheating by a civilian
student at the same educational level? The question almost answers itself. Civilian schools
have honor codes, but moral education is usually not a conscious educational goal. The
Military Academy at West Point has a well-known honor code requiring that “a Cadet will not
lie, cheat or steal, nor tolerate anyone who does.” The experience of living by such a code,
we hope, will help produce officers who can be trusted to (d) support moral individualism.
They will have consciously practiced the reflex of honesty, of consistently doing what they
promised to do, regardless of temptation. The thought and temptations of individualism
are always in the mind, but we assume that people can be found who consciously (e) adopt
another moral style.
*verdict 평결 **cadet 사관학교 생도
책1.indb 64 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:15

11 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0059]
① When Is a Military Professional Ethics Code of Conduct Needed?

② What Effect Does Military Education Have on Civilian Education?
③ How Does an Honor Code Define and Address Trust and Honesty?
④ Why Is Military Education Morally Stricter than Civilian Education?
⑤ Which Is More Goal-directed, Military Education or Civilian Education?
12 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

[20006-0060]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Sentence Structure
he Military Academy at West Point has a well-known honor code [requiring {that “a Cadet will not lie, cheat or
T
steal, nor tolerate anyone who does.”}]
[ ]는 a well-known honor code를 수식하는 분사구이고, { }는 requiring의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다. does는 lies, cheats
or steals를 대신한다.
Word Search
1. c : a person that is likely to do or be something

2. e : to force a student to leave a school permanently
3. t : to allow someone to do something that you do not like or approve of
05강 65
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06
Week
3 강
Exercise 1 어법
[20006-0061]
In the 1990s the Internet became the newest entrant in the baby advice field. Major
manufacturers of baby equipment as well as the neighbor down the street set up Web sites to
help parents ① care for their babies. Chat rooms brought mothers from all around the country
together online ② to discuss, question, and support each other. The Internet meant that the
speed of information available to mothers had compressed from weeks and months in the
early 1900s to near instantaneous by 2000. In the 1910s a mother with a baby care question
③ what was unanswerable in her immediate surroundings could write to the Children’s
Bureau and wait for a reply. Depending on her location and the post office this entire process
might take several weeks. In 2000 she could access the Internet from her home computer at
2:00 a.m. if necessary and ④ find an answer within minutes. Hospitals and pediatricians also
embraced the Internet and Web sites written by and directed by them ⑤ were set up across the
country.
*entrant 신입 회원 **The (United States) Children’s Bureau 미국 아동국(1912년에 아이와 엄마의 건강을
증진하기 위해 창설된 미국의 기관) ***pediatrician 소아과 의사
Sentence Structure
he Internet meant [that the speed of information available to mothers had compressed from weeks and months in
T
the early 1900s to near instantaneous by 2000].
[ ]는 meant의 목적어 역할을 한다. to near instantaneous 뒤에는 speed 정도의 의미가 있는 명사가 생략되어 있다.
Word Search
1. m : a company that makes large quantities of goods

2. c : to be pressed or squeezed so that it takes up less space
3. e : to eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion, etc.
책1.indb 66 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:15


[20006-0062]
We presumably play many games because they are exciting, but will playing a particular
game result in a positive or a negative mood? This is where the fundamental unpredictability
of games comes in, since failure will likely result in a worse mood than success will.
① To play a game is to take an emotional gamble. ② The higher the stakes, in terms of time
investment, public acknowledgment, and personal importance, the higher are the potential
losses and rewards. ③ After we discussed the dangers of gambling and attempted to control
it for a long time, we decided to define gambling as a social problem. ④ We make very rough
estimates of this gamble, factoring in the likelihood of failure along with the time investment
required, the audience for our performance, and our personal investment in performing well.
⑤ We are probably also not very good at doing the calculation — optimists may be unable to
believe that failure is a possibility, for example.
*stake (내기 등에) 걸려 있는 것
Sentence Structure
[ We presumably play many games because they are exciting], but [will {playing a particular game} result in a
positive or a negative mood?]
[ ]로 표시된 두 개의 문장이 but에 의해 연결되어 있다. 두 번째 [ ]에서 { }는 주어 역할을 한다.
Word Search
1. r : a thing given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement

2. i : something that you do or have in order to have more in the future
3. o : someone who believes that good things will happen
06강 67
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Week
3 06 강

[20006-0063]
Just as other living creatures thrive or perish depending on how well they adapt to the
environment, so too do humans, although the consequences are not usually so dramatic.
(A) ‌They might have trouble adjusting their behaviour once they enter the workforce, which
ultimately might deprive them of career advancement and financial remuneration. On the
other hand, more relaxed work habits can be adaptable in other ways.
(B) ‌They might induce lower levels of stress (and its related health risks) by shielding
individuals from certain jobs that place undue tension on work-life balance. Those who
do adapt to the demands of higher education might enter high-stress careers that call for
adaptive techniques of their own, such as meditation or effective time-management.
(C) ‌For example, students often fail to adapt their attention and work habits to the demands
of educational institutions. In the short term, their grades suffer, but the long-term
difficulties associated with this maladaptation are no less palpable.
*remuneration 보수 **palpable 명백한
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
Sentence Structure
hose [who do adapt to the demands of higher education] might enter high-stress careers [that call for adaptive
T
techniques of their own, such as meditation or effective time-management].
첫 번째 [ ]는 Those를 수식한다. 두 번째 [ ]는 high-stress careers를 수식한다.
Word Search
1. t : to grow or develop well or vigorously

2. p : to die, especially in a violent or sudden way
3. f : relating to money or the management of money
책1.indb 68 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:15

Exercise 4 어법

[20006-0064]
Some years ago in the United States, a woman named Linda Kenney nearly died when, prior
to an operation, anesthesia was administered to her improperly. Her husband, understandably,
wanted to sue the doctor and the hospital. Then the anesthesiologist wrote the couple a note
(A) expressed / expressing his regrets and grief. He told her, “Whenever you want to speak
to me, I will make myself available. Here is my phone number.” The Kenneys later learned
that the doctor did not inform the hospital or its lawyers of what he was doing. He knew that
they would probably have forbidden him to contact the patient, (B) because / because of
acknowledging his responsibility so frankly would put him and the hospital at great risk
if the patient sued. The Kenneys were deeply moved by the doctor’s letter, and even more
impressed when he came to their home and begged forgiveness. The couple ended up not
pursuing a malpractice suit, and instead, in conjunction with the doctor, started a group to
help both doctors and families (C) deal / dealt with the trauma of medical and surgical
errors. *anesthesia 마취 **sue 고소하다
(A) (B) (C)

① expressed …… because …… deal
② expressed …… because of …… dealt
③ expressing …… because …… deal
④ expressing …… because of …… dealt
⑤ expressing …… because …… dealt
Sentence Structure
‌
The Kenneys were deeply moved by the doctor’s letter, and even more impressed when he [came to their home]
and [begged forgiveness].
even은 비교급을 강조하여 ‘훨씬 (더 ~한)’이라는 의미가 되게 한다. and로 연결된 두 개의 [ ]는 주어인 he에 이어진다.
Word Search
1. a : to give a drug, medicine, or treatment to someone

2. a : to say that you accept or do not deny the truth or existence of something
3. f : in an honest and direct way
06강 69
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Week
3 06 강
Because the phrase is so well known, some readers may be surprised to know that Darwin
never wrote “survival of the fittest.” This term was coined by British philosopher Herbert
Spencer (who, incidentally, also first used the term “evolution”) in applying Darwin’s
ideas to topics he himself did not address. The “survival of the fittest” concept had several
effects. First, it naturalized competition as part of a “struggle for existence.” In the process,
it detoured from Darwin’s ideas; Organisms do not (a) consciously “struggle” in this way —
they do not know if a mutation has taken place that may require millennia to become
widespread in their species. They are simply born, live, and die, and pass on whatever was in
their genes. This idea of competition grew out of and had more application to the burgeoning
industrialization and class (b) divisions that were occurring in Britain than it did to Darwin’s
idea of natural selection. A second and related effect was to justify genocide and colonization
(the dash to carve up Africa culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, when Europeans
sat around tables and drew lines on maps to delimit “their” possessions, and the “taming”
of the American West took place at the same time), and to (c) reinforce any suggestion of
social welfare for the poor in Europe. That people were not as well off as those (whites)
with the most resources was taken as evidence that they were not as “fit,” nor (d) deserving.
This Social Darwinism (e) helped define as “natural” the hierarchy of races that had been
constructed and classified through the discourses of science.
*detour 벗어나다, 우회하다 **burgeoning 급증하는 ***culminate 절정에 달하다
006~077 2020수특(영어)(1~6강).indd 70 2020-01-03 오후 1:56:15

5
[20006-0065]
① Social Impacts of the Concept “Survival of the Fittest”

② Modern Science Based on Darwin’s Ideas of Evolution
③ Some of the Scientific Evidence Against Darwin’s Ideas
④ Evolutionary Theory: A History of Fierce “Survival of the Fittest”
⑤ The Term “Survival of the Fittest” Expressing What Darwin Intended
6
[20006-0066]
밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Sentence Structure
ecause the phrase is so well known, some readers may be surprised [to know {that Darwin never wrote “survival
B
of the fittest.”}]
the phrase는 “survival of the fittest”를 의미한다. [ ]는 be surprised의 이유를 설명한다. { }는 know의 목적어 역할을 한다.
Word Search
1. t : ‌a word or expression with a particular meaning, especially one that is used for a specific
subject or type of language
2. j : to give an acceptable explanation for something that other people think is unreasonable
3. c : to decide what group something belongs to
06강 71
책1.indb 71 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:15

Week
3 06 강
Exercise 7 어법
[20006-0067]
Now, back to the essential issue at hand — that of human intellect being dependent
upon the application of logical principles. There is much evidence that the quality
① that we usually refer to as intelligence (in humans), is closely related to the individual’s
capacity for logical thought. For example, a great mathematician must be highly intelligent,
② because his/her successful learning and manipulating of mathematical rules is impossible,
apart from much capacity for logical thinking. Even though mathematics is ③ inherent a
highly logical discipline, any person who performs brilliantly in language, or any such
endeavor, is showing high intelligence, because any such effective use of language, and such
reasoning powers, must involve much logical thinking. And, in general, the greater capacity
④ one has for effective application of logical principles (whether in language, mathematics,
artistic creations, or whatever), the greater is one’s power of intelligence. Therefore, it can
⑤ be seen that intelligence and logic are closely intertwined.
Sentence Structure
, any person [who performs brilliantly in language, or any such endeavor], is showing high intelligence, [because
~
any such effective use of language, and such reasoning powers, must involve much logical thinking].
첫 번째 [ ]는 any person을 수식한다. 두 번째 [ ]는 ‘~이기 때문에’라는 뜻의 because로 시작되는 부사절이다.
Word Search
1. i : the ability to understand and profit from experience

2. e : an effort or attempt to do something
3. a : the act of using something for a particular purpose
책1.indb 72 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:15


[20006-0068]
Millions of people around the world suffer a lack of necessary nutrients because of
limitations on what will grow in their region. One area that scientists are exploring is
genetically modifying vegetables to increase their nutritional value. An example of this
is “golden rice.” ① This variety of rice is genetically engineered to produce vitamin A —
the vitamin that gives carrots their orange color. ② Research is being done on genetically
modifying animals to produce medications that could be used to treat human diseases.
③ A vitamin A deficiency can have serious effects, including blindness and even death.
④ Millions of people suffer from this problem worldwide because they live in areas where
vegetables containing the vitamin will not grow. ⑤ Since rice will grow in these regions,
golden rice could provide at least some of this critical vitamin to the local population.
Sentence Structure
illions of people suffer from this problem worldwide [because they live in areas {where vegetables containing
M
the vitamin will not grow}].
[ ]는 ‘~이기 때문에’라는 뜻의 because로 시작되는 부사절이다. [ ]에서 { }는 선행사 areas를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. n : any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue
2. m : to cause to change; to make different; to cause a transformation
3. d : the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable
06강 73
책1.indb 73 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:15

Week
3 06 강

[20006-0069]
The growing emphasis on ‘work readiness’ is the subject of much debate. Some believe that
work and education are qualitatively different social sites.
(A) ‌E mployers report that work experience improves graduates’ soft skills, increases
confidence and helps relate their studies to employment, making them more rounded and
with more realistic expectations of work. The opportunity to make contacts and create
networks for future employment is another advantage. In other words, work experience
improves work readiness.
(B) ‌While education provides skills and knowledge useful both in the short and long term, it
can only provide broad or generic training for work. Specific training for a particular job
can only be undertaken after study.
(C) ‌However, the demand for work-ready graduates, who are familiar with organisational
practices in the workplace, is increasing. Employers value work experience believing
that exposure to the workplace while studying provides students with the opportunity to
acquire valuable insights into how the workplace operates and what is expected of them in
different workplace settings.
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
Sentence Structure
mployers value work experience [believing that exposure to the workplace while studying provides students
E
with the opportunity {to acquire valuable insights into how the workplace operates and what is expected of them
in different workplace settings}].
[ ]는 believing이 이끄는 분사구이고 believing의 목적어로 that이 이끄는 명사절이 이어지고 있다. 「provide ~ with ...」는 ‘~에게
…을 제공하다’라는 뜻이고, { }는 with의 목적어인 the opportunity의 내용을 설명하는 to부정사구이다.
Word Search
1. r : having or showing a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved or expected
2. a : a good or useful feature that something has
3. i : an accurate and deep understanding of someone or something
책1.indb 74 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:16

Exercise 10 어법

[20006-0070]
A baby who can’t hear would have a stronger need to remain in visual contact with her
parents as she begins to roam. Mom and Dad could make a concerted effort to make their
friendly waves or approving smiles especially vivid to their toddler, even at a distance. They
could even make a point of coming over to her from time to time and offering a quick hug or
peck on the cheek to reassure their toddler (A) that / whom her explorations won’t isolate
her from them. A baby who can’t see would benefit from hearing lots of encouraging words
and vocalizations, as well as touches and smells. In fact, we often recommend interesting
games that enable babies who can’t see (B) locate / to locate people and objects by touch and
sounds, as well as smells. In that way, they can create a sensory road map of their home even
though they can’t see. The important sense of space and spatial relationships that we all need
to feel (C) secure / securely and to navigate can be formed from many of our senses, and not
just our vision.
*concerted 합심한 **vocalization 목소리, 발성
(A) (B) (C)

① that …… locate …… securely
② whom …… locate …… securely
③ that …… to locate …… securely
④ whom …… to locate …… secure
⑤ that …… to locate …… secure
Sentence Structure
om and Dad could make a concerted effort to make [their friendly waves or approving smiles] [especially vivid
M
to their toddler, even at a distance].
첫 번째 [ ]가 make의 목적어이고 두 번째 [ ]가 목적보어이다.
Word Search
1. w : the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

2. r : to comfort someone and stop them from worrying
3. s : pertaining to or involving or having the nature of space
06강 75
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Week
3 06 강
Ideation in its many forms is an area today where humans have a comparative advantage
over machines. Scientists come up with new hypotheses. Journalists sniff out a good story.
Chefs add a new dish to the menu. Engineers on a factory floor figure out why a machine is
no longer working properly. Many of these activities are (a) supported and accelerated by
computers, but none are driven by them.
Picasso’s quote — Computers are useless. They can only give you answers. — is just about
half right. Computers are not useless, but they’re still machines for (b) generating answers,
not posing interesting new questions. That ability still seems to be uniquely human, and still
highly valuable. We predict that people who are good at idea creation will continue to have
a comparative advantage over digital labor for some time to come, and will find themselves
in demand. In other words, we believe that employers now and for some time to come will,
when looking for talent, (c) follow the advice attributed to the Enlightenment sage Voltaire:
“Judge a man by his questions, not his answers.”
Ideation, creativity, and innovation are often described as ‘thinking outside the box,’ and
this characterization indicates another large and reasonably sustainable advantage of human
over digital labor. Computers and robots remain (d) proficient at doing anything outside the
frame of their programming. Watson, for example, is an amazing Jeopardy! player, but would
be (e) defeated by a child at Wheel of Fortune, The Price is Right, or any other TV game show
unless it was substantially reprogrammed by its human creators. Watson is not going to get
there on its own.
*ideation 관념 작용 **sage 현자, 현인 ***Watson 인공 지능을 구현한 IBM의 슈퍼컴퓨터
책1.indb 76 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:16


[20006-0071]
① Man Proposes, Computer Performs

② Think Out of the Box and Get Rich
③ Don’t Judge a Man by His Mistakes
④ Try to Solve a Problem like an Artist
⑤ The Computer Has the Final Word for the Future

[20006-0072]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Sentence Structure
e predict [that {people who are good at idea creation} {will continue to have a comparative advantage over
W
digital labor for some time to come}, and {will find themselves in demand}].
[ ]는 동사 predict의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다. [ ]에서 첫 번째 { }가 주어이며 두 번째 { }와 세 번째 { }가 둘 다 주어에 연
결된다.
Word Search
1. j : a writer for newspapers and magazines

2. a : to cause to move faster
3. p : to ask a question, especially in a formal situation such as a meeting
06강 77
책1.indb 77 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:16

07
Week
4 강
Exercise 1 어법

[20006-0073]
Whether or not they allow some contemporary technology to be squeezed in, the reformers
fundamentally believe that they can bring back “what once worked.” That belief has tragic
ramifications for our students today. It is tragic (A) because / because of so much of what
we do currently teach, and what so many want to preserve, is now unimportant because
the context for education has changed so radically. In the current environment, every field
and job — from factory work to retail to healthcare to hospitality to garbage collection —
(B) is / to be in the process of being transformed dramatically, and often unrecognizably,
by technology and other forces. And while most reformers recognize that society is going
through dramatic changes (even though few truly “get” their extent, speed, and implications),
they too often — and paradoxically — do not see the need for education to change
fundamentally to cope with (C) them / themselves .
*ramification 파급 효과
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① because …… is …… them ② because of …… to be …… themselves
③ because …… is …… themselves ④ because of …… is …… them
⑤ because …… to be …… themselves
Sentence Structure
nd while most reformers recognize [that society is going through dramatic changes] (even though few truly “get”
A
their extent, speed, and implications), they too often — and paradoxically — do not see the need [{for education}
to change fundamentally to cope with ~].
첫 번째 [ ]는 recognize의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 the need를 수식하는 to부정사구로 그 안에서 { }가 to부정
사구의 의미상의 주어를 나타낸다.
Word Search
1. r : someone who works to change and improve something

2. g : rubbish that is to be thrown away
3. t : ‌to make someone or something completely different, usually in a way that makes them more
attractive, easier to use, etc.
책1.indb 78 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:16


[20006-0074]
Heller and Eisenberg claimed that gene patenting may cause a problem of the “tragedy of
the anti-commons” for biomedical research, because a gene patent can be broad enough to
cover any commercial use of the gene and the gene product. ① When people hold a resource
in common, they tend to overuse it because they lack any incentive to conserve the resource.
② This overuse is generally referred to as a “tragedy of the commons,” and privatization is
often used to solve this problem. ③ However, when a scarce resource is overprivatized the
result can be a “tragedy of the anti-commons,” which will result in the under-use of a resource
because too many people are excluded from using the resource. ④ Opponents to gene patents
argue that genes cannot fulfill the patent law test for novelty because they exist in nature.
⑤ Under-use in human gene patents was said to be pervasive, because the high licensing
fee limits any further research, especially when most diseases are polygenic, meaning that
multiple genes are involved in the manifestation of a disease and several pieces of genetic
material are needed to develop a product.
Sentence Structure
nder-use in human gene patents was said to be pervasive, because the high licensing fee limits any further
U
research, especially when most diseases are polygenic, [meaning that {multiple genes are involved in the
manifestation of a disease} and {several pieces of genetic material are needed to develop a product}].
[ ]는 polygenic을 부연 설명하는 분사구문이다. that은 meaning의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절을 이끄는 접속사이며 두 개의 { }가
and로 연결된다.
Word Search
1. f : to do or provide what is necessary or needed

2. t : a bad situation that makes people very upset or angry
3. i : ‌something that makes you want to do something or to work harder, because you know that
you will benefit by doing this
07강 79
책1.indb 79 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:16

Week
4 07 강

[20006-0075]
The thing about maintaining a lawn is that the very action of cutting encourages grasses to
multiply. Trees, for example, do very poorly if you repeatedly and regularly cut them down
just above the ground.
(A) ‌If you chop off the leaves of a grass plant it merrily continues to grow from the bottom,
unconcerned by the decapitation it receives. Grasses have evolved this system in response
to being repeatedly eaten by herbivores. By regularly mowing a lawn, the only plants that
can survive are grasses.
(B) ‌This regrowth can only happen at considerable energy cost to the plant. If you keep doing
this, eventually the plant will give up the ghost and die. On the other hand, grasses keep
their meristems tucked away at the base of the plant.
(C) ‌In fact, many plants cannot cope with being regularly felled. The bit of a plant that does
the growing is called a meristem, and in plants such as tulips, begonias and carnations, the
meristems are at the tips of the growing shoots. If you cut these plants off at the ground,
you chop off the meristem, and they have to start the process of producing a shoot all over
again. *decapitation 목 베기 **give up the ghost 멈추다 ***meristem 분열조직
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
Sentence Structure
I f you chop off the leaves of a grass plant it merrily continues to grow from the bottom, [unconcerned by the
decapitation {it receives}].
[ ] 는 분사구문으로 unconcerned 는 주어인 it (= a grass plant )과 의미상 수동의 관계를 이루고 있다. { } 는 관계절로 the
decapitation을 수식한다.
Word Search
1. s : a very young plant, or a new part growing on a plant

2. m : to cut grass using a machine or tool with blades
3. m : to increase by a large amount or number, or to make something do this
책1.indb 80 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:17

Exercise 4 어법
[20006-0076]
The effect of one’s actions on collective consequences, and one’s participation in those
consequences regardless of one’s actions, is relevant because there is a dollar value
① associated with these actions. Furthermore, that dollar value can be complicated. When the
cost of gasoline is high enough, the extra initial cost of a more fuel-efficient vehicle — or one
that does not use gasoline at all — can seem less expensive, even if one does not quite believe
the car will “pay for itself” through its fuel savings. However, if enough people ② were to buy
those vehicles — in sufficient numbers to reduce the demand for gasoline — the cost of
gasoline would come down. Then again, ③ so would the cost of the vehicles, thanks to
economies of scale. There is a push and pull of cost and relative savings that ④ is difficult for
consumers to predict, as it is affected so greatly by their collective actions. It brings to mind
economist John Maynard Keynes’ description of stock-market investing: a beauty contest in
which the winner is not any of the contestants, but the judge ⑤ who scores come closest to
the average scores of the judges collectively.
*economies of scale 규모의 경제(생산량의 증가에 따라 평균 비용이 줄어드는 현상)
Sentence Structure
hen the cost of gasoline is high enough, the extra initial cost of [a more fuel-efficient vehicle] — or [one {that
W
does not use gasoline at all}] — can seem less expensive, even if one does not quite believe ~ savings.
두 개의 [ ]는 the extra initial cost of에 이어진다. 두 번째 [ ] 안의 one은 a vehicle을 나타내며 { }는 one을 수식하는 관계절이다.
not quite는 ‘전적으로 ~은 아닌’이라는 의미로 부분부정을 나타낸다.
Word Search
1. s : as much as is needed for a particular purpose

2. c : shared or made by every member of a group or society
3. c : something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions
07강 81
책1.indb 81 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:17

Week
4 07 강
The metaphor of barking dogs has been used by historians of religions to describe various
uses of comparison, but like all good myths, it bears retelling in each new context and can
always be used in new ways. Sherlock Holmes once solved a mystery, the case of Silver
Blaze, a racehorse, by using a vital clue of (a) omission. When Inspector Gregory asked
Holmes whether he had noted any point to which he would draw the inspector’s attention,
Holmes replied, “To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time.” “The dog did nothing
in the night-time,” (b) objected the puzzled inspector, the essential straight man for the
Socratic sage. “That was the curious incident,” remarked Sherlock Holmes. The fact that the
dog did not bark when someone entered the house at night was evidence, in this case evidence
that the criminal was someone familiar to the dog. Dogs bark at difference — in this case,
someone different from those with whom the dog was familiar.
We cannot hear the sound of one hand clapping; we cannot hear (c) sameness. But through
the comparative method we can see the blinkers that each culture constructs for its retellings
of myths. Comparison makes it possible for us literally to cross-examine cultures, by using a
myth from one culture to (d) reveal to us what is not in a telling from another culture, to find
out the things not “dreamt of in your philosophy” (as Hamlet said to Horatio). Moreover, we
can use comparative work to test theories about our own culture, by noting where our own
dogs have not barked. Comparison (e) justifies what we take for granted. We can only see the
inflection of a particular telling when we see other variants.
*sage 현자 **blinkers 옆을 보지 못하게 하는 눈가리개 ***inflection 굴절
책1.indb 82 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:17

5
[20006-0077]
① Why Dogs Bark: Myths and Legends

② What Old Stories Reveal About the Mind
③ Comparative Mythology: A Window into Cultures
④ Massive Similarities Between Different World Mythologies
⑤ Embracing Diversity: A Key to Cross-cultural Understanding
6
[20006-0078]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Sentence Structure
he fact [that the dog did not bark when someone entered the house at night] was [evidence], in this case [evidence
T
{that the criminal was someone familiar to the dog}].
첫 번째 [ ]는 The fact와 동격을 이루는 명사절이다. 세 번째 [ ]는 두 번째 [ ]의 내용을 부연 설명하며 { }는 바로 앞의 evidence와
동격을 이루는 명사절이다.
Word Search
1. o : to be opposed to something, or to express your opposition to it in words

2. c : to create something such as an idea or system by making various things fit together
3. l : according to the most basic or original meaning of a word or expression
07강 83
책1.indb 83 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:17

Week
4 07 강
Exercise 7 어법

[20006-0079]
Most employees want to do a good job, make a difference, and (A) value / be valued
for their efforts. Regardless of the situation, the company must take time to determine
what employees need. Employee performance is often tied more to personal factors like
being appreciated for doing a good job than to money. (B) Recognize / Recognizing
accomplishments in a timely manner by a simple, sincere “Thank You” can go a long way
in improving performance. The level of motivation in part will be determined by the time
lapse between the occurrence and awarding the recognition. The closer the recognition to the
occurrence, the greater will be the motivation, creating a positive environment that fosters
improved performance. Really listening to (C) which / what employees are saying lets
employees feel they are contributing, giving them a sense of worth.
(A) (B) (C)

① value …… Recognize …… which
② value …… Recognizing …… which
③ be valued …… Recognize …… what
④ be valued …… Recognizing …… which
⑤ be valued …… Recognizing …… what
Sentence Structure
The closer the recognition to the occurrence, the greater will be the motivation, [creating a positive environment
{that fosters improved performance}].
‘~하면 할수록 더욱 …하다’를 뜻하는 「the +비교급 ~, the +비교급 ...」 구문이 쓰였다. [ ]는 앞에 나온 절에 대한 부가적인 상황을 나타
내는 분사구문이며, { }는 a positive environment를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. a : something done, achieved, or accomplished successfully

2. l : a period of time between events
3. f : to help a skill, feeling, idea, etc. develop over a period of time
책1.indb 84 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:17


[20006-0080]
Internationalization is a critical issue in higher education today. Many colleges and

universities are transforming their curriculum by integrating international perspectives and
providing professional development to faculty and staff so that they can effectively participate
in today’s increasingly global environment. ① A major reason for internationalization in
higher education is that college graduates are expected to become global citizens to be able
to successfully communicate in a diverse workplace. ② Students who take courses with
international content are believed to be better equipped to effectively communicate in global
contexts. ③ Cultural differences affect research and academic communication since there are
those who categorize cultures into superior and inferior. ④ Therefore, employers are looking
for candidates who not only have appropriate degrees for the job but also foreign language
skills and intercultural competence. ⑤ Furthermore, many colleges and universities are
admitting more and more international students, and this makes it necessary to train fellow
students as well as faculty and staff about intercultural awareness and multiculturalism.
Sentence Structure
any colleges and universities are transforming their curriculum by [integrating international perspectives
M
and providing professional development to faculty and staff {so that they can effectively participate in today’s
increasingly global environment}].
[ ]는 전치사 by에 이어지는 동명사구이며, integrating ~과 providing ~은 병렬구조를 이룬다. { }는 ‘주어가 ~할 수 있도록’을 뜻하
는 「so that +주어+ can ~」 구문이다.
Word Search
1. c : the courses that are taught by a school, college, etc.

2. c : to put someone or something into a group of similar people or things
3. i : low or lower in quality
07강 85
책1.indb 85 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:17

Week
4 07 강

[20006-0081]
Even people who do not live near the ocean can have an impact on marine communities and
ecosystems. Burning of fossil fuels, for instance, increases the amount of greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere, leading to climate change such as global warming, rising sea levels, and
increased acidity of the ocean.
(A) The decomposition of their bodies removes more oxygen from the water, making a bad
situation even worse. The result of this excessive decomposition is an area of ocean water
that is oxygen depleted. Because so little marine life can survive in such an area, it is
referred to as a dead zone.
(B) When the algae die, the decomposition of their remains robs the water of oxygen. Marine
organisms that can swim away, such as fishes, migrate to better water while those that
cannot, such as clams and worms, die from lack of oxygen.
(C) A nother way in which inland populations can affect the marine environment is by
contributing nutrients to the ocean. Nitrogen is a major nutrient that supports the growth of
algae in aquatic ecosystems. When nitrogen-containing chemicals from terrestrial sources
reach the ocean they support an enormous increase in the growth of algae.
*algae (해)조류 **terrestrial 육지의, 육생의
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A) ④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
Sentence Structure
arine organisms [that can swim away], such as fishes, migrate to better water while those [that cannot], such as
M
clams and worms, die from lack of oxygen.
while을 중심으로 두 개의 절이 대조되고 있다. 첫 번째 [ ]는 Marine organisms를 수식하는 관계절이고, 두 번째 [ ]는 those를 수식
하는데, those는 Marine organisms를 대신하는 대명사이다. 두 번째 [ ]에서 cannot 다음에는 swim away가 생략되었다.
Word Search
1. d : act of decaying or making something decay

2. d : to greatly reduce the amount of something
3. m : to move from one area to another at different times of the year
책1.indb 86 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18

Exercise 10 어법
[20006-0082]
The use of critical thinking has been identified as particularly important in the digital age
as relatively quick access to a wide range of information ① means that the user needs the
ability to critically evaluate the validity and relative value of information accessed. In the
past, the library, a book, or an expert (e.g., a teacher) were the student’s source of knowledge,
and the value or validity was unlikely to ② be questioned. When the Internet was originally
introduced to school-based learning programmes, a number of educators were reluctant to
use ③ it as a teaching resource as the information may not contain correct facts. This view
reflected the limited information available at the time through the Internet, the lack of social
media ④ which large numbers of people and experts were developing knowledge, and a
positivist orientation to schooling (purpose is to learn truths). The abundance of information
at the touch of a digital technology means that learners need to be able to critically evaluate
its relevance, validity and significance. This type of critical thinking expands the scientific
orientation of critical thinking ⑤ using reasoning to evaluate credibility.
*positivist orientation 실증주의적 지향
Sentence Structure
his view reflected [{the limited information available at the time through the Internet}, {the lack of social media
T
~ large numbers of people and experts were developing knowledge}, and {a positivist orientation to schooling
(purpose is to learn truths)}].
[ ]는 동사 reflected의 목적어이고, [ ] 안에 세 개의 { }가 and로 연결되어 있다.
Word Search
1. v : the state of being reasonable, correct, or generally accepted

2. r : not willing to do something and therefore slow to do it
3. a : a very large quantity of something
07강 87
책1.indb 87 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18

Week
4 07 강
Predicting how inventions and technological innovations will be used and how they will
ultimately affect society is often very difficult. The history of technology is full of stories
of inventors and innovators who had no idea of how their inventions and innovations would
ultimately be used or the (a) far-reaching effects that they would have on society. Johannes
Gutenberg, inventor of the printing press and movable metal type, was a devout Catholic
who would have been (b) horrified to know that his invention enabled the Bible to be widely
printed and so helped stimulate the Protestant Reformation. Thomas Edison apparently
believed that the phonograph would be mainly used for recording people’s last wills and
testaments and would undoubtedly be amazed by today’s tapes, CDs, and MP3 players,
all of which are (c) descended from his invention for recording sound. And who, until
recently, would have thought that chlorofluorocarbons, which have been used for decades as
refrigerants, would be eating away the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere?
Given enough experiences of this kind, one gets the idea that every new technology has not
only known and expected benefits and costs but also unknown and unforeseen benefits and
costs. New technologies sometimes even produce consequences exactly the (d) representative
of what they were intended to produce, what the author Edward Tenner calls “revenge
effects.” Powerful new technologies (e) alter the social context in which they arise; they
change the structure of our interests and values; they change the ways in which we think and
work, and they may even change the nature of the communities in which we live.
*devout 독실한 **last will and testament 유언장 ***chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 프레온 가스
책1.indb 88 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18


[20006-0083]
① An Innovation: A Result of Persistence

② Innovation Is Not the Same as Invention
③ What an Invention Brings Is Hard to Tell
④ Social Revolutions Caused by Inventions
⑤ Small Concerns Give Rise to Big Inventions

[20006-0084]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Sentence Structure
homas Edison apparently believed [that the phonograph would be mainly used for recording people’s last wills
T
and testaments] and would undoubtedly be amazed by today’s tapes, CDs, and MP3 players, [all of which are ~
from his invention for recording sound].
주어 Thomas Edison에 이어지는 술어동사는 believed와 would be amazed이다. 첫 번째 [ ]는 believed의 목적어로 쓰인 명사절
이며, 두 번째 [ ]는 today’s tapes, CDs, and MP3 players를 부가적으로 설명하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. i : the act or process of introducing new ideas, devices, or methods

2. u : not predicted or expected
3. r : something you do in order to punish someone who has harmed or offended you
07강 89
책1.indb 89 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18

08
Week
4 강
Exercise 1 어법
[20006-0085]
From its very beginnings, tango showed its changeable profile: first it was simply music
played on piano in houses of dubious reputation. Later it was joined by the guitar, the flute and
the violin as it started to ① be accepted in the more prestigious ballrooms. The great change
in tango was brought about by the arrival of the ‘bandoneon’ squeeze box from Germany, an
instrument which was ② to become emblematic of tango and played by great musicians such as
Astor Piazzolla. Tango is ③ such a wide-ranging rhythm that it can only be compared with jazz,
insofar as its richness and ability to adapt to changing times are concerned. But because tango
is danced and most forms of popular music ④ do not, it invariably ended up in the concert halls
instead of on the streets. In Buenos Aires, you can breathe tango at every corner, and there are
countless tango shows, many including dinner, first-class orchestras, musicals and also ‘milonga’
dances ⑤ where you are taught the ABCs of this passionate rhythm.
*squeeze box 아코디언 **emblematic of ~의 상징이 되는
Sentence Structure
rom its very beginnings, tango showed its changeable profile: first it was simply music [played on piano in
F
houses of dubious reputation].
대명사 it은 모두 tango를 대신한다. [ ]는 music을 수식하는 분사구로 이해할 수 있다.
Word Search
1. d : not good or not of good quality

2. p : respected and admired by people
3. i : always and without exception
책1.indb 90 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18


[20006-0086]
Land transportation systems have become a crucial component of modernity. By speeding

up communications and the transport of goods and people, they have generated a revolution
in contemporary economic and social relations. ① However, incorporating new technology
has not come about without cost: environmental contamination, urban stress and deteriorating
air quality are directly linked to modern land transport systems. ② Above all, transportation
is increasingly associated with the rise in road accidents and premature deaths, as well as
physical and psychological handicaps. ③ It transforms communities and the lives of the
people living in them by stimulating economic development and promoting sustainable
lifestyles. ④ Losses are not limited to reduced worker productivity and trauma affecting a
victim’s private life. ⑤ Equally significant are the rising costs in health services and the added
burden on public finances.
Sentence Structure
owever, incorporating new technology has not come about without cost: [environmental contamination], [urban
H
stress] and [deteriorating air quality] are directly linked to modern land transport systems.
세 개의 [ ]는 명사구이며, 병렬구조를 이루고 있다. 명사구 세 개를 주어로 취하고 있으므로 이어지는 동사는 복수형(are)으로 쓰였다.
Word Search
1. c : one of different parts that something consists of

2. d : to become inferior in quality or value
3. t : a severe injury, usually caused by an upsetting experience
08강 91
책1.indb 91 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18

Week
4 08 강

[20006-0087]
The Westernized “developed” economies are, by a very large margin, the largest markets for
prescription medicines.
(A) T his may be one reason for an increased willingness on the part of multinational
pharmaceutical companies to invest heavily in research and development in these countries
and to offer generous pricing models for drugs that treat infectious diseases such as
malaria.
(B) This situation is now changing because of economic, political and social factors, including
the rise of “venture philanthropy” and new pricing models. Perhaps most significantly,
rapidly growing economies (China, India and Brazil, for example) are sustaining a large
number of people with Western lifestyles and the diseases to match.
(C) It is, therefore, inevitable that any coverage of the biopharmaceutical industry will assume
that its research and development activities are directed almost exclusively at these affluent
nations. The problem for millions of people in the developing world is that treatments for
tropical diseases such as malaria are not economical to develop and that medicines for
“Western” diseases are too expensive.
*pharmaceutical 제약의, 약학의 **philanthropy 자선 사업 ***affluent 부유한
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A) ④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
Sentence Structure
his may be one reason for an increased willingness on the part of multinational pharmaceutical companies [to
T
invest heavily in research and development in these countries and to offer generous pricing models for drugs {that
treat infectious diseases such as malaria}].
[ ]는 an increased willingness ~ companies의 내용을 구체적으로 설명하는 부분이다. to invest ~와 to offer ~는 병렬구조를 이
루고 있다. { }는 drugs를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. w : the quality of being happy to do something if needed
2. i : tending to spread or to affect others
3. a : to believe or think that something is true
책1.indb 92 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18

Exercise 4 어법

[20006-0088]
The relevance of generalized knowledge that is applicable to particular individual

phenomena is especially important in the applied areas of psychology — (A) which / where
the layperson’s and scientist’s perspectives cross paths. Successful application of the basic
knowledge of psychology in particular concrete situations — be those situations examples
of individual or group psychotherapy, of consultation in a business firm, or of dealing with a
troubled adolescent — can be consistent only if the basic scientific basis of these applications
(B) is / are adequate to the reality. Certainly it is possible to achieve occasional practical
success on the basis of inadequate scientific knowledge — as with the many people who
believe in, and try to confirm, predictions (C) made / are made on the basis of horoscopes.
Such occasional success, however, would be based on the particular combination of
circumstances in the case of a concrete application, and need not follow from any adequate
scientific understanding of the phenomenon.
*layperson 비전문가 **horoscope 별점
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① which …… is …… made ② which …… are …… are made
③ where …… is …… made ④ where …… are …… are made
⑤ where …… is …… are made
Sentence Structure
uccessful application of the basic knowledge of psychology in particular concrete situations — [be those
S
situations examples {of individual or group psychotherapy}, {of consultation in a business firm}, or {of dealing
with a troubled adolescent}] — can be consistent ~.
[ ]는 동사원형(be)으로 시작되는 양보의 부사절이며, ‘~이든지 간에’의 의미로 해석할 수 있다. 세 개의 { }는 examples 뒤에 이어지는
전치사구가 나열된 것이다.
Word Search
1. a : affecting a particular situation or group of people

2. o : happening now and then
3. c : a mixture of two or more things combined
08강 93
책1.indb 93 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18

Week
4 08 강
One feature of progress and separation from nature is the growing incidence of physical
inactivity. Hunter-gatherers and farmers expend energy to catch and grow their food; the rest
of us rely on cars and are gradually (a) losing the ability to walk. Physical inactivity (and junk
food) is killing us, and our kids. It also (b) increases the chance of accidental or designed
connection with nature. We know that the natural environment positively affects our mental
states. Is it any surprise to learn that mental ill-health is on the increase just as environments
and biodiversity come under serious threat, just as we seem to stop going there? The World
Health Organization predicts that depression and mental ill-health will be the greatest source
of ill-health worldwide by 2020. Yet green places are good places — from the small patches
in cities to the wide open wildernesses, and there are many ways to (c) engage in green
exercise, from gardening to forest schools to country walks. All these are good for health,
but for many adults are no more than (d) temporary remedial measures, as we dash back to
the rat race. Maybe it is too late for some of us. We have forgotten, and will never reconnect
enough. The real challenge is to get to today’s young children, connect them with nature and
its mysteries early, and (e) prevent the extinction of ecological literacy that will dog us to our
graves.
*rat race 극심한 생존경쟁 **dog (오랫동안) 괴롭히다
책1.indb 94 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:18

5
[20006-0089]
① Natural Resources Under Pressure

② Making Urbanization More Sustainable
③ Time to Get Back in Touch with Nature
④ The Economics of Eco-friendly City Development
⑤ The Scientific Benefits of Spending Time in Nature
6
[20006-0090]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Sentence Structure
I s it any surprise [to learn {that mental ill-health is on the increase just as environments and biodiversity come
under serious threat, just as we seem to stop going there}]?
it은 형식상의 주어이며, [ ]는 내용상의 주어이다. { }는 접속사 that이 이끄는 명사절로, learn의 목적어이다.
Word Search
1. i : the number of times something happens, especially something bad

2. e : to spend or to consume by using
3. r : intended to correct or improve something
08강 95
책1.indb 95 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:19

Week
4 08 강
Exercise 7 어법
[20006-0091]
At the heart of learning ① is good, old-fashioned trial and error. In many areas of learning,
including baseball, writing, and math, we tinker our way toward understanding and
competence. Once we have the glimmerings of an idea about how to proceed, we give ② it
a go, observe the effects and the success, adjust our action, and have another go. We can
rarely figure everything out in advance so well that our first attempt is a surefire success.
③ Watching an engineer sketching a bridge, an athlete adjusting her run-up, a teacher or an
executive polishing their PowerPoint presentations, a child learning to dive, a cook tinkering
with a recipe, and you will see the power of this kind of rehearsing, practicing, and drafting.
Sometimes we know ④ what we want to achieve, and our experiments are refined as we
approach the goal. And sometimes we are just playing with material (as artists do), ideas
(scientists), or bodily movements (choreographers) ⑤ to see what happens.
*tinker 조금씩 개선하다 **glimmering 어렴풋이 나타남 ***choreographer 안무가
Sentence Structure
We can rarely figure everything out in advance so well that our first attempt is a surefire success.
이 문장의 「so ~ that ...」은 ‘…할 정도로 매우 ~’라는 의미를 표현하고 있다.
Word Search
1. p : to begin a course of action

2. c : the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
3. p : to improve a piece of writing, a speech, etc. by making slight changes to it
책1.indb 96 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:19


[20006-0092]
Living butterflies hold their wings in positions that differ from those of mounted museum
specimens. ① For example, an obvious difference is that live grass-skippers spread their
hindwings flat but open their forewings only partially, appearing very different from
completely flat-spread museum specimens. ② A less often noted difference is that when
landed with their wings closed, living skippers fold under the trailing edge of their hindwings,
hiding about one-fifth of the wings. ③ Thus, the shape of the hindwings, especially the length
versus the width, may appear very different in the field than on museum specimens. ④ Most
animals which have a metallic sheen, including some birds and butterflies, owe their unusual
brilliance to structural factors rather than chemical colors. ⑤ In addition, relatively fresh
individuals often have distinctive sheens that are useful for identification; these sheens are
lost upon aging and after death, as are some markings on the butterfly’s body and especially
its eye color.
*specimen 표본 **sheen 윤기
Sentence Structure
less often noted difference is that [when landed {with their wings closed}], living skippers fold under [the
A
trailing edge of their hindwings], [hiding about one-fifth of the wings].
첫 번째 [ ]는 시간을 나타내는 부사절이다. { }는 「with +명사+과거분사」 형태로 their wings가 close의 대상이므로 과거분사형인
closed를 사용하고 있다. 두 번째 [ ]는 fold의 목적어이고 under는 부사이다. 세 번째 [ ]는 분사구문인데, living skippers의 능동적
동작을 나타내기 위해 현재분사형인 hiding을 쓰고 있다.
Word Search
1. m : fixed firmly to a larger thing

2. o : easy to see, recognize, or understand
3. r : in comparison with other similar things or with what you expect
08강 97
책1.indb 97 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:19

Week
4 08 강

[20006-0093]
In terms of parenting, limited funds may restrict parents’ ability, for example, to pay for the
best private schools or to satisfy their children’s demands for the latest gaming console. Yet
constraints need not be exclusively of a financial nature.
(A) In some instances, time constraints can be extreme: some parents migrate without their
families in pursuit of work, enduring separation from their children for years. Limits to
parents’ knowledge and abilities are equally important.
(B) For many parents, the most significant constraints are time and capabilities. Some parents
need to work long hours, cutting down the time they can spend with their children.
(C) Some parents may have the time and resources to care for their children, but fail to
provide them with an appropriate diet because they are unaware of the nutritional
properties of different types of food. Others underestimate the importance of education as
a means of getting on in society and do not put effort into motivating their children to do
well in school.
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)

④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
Sentence Structure
I n some instances, time constraints can be extreme: [some parents migrate without their families in pursuit of
work, {enduring separation from their children for years}].
[ ]는 콜론(:) 앞의 내용을 예를 들어 설명하고 있다. { }는 분사구문인데 enduring을 and they endure와 같이 이해할 수 있다.
Word Search
1. p : the care and upbringing of a child

2. c : something that limits your freedom to do what you want
3. p : an attribute, quality, or characteristic of something
책1.indb 98 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:19

Exercise 10 어법

[20006-0094]
From today’s perspective, it is difficult to imagine the depth of the Great Depression, and
the desperation and deprivation (A) it / which created among people from all walks of
life and social conditions. Complete industries disappeared, the ranks of the unemployed
swelled to unthinkable levels, families lost their life savings and had no one to turn to.
Homes and farms were repossessed by the thousands. Soup kitchens could not serve enough
meals to those going hungry, banks collapsed in rapid succession, and children stopped
(B) going / to go to school. Complete families thought about emigrating, only to find out
that the Depression was a worldwide phenomenon and that relatives who had stayed behind
in the old world were suffering as much as they (C) had / were . Not only that: uncles and
cousins who had gone to faraway places, such as Argentina or Australia, were in even worse
conditions. There were no jobs, no relief, and nowhere to go.
*repossess 압류하다
(A) (B) (C)

① it …… going …… had
② it …… to go …… had
③ it …… going …… were
④ which …… to go …… were
⑤ which …… going …… had
Sentence Structure
omplete industries disappeared, [the ranks of the unemployed] swelled to unthinkable levels, families lost their
C
life savings and had no one [to turn to].
첫 번째 [ ]는 swelled의 주어이며, 「the +형용사」 형태인 the unemployed는 ‘실직자들’이라는 의미이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 no one을 수
식하는 to부정사구이고 whom they could turn to로 이해할 수 있는데, no one은 turn to의 대상이다.
Word Search
1. r : a person connected by blood or marriage

2. p : a particular way of considering something
3. r : help or assistance, as to poor, needy, or distressed people
08강 99
책1.indb 99 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:19

Week
4 08 강
Intelligence is a ‘relative’ or normative construct. One of Alfred Binet’s seminal

contributions to the assessment of intelligence was to introduce the idea that we can best
index intelligence, especially during childhood when rapid (a) cognitive development occurs,
as the individual’s performance in comparison to a reference group (e.g., all six-year-old
children). It is almost universally accepted that one can only (b) quantify an individual’s
intelligence by referring to the reference or norming group. The principal advantage to this
approach is that an individual’s intelligence is indexed in a way that it has the same meaning,
even though norming groups may change from one decade to the next (e.g., in terms of
the core knowledge and skills that are within the capabilities of the (c) larger reference
group). The principal disadvantage to this approach is that it renders comparisons across
norming groups somewhat problematic. For example, it is arguably (d) reasonable to say
that a large sample of today’s 18-year-olds is more or less ‘intelligent’ than a large sample
of 18-year-olds in 1930. The average 18-year-old today has very different knowledge and
skills from the 18-year-old in 1930, in areas of math, science, arts and literature, and so
on. An intelligence test designed for 18-year-olds in 1930 would be expected to yield very
(e) different performance norms if administered today, yet an IQ score for 18-year-olds in
1930 on a then-current test has the same normative meaning as an IQ score for an 18-year-
old today on a current test. The IQ score only tells us the individual’s standing with respect to
other members of the norming sample.
*seminal 중대한, 영향력이 큰 **render (어떤 상태로) 만들다
책1.indb 100 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:19


[20006-0095]
① How Does the Brain Develop?

② How to Improve Your Intelligence
③ What IQ Scores Do and Don’t Represent
④ Intelligence: Nature Rather Than Nurture?
⑤ The Gap Between the Normal and the Abnormal

[20006-0096]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
Sentence Structure
[ One of Alfred Binet’s seminal contributions to the assessment of intelligence] was to introduce the idea [that we
can best index intelligence, especially during childhood {when rapid ~ development occurs}, as the individual’s
performance in comparison to a reference group (e.g., all six-year-old children)].
첫 번째 [ ]는 문장의 주어인데 주어의 핵심어인 One의 수에 맞춰 was가 쓰이고 있다. 두 번째 [ ]는 the idea를 설명하는 동격의 that
절이다. { }는 관계절로서 childhood를 수식하고 있다.
Word Search
1. c : of the present time or most recent

2. y : to supply or produce something positive
3. c : related to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning something
08강 101
책1.indb 101 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:19

09
Week
5 강
Exercise 1 어휘
▶ (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0097]
Scientists hope to someday establish beyond a doubt that aging and all the nefarious
things that go with it can be indefinitely (A) advanced / postponed simply by reducing the
amount of food and calories we consume. Take note that in the prevention of Alzheimer’s
disease, maintaining an ideal weight may not be enough. Studies have shown that the risk
of Alzheimer’s disease is more closely linked to caloric intake than to weight or body mass
index (BMI). This means that a junk food junkie who is blessed with a high metabolic
rate that keeps her from gaining weight may still be at a higher risk for developing a
memory problem. If we consider the logic that explains how caloric restriction exerts its
(B) beneficial / harmful effects on the body and mind, this makes a lot of sense. The amount
of age-accelerating oxygen free radicals generated from our diet is related to the amount
of calories we consume, not to our weight. Thus a person with a high metabolic rate who
consumes greater calories may actually be producing (C) more / less harmful forms of
oxygen than someone with a slower metabolic rate.
*nefarious 못된, 사악한 **oxygen free radical 활성산소
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① advanced …… beneficial …… more ② advanced …… harmful …… less
③ postponed …… beneficial …… less ④ postponed …… harmful …… less
⑤ postponed …… beneficial …… more
Sentence Structure
his means [that a junk food junkie {who is blessed with a high metabolic rate that keeps her from gaining
T
weight} may still be at a higher risk for developing a memory problem].
[ ]는 means의 목적어인 명사절이다. { }는 a junk food junkie를 수식하는 관계절이고 that은 a high metabolic rate를 수식하는
관계절(that keeps ~ gaining weight)을 이끈다.
Word Search
1. p : the action of stopping something from happening or arising

2. i : an amount of food, air, or another substance taken into the body
3. r : the act of limiting or controlling someone or something
책1.indb 102 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:20

Exercise 2 문장 삽입
▶ 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

[20006-0098]
Other countries, including the United States, much of Europe, and increasingly, Asia and
elsewhere have largely adopted a democratic and participatory decision-making process
where literally millions of individual producers and consumers of goods and services
determine what goods, and how many of them, will be produced.
Economies are organized in different ways to answer the question of what is to be produced.
The dispute over the best way to answer this question has inflamed passions for centuries.
( ① ) Should a central planning board make the decisions, as in North Korea and Cuba? ( ② )
Sometimes this highly centralized economic system is referred to as a command economy.
( ③ ) Under this type of regime, decisions about how many tractors or automobiles to produce
are largely determined by a government official or committee associated with the central
planning organization. ( ④ ) That same group decides on the number and size of school
buildings, refrigerators, shoes, and so on. ( ⑤ ) A country that uses such a decentralized
decision-making process is often said to have a market economy.
Sentence Structure
ther countries, including the United States, much of Europe, and increasingly, Asia and elsewhere have largely
O
adopted a democratic and participatory decision-making process [where literally {millions of individual producers
and consumers of goods and services} determine {what goods, and how many of them, will be produced}].
including은 ‘~을 포함해서’라는 의미의 전치사이다. [ ]는 a democratic and participatory decision-making process를 수식
하는 관계절이고, 그 안에 있는 첫 번째 { }는 주어 역할을 하고 두 번째 { }는 목적어 역할을 한다.
Word Search
1. d : an argument or a disagreement between two people, groups or countries

2. o : a person who has a position of authority in a company, organization, or government
3. d : to officially decide something especially because of evidence or facts
09강 103
책1.indb 103 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:20

Week
5 09 강
Exercise 3 요약문 완성
▶ 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0099]
Research with human runners challenged conventional wisdom and found that the ground-
reaction forces (GRFs) at the foot and the shock transmitted up the leg and through the
body after impact with the ground varied little as runners moved from extremely compliant
to extremely hard running surfaces. As a result, researchers gradually began to believe that
runners are subconsciously able to adjust leg stiffness prior to foot strike based on their
perceptions of the hardness or stiffness of the surface on which they are running. This view
suggests that runners create soft legs that soak up impact forces when they are running on
very hard surfaces and stiff legs when they are moving along on yielding terrain. As a result,
impact forces passing through the legs are strikingly similar over a wide range of running
surface types. Contrary to popular belief, running on concrete is not more damaging to the
legs than running on soft sand. *compliant 말랑말랑한 **terrain 지형
As human runners are able to (A) their leg stiffness in response to the surface
hardness, the level of impact forces transmitted to the runner is almost (B) .
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① measure …… moderate ② measure …… measurable
③ maximize …… insufficient ④ regulate …… substantial
⑤ regulate …… constant
Sentence Structure
his view suggests that runners create soft legs [that soak up impact forces when they are running on very hard
T
surfaces] and stiff legs when they are moving along on yielding terrain.
soft legs와 stiff legs는 둘 다 create의 목적어이다. [ ]는 soft legs를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. t : to pass something from one person or place to another

2. i : the act or force of one thing hitting another
3. a : to change (something) in a minor way so that it works better
책1.indb 104 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:20

Exercise 4 어휘
▶ 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

[20006-0100]
The MNM philosophy — Make New Mistakes — recognizes that mistakes are opportunities
to learn. Of course, making the same old mistakes over and over isn’t very smart. We should
learn from our mistakes so that we don’t ① repeat them. Yet making no mistakes isn’t very
smart either. Making no mistakes means that we ② cease to execute a familiar model or
formula; making no mistakes means a lack of creativity and new strategies. Conversely,
making new mistakes means that different activities and directions are being ③ attempted.
We should make mistakes when we try new things; if we don’t do so, then we aren’t being
ambitious enough. The key is to learn from our new mistakes so that we ④ grow as a result
of them. If we want our teachers to learn from their experiences — to actively engage in
anticipating, hypothesis testing, reflecting, and analyzing — they need to know that learning
is ⑤ messy and that it’s all right to feel comfortable when they make a mistake.
Sentence Structure
Of course, [making the same old mistakes over and over] isn’t very smart.
주어 역할을 하는 [ ]가 동명사로 시작하기 때문에 단수로 취급되어 단수형 동사인 is가 쓰였다.
Word Search
1. f : a particular method of doing or achieving something

2. a : to think of something that will or might happen in the future
3. h : an idea or theory that is not proven but that leads to further study or discussion
09강 105
책1.indb 105 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:20

Week
5 09 강
(A)
One beautiful spring day, a farmer was plowing his ground to plant carrots, when a bear
wandered by. The bear was just about to grab (a) him, but the farmer begged, “Don’t hurt
me, Bear. Why don’t we farm together? I’ll do all the work for both of us. You can have
everything that grows above the ground, and I’ll take the roots.” “That sounds fair,” said the
bear. “But you’d better not try to trick me, or you won’t be safe in the woods anymore!”
(B)
“I’m sorry, Bear. I didn’t mean to trick you. Next year you can have all the roots, and I’ll
take what grows above the ground. It’s only fair.” But the next year, the farmer didn’t plant
carrots. Instead, (b) he planted wheat. He figured since he was doing all the work, he should
get the best end of the deal. When it was time to harvest the wheat, the bear showed up again.
The farmer gave the bear all the roots and then loaded the wheat in his wagon.
(C)
When the bear got home, he couldn’t think of anything to do with the roots. He was furious!
He went to the farmer’s house and warned (c) him, “You’ve shown how smart you are,
Farmer. But if you’re really smart, from now on you’ll stay out of my woods!” To this day,
the farmer is always a little nervous when (d) he goes into the woods. And with good reason,
for the bear still hasn’t forgiven the farmer for tricking him.
(D)
The carrots the farmer planted grew to be quite large. At last the day came to harvest them.
When they were all dug up, the farmer said to the bear, “Now let’s divide them evenly. Just
as I promised, you get all the tops, and I get the roots.” The bear was quite pleased with the
huge bundle of carrot leaves he took home. But (e) he was not pleased with their bitter taste.
He returned to the farmer and demanded to taste one of the roots. The bear ate a carrot and
said, “These are sweet and delicious. You’ve tricked me, Farmer. You had better not go in the
woods again!”
책1.indb 106 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:20

5
[20006-0101]
주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
6
[20006-0102]
밑줄 친 (a)∼(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
7
[20006-0103]
윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① 농부는 곰에게 농사를 같이 짓자고 제안했다.

② 농부는 자기가 일을 다 하니 가장 좋은 쪽을 가져야 한다고 생각했다.
③ 곰은 집에 와서 밀의 뿌리로 무엇을 할지 알아냈다.
④ 곰은 많은 양의 당근 잎사귀를 집에 가져갔다.
⑤ 곰은 농부에게 당근 뿌리 하나의 맛을 보겠다고 요구했다.
Sentence Structure
But you’d better not try to trick me, or you won’t be safe in the woods anymore!
had better는 ‘~하는 것이 좋다, ~해야 한다’라는 뜻이고, had better의 부정은 had not better ~가 아니라 had better not ~이다.
or는 ‘그렇지 않으면’이라는 뜻이다.
Word Search
1. b : ‌to ask someone in a very serious and emotional way for something needed or wanted very
much
2. t : to cheat someone by making them believe something which is not true
3. f : to stop feeling angry or resentful about an offense or wrongdoing
09강 107
책1.indb 107 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:20

Week
5 09 강
Exercise 8 어휘

[20006-0104]
Socially anxious people usually feel friendly towards others and certainly have their fair
share of the positive characteristics that other people appreciate. They may have a sense of
fun, be energetic and generous, kind and understanding, serious, amusing, quiet or lively, and
they (A) deliberately / spontaneously behave in these ways when they feel at ease. But feeling
at ease in company is so hard for them, and makes them so anxious, that these qualities
are often hidden from view. The anxiety interferes with their expression, and the ability to
(B) conceal / display them may have gone rusty from lack of use. Indeed, socially anxious
people may have altogether lost belief in their likeable qualities together with their self-
confidence. One of the rewards of learning to overcome social anxiety is that it enables you
to express aspects of yourself that may previously have been stifled, and (C) allows / forbids
you to enjoy, rather than to fear, being yourself.
*stifle 억누르다, 억압하다
(A) (B) (C)

① deliberately …… conceal …… allows
② deliberately …… display …… forbids
③ spontaneously …… display …… allows
④ spontaneously …… display …… forbids
⑤ spontaneously …… conceal …… allows
Sentence Structure
ut [feeling at ease in company] is so hard for them, and makes them so anxious, [that these qualities are often
B
hidden from view].
첫 번째 [ ]는 문장의 주어 역할을 하는 동명사구이고, 두 번째 [ ]는 앞의 so hard와 so anxious 둘 다에 연결이 되어 「so +형용사
+ that +주어+동사」 구문을 이룬다.
Word Search
1. g : characterized by a noble or kindly spirit

2. a : the appearance of someone or something
3. o : to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something
책1.indb 108 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:21

▶ 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

[20006-0105]
But the traded animals themselves arguably bear the risks of the exotic pet trade most
profoundly.
Exotic pets pose a risk to human health and safety, particularly because some infectious
diseases they carry are transmittable to humans. Ecological risks are also significant. ( ① )
Species loss due to the exotic pet trade can be so dramatic that experts have coined the term
“empty forest syndrome” to describe some of these exporting zones. ( ② ) In importing
regions, too, exotic pets can escape or be illegally released into non-native environments,
where they may become invasive. ( ③ ) The most famous case of this is the breeding
population of Burmese pythons now established in the Florida Everglades. ( ④ ) Pre-purchase
mortality rates within the trade are as high as 70 percent for reptiles and some birds, or 80
percent for wild-caught marine fish, with similar mortality rates persisting within the first
year after purchase. ( ⑤ ) Experts argue it is difficult if not impossible to provide adequate
care for exotic pets.
*python 비단뱀
Sentence Structure
xotic pets pose a risk to human health and safety, particularly [because some infectious diseases {they carry} are
E
transmittable to humans].
[ ]는 이유의 부사절이고 { }는 some infectious diseases를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. p : to continue to exist; be prolonged

2. c : to invent or devise a new word or phrase
3. e : originating in or characteristic of a distant foreign country
09강 109
책1.indb 109 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:21

Week
5 09 강
▶ 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0106]
What was arguably the all-time greatest example of selection bias resulted in the
embarrassing 1948 Chicago Tribune headline “Dewey defeats Truman.” In reality, Harry
Truman trounced his opponent. All the major political polls at the time had predicted Thomas
Dewey would be elected president. The Chicago Tribune went to press before the election
results were in, its editors confident that the polls would be correct. The statisticians were
wrong for two reasons. First, they stopped polling too far in advance of the election, and
Truman was especially successful at energizing people in the final days before the election.
Second, the telephone polls conducted tended to favor Dewey because in 1948, telephones
were generally limited to wealthier households, and Dewey was mainly popular among
elite voters. The selection bias that resulted in the infamous Chicago Tribune headline was
accidental, but it shows the danger and potential power — for a stakeholder wanting to
influence hearts and minds by encouraging others to hop on the bandwagon — of selection
bias. *trounce 완파하다
As a good example of selection bias, in the 1948 US presidential election, the Chicago Tribune
incorrectly predicted the results because of the early (A) of the political polls and the
data from telephone polls that were not (B) .
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① closure …… representative ② closure …… anticipated
③ request …… representative ④ release …… anticipated
⑤ release …… shared
Sentence Structure
he Chicago Tribune went to press before the election results were in, [its editors confident that the polls would
T
be correct].
[ ]는 being이 생략된 분사구문으로서, as its editors were confident ~ correct와 비슷한 의미를 나타내고 있다.
Word Search
1. c : to do something in an organized way
2. o : someone who is competing against you
3. f : to give support or confirmation to someone or something
책1.indb 110 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:21

Exercise 11 어휘

[20006-0107]
Despite advances in desktop mapping software, which would ① empower reporters as

mapmakers, news publishers tend to treat maps like photographs and other images — as
illustrations developed by specialists working in an art department outside the news room.
Some newspapers have a ② separate graphics department that is responsible for maps and
other information graphics or a “graphics editor” who mediates between the news desk
and the art department. Elsewhere the integration of illustrations and art relies on informal
③ alliances — inviting the art director to the daily editorial meeting is a common concession.
Because reporters and editors are rarely trained in graphic design and mapmaking, this
division of labor is likely to ④ decline. Even so, some newspapers committed to investigative
reporting ⑤ acquired a geographic information system and made the software available to
reporters covering crime, elections, or the environment. The resulting maps are often team
efforts involving reporters, editors, and graphics specialists.
*concession 양해 사항, 양보
Sentence Structure
ven so, [some newspapers {committed to investigative reporting}] ~ a geographic information system and [made
E
the software available to reporters {covering crime, elections, or the environment}].
첫 번째 [ ]는 문장의 주어이고 첫 번째 { }는 some newspapers를 수식하는 분사구이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 「make +목적어+목적보어(형
용사)」 구문이고 두 번째 { }는 reporters를 수식하는 분사구이다.
Word Search
1. m : to be a means of conveying
2. a : an agreement to work with someone else to try to achieve the same thing
3. c : loyal and willing to give your time and energy to something that you believe in
09강 111
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Week
5 09 강
(A)
At the 2008 Washington State Class 4A Track and Field Championship, Nicole Cochran had
just finished the 3,200-meter race. The defending champion thought she had won. After all,
Cochran — a senior at Bellarmine Prep — seemed to have finished first by more than three
seconds. But then her coach was called to the officials’ tent. The officials said that Cochran
had stepped outside of her lane during one of the turns. Cochran knew she hadn’t done it, but
the ruling was final. (a) She was going to be disqualified.
(B)
Cochran was moved by the gesture. She was pretty astonished. The other runners were
inspired, too. The second-place finisher gave her medal to Nelson. Then the third-place
finisher gave her medal to the second-place runner, and so on down the line. Finally, a girl
named Lyndy Davis from Monroe High School gave her eighth-place medal away. That
meant she wouldn’t be receiving one at all. “It gave (b) me chills,” said Cochran. “It shows
how much respect distance runners have for each other.”
(C)
Cochran competed in two more events, including the 800-meter race. She finished in eighth
place. Afterward, she found Lyndy Davis and gave (c) her the eighth-place medal. “After what
she had done, I didn’t want her to go home from the meet in her senior year without a medal,”
said Cochran. Then, 10 days after the competition, officials decided the original ruling had
been wrong. Cochran was formally named the 3,200-meter champ.
(D)
Almost everybody, including the other runners, believed the judge had made a mistake.
Still, the title was awarded to the runner-up, Andrea Nelson from Shadle Park High. Nelson
wasn’t happy about it. In fact, she was upset. She had been running in the lane next to
Cochran’s, and she knew Cochran had run a clean race. “That’s not how I wanted to win the
state championship,” said Nelson. “It wasn’t fair. (d) She deserved it. She totally crushed
everybody.” So as the eight top finishers took their places on the podium to receive their
medals, Nelson made a decision. She stepped off the podium, walked over to Cochran, and
placed the first-place medal around her neck. “It’s (e) your medal,” she said.
*runner-up 차점자, 2위 선수 **podium 시상대
책1.indb 112 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:21

12 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0108]
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
13 밑줄 친 (a)∼(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

[20006-0109]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
14 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?

[20006-0110]
① Cochran은 자신이 우승했다고 생각했다.

② Lyndy는 자신의 메달을 다른 선수에게 내주었다.
③ Cochran은 800m 경주에 참가했다.
④ 심판들은 Cochran의 실격 판정을 번복했다.
⑤ Nelson은 Cochran의 우승에 속상해했다.
Sentence Structure
After all, Cochran — a senior at Bellarmine Prep — seemed to have finished first by more than three seconds.
과거형인 seemed보다 이전의 사실을 나타내기 위해 완료형 부정사인 to have finished가 쓰였다. 전치사 by의 의미는 ‘~ 차이로’이다.
Word Search
1. r : an official decision, especially one made by a judge

2. s : a student in their final year of high school or university
3. c : ‌a sensation of coldness resulting from a cold or damp environment, or from a sudden
emotional reaction
09강 113
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10
Week
5 강
Exercise 1 어휘

[20006-0111]
One of the great risks of writing is that even the simplest of choices regarding wording
or punctuation can sometimes prejudice your audience against you in ways that may seem
① unfair. For example, look again at the old grammar rule ② allowing the splitting of
infinitives. After decades of telling students to never split an infinitive (something just done in
this sentence), most composition experts now concede that a split infinitive is not a grammar
crime. Suppose you have written a position paper trying to convince your city council of the
need to hire security personnel for the library, and half of the council members — the people
you wish to convince — remember their eighth-grade grammar teacher’s ③ warning about
splitting infinitives. How will they respond when you tell them, in your introduction, that
librarians are compelled “to always accompany” visitors to the rare book room because of
the threat of vandalism? How much of their attention have you suddenly ④ lost because of
their automatic recollection of what is now a nonrule? It is possible, in other words, to write
correctly and still ⑤ offend your readers’ notions of your language competence.
*infinitive 부정사 **concede 인정하다 ***vandalism (공공 기물의) 파손
Sentence Structure
ow will they respond when you tell them, in your introduction, [that librarians are compelled “to always
H
accompany” visitors to the rare book room because of the threat of vandalism]?
[ ]는 tell의 직접목적어이다. 「are compelled to ~」는 ‘~해야 한다’라는 의미이다.
Word Search
1. p : ‌to influence someone so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about someone or
something
2. s : to divide or cause to divide into parts or elements
3. n : an idea, belief, or opinion
책1.indb 114 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:21


[20006-0112]
Yet this is clearly not the whole truth: we are often upset when we fail, we put in considerable
effort to avoid failure while playing a game, and we will even show anger toward those who
foiled our clever in-game plans.
While we dislike failing in our regular endeavors, games are an entirely different thing, a
safe space in which failure is okay, neither painful nor the least unpleasant. ( ① ) The phrase
“It’s just a game” suggests that this would be the case. ( ② ) And we do often take what
happens in a game to have a different meaning from what is outside a game. ( ③ ) To prevent
other people from achieving their goals is usually hostile behavior that may end friendships,
but we regularly prevent other players from achieving their goals when playing friendly
games. ( ④ ) Games, in this view, are something different from the regular world, a frame in
which failure is not the least distressing. ( ⑤ ) In other words, we often argue that in-game
failure is something harmless and neutral, but we repeatedly fail to act accordingly.
*foil 저지하다
Sentence Structure
hile we dislike failing in our regular endeavors, games are an entirely different thing, a safe space [in which
W
failure is okay, neither painful nor the least unpleasant].
[ ]는 a safe space를 수식한다. 「neither A nor B」는 ‘A도 아니고 B도 아닌’을 의미한다.
Word Search
1. c : fairly large, especially large enough to have an effect or be important

2. h : angry and deliberately unfriendly towards someone, and ready to argue with them
3. r : over and over again; constantly
10강 115
책1.indb 115 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:22

Week
5 10 강

[20006-0113]
Emotions can easily intrude upon the most simple messages. Some people can send us
letters and e-mail messages that are clearly hostile or nasty and tempt us to respond in kind.
At times maybe we should. How would you feel if you received this message? Whose job do
you think you can do better? Mine or yours? Most likely you’d feel like socking the person
who sent it. There are certainly people who can push us over the edge of civilized decorum.
The question is how to respond to them. In this case, perhaps it’s best not to respond at all.
The writer is clearly upset and resentful, perhaps even insecure about something you may
have said or suggested. If you receive an unsettling message such as this, do not respond
immediately. No matter how justified or outraged you feel, your emotions will get the better
of your ability to express your thoughts and, ironically enough, you may end up appearing the
aggressor. *intrude upon ~에 침범하다 **sock 세게 치다 ***decorum 예의, 점잖음
When you get a letter or email message that is (A) , the best policy you can adopt is to
(B) it.
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① disrespectful …… ignore ② thoughtless …… criticize
③ incomprehensible …… correct ④ motivational …… affirm
⑤ businesslike …… avoid
Sentence Structure
he writer is clearly upset and resentful, perhaps even insecure about something [you may have said or
T
suggested].
upset, resentful, insecure는 모두 The writer의 상태를 설명하고 있다. [ ]는 something을 수식한다.
Word Search
1. t : to try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive
2. r : feeling angry and upset about something that you think is unfair
3. u : making you feel nervous or worried
책1.indb 116 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:22

Exercise 4 어휘

[20006-0114]
Within my family, obtaining a university degree was never presented as a choice. I was
exceptionally lucky because my parents always (A) cultivated / suppressed in my sister
and me deep admiration for academic and professional achievement. As I grew up, my
parents would repeat again and again that education was an investment that would always
(B) reduce / yield returns. They convinced us that knowledge was the one thing in life
nobody could take away from you. Money, properties, even loved ones could disappear. But
not knowledge. This thinking had acquired greater meaning in our new context as recent
immigrants (C) lacking / facing significant scarcity. In these circumstances, the promise of
a better life depended on my parents’ ability to exercise their professions in the United States
and on the education my sister and I could obtain. There seemed to be no American Dream
without a college degree.
(A) (B) (C)

① cultivated …… yield …… lacking
② cultivated …… yield …… facing
③ cultivated …… reduce …… lacking
④ suppressed …… reduce …… facing
⑤ suppressed …… yield …… facing
Sentence Structure
They convinced us [that knowledge was the one thing in life {nobody could take away from you}].
[ ]는 convinced의 직접목적어 역할을 한다. { }는 the one thing in life를 수식한다.
Word Search
1. o : to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work
2. a : a feeling of great respect and liking for something or someone
3. i : someone who enters another country to live there permanently
10강 117
책1.indb 117 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:22

Week
5 10 강
While she was going to Elanor Hales’s place, Anika kept thinking about the baby elephant.
‘Would he still be alive?’ she thought. As soon as the car stopped at Elanor Hales’s place,
Anika burst out of the car. She was in a hurry to see if the baby elephant was still alive. Then
she saw an older woman who was standing with her arm around an eland, a large African
antelope. She was talking to some people and patting the eland. She looked over at Anika
and then walked over. She was barefoot. The eland followed (a) her. “You must be Anika,”
she said. “I’m Elanor Hales.” Her voice was very English, clipped, and no-nonsense. (b) She
had kind eyes. Anika blurted, “Is he still alive? Is the baby elephant still alive? Can I see
him?” Mrs. Hales laughed and said, “Yes, he is. He’s still weak, but he has a good chance of
surviving.” A sense of comfort filled Anika. “I’ve named him Kioko. I will show you around,”
Mrs. Hales said.
Mrs. Hales took Anika to where they were taking care of elephants. There were two other
small elephants. All of them were having a mud bath out front. Kioko was there. An animal
caretaker was rubbing cool, muddy water behind Kioko’s ear. Kioko leaned against (c) her
and touched her with his trunk. Anika wanted to go pet Kioko, but Mrs. Hales said no. (d) She
said Kioko needed to feel peacefully secure. It wouldn’t be good for strangers to pet him yet.
Mrs. Hales explained that baby elephants die unless they feel safe and get lots of attention.
The tiny ones used to die, even with lots of attention.
After having tea in the veranda, it was time for Anika to leave. She looked at Elanor Hales
and said “Mrs. Hales, is there any chance I could work with you?” Mrs. Hales raised her
eyebrows. “What do you mean by work?” (e) she asked. “Anything there is to do. I could
learn immense amounts from you,” Anika said. “Well,” Mrs. Hales said in a dry voice, “what
good would you be to me? I have workers already who know the animals.” Anika shrugged
and raised her hands. Mrs. Hales laughed, “Write to me. I’ll consider it.” She shook Anika’s
hand and said goodbye.
*antelope 영양(주로 아프리카나 아시아에서 볼 수 있는 사슴 비슷한 동물) **blurt 불쑥 말하다
책1.indb 118 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:22

5
[20006-0115]
윗글의 첫 문단에 드러난 Anika의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
① worried → relieved
② sorrowful → angry
③ ashamed → hopeful
④ embarrassed → satisfied
⑤ anxious → depressed
6
[20006-0116]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
7
[20006-0117]
윗글의 Mrs. Hales에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① Anika가 처음 보았을 때 일런드에 팔을 두르고 서 있었다.

② Anika를 보자 맨발로 그녀 쪽으로 걸어왔다.
③ 아기 코끼리에게 Kioko라는 이름을 붙여주었다.
④ Anika가 아기 코끼리를 만지지 못하게 했다.
⑤ 자신의 일을 도와 달라고 Anika에게 부탁했다.
Sentence Structure
Mrs. Hales explained [that baby elephants die unless they {feel safe} and {get lots of attention}].
[ ]는 explained의 목적어 역할을 한다. 두 개의 { }가 and에 의해 연결되어 주어 they에 공통으로 이어진다.
Word Search
1. b : without shoes on your feet

2. s : to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness
3. t : the very long nose of an elephant
10강 119
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Week
5 10 강
Exercise 8 어휘

[20006-0118]
Avoid the myth that writing is easier at the last minute. It’s a popular, but dangerous myth.
Last-minute deadlines are more ① likely to create stress that can paralyze your thinking and
ability to write. You may feel “energized” by the stress, but the stress also ② undermines
your ability to make logical connections and correct choices while writing. Inevitably, last-
minute writing results in embarrassing mistakes, omissions, and a lack of ③ clarity. Finish
a day ahead of time, and review your work the next day. Never post, publish, or submit a
project immediately after you finish writing. Instead, put it aside for an hour, or — even
better — overnight. Then, carefully review what you’ve written. Always read what you’ve
written out loud. Reading out loud will ④ conceal errors and omissions that you didn’t notice
the previous day. Reading out loud helps you locate run-on sentences, awkward phrases, and
⑤ unnecessary ideas.
*run-on sentence 무종지문(2개 이상의 문장이나 독립된 절을 접속사 없이 연결한 것)
Sentence Structure
Never post, publish, or submit [a project] [immediately after you finish writing].
「Never +동사원형」은 ‘절대로 ~하지 말라’라는 뜻이다. 첫 번째 [ ]는 post, publish, submit의 공통 목적어이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 부사절
이며 immediately after는 ‘~ 직후에’라는 뜻이다.
Word Search
1. d : a time or day by which something must be done

2. p : to make someone or something unable to function, act, or move
3. c : the quality of being clear and easy to understand
책1.indb 120 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:22


[20006-0119]
So maybe music is really just another language, with its own meaning; but there IS something
more magical about music than about any other language.
Composers compose music. They write down a series of dots and lines on a page; then
performers come along with their instruments and voices, look at the dots and lines on the page,
and make sounds from them. It’s all very mysterious. Or is it? ( ① ) After all, these words
you’re reading are just another series of dots and lines; you know what they mean, so you can
look at them and make sounds (and sense) from them. ( ② ) The range of sounds is far, far
huger than that of any spoken language; and because they aren’t tied to any specific meaning,
the sounds can express much more. ( ③ ) There’s no musical sound meaning ‘sausage’ or ‘dirty
laundry’, for instance. ( ④ ) On the other hand, a musical sentence, or phrase, can sound
happy, sad, thoughtful, nostalgic and eager — all at the same time! ( ⑤ ) Words would get
exhausted if they tried to express as many meanings as that.
Sentence Structure
he range of sounds is far, far huger than [that of any spoken language]; and because they aren’t tied to any
T
specific meaning, the sounds can express much more.
far와 much는 각각 비교급 huger와 more 앞에서 ‘훨씬 ~’이라는 뜻을 표현한다. 강조하기 위해서 far를 거듭해서 두 번 쓴 것이다.
[ ]에서 that은 the range를 대신한다.
Word Search
1. d : a very small round mark

2. l : the dirty clothes and sheets that need to be, are being, or have been washed
3. e : wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable
10강 121
책1.indb 121 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:22

Week
5 10 강

[20006-0120]
In judging that a particular explanation is the best one, you need to compare it with other
possible explanations; and the more alternatives you are able to imagine, the better your
judgement is likely to be. In science, a chemist working with the same data as their colleagues
may reject an ‘obvious’ explanation of the phenomena because they have the intellectual ability
to imagine a range of different explanations and the judgement to be able to choose between
them. Similarly, when you make a moral judgement about someone’s behaviour, not only do
you need to look at what they actually did, but you also need to imagine what they could have
done. If someone does something bad, your judgement is likely to be harsher if you think there
were better choices available to them, and more lenient if you think they really had no choice.
*lenient 관대한
Considering many different (A) to explanations and behaviours of others influences on

your (B) of others and situations.
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① obstacles …… discoveries ② obstacles …… judgements
③ objections …… elaboration ④ alternatives …… judgements
⑤ alternatives …… discoveries
Sentence Structure
I n science, [a chemist working with the same data as their colleagues] may reject an ‘obvious’ explanation of
the phenomena [because they have the intellectual ability {to imagine a range of different explanations} and the
judgement {to be able to choose between them}].
첫 번째 [ ]가 문장의 주어이다. 두 번째 [ ]는 ‘~이기 때문에’라는 뜻의 because로 시작되는 부사절이다. 두 번째 [ ]에서 { }는 각각
the intellectual ability와 the judgement의 구체적인 내용을 설명한다.
Word Search
1. e : the details or reasons that someone gives to make something clear or easy to understand
2. c : a person who studies chemistry, or a scientist who works with chemicals or studies their reactions
3. h : unpleasant, unkind, cruel, or more severe than is necessary
책1.indb 122 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:23

Exercise 11 어휘

[20006-0121]
Solving the productivity problem is a double-edged sword. As soon as the business

sector raises productivity and salaries start to rise in absolute terms, wage disparities
between poorly trained and highly trained workers are likely to become more
(A) pronounced / unnoticed . While the rising tide of higher salaries will lift more people
above the poverty line, the income differences among different sectors of society are likely
to grow. As companies strive to become more productive as well as more innovative in
differentiating their products from their competitors, they will increasingly either spin off low-
paying, low-value jobs to Third World countries or (B) eliminate / embrace them altogether
through automation. The remaining high-value, high-paying jobs are thus likely to require
an increasingly well-educated labor force. In an economy dominated by innovation and mass
customization, the highly skilled and the highly trained are likely to (C) prosper / shrink .
*disparity 차이, 격차 **spin off ~을 분리하다
(A) (B) (C)

① pronounced …… eliminate …… prosper
② pronounced …… eliminate …… shrink
③ pronounced …… embrace …… prosper
④ unnoticed …… embrace …… shrink
⑤ unnoticed …… embrace …… prosper
Sentence Structure
[While the rising tide of higher salaries will lift more people above the poverty line], [{the income differences
among different sectors of society} are likely to grow].
첫 번째 [ ]는 부사절이고 두 번째 [ ]가 주절이다. 두 번째 [ ]에서 { }가 주어이다.
Word Search
1. p : the ratio of the quantity and quality of units produced to the labor per unit of time
2. d : to make someone or something different
3. d : to have control over a place or person
10강 123
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Week
5 10 강
(A)
Once upon a time there was a woman named June. June was the widow of a successful
entrepreneur. Over a period of twenty-six years her late husband, Walter, had built a family-
owned corner drugstore into a chain of fifty-eight stores with annual sales in excess of 326
million dollars. June and Walter were the parents of a single child, Michael. As Michael grew
toward adulthood, his mother assumed that Michael would follow in his father’s footsteps. As
president and CEO, Michael would fulfill (a) his father’s vision of one hundred stores with
annual sales of over four hundred million dollars. This, June believed, was the only course
her son’s life could take.
(B)
Michael arrived early for their appointment. Rather than being reluctant to talk, Michael
jumped right into the reasons for (b) his decision. Michael explained, “There was a time when
I would have loved nothing more than to run my father’s business. As a boy, I idealized my
dad. I wanted to please him. I wanted to hear him say he was proud of me. But you need to
understand the relationship. My father was a driven man who came up the hard way. He was
determined to teach me self-reliance, but his method was demoralizing. He thought the best
way to teach me self-reliance was to never encourage or praise (c) me. He wanted me to be
tough and independent.”
(C)
June was to be disappointed. When Michael completed undergraduate school, he announced
(d) he would not be entering the family business. Upset and worried, June sought the
advice of an old family friend. The old friend, who happened to be a retired high school
principal, listened patiently as June wandered through various stages of grief — denial,
anger, depression, and back to anger. June’s pain was not new to the former principal. He had
witnessed this frustration in other parents. Knowing June’s disappointment was genuine, he
agreed to talk with Michael.
(D)
“Two or three times a week, we played catch. Sometimes we would play catch with a
baseball, at other times with a football. Either way, the goal was always the same. I was to
catch the ball ten times straight. I would catch that ball eight or nine times, but always on the
tenth, (e) he would do anything to make me miss. He would throw it on the ground or over
my head, but always so I had little chance of catching it.” Michael paused for a long moment
and then finished, “He never let me catch the tenth ball — never! No matter how hard I
tried, he always set me up to fail. And I guess that’s why I have to get away from my father’s
business; I want to catch the tenth ball.”
책1.indb 124 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:23


[20006-0122]
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
13 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

[20006-0123]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

[20006-0124]
① June의 남편은 성공을 거둔 기업가였다.

② June은 Michael이 가업을 이어받을 것으로 여겼다.
③ Michael은 어렸을 때 아버지를 이상형으로 여기지 않았다.
④ June은 친구에게 아들 문제에 대해 조언을 구했다.
⑤ Michael은 아버지와 캐치볼을 하곤 했다.
Sentence Structure
He thought [{the best way to teach me self-reliance} was {to never encourage or praise me}].
[ ]가 thought의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다. [ ]에서 첫 번째 { }가 주어이며 두 번째 { }가 주격보어이다.
Word Search
1. i : to think of or represent someone or something as perfect

2. t : strong; not easily broken or made weaker or defeated
3. p : the person in charge of a school
10강 125
책1.indb 125 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:23

11
Week
6 강
Exercise 1 어휘

[20006-0125]
To many people, having a goal is synonymous with commitment, and commitment to a

goal — in turn — is nearly synonymous with success. Legendary boxer Muhammad Ali once
remarked, “I hated every minute of training but I said, ‘Don’t quit. Suffer now and live the
rest of your life as a champion.’” And there you have it — the clear sentiment that doubling
down on goals is more likely to lead to (A) success / wrongdoing . Quitting, on the other
hand, is reserved for the morally and physically weak. As you might guess, we challenge
the notion that giving up (an indisputable psychological discomfort, by the way) is so
(B) awful / beneficial . Blind devotion to goals has led to, among other things, “gold fever,”
most often associated with the California Gold Rush, when miners expended enormous
physical, emotional, and financial capital in their fruitless pursuit of riches. In fact, researcher
Eva Pomerantz of the University of Illinois argues that heavy investment in a goal can erode
a person’s psychological quality of life by creating a spike in their anxiety. This is especially
true when people push themselves by focusing on the potential negative impact of not
(C) abandoning / achieving their goals.
(A) (B) (C)

① success …… awful …… abandoning
② success …… awful …… achieving
③ success …… beneficial …… abandoning
④ wrongdoing …… awful …… abandoning
⑤ wrongdoing …… beneficial …… achieving
Sentence Structure
Blind devotion to goals has led to, among other things, “gold fever,” [most often associated with the California
Gold Rush, {when miners expended ~ in their fruitless pursuit of riches}].
[ ]는 “gold fever”를 부연 설명하는 분사구문이고, { }는 the California Gold Rush를 부연 설명하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. i : impossible to question or argue with

2. c : to refuse to accept that something is right, fair, or legal
3. c : the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, activity, etc.
책1.indb 126 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:12


[20006-0126]
For example, in November 2008, the inappropriately named International Commission for the
Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) set a catch quota for bluefin tuna that is nearly 50 per
cent higher than its own scientists advise.
Our insatiable appetite for seafood, coupled with the brutal efficiency of our industrial
fishing technologies, has wreaked havoc. ( ① ) But above all, it has been a combination of
government weakness, industrial greed and a scientific community lacking the courage to
sound the alarm that has resulted in one of the greatest ecological tragedies of our time. ( ② )
Decision-makers have routinely ignored the warning signs. ( ③ ) The reason is that they have
been frightened of upsetting the ‘fishing lobby’. ( ④ ) As a result, they have set hopelessly
unrealistic quotas, and have gone out of their way to appease industrial fishing companies.
( ⑤ ) Citing concern for jobs, livelihoods and consumer interest, politicians have brought fish
stocks to the brink of collapse, and by their failure, they threaten the very people in whose
interests they claim to be acting.
*insatiable 만족할 줄 모르는 **wreak havoc 많은 문제를 초래하다 ***appease 요구를 들어주다
Sentence Structure
But above all, it has been [a combination of {government weakness}, {industrial greed} and {a scientific
community lacking the courage to sound the alarm}] that has resulted in one of the greatest ecological tragedies
of our time.
「it is ~ that ...」 강조 구문이 사용되어 [ ]를 강조하고 있다. 세 개의 { }는 a combination of에 연결된다.
Word Search
1. g : a strong wish to have more money, things, or power than you need
2. l : something such as your work that provides the money that you need to live
3. c : to mention something as an example, explanation, or proof of something else
11강 127
책1.indb 127 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:12

Week
6 11 강

[20006-0127]
We live in times when speed of reaction often takes precedence over slower and more
cautious assessments. As we become more attuned to ‘real time’ events and media, we
inevitably end up placing more trust in sensation and emotion than in evidence. Knowledge
becomes more valued for its speed and impact than for its cold objectivity, and emotive
falsehood often travels faster than fact. In situations of physical danger, where time is of the
essence, rapid reaction makes sense. But the influence of ‘real time’ data now extends well
beyond matters of security. News, financial markets, friendships and work engage us in a
constant flow of information, making it harder to stand back and construct a more reliable
portrait of any of them. The threat lurking in this is that otherwise peaceful situations can
come to feel dangerous, until eventually they really are.
*lurk 잠재하다, 숨어 있다
Since (A) reaction is more valued in our times, an (B) perspective is hard to
obtain and we feel more insecure than we should.
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① accurate …… empirical ② immediate …… innovative
③ immediate …… objective ④ thoughtful …… innovative
⑤ thoughtful …… objective
Sentence Structure
‌[As we become more attuned to ‘real time’ events and media], we inevitably end up placing more trust [in
sensation and emotion] than [in evidence].
첫 번째 [ ]는 As가 이끄는 부사절로 As는 ‘~함에 따라’라는 뜻으로 쓰였다. 두 번째 [ ]와 세 번째 [ ]가 than으로 비교되고 있다.
Word Search
1. c : taking care to avoid danger or bad situations

2. r : happening or moving very quickly
3. r : able to be trusted or believed
책1.indb 128 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:13

Exercise 4 어휘

[20006-0128]
Quite often, a party seeking to show statistical significance combines data from different
sources to ① create larger numbers, and hence greater significance for a given disparity.
Conversely, a party seeking to avoid finding significance disaggregates data insofar as
possible. In a discrimination suit brought by female faculty members of a medical school,
plaintiffs aggregated faculty data over several years, while the school based its statistics on
separate departments and separate years. The argument for disaggregation is that pooled data
may be quite ② misleading. A well-known study showed that at the University of California at
Berkeley female applicants for graduate admissions were accepted at a lower rate than male
applicants. When the figures were broken down by department, however, it appeared that in
most departments the women’s acceptance rate was ③ higher than the men’s. The reason for
the reversal was that women applied in greater numbers to departments with lower acceptance
rates than to the departments to which men ④ predominantly applied. The departments were
therefore variables that ⑤ evidenced the association between sex and admission.
*disaggregate 구성요소로 분해하다 **plaintiff (민사 소송의) 원고
Sentence Structure
The reason for the reversal was [that women applied in greater numbers {to departments with lower acceptance
rates} than {to the departments to which men ~ applied}].
[ ]는 주격보어 역할을 하는 명사절이다. 두 개의 { }는 women applied에 이어진다.
Word Search
1. r : a change to an opposite arrangement, process, or way of doing something

2. m : intended or likely to make someone believe something that is incorrect or not true
3. p : ‌a person or group involved in something such as an agreement or disagreement, especially a
contract or legal case, with another person or group
11강 129
책1.indb 129 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:13

Week
6 11강
(A)
Professor Povzner taught a course at the Military Academy for Engineers. He walked
into a class one day, ready to start his lecture with a routine spiel about Russian primacy in
mathematics, and then settle down to a serious session of really teaching mathematics. But to
(a) his alarm, the minute he got up in front of the class he saw that among the audience was a
general, the chief of the Academy.
*spiel 과장된 연설
(B)
Only then did poor Povzner realize what he had said. The unspoken question hung in the
air: If all the evidence of Russian primacy in this science was burned, how in the world did
the professor himself know the history of pre-invasion mathematics? He was ready to panic
when, unexpectedly, the general smiled at (b) him sympathetically, turned around, and left.
This high-ranking commander was a clever and decent person; otherwise Professor Povzner
would have been in deep trouble.
(C)
Povzner saw that one of the students had raised his hand. The student said, ‘This is so
interesting, about medieval Russian mathematics. Could you tell us, please, where we could
get more information about it — what the reference books would be? I would like to learn
more.’ Having no time to think, the professor immediately answered: ‘Well, that’s impossible!
All the archives were burned during the Tatar invasion!’ When the class was over, the general
got up slowly from his seat. Then (c) he came up to the lecturer and said, ‘So, Professor...
All the archives were burned?’
*archive 기록 보관소
(D)
Povzner pulled up short and decided that he had better devote the whole lecture to the
subject of early Russian genius in mathematics. Luckily, (d) he was a very talented man,
good at thinking on his feet, so on the spur of the moment he invented a wonderful lecture on
Russian mathematics in the twelfth century. (e) He engaged in flights of fancy for the entire
hour, stopping only five minutes before the end to ask, as was customary, ‘Are there any
questions?’
책1.indb 130 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:13

5
[20006-0129]
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
6
[20006-0130]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
7
[20006-0131]
윗글의 Professor Povzner에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① 수업에서 러시아 수학의 탁월함을 이야기하곤 했다.

② 장군의 노여움을 사서 심각한 곤경에 처하게 되었다.
③ 중세 러시아 수학 기록 보관소가 모두 불에 탔다고 말했다.
④ 변경된 주제에 수업 시간 전체를 할애하기로 결정했다.
⑤ 수업이 끝나기 전에 질문을 받는 시간을 가졌다.
Sentence Structure
But to his alarm, the minute he got up in front of the class he saw [that among the audience was {a general}, {the
chief of the Academy}].
「the minute +주어+동사」는 ‘~하자마자’라는 의미를 나타낸다. [ ]는 saw의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이며 그 안에서 부사구(among
the audience)가 절의 앞에 쓰이면서 주어(a general, the chief of the Academy)와 동사(was)가 도치되었다. 두 개의 { }는 서로
동격을 이루는 명사(구)이다.
Word Search
1. c : usual in a particular society or situation

2. i : an occasion when one country’s army goes into another country to take control of it by force
3. p : ‌to have a sudden strong feeling of fear or worry and be unable to think clearly or calmly or
decide what to do
11강 131
책1.indb 131 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:13

Week
6 11 강
Exercise 8 어휘

[20006-0132]
When romantic partners lie to each other they do so relatively often by concealing
information. There are several reasons as to why liars prefer concealments. First of all,
they are difficult to (A) control / detect . Once information is provided, lie detectors can
verify the accuracy of this information by searching for further evidence that supports or
contradicts it. In the case of concealments, however, no information is given. Moreover,
concealing information is relatively (B) demanding / easy . When telling an outright lie or
when exaggerating, a liar should invent a story that sounds plausible, whereas nothing needs
to be invented when concealing information. Another (C) advantage / problem with telling
an outright lie or exaggerating is that liars need to remember the details they provided in case
the topic of the lie comes up on subsequent occasions. However, they don’t need to remember
anything if they don’t provide information (concealment).
(A) (B) (C)

① control …… demanding …… advantage
② control …… easy …… advantage
③ detect …… demanding …… problem
④ detect …… easy …… problem
⑤ control …… easy …… problem
Sentence Structure
Another ~ with telling an outright lie or exaggerating is [that liars need to remember the details {they provided} {in
case the topic of the lie comes up on subsequent occasions}].
[ ]는 보어로 쓰인 명사절이다. [ ]에서 첫 번째 { }는 the details를 수식하는 관계절이며, 두 번째 { }는 ‘~에 대비하여’를 뜻하는 in
case가 이끄는 부사절이다.
Word Search
1. v : to prove, show, find out, or state that something is true or correct

2. c : to disagree with something, especially by saying that the opposite is true
3. p : reasonable and likely to be true or successful
책1.indb 132 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:13


[20006-0133]
It is a long-established principle that all areas such as scene, victim, vehicle, and suspect
should be dealt with by separate scene investigators.
Control of the crime scene is obviously important. This can be done by establishing the
boundary of the scene (be it a location, item, or person) and protecting it. The establishment
of a cordon at a major crime scene, marking it with incident tape and protecting it with police
officers, is the common practice. ( ① ) The same principles apply if the examination is that
of a person (a suspect, victim, or witness), recovered vehicle, or any other item. ( ② ) The
recording of the names of those who enter and leave the defined scene (or come into contact
with it) and at what time maintains the integrity of the scene management process. ( ③ ) The
scene or investigation also extends to persons removed from the scene and those who may
be potentially connected with it. ( ④ ) The availability of trained crime scene investigators to
examine such scenes may not always be adequate. ( ⑤ ) But at some stage, most often in the
laboratory, items will be examined and compared by the same scientist, where systems are
also required to ensure that there is no contamination.
*cordon (경찰이 진입을 통제하는) 저지선
Sentence Structure
But at some stage, most often in the laboratory, items will be examined and compared by the same scientist, [where
systems are also required to ensure {that there is no contamination}].
[ ]는 앞에서 언급한 내용에 대한 부가적인 설명을 제공하는 관계절이며, { }는 ensure의 목적어로 쓰인 명사절이다.
Word Search
1. i : an unexpected and usually unpleasant thing that happens

2. i : the state of being complete or whole
3. c : ‌the act of making something impure or unsuitable by contact with something unclean, bad,
etc.
11강 133
책1.indb 133 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:14

Week
6 11 강

[20006-0134]
In a study, 77 undergraduate students were interviewed. During these interviews, they were
presented with various events (e.g., falling on their head, getting a painful wound, or being
sent to a hospital emergency room). They were told that, according to their parents, these
events had occurred in their childhood. The interviewer gave further details about the events
supposedly given by the parents. Unknown to the interviewees, the events were invented by
the researchers and had never happened to the participants according to their parents. Guided
imagery instructions were given to the participants to help them generate images for the false
event (e.g., “Visualize what it might have been like and the memory will probably come back
to you”). Results indicated that 26% of students “recovered” a complete memory for the false
event, and another 30% recalled aspects of the false experience.
The fact that more than half of the interviewees in the study were influenced by the
(A) childhood incidents shows that people can be (B) of memory error.
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① restored …… witnesses ② restored …… victims
③ faked …… victims ④ obscured …… skeptics
⑤ faked …… skeptics
Sentence Structure
During these interviews, they were presented with various events (e.g., falling on their head, getting a painful
wound, or being sent to a hospital emergency room).
they는 77 undergraduate students를 가리키며, present의 대상이므로 수동태(were presented)가 쓰였으며, falling ~, getting ~,
being ~은 동명사구로 병렬구조를 이루고 있다.
Word Search
1. u : a student at a college or university who has not yet earned a degree
2. w : an injury to your body that is made by a weapon such as a knife or a bullet
3. v : to form a mental picture of someone or something
책1.indb 134 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:14

Exercise 11 어휘

[20006-0135]
Noise is often thought to affect performance, as anyone who has tried to concentrate in a
noisy environment can attest. High intensity noise clearly is related to a generalized stress
response. However, the effects of noise on performance are far from ① clear-cut. In general,
task performance is only impaired at very high noise intensities. Performance ② deficits are
particularly obvious for difficult or demanding tasks. Simple or routine tasks, on the other
hand, are typically not affected by noise, and sometimes noise ③ increases performance on
simple tasks. This enhancement effect probably occurs because the noise acts as a stressor,
raising the person’s arousal level and therefore ④ intensifying the boredom associated with
the task. Unfortunately, most of the evidence on task performance under noisy conditions
comes from laboratory experiments. Based on the research conducted so far, we cannot assess
whether the findings of lab research on noise will generalize to less ⑤ controlled conditions
in real work settings.
*attest 입증하다
Sentence Structure
Noise is often thought to affect performance, as anyone [who has tried to concentrate in a noisy environment] can
attest.
as는 부사절을 이끄는 접속사로서 ‘~하듯이’ 또는 ‘~처럼’을 뜻한다. [ ]는 anyone을 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. i : the strength of something such as light or sound

2. i : to make something weaker or worse
3. d : a problem that causes a decrease in some ability
11강 135
책1.indb 135 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:14

Week
6 11강
(A)
I recently had the privilege of listening to Robert Cooper, author of Executive EQ,
address an auditorium of 900 people. The story he told in the first ten minutes of his speech
demonstrated his authenticity. He chose to tell us “who he was” by telling a story about his
grandfather, who died when Robert was sixteen years old. His father’s father had four major
heart attacks before (a) he eventually died from the fifth. During that time, he had taken great
care to assist in Robert’s development as a young man. He invested long talks and personal
time with him.
(B)
We wanted to share the insights of (b) this great man. By the fourth time he had us laughing
at the old man’s revisions and Robert’s adolescent fear that he was going to be tested on
remembering what the last heart attack’s “most important thing in life” was. As we continued
to smile, he told us about his grandfather’s last revision: “My grandfather said to me, ‘Give
the world the best you have and the best will come back to you. I have asked (c) myself —
what if every day I had refused to accept yesterday’s definition of my best? So much would
have come back to me ... to your father ... to you. But now it won’t, because I didn’t. It is too
late for me. But it’s not too late for you.’”
(C)
I held my breath along with everyone there at the power of a man’s regret at the end of his
life. “It is too late for me.” Our common humanity means that we, too, will die. Every person
in that audience had a flicker of awareness toward our own deaths and potential regrets.
He didn’t pull any punches with this story, but Robert glowed with the intensity of total
authenticity and his integrity gave (d) him the right to tell such a powerful story.
*pull punches 조심스럽게 말하다
(D)
We could see the love Robert felt for his grandfather when he used words to help us see this
man as he saw (e) him back then. He said, “If you could measure intelligence in the quality of
intensity in a man’s eyes, he surely must have been a genius.” He described the decline in his
grandfather’s health and how after each major heart attack his grandfather would call Robert
to his side, burning to share his latest near-death insight. Robert had us leaning forward in
our seats, as he recounted his grandfather’s words “I’ve been thinking about what is most
important in life, and I’ve concluded that the most important thing in life is ....”
책1.indb 136 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:14


[20006-0136]
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
13 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

[20006-0137]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

[20006-0138]
① Robert가 열여섯 살 때 그의 할아버지가 돌아가셨다.

② Robert는 할아버지가 마지막으로 수정한 말을 청중에게 말했다.
③ Robert의 할아버지는 자신의 삶에 대해 후회하지 않았다.
④ 청중은 Robert가 할아버지에 대해 느낀 사랑을 알 수 있었다.
⑤ 할아버지는 심장마비를 겪고 나서 Robert를 곁으로 불렀다.
Sentence Structure
By the fourth time he had us laughing at the old man’s revisions and Robert’s adolescent fear [that he was going to
be tested on remembering {what the last heart attack’s “most important thing in life” was}].
[ ]는 Robert’s adolescent fear와 동격을 이루는 명사절이며, { }는 remembering의 목적어로 쓰인 명사절이다.
Word Search
1. p : a right or benefit that is given to some people and not to others

2. a : the quality of being real or true
3. a : in the process of developing from a child into an adult
11강 137
책1.indb 137 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:14

12
Week
6 강
Exercise 1 어휘

[20006-0139]
Clutter beats us up psychologically and physically. It ① clouds our minds, making it difficult
to access what truly matters in our lives. According to Ab Jackson, a fellow organizer,
“Are you a person that buys things that you don’t need, with money that you don’t have, to
impress people that you don’t even like?” Sound familiar? How ② disturbing would it be to
get organized in a way that not only helps you cope with the basic demands of life but also
gives you more energy and joy? How about a way that actually resonates with what is ③ easy
for your unique brain? We only have so much life force, so much chi, pran, or energy. Why
spend it performing tasks that don’t ④ match your prewired tendencies? How can we learn to
do this with less stress and more grace; even, dare I say, a sense of satisfaction and pleasure?
Here is where your own organizing skills can greatly ⑤ assist you in feeling intact, leading a
life that is proactive rather than reactive, purposeful, and ultimately satisfying.
*clutter 어수선함 **resonate with ~와 공명하다 ***proactive 주도하는
Sentence Structure
It ~ our minds, making it difficult [to access {what truly matters in our lives}].
it은 형식상의 목적어이고, [ ]는 내용상의 목적어이다. { }는 access의 목적어이다.
Word Search
1. i : to make someone feel admiration and respect

2. i : untouched and left in the original state
3. r : having the tendency to react to things that happen
책1.indb 138 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:14


[20006-0140]
But it can’t do the opposite — bring a million shows to one person each.
TV shows were more popular in the seventies than they are now not because they were
better, but because we had fewer alternatives to compete for our screen attention. What we
thought was the rising tide of common culture actually turned out to be less about the triumph
of Hollywood talent and more to do with the sheepherding effect of broadcast distribution.
( ① ) The great thing about broadcast is that it can bring one show to millions of people with
unmatchable efficiency. ( ② ) Yet that is exactly what the Internet does so well. ( ③ ) The
economics of the broadcast era required hit shows — big buckets — to catch huge audiences.
( ④ ) The economics of the broadband era are reversed. ( ⑤ ) Serving the same stream to
millions of people at the same time is hugely expensive and wasteful for a distribution
network optimized for point-to-point communications.
*sheepherding effect 양떼 효과(무리에서 혼자 뒤쳐지거나 동떨어진 것을 싫어해서 따라하는 현상)
**broadband era 광대역(고속 데이터 통신망) 시대
Sentence Structure
[What we thought was the rising tide of common culture] actually turned out to be [less about the triumph of
Hollywood talent] and [more to do with the sheepherding effect of broadcast distribution].
첫 번째 [ ]는 관계대명사 What이 이끄는 관계절로 문장의 주어이며, we thought는 삽입된 표현이다. 두 번째와 세 번째 [ ]는 turned
out to be에 이어지는 표현으로 and로 연결되어 있다.
Word Search
1. a : something that you can choose instead of something else

2. t : a great victory or achievement
3. e : the quality of doing something well and effectively, without wasting time, money, or energy
12강 139
책1.indb 139 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:15

Week
6 12 강

[20006-0141]
In one study Barbara Weston and I attempted to determine whether or not 2- and 3-year-
old babies would show evidence of familiarity to the perfume the mother wore during regular
feedings. She would wear her own perfume and the same one each time. The perfumes
included ‘L’Air du Temps’, ‘Jontu’ and ‘Maximi’. After a few such exposures, we tested the
babies in the laboratory. The perfume was presented to the infant on a cotton swab and the
babies’ sucking, respiration, general activity and heart rate were recorded on a polygraph.
There were two control groups: a test with an odourless cotton swab, and a test with another
perfume, ‘Cachet’, which was not worn by any of the mothers in the experimental group.
The results for 15 infants, 8 girls and 7 boys, showed 80 per cent response on trials with the
perfume versus virtually zero with the odourless control. However, the infants responded
about equally to mothers’ perfume and the control perfume, ‘Cachet’.
*cotton swab 면봉 **respiration 호흡 ***polygraph 다원 기록기
In the above study, infants were (A) to perfume, but they did not recognize the ones
that were (B) .
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① sensitive …… lasting ② sensitive …… expensive
③ allergic …… weak ④ responsive …… familiar
⑤ responsive …… natural
Sentence Structure
In one study Barbara Weston and I attempted to determine [whether or not 2- and 3-year-old babies would show
evidence of familiarity to the perfume {the mother wore during regular feedings}].
[ ]는 명사절로, determine의 목적어이다. { }는 the perfume을 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. f : knowledge of something because you have experienced it before

2. e : condition of being subject to some influence or effect
3. o : having no smell
책1.indb 140 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:15

Exercise 4 어휘

[20006-0142]
In addition to efforts to develop natural and more sustainable adhesive materials for
commercial use, recent years have seen the emergence of a wide variety of “green adhesives.”
Efforts to produce and market these have been associated not only with the use of more
sustainable raw materials but also with (A) enhancing / minimizing the environmental
impacts of adhesives, particularly with regard to reducing harmful compounds and solvents
contained in the adhesives. A number of governments have introduced regulations on the
chemical emissions produced when using adhesives. These regulations have attempted to place
limits on the amount of volatile organic compounds contained in adhesive products, as these
compounds are thought to (B) release / resolve hazardous air pollutants posing both health
and environmental risks. Other products are designed to save energy and reduce waste. Low-
temperature hot melt glues, for example, require (C) more / less energy to melt and apply, and
new cardboard and foil-based packaging has also been developed to reduce the landfill waste
from plastic tube applicators.
*adhesive 접착성의; 접착제 **solvent 용제 ***volatile 휘발성의
(A) (B) (C)

① enhancing …… release …… more
② enhancing …… resolve …… less
③ minimizing …… release …… less
④ minimizing …… resolve …… more
⑤ minimizing …… release …… more
Sentence Structure
These regulations have attempted to place limits on the amount of volatile organic compounds [contained in
adhesive products], as these compounds are thought to ~ hazardous air pollutants [posing both health and
environmental risks].
첫 번째 [ ]는 volatile organic compounds를 수식하는 분사구이다. these compounds는 volatile organic compounds ~
products를 의미한다. 두 번째 [ ]는 hazardous air pollutants를 수식하는 분사구이다.
Word Search
1. s : able to maintain or continue

2. e : the process of appearing or becoming recognized
3. e : the act of discharging gas, heat, light, etc.
12강 141
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Week
6 12강
(A)
Joe has one specific memory of when he was 17 years old. He had been working summers
and vacations for nearly five years at his father’s appliance store. Joe was out on a service
call one afternoon to fix a customer’s washing machine. Some members of the high school
yearbook staff came into the store to get a picture of (a) him for a story they were doing on
how the senior class spent summer vacation. His dad directed them to the customer’s home (it’s
a small-town thing). So, much to Joe’s surprise, two of the prettiest girls in the senior class
showed up to take his picture.
(B)
After completing the service call, Joe returned to the store. It was clear, even to his
emotionally restricted father, that he was bummed. “What happened to (b) you?” His father
asked him. Reluctantly, Joe shared his encounter with the two girls. After listening to his
story, (c) he said, “Cheer up, it gets worse.” And with that, Dad returned to the task at hand.
Joe remember thinking, “Really! ‘Cheer up, it gets worse?’ That has got to be the worst
motivational speech I have ever heard in my life.”
*bummed 낙담한
(C)
At the time Joe was so self-conscious. At 17, the presence of pretty girls made (d) him
incredibly nervous. Also, he looked dirty and completely unprepared for this unannounced
visit. Making it all the worse was the utilitarian way the two classmates handled the task.
They briefly announced the purpose of their visit, snapped two photos, and left with no more
than three sentences of interaction. The manner in which they showed up, executed their
chore, and exited all in the span of five minutes with not even a pleasantry was bruising to a
teenage boy’s ego.
*pleasantry 의례적인 인사말
(D)
Years later, (e) he reminded his dad, now softened with age, of that conversation. He offered
more nuance this time. First, he said, the phrase is true. Life is hard, but no matter how
difficult today is, there will be a worse one ahead. “Cheer up, it gets worse,” is not negative,
he said. It is a reminder not to wallow in your troubles today because there will be a day in
the future you will want to trade for today. Truly, an amazing piece of advice.
*wallow in ~에 빠져 있다
책1.indb 142 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:15

5
[20006-0143]
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
6
[20006-0144]
밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
7
[20006-0145]
윗글의 Joe에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① 아버지의 가게에서 거의 5년 간 여름과 방학 때 일했다.

② 졸업앨범부에 소속된 여학생들의 방문을 받았다.
③ 아버지의 조언을 처음 들었을 때 큰 위안을 받았다.
④ 여학생들이 자신을 대하는 태도에 상처를 받았다.
⑤ 세월이 지난 후에 아버지와 과거의 일화에 대한 대화를 나눴다.
Sentence Structure
Some members of the high school yearbook staff came into the store to get a picture of him for a story [they were
doing on {how the senior class spent summer vacation}].
[ ]는 a story를 수식하는 관계절이며, { }는 how가 이끄는 명사절이다.
Word Search
1. s : worried about how you look or what other people think of you
2. p : the existence of someone in a particular place
3. e : sense of one’s own worth
12강 143
책1.indb 143 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:15

Week
6 12 강
Exercise 8 어휘

[20006-0146]
Imagine I tell you that Maddy is bad. Perhaps you infer from my intonation, or the context
in which we are talking, that I mean morally bad. Additionally, you will probably infer that
I am disapproving of Maddy, or saying that I think you should disapprove of her, or similar,
given typical linguistic conventions and assuming I am ① sincere. However, you might not
get a more ② detailed sense of the particular sorts of way in which Maddy is bad, her typical
character traits, and the like, since people can be bad in many ways. In contrast, if I say that
Maddy is wicked, then you get more of a sense of her typical actions and attitudes to others.
The word ‘wicked’ is more ③ specific than ‘bad’. I have still not exactly pinpointed Maddy’s
character since wickedness takes many forms. But there is more detail nevertheless, perhaps a
④ weaker connotation of the sort of person Maddy is. In addition, and again assuming typical
linguistic conventions, you should also get a sense that I am disapproving of Maddy, or
saying that you should disapprove of her, or similar, assuming that we are still discussing her
⑤ moral character.
*connotation 함축
Sentence Structure
Perhaps you infer [from my intonation, or the context {in which we are talking}], [that I mean morally bad].
첫 번째 [ ]는 부사의 역할을 하는 전치사구로서 동사인 infer와 infer의 목적어인 두 번째 [ ] 사이에 삽입되어 있다. { }는 the
context를 수식하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. i : to reach an opinion from available information or facts

2. c : a way in which something is usually done
3. s : not pretending or lying; honest
책1.indb 144 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:16


[20006-0147]
In contrast, those radiations with longer wavelengths carry much less energy than light (think
radio waves), not even enough to bend retinal or other biological molecules.
When electromagnetic wavelengths start to get too long to bend retinal (a biological
chemical in the retina of the eye), we call them infrared because they are just below the
visible color red. When the wavelengths are a little too short to be seen we call them
ultraviolet because they are just beyond the visible color violet. Visible light is squeezed in
between the invisible infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths. ( ① ) If we consider visible light to
be the dividing line within the universe of invisible electromagnetic waves, what can we say
about wavelengths on either side of the visible? ( ② ) Those wavelengths shorter than visible
light carry more energy. ( ③ ) The shorter wavelength radiations (think x-rays) carry enough
energy that they go beyond simply bending molecules; they can actually break them. ( ④ )
And it is the breaking of biological molecules that results in radiation’s adverse biological
effects. ( ⑤ ) If these low energy radiations have biological effects, their mechanism is more
obscure and beyond what we currently understand about biology.
*bend 구조를 바꾸다 **retina (눈의) 망막
Sentence Structure
If we [consider visible light to be {the dividing line within the universe of invisible electromagnetic waves}],
what can we say about wavelengths on either side of the visible?
[ ]는 「consider ~ to be ...」 구문으로 { }가 visible light를 설명해주고 있다. either side는 「either +짝을 이루는 것(단수 명사)」
구문으로 either의 의미는 ‘양쪽의’이다. the visible은 「the +형용사」의 형태로 그 의미는 ‘가시적인 것’이다.
Word Search
1. o : not easily understood

2. a : harmful or likely to cause problems
3. s : to try to make something fit into a space that is too small
12강 145
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Week
6 12 강

[20006-0148]
Pain has always been philosophically and politically problematic. Whereas physical
injuries and diseases can be observed by others, pain has an apparently private quality, which
potentially cuts the sufferer off from others. By its nature, it can be difficult to adequately
communicate, a quality that led the cultural theorist Elaine Scarry to describe intense pain as
“world-destroying.” The sufferer feels alone with their pain, and depends on the capacity of
others to empathize and to believe them. As Scarry puts it, “To have pain is to have certainty;
to hear about pain is to have doubt.” This generates its own political strains, as some sufferers
are inevitably viewed as more credible than others, while some are assumed to exaggerate
their pains. The politics of pain involves differing views of who deserves compassion and how
much, a matter that generates its own distinctive political positions. For example, American
conservatives have historically taken the harsher view that those in pain are less deserving of
sympathy or pain relief.
Pain is expressed (A) , which makes it a political issue to decide how (B) we
should be towards the sufferers.
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① explicitly …… honest ② neutrally …… compassionate
③ neutrally …… direct ④ subjectively …… compassionate
⑤ subjectively …… honest
Sentence Structure
[Whereas physical injuries and diseases can be observed by others], pain has an apparently private quality, [which
potentially cuts the sufferer off from others].
‌첫 번째 [ ]는 ‘~인 반면에’라는 대조의 의미를 지닌 Whereas가 이끄는 부사절이고, 두 번째 [ ]는 앞 절의 내용을 선행사로 하는 관계절이다.
Word Search
1. p : (of thoughts and feelings) not to be revealed to others
2. e : to understand and share the feelings of another
3. c : a feeling of sympathy for someone who is in a bad situation
책1.indb 146 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:16

Exercise 11 어휘

[20006-0149]
In the classic model of the Sumerian economy, the temple functioned as an administrative
authority governing commodity production, collection, and redistribution. The discovery
of administrative tablets from the temple complexes at Uruk (A) denies / suggests that
token use and consequently writing evolved as a tool of centralized economic governance.
Given the lack of archaeological evidence from Uruk-period domestic sites, it is not clear
whether individuals also used the system for personal agreements. For that matter, it is not
(B) clear / unclear how widespread literacy was at its beginnings. The use of identifiable
symbols and pictograms on the early tablets is consistent with administrators needing a
lexicon that was mutually intelligible by literate and nonliterate parties. As cuneiform script
became more abstract, literacy must have become increasingly (C) important / insignificant
to ensure one understood what he or she had agreed to.
*lexicon 어휘 목록 **cuneiform script 설형 문자
(A) (B) (C)

① denies …… clear …… important
② denies …… unclear …… important
③ suggests …… clear …… important
④ suggests …… unclear …… insignificant
⑤ suggests …… clear …… insignificant
Sentence Structure
Given [the lack of archaeological evidence from Uruk-period domestic sites], it is not clear [whether individuals
also used the system for personal agreements].
첫 번째 [ ]는 전치사 Given(~을 고려하면)의 목적어이다. it은 형식상의 주어이고 whether로 시작하는 [ ]가 내용상의 주어이다.
Word Search
1. t : a flat piece of stone or clay with words cut into it

2. i : (of speech and writing) clear enough to be understood
3. c : a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold
12강 147
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Week
6 12강
(A)
Although Joyce had little patience with elderly people, she applied for the activity director
position in a nursing facility. When the ringing of the telephone woke her, it was 8:05 am.
The woman on the other end sounded cheerful. “I have your application for activity director,”
she said. “We are about to open a new unit. How soon can you be here for an interview?”
Trying (a) her best to sound awake, Joyce said, “One hour. I can come in one hour.” From that
day on, Joyce’s life changed. Each waking moment, her thoughts are on the residents of the
nursing facility. The residents fill her thoughts and her heart.
(B)
There have been many Miss Lillys in Joyce’s life since then and (b) she knows there will
be others. They are the ones who need more than kindness and care; they need a little piece
of her heart. She loves each day of work, sharing with the residents with her life, her joys,
and her sorrows. They share with (c) her their past, their fear of the future, their families,
and most of all, their love. Because of Miss Lilly, Joyce never feels the same about the older
generation, about nursing facilities, or even about life.
(C)
Her first love was Miss Lilly, a lonely woman with only one living relative. Miss Lilly was
not a pretty sight. She was a broad-shouldered woman with large hands and feet, in a near
prone position. She spent her days in a blue chair. Her hair, sparse and iron-gray, had twin
cowlicks that caused it to stick out in all directions. Worse yet, Miss Lilly never spoke. Joyce
had seen her one relative, a niece, several times. Each visit was the same. Standing a few feet
in front of the blue chair, (d) her niece would say, “Your check came, your bill is paid.” Never
a personal word, a hug, or any sign of affection.
*prone 수그린 **sparse 숱이 적은, 드문드문한 ***cowlick 곧추선 머리카락
(D)
Months passed, and Miss Lilly seemed to shrink lower and lower down in her chair. Joyce
discovered she was not eating well and gave up her lunch hour to feed Miss Lilly. Seeing how
much Miss Lilly enjoyed Jell-O and pudding, Joyce brought her extra. Joyce talked to her
constantly — about the weather, current events, anything that she could think of. One day,
to (e) her amazement, Miss Lilly spoke. “Bend down,” Miss Lilly said. Quickly, Joyce knelt
at her side. “Put your arms around me and pretend you love me,” Miss Lilly whispered. “Me
love Miss Lilly?” Joyce had never thought about it. Joyce gathered Miss Lilly into her arms
and felt her heart bursting with love.
책1.indb 148 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:16


[20006-0150]
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
13 밑줄 친 (a)∼(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

[20006-0151]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

[20006-0152]
① Joyce는 오전 8시 5분에 전화벨 소리에 잠에서 깼다.

② Joyce는 Miss Lilly 때문에 노인 세대에 대한 느낌이 달라졌다.
③ Miss Lilly는 어깨가 넓고 손과 발이 컸다.
④ Joyce는 Miss Lilly의 유일한 친척인 조카딸을 몇 번 보았다.
⑤ Miss Lilly는 푸딩 먹는 것을 좋아하지 않았다.
Sentence Structure
Her hair, [sparse and iron-gray], had twin cowlicks [that {caused it to stick out} in all directions].
첫 번째 [ ]는 Her hair를 수식하고, 두 번째 [ ]는 관계절로 twin cowlicks를 수식한다. { }는 「cause +목적어+ to부정사구」 구문으
로 ‘~을[로 하여금] …하게 하다’의 뜻이다.
Word Search
1. r : someone who lives in a particular place

2. w : to speak very softly using one’s breath, especially for the sake of privacy
3. f : a place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose
149
12강
책1.indb 149 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:17

Week
7 Mini Test 1
01 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0153]
Dear parents,
As you gather to meet your child’s teacher at parent-teacher conferences,

we would like to take this opportunity to tell you that we are looking for your
feedback as we initiate small counseling groups for your children. Group
counseling can be helpful for all students. Each of our groups promises to
incorporate social skill development, healthy communication skills, peer support,
and self-awareness. Please check off as many of the areas below that you think
may pertain to your child’s needs. Depending on the results of this survey, we
will begin to organize small groups specific to these topics. Please note that
checking off these boxes does not guarantee or obligate your child to participate
in any future group counseling interventions. If you have any questions about
these topics, please feel free to contact us.
Sincerely,
Debbie Sanders, School Counselor
① 학부모회 회의 일정을 공지하려고

② 학부모 대상 상담 강좌를 홍보하려고
③ 집단 상담 참여 절차와 유의점을 안내하려고
④ 온라인 상담 프로그램에 대한 평가를 요청하려고
⑤ 집단 상담 운영을 위한 설문 조사 참여를 부탁하려고
책1.indb 150 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:17

02 다음 글에 드러난 Skeeter의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0154]
No balls came out to Skeeter during the second half of the inning. In the next
inning a high fly was hit to deep left. Skeeter watched it soar into the blue sky
and thought for sure that it was heading for the fence behind him. He turned and
rushed back, stumbled, regained his footing, turned again. His eyes widened as
he saw the ball coming down far in front of him. Boy, had he misjudged that
one! He bolted forward, running as hard as he could. When he saw that he would
not be able to catch it by running, he dove at it. The ball brushed the tip of his
glove and struck the ground, and he went sprawling forward on his stomach. He
scrambled to his feet, picked up the ball, and pegged it to second. The man was
already there. Laughter exploded from the Thunder’s fans. “Holy cow, Skeet!”
exclaimed third baseman Henry Mall. “If you’d stayed in your position, you
could’ve caught that ball in your hip pocket!” Skeeter hid his face in his hands
and wished that he could disappear at the moment.
*bolt 뛰어나가다 **sprawl 큰 대자로 눕다 ***peg (공을) 던지다
① hostile
② grateful
③ relieved
④ indifferent
⑤ humiliated
151
Mini Test 1
책1.indb 151 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:17

Week
7 Mini Test 1
▶ [03~04] 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

[20006-0155]
03 If facial movements have so much variation within an emotion category like

“Fear,” you might wonder why we find it so natural to believe that a wide-
eyed face is the universal fear expression. The answer is that it’s a stereotype, a
symbol that fits a well-known theme for “Fear” within our culture. Preschools
teach these stereotypes to children: “People who scowl are angry. People who
pout are sad.” They are cultural shorthands or conventions. You see them in
cartoons, in advertisements, in the faces of dolls, in emojis — in an endless array
of imagery and iconography. Textbooks teach these stereotypes to psychology
students. Therapists teach them to their patients. The media spreads them widely
throughout the Western world. “Now, wait just a minute,” you might be thinking.
“Is she saying that our culture has created these expressions, and we all have
learned them?” Well... yes.
*scowl 얼굴을 찡그리다 **pout 입을 삐쭉 내밀다
***iconography 도상(종교나 신화에 대한 미술 작품에 나타난 인물 또는 형상)
① 표정을 읽는 기술은 대인관계에 긍정적 영향을 끼친다.

② 기계는 표정으로 감정을 읽는 능력을 결코 지닐 수 없다.
③ 표정에 나타나는 감정은 상대방의 감정까지 바꿀 수 있다.
④ 표정에 나타나는 감정을 읽는 방식은 문화적으로 학습된 것이다.
⑤ 감정 변화를 숨기지 못하는 사람은 사회생활에서 성공할 수 없다.
150~232 2020 수능특강 영어독해 미니텍스트-12.indd 152 2020-01-03 오후 1:56:50

[20006-0156]
04 Students who struggle with visual-spatial working memory may have a difficult
time with math and science tests. In order to do well on these kinds of tests, it is
necessary to visualize and manipulate images. Think of how you solve physics
problems or answer questions about cellular division. The brain needs to be able
to picture these things, hold these images in mind, manipulate them, and then
hold the answer in mind while the student records it on paper. Students who build
their visual-spatial abilities early in life may be more successful later in fields
of math and science. Preschool teachers who focus on building their students’
visual-spatial skills enhance the development of these regions and positively
influence students’ learning in subsequent years. Because experience changes
the brain, early experience strengthens these processes in the developing brain,
making them more robust later in life.
*robust 강건한, 튼튼한
① 취학 전 수학과 과학 교육은 학습 동기를 약화시킬 수 있다.

② 시공간적 능력을 기르는 것이 수학과 과학 학습에 도움이 된다.
③ 수학과 과학을 전공하는 사람들은 이미지 중심의 사고에 능숙하다.
④ 추상적 사고력이 발달한 아동이 수학과 과학에서 높은 성취도를 보인다.
⑤ 흥미로운 체험 활동으로 수학과 과학에 대한 학생들의 인식을 바꿀 수 있다.
153
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7 Mini Test 1
05 밑줄 친 the detour가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0157]
On the basis of a knowledge of genre, etc., we as spectators will expect the film
we are watching to follow a particular logic of development. So while we are
watching the film we will always have expectations as to how it will continue.
Films require that the audience participate actively in the ongoing process by
making hypotheses about “what will happen next” and readjusting expectations
accordingly and by adapting their expectations in accordance with this, Bordwell
and Thompson write, emphasizing that our involvement in works of art depends
to a great extent on such expectations. The point of course is that films and other
works of fiction never take a direct route to their goal; they constantly refute our
expectations and force us to change our hypotheses as to “what will happen next”,
and often it is not the goal at all but the detour that is the most important thing.
*refute ~이 틀렸음을 보이다
① analyzing the film’s use of images and sound in telling its story
② adjusting our perspective to lessen the film’s emotional intensity
③ reestablishing the similarities and differences between film genres
④ reconstructing predictions about the plot based on the film’s events
⑤ comparing the film’s characters with ones we’ve seen in other films
책1.indb 154 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:18

06 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0158]
Studies of people grappling with major health problems show that the majority
of respondents report they derived benefits from their adversity. Stressful events
sometimes force people to develop new skills, reevaluate priorities, learn new
insights, and acquire new strengths. In other words, the adaptation process
initiated by stress can lead to personal changes for the better. One study that
measured participants’ exposure to thirty-seven major negative events found a
curvilinear relationship between lifetime adversity and mental health. High levels
of adversity predicted poor mental health, as expected, but people who had faced
intermediate levels of adversity were healthier than those who experienced little
adversity, suggesting that moderate amounts of stress can foster resilience. A
follow-up study found a similar link between the amount of lifetime adversity
and subjects’ responses to laboratory stressors. Intermediate levels of adversity
were predictive of the greatest resilience. Thus, having to grapple with a
moderate amount of stress may build resilience in the face of future stress.
*grapple with ~을 해결하려고 노력하다, ~와 씨름하다
① stages of training to build resilience

② practical ways to manage stressful situations
③ harmful impacts of chronic stress on the brain
④ common signs and symptoms of too much stress
⑤ positive effects of moderate stress levels on resilience
155
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7 Mini Test 1
07 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0159]
We live in times of great change, in which much is being asked of us. We live
at a time when we are less and less able to listen and really hear one another in
society, at a time when those with different views, beliefs, or backgrounds are
so easily cast as the “other.” At this time when great forces of political, social,
economic, and environmental change are sweeping the globe and intensifying
our separation from self, others, and life, we need to learn how to speak and
listen in a new way. We need to learn how to reperceive our world with fresh
eyes, beyond inherited historical and economic structures of competition and
separation that can so easily determine our relationships. True dialogue is more
than the mere exchange of ideas. It is a transformative process based on trust
and mutual respect, in which we come to see another in new and more accurate
ways. As theologian David Lochhead explains, “it is a way of knowing truth that
neither party possesses prior to the dialogue.”
① What Are the Benefits of Sharing Ideas?

② Find Your True Self Through Your Dreams
③ How to Keep Up in the Fast Changing World
④ Meditation: Why We Need It in the Modern World
⑤ The Importance of True Dialogues in Times of Change
책1.indb 156 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:18

08 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0160]
Dietary Intakes Compared to Recommended Levels (U.S., 2007-2010)

Vegetables 87 13
Fruit 75 25
Total Grains 44 56
Dairy 86 14
Protein Foods 42 58
Oils 72 28
100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage of Population Percentage of Population
below Recommendation at or above Recommendation
The graph above shows the percentages of the U.S. population’s dietary intakes
compared to the recommended levels for different food groups from 2007 to
2010. ① Of the six food groups, Vegetables showed the highest percentage of
people who failed to meet the recommended level, at 87 percent. ② Protein
Foods showed the lowest percentage of people who consumed less than the
recommended intake level, at 42 percent. ③ With the cases of Fruit and Oils,
the proportions of people who ate less than the recommended intake level were
higher than the proportions of those who did not. ④ Specifically, the percentage
of people who ate less than the recommended amount of Fruit was three times
higher than that of people who did not. ⑤ The percentage of people who
consumed Vegetables at or above the recommended level was higher than that of
Dairy, but by only 1 percentage point.
157
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Week
7 Mini Test 1
09 Kate Chopin에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0161]
Kate Chopin was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1850. Chopin’s Irish father
died when she was five years old, leaving her to be raised by her mother,
grandmother, and great-grandmother. At twenty, she married Oscar Chopin,
and the couple settled in New Orleans, Louisiana. They moved around southern
Louisiana, where she would learn much of the Creole Culture that would become
instrumental in her writing. In 1882, her husband died, leaving her to raise their
six children and with a large debt. Two years later, she moved back in with her
mother, but her mother died the following year. In a depression, she sought help
from her doctor, who suggested writing as a means to ease her grief and loss. By
the 1890s, Chopin was finding not only comfort in her writing but also success
with her short works. Stemming from that success, she began to write novels.
Her second, published in 1899, The Awakening, would come to be regarded as
her finest work but was largely criticized during her life.
① 다섯 살 때 아버지를 여의었다.
② 남부 루이지애나에서 Creole 문화에 관한 많은 것을 배웠다.
③ 남편이 사망한 후에 여섯 명의 자녀 양육을 맡게 되었다.
④ 글 쓰는 것을 통해 슬픔과 상실감에 대한 위안을 받았다.
⑤ The Awakening이라는 작품은 일생 동안 대체로 호평을 받았다.
책1.indb 158 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:18

10 Green Hill Essay Contest에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0162]
Green Hill Essay Contest
To celebrate the 10th anniversary of Green Hill High School, we hold an essay
contest.
Topic: ‘My Excellent School’

Open to all students of our school (10th, 11th, and 12th grade)
Please visit www.greenhill.org to download the entry form.
– The
‌ essay should be an original one of your own writing (never written or
published for any other purposes).
– The
‌ essay should not be more than 2,000 words.
– ‌Submission Deadline: October 31, 2020
– ‌Submission is limited to one essay per person. (Write your name, phone
number, and email address on the first sheet of your essay.)
– Three
‌ winners, one from each grade, will be selected and awarded.
– Awards:
‌ Certificate, medal and prize of $50
– Winners
‌ will be announced and awarded on November 5, which is the 10th
anniversary of our school.
– ‌Submission should be made online. We don’t accept direct delivery or mail-in.
For more information, visit our school’s website www.greenhill.org.

Green Hill High School | 310 Blue Creek Road | 238-561-3234 | www.greenhill.
org
① Green Hill 고등학교의 모든 학생이 참가할 수 있다.

② 제출하는 에세이의 길이는 2,000 단어를 넘지 않아야 한다.
③ 에세이는 한 사람당 최대 두 편까지 제출할 수 있다.
④ 각 학년에서 1명씩 총 3명을 선정하여 시상한다.
⑤ 에세이의 제출은 온라인으로만 가능하다.
159
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Week
7 Mini Test 1
11 One Mile Fun Run에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

[20006-0163]
One Mile Fun Run

Saturday, June 13, 2020
The event is open to all citizens of Greenville and it is to raise public awareness
of the dangers of drunk driving. Let’s run or walk a mile together.
You can register at the site on the day of the event. Registration begins at 8 a.m.
• Place: Children’s Forest Park

• One Mile Run: 11 a.m.
• Participation Fee: $15 (includes a snack and a medal)
• Wear a crazy hat to the event or decorate one on-site. Prizes for creative hats!
• Enjoy the following free services in Kids Wonderland:
– Face Painting
– Bounce House
– Games and Crafts
– Safety Fair Exhibits
For more information, visit www.onemilerun.org.
① 보행자 안전에 관한 대중의 인식을 높이기 위한 행사이다.

② 걷기로 참가하는 사람은 2마일의 거리를 걸어야 한다.
③ 행사 당일 현장에서는 참가 등록을 받지 않는다.
④ 참가비에는 간식과 메달 비용이 포함되어 있다.
⑤ Kids Wonderland에서의 페이스페인팅은 유료이다.
책1.indb 160 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:19

12 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
[20006-0164]
A determinant of developmental differences in the social effects of television

① is the amount of information or experience a child has accumulated. ② As
children mature they are exposed to different people, actions, and norms. This
provides a range of choices when they have an opportunity to perform or opine.
For example, children who encounter Puerto Ricans only on Sesame Street may
learn that interactions with them are always cordial and ③ use that as a model for
a first encounter with a live Puerto Rican. In contrast, a child who grows up close
to a Puerto Rican enclave will understand much more about the variety of ways
④ which he or she could interact with Puerto Ricans. Hopefully, Sesame Street
will provide information for this child too, but the information will take ⑤ its
place alongside other relevant information rather than providing the single model
for interaction.
*opine 의견을 말하다 **enclave 소수 민족 거주지
161
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Week
7 Mini Test 1
13 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0165]
One stance to approach literary production is one that completely

(A) ignores / emphasizes taste and hence is a purely scientific approach. Using
this approach, we never say something is well or badly done. If we are to evaluate
a script, we say that the structure is such and such, the plot is such and such —
but we never praise or criticize based on our taste. This is the polar opposite of
the (B) analytic / appreciative stance and is an approach that very few critics
have adopted. In the rare cases it has been adopted, it seems to have been limited
to dull people. Moreover, people generally do not fancy such an approach. They
say that it lacks taste or that it is incomprehensible. But this is a different stance,
and we must accept the fact that it features an objective attitude that precludes
taste. We must also accept that such a stance is permissible in discussing literary
works. In fact, leaving aside an analysis of a single work, this approach becomes
especially (C) useful / useless in comparing two or more works, or comparing a
series of works.
(A) (B) (C)

① ignores …… appreciative …… useful
② ignores …… appreciative …… useless
③ ignores …… analytic …… useful
④ emphasizes …… analytic …… useless
⑤ emphasizes …… analytic …… useful
책1.indb 162 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:19

▶ [14~17] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

[20006-0166]
14 Occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time. If you are busy doing
something while you are waiting, the time seems to go by faster. Most line
waits can be made more enjoyable and made to feel less lengthy if guests can
. Disney planners are the masters of managing time
waits by giving their guests something to stop them from thinking about the
wait. If the line for a particular Walt Disney World Resort attraction has become
extraordinarily long and a service failure is imminent, a strolling band or acrobats
or some other distraction arrives to entertain and occupy the guests while they
wait. For long lines, Universal Orlando Resort spaces television sets throughout
the time which show a video or movie. People can watch an interesting program
while moving toward the entrance to the attraction.
① be informed of the length of the wait

② be sure that the attraction is exciting
③ be certain that they are treated fairly
④ be distracted or diverted in some way
⑤ be permitted to return to their place in line
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[20006-0167]
15 Social exchange is the general category of social process and involves

people in the organization trading resources and attempting to make sure
that . Many of the social interactions occurring in an
organization consist of transactions in which one person offers resources to the
other person and in return receives something from that individual. There are
costs involved in the transactions as well as benefits, and the motivation of each
party to the exchange is to maximize the positive and minimize the negative.
Social exchange theorists propose that all interactions among people constitute
social exchanges, even those involving love and marriage. Explaining something
as personal as love as an exchange that continues as long as it is profitable may
seem cynical. You might protest and say that remaining in a loving relationship
is not reducible to rewards and costs. Social exchange theorists would counter
by stating that an important part of any continuing relationship is achieving a
favorable balance sheet in the transactions with the other person.
① future transactions will continue

② their rewards outweigh their costs
③ they complement their weaknesses
④ innovative ideas are put into practice
⑤ they get favorable reviews from clients
책1.indb 164 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:19

[20006-0168]
16 Causal relationships are not always simple or straightforward. For one thing,
effects can have more than a single cause. It may be, for example, that my
lateness was in part caused by a traffic jam. But suppose that while hung up in
traffic I ran low on gas and so had to stop and fill up. Suppose also that neither
event, alone, would have made me late. In the jargon of causal research, multiple
related causes are referred to simply as “causal factors.” Moreover, effects
. We know, for example, that cigarette
smoking causes lung cancer despite the fact that some cigarette smokers will
not contract lung cancer and that some who will contract lung cancer will not
be smokers. As this last example suggests, causal explanations are often about
groups, not individuals. The claim that smoking causes lung cancer means that,
among people in general (and several kinds of laboratory animals), smoking is
one factor that contributes to lung cancer.
*jargon (특정 분야의) 전문 용어
① are sometimes caused by chain reactions

② tend to actually happen to those who have bad habits
③ do faithfully reflect individual and situational differences
④ need not invariably be associated with a given causal factor
⑤ frequently occur to every member in a group without exception
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[20006-0169]
17 Observations are not always undertaken with a clear sense of what data may be
relevant. Think, for example, of a detective at the scene of a crime. What small
details need to be noted or perhaps preserved for future reference? Moreover,
a set of observations may yield unanticipated information — data that does
not conform to the observer’s sense of what is relevant — but information that
is nonetheless of some importance. Recently, medical researchers at a large
university were studying the effect of calcium on pregnancy-related high blood
pressure. Though they observed no significant reductions in the blood pressure
of the women in their study who took calcium, they did notice something quite
interesting and unexpected. The women in their study who took calcium during
pregnancy had lower rates of depression than those who took a placebo instead
of calcium. As a result, the researchers began an entirely new study, one designed
to determine the extent to which calcium can prevent depression in pregnant
women. As this example suggests, it is important not to become too attached to
. Otherwise, we run the risk of missing
something that may turn out to be significant.
*placebo 위약(僞藥)
① shared opinions on which experiments could be fruitful

② predesigned methods to gather suitable subjects for a study
③ fixed notions of what may constitute relevant observational data
④ outdated theories on how a medication can be harmful to a person
⑤ serious doubts whether a hypothesis is contradictory to existing theories
책1.indb 166 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:19

18 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

[20006-0170]
Does advertising encourage you to eat more? Advertisers often say that their
advertising is to promote their brand and to get you to choose their brand over
the competitor’s. This may be true, but the ads also encourage food consumption
in general. ① Advertising for food and beverages communicates potentially
powerful food consumption cues. ② The subtle effects of food advertising on
what you eat and how much you eat are usually outside of your own awareness
or intention. ③ Research confirms that external cues such as food advertisements
have a significant influence on food consumption behaviors. ④ Contrary to
popular belief, there is much more to obtaining success in the food industry than
simply selling food that tastes delicious. ⑤ The evidence suggests that advertising
for food has a direct causal link to greater consumption of food in general, not
just of the food being advertised.
167
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7 Mini Test 1
▶ [19~20] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

[20006-0171]
19 Many authors have implied that heritable traits are difficult or impossible to
alter. Heritability is defined in percentages.
(A) Nevertheless, the fact that a trait is heritable does not mean we cannot
modify it. Instead, a high heritability means that current environmental
factors impact minimally on individual differences in a trait. The figure does
not relate to the potential effects of new environments.
(B) If a characteristic is 0% heritable, all differences in the trait are entirely
determined by the environment, and if it is 100% heritable, then all
differences are defined by genetics. The majority of personality traits are
60% heritable.
(C) We can also treat heritable conditions. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is
100% heritable and means carriers cannot break down the amino acid
phenylalanine. Those with PKU can avoid the negative symptoms (mental
retardation) by excluding phenylalanine from their diets, thus modifying the
effects of the heritable trait.
*phenylketonuria 페닐케톤뇨증 **phenylalanine 페닐알라닌(필수 아미노산의 일종)
① (A) – (C) – (B)

② (B) – (A) – (C)
③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B)
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
책1.indb 168 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:20

[20006-0172]
20 To begin understanding how some clays can be more medicinally effective than
others we have to look at where they are mined.
(A) Other clays are known as secondary or transported deposits and they are
more in line with sediments. These clays are veins which have moved from
their original location usually by the force of water or erosion. In many cases
they ultimately rest as sediment at the bottom of lakes, rivers or some other
kind of marine basin.
(B) Ultimately it is often found that these deposits prove to be less pure than the
primary clays. No doubt this is due to the fact that the secondary deposits
have collected numerous other compounds on their journey to the water. As
such these clays, although they can be effective, are usually diminished in
quality and purity.
(C) It is recognized that the better quality clays come from what are known as
primary or residual deposits. These are clays which are found where they
were initially deposited after the volcanic eruption.
*sediment 퇴적물 **residual deposit 잔류 광상
① (A) – (C) – (B)

② (B) – (A) – (C)
③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B)
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
169
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7 Mini Test 1
▶ [21~22] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

[20006-0173]
21 Using the Youth Panel of the British Household Panel Survey, they document
that children exposed to an authoritative parenting style not only obtain stronger
academic results but also report higher levels of subjective well-being and self-
esteem.
In developmental psychology, there is a great deal of research that aims to

understand how specific parenting styles affect child development. ( ① ) A
main finding in a number of empirical studies is that, on average, the children
of authoritative parents perform better in school than children exposed to
other parenting styles. ( ② ) A frequently cited article by Sanford Dornbusch
of Stanford University and a number of coauthors considers a sample of 7,836
high school students in the San Francisco Bay Area and finds that children who
experience authoritative parenting obtain higher grades. ( ③ ) Several other
studies using data from other areas of the United States confirm their findings.
( ④ ) Sociologists Tak Wing Chan and Anita Koo study the effect of parenting
styles beyond school performance. ( ⑤ ) In addition, these children enjoy better
health and are less likely to indulge in risky behavior such as smoking cigarettes
or engaging in fights.
*empirical 실증적인 **indulge in ~에 빠지다, ~에 탐닉하다
책1.indb 170 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:20

[20006-0174]
22 Furthermore, there is often disagreement about the degree of risk associated with
agricultural chemicals.
Many agricultural chemicals have long been known to have toxic effects
when improperly handled, stored, or applied. ( ① ) It is clear that neither
manufacturers nor producers intended or wanted these consequences, and both
groups have made efforts to mitigate and control unintended consequences.
( ② ) Nevertheless, unintended consequences of agricultural chemicals pose
ethical problems in that it is impossible to eliminate the risk of an unwanted
event entirely. ( ③ ) Some individuals express far greater concern about exposure
to pesticides than others. ( ④ ) Producers, scientists, and chemical manufacturers
thus face the problem of managing concern for unwanted effects, even when the
empirical evidence for such effects is scant, controversial, and even nonexistent.
( ⑤ ) Whether real or imagined, unwanted consequences of agricultural
chemicals have significantly affected the reception of many agricultural
technologies, including mechanization and biotechnology, among producers and
food consumers since 1962.
*mitigate 완화하다, 누그러뜨리다 **empirical 실증적인 ***scant 불충분한
171
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Week
7 Mini Test 1
23 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0175]
In a study, participants first had to perform a series of very lengthy, extremely

tedious tasks (like turning pegs in peg holes). Afterwards they were asked to tell
the next participant that the tasks they would do were actually really interesting!
The idea was to create in each participant the dissonant cognitions that, on the
one hand, they had disliked the experiment but, on the other hand, they had told
another person that they enjoyed it. In addition, half of the participants were
given $20 for compliance with the ‘lying’ request and the other half a meagre $1.
The idea here was that those in the $1 group would experience a higher level of
cognitive dissonance than those in the $20 group because they had insufficient
justification for the inconsistency between their attitudes (i.e. ‘that really was a
boring task’) and their actual behaviour (i.e. lying about the behaviour to another
person). The $20 group had the justification of a decent money payout and would
thus experience less dissonance. It was predicted that the $1 participants, being
highly cognitively dissonant, would change their attitude towards enjoying or
liking the tasks so as to re-establish consonance; those in the $20 condition
would not. This was exactly what happened when attitudes towards the task were
measured after the experiment.
*peg 못 **dissonant 조화되지 않는 ***meagre 변변찮은
The above study suggests that when people perform a behaviour that goes against
their attitude with (A) reason, they are more likely to undergo an attitude
change, thereby (B) the dissonance.
(A) (B)
① sufficient …… resolving
② sufficient …… creating
③ additional …… reinforcing
④ inadequate …… resolving
⑤ inadequate …… reinforcing
책1.indb 172 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:20

The ace in the hole for the inevitability of the end of animal farming is the incredible
(a) inefficiency of making meat, dairy, and eggs from animals. Farmed animals consume
calories and nutrients from plants, and they use that energy to do a lot more than produce
meat, dairy, and eggs. They have all the normal bodily functions like breathing, movement,
and growing by-products like hoofs, organs, and hair. These processes mean farmed animals
have a caloric (b) conversion ratio of 10:1 or more. For every ten calories of food we feed
them, we get only about one calorie of meat in return. And for every ten grams of plant-based
protein, we get at most two grams of animal-based protein.
Culinary professionals and food scientists are increasingly cutting this waste by taking
the constituents of animal products (fats, proteins, nutrients, water) directly from plants and
(c) assembling them into the architecture of meat. They can also make cultured meat like
the Memphis Meats meatball, real animal flesh made by using cell cultures to grow meat
in the same process that happens inside an animal’s body, so it’s molecularly (d) identical
to conventional meat. The efficiency of both these processes suggests that, in the long run,
humanity will use its technological prowess to make meat, dairy, and eggs directly without
the (e) economical process of raising and killing animals, regardless of ethics. To put it
another way, a big reason we’re going to see the end of animal farming is that it doesn’t have
to mean the end of meat.
*ace in the hole 비장의 무기 **culinary 요리의 ***technological prowess 기술력
24
[20006-0176]
① Bioethics: Ethical Issues of Biotechnology

② Can Artificial Meat Put an End to Famine?
③ Factory Farming Is Killing the Environment
④ Lab-grown Meat Can’t Replace Farm-raised Meat
⑤ Technology: A Solution for the Problems of Animal Farming
25
[20006-0177]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
173
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Week
7 Mini Test 1
(A)
One day a beggar saw a proclamation posted outside the palace gate. The king was giving
a great dinner. Anyone dressed in royal garments was invited to the party. The beggar looked
at the rags he was wearing and sighed. Surely only kings and their families wore royal robes,
he thought. Slowly an idea crept into his mind and made (a) him tremble. He made his way
back to the palace and approached the guard at the gate. “Please, sir, I would like to speak to
the king.” “Wait here,” the guard replied. In a few minutes he was back. “His majesty will see
you,” he said, and led the beggar in.
(B)
The beggar dropped to his knees. “Oh, thank you,” he cried. But as he started to leave,
(b) he looked back at his pile of dirty rags on the floor. He hesitated. What if the prince was
wrong? What if he would need his old clothes again? Quickly he gathered them up. The
banquet was far greater than he had ever imagined, but he could not enjoy himself as he
should. He had made a small bundle of his old rags and it kept falling off his lap. The food
was passed quickly and the beggar missed some of the greatest delicacies.
(C)
Time proved that the prince was right. The clothes lasted forever. Still the beggar grew
fonder and fonder of his old rags. As time passed people seemed to forget the royal robes
he was wearing. They saw only the little bundle of filthy rags that (c) he clung to wherever
he went. One day as he lay dying, the king visited him. The beggar saw the sad look on
the king’s face when he looked at the small bundle of rags by the bed. Suddenly the beggar
remembered the prince’s words and he realized that his bundle of rags had cost him a lifetime
of true royalty. He wept bitterly at his folly. And the king wept with (d) him.
(D)
“You wished to see me?” asked the king. “Yes, your majesty. I want so much to attend the
banquet, but I have no royal robes to wear. Please, if I may be so bold, may I have one of your
old garments?” The beggar shook so hard that he could not see the faint smile that was on the
king’s face. The king called to his young prince. “Give him some of your clothes.” The prince
did as (e) he was told and soon the beggar was standing before a mirror, clothed in garments
that he had never dared hope for. “You are now able to attend the king’s banquet tomorrow
night,” said the prince. “But even more important, these garments will last forever.”
책1.indb 174 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:20

26
[20006-0178]
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
27
[20006-0179]
밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
28
[20006-0180]
① 거지는 자신이 입고 있는 누더기 옷을 보고 한숨지었다.

② 거지는 가장 맛있는 음식 중 일부를 먹지 못했다.
③ 거지는 점점 더 자신의 옛 누더기 옷을 좋아하게 되었다.
④ 거지는 왕이 희미하게 미소 짓는 것을 알아차렸다.
⑤ 왕자는 거지가 왕의 연회에 참석할 수 있다고 말했다.
175
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Week
8 Mini Test 2

[20006-0181]
Dear Catherine Olson,
I read this month’s issue with great interest. Your feature article on the Grand
Palm Beach Wedding caught my attention. What a lovely wedding! The photos
were beautiful and the contents of the article were very informative. No wonder
you’re the most prominent editor of the country’s number one wedding magazine.
I’m writing this letter because I am getting married the last week in May in the
garden of a beautiful church. The feature article was very helpful in planning my
wedding, except that I couldn’t find any information on the bridesmaid dress in
the photo. I would really appreciate it if you could give me information about the
dress through the Dear Reader section in next month’s issue. Thanks in advance,
and I look forward to reading more of your articles in the future.
Sincerely,
Janine Robinson
① 결혼식 초대에 대해 감사하려고

② 기사 내용의 오류를 지적하려고
③ 결혼식 참석 가능 여부를 물어보려고
④ 드레스에 관한 정보 게재를 요청하려고
⑤ 결혼식 장소 선정에 관한 조언을 구하려고
책1.indb 176 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:21

02 다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0182]
I drove home, undressed, and got into bed. I was exhausted, but I couldn’t
sleep. My eyes kept sliding open and it was too great an effort to keep them
closed. I got out of bed, went downstairs, and made a cup of camomile tea from
the box Reeny had left behind. After the first sip, I poured the distasteful stuff
down the drain. I trudged upstairs and climbed back into bed, to lie staring into
the dark for another hour, unable to erase the image of Bobbi, looking thin and
drawn, surrounded by beeping machines, with tubes down her throat, needles
inserted into her veins, and electrodes glued to her head and chest. I couldn’t
help but think why she had to go through all this. I didn’t know what frightened
me more: that she might die, that she might never wake up, or that when she did
wake up she wouldn’t be Bobbi anymore.
*trudge 터덜터덜 걷다 **electrode 전극
① hateful and jealous

② worried and scared
③ relaxed and secure
④ outraged and furious
⑤ ashamed and embarrassed
177
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Week
8 Mini Test 2
03 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0183]
There are times when even the best leaders lose their emotional balance.
Leadership brings with it responsibility, and responsibility, in times of serious
adversity, brings emotional confusion and strain. In this sense responsibility is
like a lever, which can upset a leader’s emotional balance when adversity presses
down hard on one end. When the adversity is threatening enough or comes
without warning, it can unbalance the leader at a single stroke. Even a leader as
great as Lincoln was floored more than once in this way. Other times the effect is
cumulative, coming after a period of sustained high tension — of pressure on one
end and resistance on the other — until finally the leader’s equanimity begins to
give way. The point is that every leader has their emotional limits, and there is no
shame in exceeding them.
*floor 곤혹을 겪게 하다 **cumulative 누적된 ***equanimity 평정, 침착
① 일하는 지도자는 많아도 책임감 있는 지도자는 부족하다.

② 지도자가 느끼는 막중한 책임감은 질병의 원인이 될 수 있다.
③ 지도자는 다른 사람과 구별되는 자신만의 철학을 가지고 있다.
④ 지도자도 극심한 역경으로 인해 감정적 불균형을 겪을 수 있다.
⑤ 지도자는 고난을 이겨내기 위해 평소에 정신적 수련이 필요하다.
책1.indb 178 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:21

04 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0184]
It’s tempting to believe that we can trust the media with our kids, that we don’t
need to pay close attention to what movies or TV shows our kids are watching,
what computer games they’re playing, or where they’re surfing on the Internet.
It’s much easier to believe that we can trust the media. After all, we’re only
adding more work and more worry to our lives if we admit that we now need to
be as wary of the media as we are of strangers approaching our children on the
street. As a result, many parents are in a state of “media denial,” while others feel
overwhelmed and helpless. But the fact is, we need to take as much responsibility
for our children’s media consumption as we do for their performance in school
and their physical well-being. If we’re worried about what our kids eat, then we
should certainly be worried about what our kids are watching.
*wary of ~을 조심하는
① 미디어가 줄 수 있는 교육적인 효과에 주목해야 한다.

② 미디어는 다양한 분야의 정보를 골고루 다루어야 한다.
③ 자녀의 미디어 이용에 대해 부모가 책임감을 가져야 한다.
④ 자녀의 언어 능력 향상을 위해 미디어 활용 능력을 길러주어야 한다.
⑤ 부모는 자녀 세대의 미디어 활용 방식에 익숙해지도록 노력해야 한다.
179
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Week
8 Mini Test 2
05 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0185]
As more companies expand their operations globally, the need to understand

the cultures of foreign countries becomes more important. A firm has little
chance of selling products in a culture it does not understand. Like people,
products have cultural values and rules that influence their perception and use.
Culture, therefore, must be understood before the behavior of individuals within
the cultural context can be understood. Colors, for example, may have different
meanings in global markets than they do at home. In China, white is the color of
mourning and brides wear red. In the United States, black is for mourning and
brides wear white. American designers at Universal Studios had to learn about
Japanese culture when planning a new theme park for Japan. After extensive
surveys and product testing, the result was a Universal Studios theme park with
an orderly clockwise layout, Japanese-style American food, and a Jurassic Park
water slide designed to prevent riders from getting wet.
① Involve Customers in Advertising

② Different Cultural Meanings of Colors
③ The Higher the Risk, the More Preparation
④ Understand Cultural Differences to Sell Products
⑤ Two Contrasting Ideas About Balance and Beauty
책1.indb 180 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:21

06 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0186]
Among the powers of government is meting out punishment, and writers such
as Montesquieu, Cesare Beccaria, and the American founders thought afresh
about the government’s license to harm its citizens. Criminal punishment, they
argued, is not a mandate to implement cosmic justice but part of an incentive
structure that discourages antisocial acts without causing more suffering than it
prevents. The reason the punishment should fit the crime, for example, is not to
balance some mystical scale of justice but to ensure that a wrongdoer stops at a
minor crime rather than escalating to a more harmful one. Cruel punishments,
whether or not they are in some sense “deserved,” are no more effective at
preventing harm than moderate but surer punishments, and they desensitize
spectators and brutalize the society that implements them.
*mete out ~을 가하다 **mandate 권한 ***desensitize 둔감하게 만들다
① unintended consequences of criminal punishment

② expected effects of declining crime rates in society
③ legal procedures for executing governmental punishment
④ psychological and physiological causes of criminal behavior
⑤ prevention of crime through appropriate governmental punishment
181
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Week
8 Mini Test 2
07 다음 표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0187]
Internet Users in North America Who Use Select Professional/Sharing

Economy Services, by Age, March 2017
% of respondents in each group
18-34 35+
Preowned goods (e.g., eBay) 50% 36%
Car services (e.g., Uber) 32% 12%
Space to stay (e.g., Airbnb) 30% 11%
Personal services (e.g., house clean/repair) 22% 10%
Professional services (e.g., tax preparation) 20% 7%
Money lending (e.g., Kiva) 17% 4%
Borrowing or lending cars/bikes (e.g., car2go) 14% 4%
The above table shows the result of a March 2017 survey of adult Internet
users in North America who used select professional/sharing economy services.
① Respondents in the 18-34 age group participated in all of the surveyed aspects
of the professional/sharing economy at a greater level than the older respondents.
② Half of the respondents in the younger group had experience of finding a space
to stay from sites like Airbnb, and one-fifth of them used professional services
like tax preparation. ③ The younger group were more likely to use car services;
32% of respondents in the younger age group said they used car services, while
only 12% of respondents aged 35 and older said they did so. ④ More than a third
of respondents 35 years and up said they shopped on sites that sell preowned
goods, such as eBay. ⑤ Borrowing or lending cars/bikes was the service that
showed the smallest difference between the two age groups.
책1.indb 182 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:21

08 The Care and Feeding of Children 에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0188]
In 1909, L. Emmett Holt, M.D., published The Care and Feeding of Children
which was the first widely available parental advice book. It had been originally
published in 1894 as a manual for nursery maids working in a hospital. He
revised the book and put out a new edition specifically for home use. Holt
covered the physical care of infants and children, feeding babies, the diet of older
children and miscellaneous advice on diseases, emergencies, playtime, and baby
temperament. Holt wrote the book in a question and answer format and included
much that could be considered common sense. In the book, he emphasized the
importance of breast milk and supported this fact by citing decreased mortality
rates among breast-fed infants. He concluded “there is no perfect substitute for
good breast feeding.” Holt was a realist, however, and while he devoted nine
pages of his book to breast-feeding, including when, why, and how to wean the
baby by one year of age, he devoted sixty pages to the ins and outs of artificial
feeding.
*miscellaneous 갖가지의 **temperament 기질 ***wean 젖을 떼다
① 최초로 널리 이용 가능한 부모용 조언서였다.

② 원래는 병원에서 일하는 보모들을 위한 안내서로 출판되었다.
③ 질문과 대답의 형식으로 구성되었다.
④ 모유의 중요성을 강조했다.
⑤ 인공 수유보다 모유 수유를 더 많이 다루었다.
183
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 183 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:21

Week
8 Mini Test 2
09 2020 RSA General Election에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0189]
2020 RSA General Election
The Ranten Student Association is a democratic, student-run organisation.

Council is made up of representatives normally elected each year in October.
Positions Available on RSA Council

Campus Representatives (4 positions)
– Capilano Campus Representative (1)
– Burnaby Campus Representative (1)
– Surrey Campus Representative (1)
– Tech Campus Representative (1)
Nominations
The nominations are open from 10 a.m. on Friday, September 11 to 2 p.m.
on Friday, September 25, for every position on RSA Council. Students can be
nominated for any position on Council if they are eligible for that position.
Download and print the nomination form at our website or pick up a free printed
copy at any of our RSA Member Services Offices!
Election Polling
Tuesday, October 13, 2020 & Wednesday, October 14, 2020 10 a.m. – 7 p.m.
Where to vote?
All Campuses: Capilano, Burnaby, Surrey, Tech
Bring your RSA student ID to an on-campus polling station to vote during the
election!
For more information on the RSA General Election, please contact the RSA’s
Chief Returning Officer, Ron Harry, at 555.715.4777 or elections@RSA.ac.ca.
① 4개 캠퍼스 각각의 대표를 뽑는 선거이다.

② 후보 추천은 9월 25일까지 진행된다.
③ 후보 추천 양식을 다운로드할 수 있다.
④ 투표는 10월 14일부터 시작된다.
⑤ 4개 캠퍼스 어디서든지 투표할 수 있다.
책1.indb 184 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:22

10 Hasel Watch 사용에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

[20006-0190]
How to Operate Your Hasel Watch
Button Button
B C
Crown
Button
A
– ‌Hasel Watch is water-resistant only as long as crystal, crown and case remain
intact. Hasel Watch is not a diver watch and should not be used for diving.
– ‌Keep Hasel Watch away from magnets to avoid damage to internal parts.
To Set Time and Calendar

1. To set time, pull the crown out and turn it either way to the correct time.
2. ‌To set calendar, press Button B to bring up calendar display. Press Button C to
adjust year, month, date, and day.
To Use Night Mode Feature

Press and hold Button A for 3 seconds until you hear a beep to activate Night
Mode. Then pressing any button will cause the night-light to illuminate and stay
on for 3 seconds. Night Mode feature will last for 3 hours. To deactivate Night
Mode feature press and hold Button A for 3 seconds.
*crown 용두(龍頭, 손목시계에서 태엽을 감는 꼭지)
① 다이빙할 때 사용해도 된다.

② 용두를 누른 후 돌려서 시간을 설정할 수 있다.
③ 날짜를 설정할 때는 C 버튼을 먼저 누른 후 B 버튼으로 조정한다.
④ 야간 모드가 작동된 상태에서는 아무 버튼이나 눌러도 야간등이 켜진다.
⑤ 야간 모드 기능을 중지할 때 B 버튼을 3초 동안 누른다.
185
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책1.indb 185 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:22

Week
8 Mini Test 2
11 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

[20006-0191]
Pet owners themselves often give signals that can create behaviors that are
the ① opposite of what they want. For example, bite ② inhibition in animals is a
lesson taught by mother, father, and/or siblings in the wild. All puppies have the
instinct to bite and the need to chew during the teeth-cutting months, so they must
be taught by us, their surrogate parents, what they are allowed and not allowed
to put their teeth on. Many humans, however, will play “rough” with their young
animals, ③ forbidding them to be “mouthy” by grabbing clothing, arms, or hair “in
play.” That only teaches the animal to associate placing their teeth on humans as
something fun to do — a behavior that only ④ escalates as they get older. What
started out as a cute puppy antic of grabbing your arm becomes ⑤ unacceptable
behavior when that cute little puppy has grown into a hundred-pound Rottweiler!
*surrogate 대리의 **antic 장난, 우스꽝스러운 일
책1.indb 186 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

12 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0192]
Novice counselors learning active listening techniques often find silences

difficult, just as many of us do in social settings. (A) Remember / Remembering ,
however, that in an active listening setting your client may be processing some
very difficult emotions and struggling to find the right words. Your client may
need space to stop, think and feel. When you are a novice a short silence feels
very long. It is unlikely to feel as long to the client as it does to you. You may be
tempted to jump in, usually with a question, (B) how / which to the client can
feel like an intrusion on their thoughts. You may need to learn to be comfortable
with silence. And you may need to learn to trust yourself with this space in
the helping relationship. If eventually you need to break the silence then it is
probably better to do this with some kind of reflection (C) that / than it is to ask
a question.
*intrusion 침해
(A) (B) (C)

① Remember …… which …… than
② Remember …… which …… that
③ Remember …… how …… than
④ Remembering …… which …… that
⑤ Remembering …… how …… that
187
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 187 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

Week
8 Mini Test 2
13 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

[20006-0193]
Five minutes before dinner, Mom goes to Stephanie’s room and gently touches
her on the shoulder, reminding ① her it’s time to come to dinner. Just before
dinner, ② she gives one last call of, “Stephanie, we’re starting dinner in one
minute.” A minute later, the family sits down at the table, without Stephanie.
A pleasant conversation takes place until 10 minutes later when Stephanie
storms in, complaining that ③ she’s starving. Mom calmly says, “We’ve already
started dinner. There’s extra food on the kitchen counter and you can eat there.”
Stephanie argues that the food is cold. Mom calmly repeats the message that she
can eat the extra food on the counter and that they expect ④ her to eat alone in
the kitchen. There’s no yelling or arguing. Stephanie is getting her dinner. ⑤ She
simply needs to serve herself and eat alone.
책1.indb 188 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23


[20006-0194]
14 Food politics is not a new phenomenon. A battle over the production of bread
in Paris was the occasion of Marie Antoinette’s unfortunate remark about eating
cake, and increases in prices or taxes on food have provoked revolt in countless
countries including colonial America. But in Europe in the twenty-first century,
food politics is directed not at scarcity or justice but at . The
Slow Food movement’s prime concern is to protect the diverse, local traditions
responsible for artisanal food production and encourage people to eat local
ingredients. The threatened loss of specific tastes and the local cultures that
produce them animate this movement. They deploy the aesthetic and symbolic
content of food in a search for a more authentic lifestyle anchored in local
traditions, which then becomes the idiom through which political mobilization
occurs. Thus, the Slow Food movement understands the food artisan, not as a
conservative standing in the way of progress but as someone charged with the
preservation of local heritage.
*artisanal 장인의 **deploy 활용하다
① health
② identity
③ equality
④ globalization
⑤ environment
189
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 189 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

Week
8 Mini Test 2
[20006-0195]
15 There is a story about William Penn, founder of the state of Pennsylvania. Part
of his apparel as an aristocrat was to wear a sword. He asked George Fox, one
of the early members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), whether it
was all right to wear one. Fox’s response was not “Take it off this instant; we are
a pacifist organisation” but “Wear it as long as you can.” I find that a good rule
to live by: eat meat for as long as you can, fly to overseas holidays for as long as
you can, drink alcohol for as long as you can; give up when and if the discomfort
grows too much. Pay attention to . We speak of having
choices and, of course, compared to those who struggle to survive, we do. But
to talk of making decisions is to speak from an external perspective. There is an
interior imperative, and the way becomes clear.
*apparel 복장 **imperative 명령
① the inner truth

② a childish impulse
③ the historical details
④ any social pressures
⑤ the practical possibilities
책1.indb 190 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

[20006-0196]
16 The figures regarding the comparative cost of bottled water show just how
unacceptable it is for public money to be spent on bottled water. At 36 cents
a liter, tap water is 141 times cheaper than the best-selling mineral water in
Europe. Arguably the costs of producing bottled water can be borne by Western
industrialized countries, but from the perspective of middle-income countries,
such as Mexico, such prices are disproportionately high, and it is worrying
that the proliferation of bottled water could induce municipal authorities in
developing nations to . A related issue
involves the rapid proliferation of “dual water pipe” systems, especially in China
and East Asia. On the basis of the assumption that standard municipal hook-ups
are unfit for human consumption, developers have been quick to “add value”
(and profit) to their developments by installing separate “pure water” supply
lines, at great cost to the consumer. What is more, the greater the proliferation
of such systems, the more municipal supply of drinking water (which depends
on extensive cross-subsidies, from urban to rural, from rich to poor, etc.) is
undermined.
*municipal 시의 **hook-up (수도의) 연결부 ***cross-subsidy 상호 보조금
① do nothing to solve the water shortage

② ignore negative environmental impacts
③ deemphasize public drinking water provision
④ pass legislation banning the sale of bottled water
⑤ secure monopoly access to the international market
191
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 191 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

Week
8 Mini Test 2
[20006-0197]
17 Much drinking that people and other animals do does not reduce a water
deficit. For example, the amount that rats drink depends greatly on the time of
day, independent of when the water is actually needed. Rats receiving 50% of
their food during the day drink only about 25% of their water during that time;
they drink most of their water at night even though they aren’t getting most of
their food then. Let’s consider an example that you may be able to relate to more
directly. If you keep a record, you’ll see that you do most of your drinking while
you’re eating a meal. One possible reason might be that you need the water to
help digest your food, to maintain the optimal food to water ratio in your GI
tract. Another possible reason might be that you need the water because the
food is salty and you need to replenish the water that the salt draws out of your
cells. Both reasons are, however, only partly correct. You don’t actually need the
water until several hours after you eat. When you drink during a meal, you’re
anticipating a need for water and taking advantage of available water to prevent a
deficit. Animals drink, as well as eat, before there’s any actual need for doing so,
following the maxim, “ .”
*GI tract 위장관 **replenish 다시 채우다
① Dig a well before you are thirsty

② You seek hot water under cold ice
③ Half a loaf is better than no bread
④ It’s the thirsty man who digs the well
⑤ Little drops of water make the mighty ocean
책1.indb 192 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23


[20006-0198]
Ancient cultures traditionally told stories under the stars and around the
flickering flames of the campfire. ① Some cultures still do so to this day, even
in the United States of the twenty-first century. ② Many continue such traditions
in backyards, on family trips, and at camp. ③ There is no denying, however,
that in the past half century or so the flickering light around which we gather
as clans trends more and more toward the electronic screen, and in recent years
these have become increasingly individual and hand-held rather than communal.
④ Whereas European folklorists remained focused on the oral folklore of the
peasant populations in their regions, the American folklorist chose to consider
Native American cultures in their research, and included the totality of their
customs and beliefs as folklore. ⑤ Nevertheless, the storytelling potential of
constantly evolving social media has much to recommend it as a vehicle for the
transmission of cultural information, and any outright rejection of technology and
other new avenues of communication for the transmission of American “folklore”
is premature and, in the end, unwise.
193
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 193 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

Week
8 Mini Test 2

[20006-0199]
19 The sense of touch is one of the factors which prevent people from being
convinced of the truth that the senses of sight, hearing and taste occur within the
brain.
(A) ‌For instance, if you touch a rough surface, you can never know whether the
surface is, in reality, indeed a rough surface, or how a rough surface actually
feels. That is because you can never touch the original of a rough surface.
The knowledge that you have about touching a surface is your brain’s
interpretation of certain stimuli.
(B) ‌For example, if you told someone that he sees a book within his brain, he
would, if he didn’t think carefully, reply “I can’t be seeing the book in my
brain — look, I’m touching it with my hand”. Or, if we said “we cannot
know whether the original of this book exists as a material object outside or
not”, again the same superficially minded person might answer “no, look, I’m
holding it with my hand and I feel the hardness of it — that isn’t a perception
but an existence which has material reality”.
(C) ‌However, there is a fact that such people cannot understand, or perhaps just
ignore. The sense of touch also occurs in the brain as much as do all the other
senses. That is to say, when you touch a material object, you sense whether it
is hard, soft, wet, sticky or silky in the brain. The effects that come from your
fingertips are transmitted to the brain as an electrical signal and these signals
are perceived in the brain as the sense of touch.
① (A) – (C) – (B)

② (B) – (A) – (C)
③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B)
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
책1.indb 194 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

[20006-0200]
20 When the amygdala is triggered, it “hijacks” or commandeers our entire

biological system to respond to threats. When we detect danger, the response
time of the amygdala is around thirty-three milliseconds — and for some people,
half that time.
(A) ‌In the “tooth and claw” days, this adrenaline-charged system allowed our
ancestors to club the predator, or grab the baby and run. In modern life, the
stress response still saves lives when we hit the brakes to avoid an oncoming
car. However, since our hair-triggered reactions to extreme stressors do not
include a “cognitive review,” we also react to a lot of false alarms.
(B) ‌The prefrontal cortex (our “thinking” brain) requires at least ten times that
amount of time to process information from the environment as a conscious
thought. For millions of years in human evolutionary history, the “fight or
flight” reaction pattern triggered by the amygdala has survived because it
saves lives.
(C) ‌Think of road rage as the adult equivalent of a two-year-old’s (or twelve-
year-old’s) temper tantrum. Every day, in families all over the world, people
yell, scream, curse, and take flight from loved ones when their buttons
(amygdalae) are pushed.
*amygdala 편도체(뇌의 변연계에 속하는 구조의 일부) **commandeer 징발하다 ***temper tantrum 짜증
① (A) – (C) – (B)

② (B) – (A) – (C)
③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B)
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
195
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 195 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

Week
8 Mini Test 2

[20006-0201]
21 This verified the original hypothesis made by the famous physicist Michael
Faraday in 1850 that all ice has an intrinsic thin layer of water at the surface.
For years people thought that ice melting under pressure was the only reason
for ice being slippery. ( ① ) But it turns out that the story is more complex than
that, because it doesn’t explain why ice is still slippery at temperatures well
below its freezing point, or when the pressure isn’t enough to melt it (e.g. ice
is still slippery if you wear flat shoes, not just ice skates). ( ② ) It turns out that
friction plays a big part — as the ice skates, skis, or glaciers slide, the friction
generates heat, which melts the surface of the ice slightly. ( ③ ) But that’s still not
the whole story, as it doesn’t explain why ice is slippery even if you stand still.
( ④ ) Modern analysis has shown that because the molecules at the surface of
ice are inherently unstable due to the lack of molecules above them, the surface
reconstructs to form a liquid-like layer. ( ⑤ ) So ice is slippery due to its inherent
surface water layer, which can be enhanced using pressure and friction.
책1.indb 196 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

[20006-0202]
22 However, extinction can also work on good, desirable behaviors that are not
rewarded.
Extinction involves the removal of a positive reward. Extinction occurs when

one tries to eliminate an undesirable behavior by withholding rewards when
the behavior occurs. ( ① ) A student who is late for class misses the teacher’s
reward for promptness that day. ( ② ) By withholding the reward, the teacher
can eventually eliminate the chronic tardiness (the tardiness becomes extinct).
( ③ ) A student who works hard during class, but whose hard work goes
unnoticed, may soon stop working as diligently. ( ④ ) Can you imagine receiving
the chapter, state, or American FFA (Future Farmers of America) degree with no
awards, no banquet, and no State Convention or National Convention to attend?
( ⑤ ) Without these awards or some other type of recognition, students would no
longer do the work that goes into earning these awards — that behavior would
become extinct.
*tardiness 지각 **chapter (협회 등의) 지부 ***banquet 연회, 만찬
197
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 197 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:23

Week
8 Mini Test 2

[20006-0203]
People tend to overestimate how harshly others will judge them. This dynamic
may apply to the case of help-seeking. Even a small request can make the help-
seeker feel self-conscious, embarrassed, and guilty. In our research, we have
found that the anxiety help-seekers experience over how their request will
come across is surprising to potential helpers who do not know what all the
fuss is about. In one study, we asked two samples of potential helpers (teaching
assistants and peer advisors) to estimate the number of students who would seek
their help during a single semester. The peer advisors overestimated by over
60%, and the teaching assistants by 20%, the number of students who would ask
them for help. This prediction error emerged even though the peer advisors had
been students themselves the prior year, and the majority of teaching assistants
had worked as teaching assistants before (often for the same class). Nevertheless,
their past experience as help-seekers offered no clues in predicting others’ future
help-seeking behavior. *fuss 쓸데없는 걱정
Potential helpers (A) predicted the number of help-seekers that would

visit them because they failed to see that help-seeking behavior might make help-
seekers feel (B) .
(A) (B)
① mistakenly …… included
② mistakenly …… uncomfortable
③ pessimistically …… included
④ reliably …… special
⑤ reliably …… uncomfortable
책1.indb 198 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

As railroads developed during the nineteenth century in the United States, they offered the
world’s first means of transportation that was largely resistant to the effects of bad weather
and able to function throughout the year. The development of the nation’s rail network from
1840 through the 1890s brought (a) reliable movement of people and goods throughout
the nation, with many fewer seasonal impacts than happened to other existing forms of
transportation, all of which suffered greatly with the weather’s capriciousness. Railroads now
enabled farmers to get their harvested crops to market in a matter of days, whether they were
shipped in July or January. Prior to the coming of the railroads, shipments of anything could
not be (b) accomplished during many months of the year, and other forms of moving goods
were extremely slow and apt to be halted for days and weeks by conditions such as low water,
muddy roads, and storms. By contrast, except in extreme weather conditions, trains could be
counted on to (c) reach their destinations on time. Even today, fog, heavy rain or snow and
ice stop commercial aircraft operations and slow vehicular traffic, often causing multiple
accidents. But trains continue to operate in such conditions.
Over the past 150 years, with ever-newer technologies, the railroads have (d) constantly
worked to minimize their weather problems. They have buried cables and employed radios
for communication to (e) suffer the major losses that snowstorms and freezing rain once
caused to their exposed wire-based communication systems. They built snow sheds in
mountainous areas where heavy snow caused trouble. They installed gas-fired heaters to keep
their switches from freezing. Taller and stronger bridges have reduced many flood-related
problems. *capriciousness 변덕스러움, 불규칙적임 **snow shed 눈사태 방지 설비
24
[20006-0204]
① Effects and Problems of Railroad Expansion

② Traffic Chaos: A Major Effect of Severe Weather
③ Railroads: A Weatherproof Means of Transportation
④ Traveling Green: Are Trains Environmentally Friendly?
⑤ Why Are Trains Cheaper than Other Means of Transportation?
25
[20006-0205]
밑줄 친 (a)∼(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
199
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 199 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

Week
8 Mini Test 2
Just off the coast of New Hampshire, USA, the submarine Squalus sailed along the
surface of the Atlantic Ocean. It was 8:40 a.m., on May 23, 1939. Brand-new, Squalus was
undergoing sea-trials before she was delivered to the US Navy.
As she cut through the sea, her captain, 35-year-old Lieutenant Oliver Naquin, stood face
to the wind on the conning tower. The previous 19 test dives he had carried out with his ship
had all gone to plan, but the next procedure would test both the 56 men in (a) his crew, and
their vessel, to the limit. Squalus was about to carry out a practice crash-dive, an emergency
procedure where a submarine under attack on the surface submerges as quickly as possible.
Naquin called down to his radio operator, ordering (b) him to report their position to the
submarine’s home port of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Then he hit a button on the bridge
which sounded the crash dive alarm. (c) He hurried below to the control room, closing
the upper and lower tower hatches. Inside the control room, men stood alert by dials and
instruments, fully involved in the complex sequence of events that would take the submarine
smoothly under the water. Naquin called out a series of well-rehearsed commands: “Secure
all vents.” “Flood main ballast tanks one and two.” Everything was going like clockwork. As
all outside vents and hatches were closed, a set of indicator lights changed from red to green
to show that the ship was sealed against the sea. The ship’s ballast tanks rapidly filled with
water, and Squalus swiftly sank to 15 m. Squalus settled underwater and Naquin and his men
congratulated themselves on a successful operation.
But then a strange sound made (d) him startle. An instant later, a terrified sailor looked up
from an intercom and shouted, “The engine room is flooding!” Naquin gave (e) his order
to surface immediately. Compressed air was injected into the flooded ballast tanks and the
submarine began to rise. The front part of the ship broke the surface, but tons of water were
now pouring into the rear of the ship. The weight of water dragged sharply down the rear of
the ship.
*conning tower (잠수함의) 전망탑 **vent 배기구
***ballast tank 밸러스트 탱크(배의 균형을 유지하기 위해 배의 바닥에 싣는 물 저장 탱크)
책1.indb 200 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

26
[20006-0206]
윗글의 마지막 단락의 상황에 나타난 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은?
① noisy and festive

② tense and urgent
③ sacred and solemn
④ calm and peaceful
⑤ boring and monotonous
27
[20006-0207]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
28
[20006-0208]
① Squalus 호는 미 해군에 인도되기 전에 시험 항해를 받고 있었다.

② Naquin은 자신의 배로 이미 열아홉 차례의 시험 잠수를 수행했다.
③ 조종실의 승조원들은 잠수 과정을 주시하면서 서 있었다.
④ Squalus 호가 밀폐되었을 때 일련의 표시등이 빨간색으로 바뀌었다.
⑤ 압축 공기가 밸러스트 탱크에 주입되자 Squalus 호는 떠오르기 시작했다.
201
Mini Test 2
책1.indb 201 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

Week
9 Mini Test 3

[20006-0209]
Dear library users,
Since the Book Tree Library was founded in 2001 as a place for research and
study, we have made efforts to meet the users’ various needs. We are about to
modernize our services. We strive to develop electronic library resources, as well
as provide remote services to our users. We need to buy more paperback books to
sustain a library you can trust. Funds are needed to employ more administrative
staff. For 20 years, our dream has been to build the library of everything and
make it available to everyone. Please help the Book Tree Library. If everyone
donates $5, we can end this fundraising campaign successfully. With your
donation we can make our dream come true. If you find our library useful, please
help us. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Sarah Lamb
Library Director
① 도서관 운영 예산 사용 내역을 공지하려고

② 도서관 기금 조성 캠페인의 성과를 보고하려고
③ 도서관 발전 기금을 기부해 줄 것을 요청하려고
④ 새로 생긴 도서관 편의 시설 이용을 안내하려고
⑤ 도서관 이용에 관한 설문조사 참여를 부탁하려고
책1.indb 202 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

02 다음 글에 드러난 Billy의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0210]
It was July 1985. Billy gazed up at the enormous building with its nine floors
and its thousand windows. It was the big day, a watershed in his life, and he
couldn’t get his head round it. He’d retired! At last! The enormity of the event
began to sink in, and a shiver of joy ran down his spine. He’d left! Actually left!
Finally got away from the William Pitt College of Technology. What a nightmare
of a job it’d been. Now he was free. No more trying to persuade uncooperative
colleagues to take one of his improvement courses; no more having to bow and
scrape to bosses who paid lip service to the need for his job. No more having to
join the morning rush hour to get to work on time. No more being ruled by the
demands of tight timetables and having to jump whenever some superior gave
the command. Farewell to all that! Now he knew how a prisoner felt on the day
of his release when he heard the gate finally clang behind him.
*watershed 분수령, 분기점 **bow and scrape 굽실거리다
① pleased and relieved

② bored and indifferent
③ jealous and depressed
④ disappointed and irritated
⑤ surprised and sympathetic
203
Mini Test 3
책1.indb 203 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

Week
9 Mini Test 3
03 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0211]
If you’re a young athlete, you, your parents, and your coaches want you to
experience success now because you and they believe that early success is highly
predictive of later success in your sport. Our athletic culture is obsessed with
the “phenom” and the “can’t-miss kid,” who show earlier dominance in a sport.
Yet, although there have been phenoms who went on to great success later in
their careers, this perception is as much fantasy as reality. For example, out of
the thousands of young baseball players who have competed in the Little League
World Series throughout the years, fewer than 50 went on to major-league
careers. In fact, phenoms are a statistical rarity, and those can’t-miss kids often
do miss later in their athletic careers. More often than not, it is the athletes who
keep at it through setbacks, plateaus, and failures who ultimately “make it.” Your
efforts early on as you strive for your sports goals should be devoted to preparing
yourself for success in the future, when it matters most, not achieving quick and
immediate success.
*phenom 천재 **plateau 정체기
① 운동선수는 과정을 즐기며 작은 성취의 경험을 많이 쌓아야 한다.

② 정부와 지역 사회는 유소년 리그에 대한 지원을 대폭 강화해야 한다.
③ 부모와 코치들은 어린 운동선수에게 지나친 부담을 주지 말아야 한다.
④ 어린 운동선수는 즉각적인 성공보다 장기적 목표를 위해 노력해야 한다.
⑤ 재능이 뛰어난 어린 운동선수를 위한 장기적 프로그램을 개발해야 한다.
책1.indb 204 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

04 밑줄 친 It wouldn’t take long before you quickly left the gene pool이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한
것은?
[20006-0212]
Why did evolution decide to ban muscle activity during REM sleep? Because
by eliminating muscle activity you are prevented from acting out your dream
experience. During REM sleep, there is a nonstop barrage of motor commands
swirling around the brain, and they underlie the movement-rich experience of
dreams. Wise, then, of Mother Nature to have tailored a physiological straitjacket
that forbids these fictional movements from becoming reality, especially
considering that you’ve stopped consciously perceiving your surroundings. You
can well imagine the disastrous outcome of falsely enacting a dream fight, or a
frantic sprint from an approaching dream foe, while your eyes are closed and you
have no comprehension of the world around you. It wouldn’t take long before
you quickly left the gene pool. The brain paralyzes the body so the mind can
dream safely.
*barrage 집중 공세 **straitjacket 구속복
① ‌Movement commands rarely occur while you dream, so you never severely injure
yourself.
② ‌If you were deprived of REM sleep, your physical health would immediately be put
at real risk.
③ ‌As paralysis provides an instant protective mechanism, you can’t distinguish between
dream and reality.
④ ‌Because the body is paralyzed during REM sleep, you couldn’t move even if something
urgent was happening.
⑤ ‌If you converted dream-related motor impulses into real-world physical actions, it
might soon lead to deadly consequences.
205
Mini Test 3
책1.indb 205 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

Week
9 Mini Test 3
05 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0213]
When you and your daughter hear the word volunteering, what’s the first image
that comes to your mind? Donating your outgrown clothes to the Salvation
Army? Maybe you think volunteering means you have to go to Africa and live in
a mud hut and eat raw bugs while teaching Sunday School to starving children.
Actually, those are ways to volunteer, yet the world of volunteering is much
broader than the stereotypical ideas most people have. There are hundreds of
ways to volunteer, from collecting newspapers for the Humane Society to playing
the guitar at an assisted living center. There’s a volunteer possibility just right for
your daughter. I have a friend who loves gymnastics, so she volunteers at a local
gym and teaches kids to somersault and do cartwheels. That’s a long way from
eating raw bugs in Africa! She found something that she loved doing and gives
her time helping others.
*gymnastics 체조 **somersault 공중제비를 하다 ***cartwheel 옆으로 재주넘기
① 자원봉사를 통해 다양한 사람들과 교류할 수 있다.

② 자원봉사자의 연령층 및 직업별 구성이 다양해지고 있다.
③ 자원봉사는 남들뿐만 아니라 자신을 위한 활동이기도 하다.
④ 자원봉사는 고정관념을 벗어나 다양한 방식으로 할 수 있다.
⑤ 자원봉사는 단기간에 끝내기보다는 지속적으로 행해야 한다.
책1.indb 206 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

▶ [06~07] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

[20006-0214]
06 How often do we think about the air we breathe, the water we drink, or the soil
our agribusiness conglomerates plant our vegetables in? Not often enough. The
typical attitude toward natural resources is often deliberate ignorance. Only when
someone must wait in line for hours to fill the car gas tank does gasoline become
a concern. Only when people can see — and smell — the air they breathe and
cough when they inhale does air become a visible resource. Water, the universal
solvent, causes no concern (and very little thought) until shortages occur, or until
it is so foul that nothing can live in it or drink it. Only when we lack water or
the quality is poor do we think of water as a resource to ‘‘worry’’ about. Is soil
a resource or is it “dirt?” Unless you farm, or plant a garden, soil is only ‘‘dirt.’’
Whether you pay any heed to the soil/dirt debate depends on what you use soil
for — and on how hungry you are.
*conglomerate 복합 기업 **inhale 숨을 들이쉬다 ***pay heed to ~에 주의를 기울이다
① When We Care About Natural Resources

② How Agricultural Policies Promote Pollution
③ Why Environmental Health Matters to Human Health
④ Economic Impacts of Natural Resource Development
⑤ Corruption Problems in Natural Resource Management
207
Mini Test 3
책1.indb 207 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

Week
9 Mini Test 3
[20006-0215]
07 Twenty to thirty years is a long time in the annals of information technology —

long enough to allow us to discern a fundamental rift between the inner workings
of yesterday’s and today’s computational tools. At the beginning, in the 1990s,
we used our brand-new digital machines to implement the old science we knew
— in a sense, we carried all the science we had over to the new computational
platforms we were then just discovering. Now, to the contrary, we are learning
that computers can work better and faster when we let them follow a different,
nonhuman, postscientific method; and we increasingly find it easier to let
computers solve problems in their own way — even when we do not understand
what they do or how they do it. In a metaphorical sense, computers are now
developing their own science — a new kind of science. Thus, just as the digital
revolution of the 1990s (new machines, same old science) generated a new way
of making, today’s computational revolution (same machines, but a brand-new
science) is generating a new way of thinking.
*annals 역사 **rift 간극, 균열
① Finding Global Solutions to Computer Viruses

② Building Computational Tools Using New Technology
③ Computational Engineers: Moving to the Driver’s Seat
④ Today’s Computational Tools: Developing Their Own Science
⑤ The Integrated Future of Computational Science and Engineering
책1.indb 208 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:24

08 다음 표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0216]
Ten Countries’ Tourism Density Index in 2017
Country Tourist /Local Ratio Number of Locals Number of Tourists

Croatia 13.81 4,170,600 57,587,000
Iceland 5.66 334,250 1,891,000
Hungary 5.39 9,817,960 52,890,000
Denmark 5.01 5,731,120 28,692,000
France 3.03 66,896,110 202,930,000
Czech Republic 2.93 10,561,630 30,915,000
Singapore 2.93 5,607,280 16,404,000
Cyprus 2.81 1,170,130 3,286,000
Greece 2.61 10,746,740 28,071,000
Spain 2.49 46,443,960 115,561,000
The table above compares the number of tourists to the number of locals in
the selected ten countries in 2017. ① Of the ten countries, France had the largest
number of locals, but its tourist / local ratio ranked fifth, with a ratio of 3.03.
② Iceland had the smallest number of tourists and locals, but its tourist / local
ratio was the second highest among the ten countries. ③ Of the ten countries,
Croatia had the highest tourist / local ratio, at 13.81. ④ The Czech Republic
and Singapore had the same tourist/local ratio of 2.93, but the Czech Republic
surpassed Singapore both in the number of tourists and locals. ⑤ Spain had the
lowest tourist / local ratio, but it had the largest number of tourists among the ten
countries.
209
Mini Test 3
책1.indb 209 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:25

Week
9 Mini Test 3
09 Walter Mischel에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0217]
Walter Mischel was born in Vienna in 1930, in a house that was a short walk
away from where Sigmund Freud lived. His family moved to New York when
he was 10 years old to escape from the Nazis. He studied psychology but
qualified as a social worker. He suggested that the early link with Freud led him
to begin his career as an advocate of Freud and psychoanalysis. However, he
found that the psychoanalytic approach was of little help in his work with inner-
city aggressive youngsters. This led him to undertake a PhD in psychology at
Ohio State University, where he worked with George Kelly and Julian Rotter.
After graduation he worked at Harvard University and then Stanford University
before moving to Columbia University in 1984. While at Harvard he worked on
a project assessing performance for the Peace Corps and found that global trait
measures of personality were not good predictors of performance.
① 프로이트가 살던 곳과 가까운 집에서 1930년에 태어났다.

② 10살 때 가족이 나치를 피해 뉴욕으로 이주했다.
③ 프로이트와 정신분석학 지지자로서 자신의 경력을 시작했다.
④ Ohio 주립 대학교에서 심리학 박사 학위 과정을 시작했다.
⑤ Columbia 대학교를 거쳐 Harvard 대학교에서 근무했다.
책1.indb 210 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:25

10 My-light Headlamp에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

[20006-0218]
My-light Headlamp
For running, camping, hiking, biking, emergency or any outdoor activities!
◈ This headlamp:
– weighs only 4 ounces (with batteries) and is easily adjustable
– has 7 lights modes: ‌Floodlight (High and Low)
Red light (High and SOS)
Spotlight (Middle, High, and Low)
*‌Red light with two separate switches is perfect
for preserving night vision.
◈ Long Battery Life:

This headlamp is powered by 3 AAA batteries,
lasting for up to 100 hours.
*Waterproofed against water spray and running water

*Make your gear more portable and convenient with a free waterproof plastic
box.
◈ Notice:
Light intensity varies depending on the type of battery being used.
Please don’t point the flashlight in anyone’s eyes.
① 건전지를 포함한 무게가 4온스이다.

② 스포트라이트 모드에는 세 가지가 있다.
③ AAA 건전지 3개가 사용되며 100시간까지 지속된다.
④ 방수 플라스틱 상자는 별도로 구입해야 한다.
⑤ 빛의 강도는 사용하는 건전지의 종류에 따라 달라진다.
211
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책1.indb 211 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:25

Week
9 Mini Test 3
11 Advanced Medical Science Competition에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

[20006-0219]
Advanced Medical Science Competition

Find the nuclei in diverse images to advance medical discovery!
The competition is open to residents of Canada and the United States of America.
You must be 18 years old or more.
Rules:
▶Multiple individuals may form a team, but you should join only one team.
▶There is no limit to the team size.
▶You should submit 2 finals for judging.
Timeline:
▶It starts May 11th, 2020 and ends June 17th, 2020.
▶The entry deadline is on Friday June 12th, 2020.
Prizes:
1st place - $600 / 2nd place - $300 / 3rd place - $150
4th place - $100 / 5th place - $60
*All winners will be announced on our website and instructions on how to claim
your prize will be officially sent via email.
For more information, please visit our website at www.medsci.org.
*nucleus 세포핵 (pl. nuclei)
① 캐나다에 거주하는 사람만 참가 자격이 있다.

② 여러 팀에 소속되어 참가할 수 있다.
③ 심사를 위해 두 개의 출품작을 제출해야 한다.
④ 출품작 제출 마감 기한은 2020년 6월 17일이다.
⑤ 상금을 청구하는 방법은 웹사이트에 게재한다.
책1.indb 212 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

12 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
[20006-0220]
In no way is the use of the word “concept” intended to suggest that perceiving
is an intellectual operation. The processes in question must ① be thought of as
occurring within the visual sector of the nervous system. But the term concept is
intended to suggest a striking similarity between the elementary activities of the
senses and the higher ② ones of thinking or reasoning. So great is this similarity
③ which many psychologists attributed the achievements of the senses to secret
aid supposedly rendered them by the intellect. Those psychologists spoke of
unconscious conclusions or computations because they assumed that perception
itself could do no more than ④ mechanically register the impingements of
the outer world. It seems now that the same mechanisms operate on both the
perceptual and the intellectual level, so that terms like concept, judgment, logic,
abstraction, conclusion, computation, ⑤ are needed in describing the work of the
senses.
*impingement 영향, 충돌
213
Mini Test 3
책1.indb 213 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

Week
9 Mini Test 3
13 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

[20006-0221]
One alternative to self-disclosure is to keep your thoughts and feelings

to yourself. You can get a sense of how much you rely on silence instead
of disclosing by keeping a record of when you do and don’t express your
opinions. You’re likely to find that (A) exposing / withholding thoughts
and feelings is a common approach for you. Telling the whole truth may be
honest, but it can jeopardize you, the other person, and your relationship. Most
(B) inconsiderate / thoughtful communicators would keep quiet rather than
give unwanted opinions like “You look awful” or “You talk too much.” Social
scientists have found that people often make distinctions between “lies of
omission” and “lies of commission” — and that saying nothing (omission)
is usually judged less (C) harshly / moderately than telling an outright lie
(commission). One study showed that in the workplace, holding back information
is often seen as a better alternative than lying or engaging in intentional
deception.
*jeopardize 위태롭게 하다
(A) (B) (C)

① exposing …… inconsiderate …… harshly
② exposing …… thoughtful …… moderately
③ withholding …… thoughtful …… harshly
④ withholding …… thoughtful …… moderately
⑤ withholding …… inconsiderate …… harshly
책1.indb 214 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26


[20006-0222]
14 Sociologist Erving Goffman notes “that when an individual appears before

others he will have many motives for trying to control the impression they
receive of the situation.” We want to be liked and to have our ideas accepted.
We want others to show regard for our feelings and for the values that serve as
the anchors for our actions. Goffman reminds us that children, teachers, parents,
close friends, employees, employers, spouses, lovers, and coworkers all have
strategies for projecting their interests to those with whom they come in contact.
He referred to such strategies as impression management. Since we perform
many of these roles simultaneously, we are constantly faced with the imperatives
of making our actions and attitudes acceptable to others. Every role we play
carries a number of possible strategies for influencing others. In words, gestures,
and small signs, we leave a trail of cues that are meant to guide the responses
of our audiences. No moment in the routine events of the day is too small to be
completely without .
① conflict
② variation
③ persuasion
④ cooperation
⑤ responsibility
215
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책1.indb 215 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

Week
9 Mini Test 3
[20006-0223]
15 Entrepreneurs succeed by providing customers with businesses and services

they value. This requires knowledge of what people value and how to provide
those goods and services. It is hard to succeed without that knowledge. The
person who observes a change in consumption patterns will not necessarily
realize its importance unless he or she is familiar with the product or industry.
Business people draw on their knowledge acquired from experience to make
more accurate assessments of areas of possible demand. Part of this involves
getting into the heads of the consumers to see how they perceive products in
relation to their needs. In so doing, you need to be aware of changes in lifestyles
of consumers and their product needs. With this knowledge, you can create
a product that connects with the changing lifestyles of the potential market.
Firms that put together new combinations of technologies and build products
that should have greater potential for
survival than those that do not.
① fit into buyers’ thought systems

② can be manufactured at a low cost
③ reflect employees’ innovative ideas
④ occupy markets ahead of competitors
⑤ are guaranteed with services available anytime
책1.indb 216 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

[20006-0224]
16 The mystery of is a particularly

fascinating paradox that has puzzled philosophers for centuries, with very little
empirical research on the subject until the last decade. ‘Negative’ emotions such
as sadness are generally held to involve avoidance behaviours according to most
models of emotion, impelling us to escape from situations or people that make
us feel sad, thus protecting us from potential danger. We could expect, therefore,
that people would usually display a preference for listening to happy music.
Research supports this idea, with findings that people do mostly prefer to listen
to up-tempo music in major keys, music which is usually perceived as happy.
Counterintuitively, however, in the case of music or other aesthetic experiences,
the evidence suggests that we also willingly seek out experiences of sadness,
even seeming to enjoy them. As David Hume says, “they are pleased as they are
afflicted, and never so happy as when they employ tears, sobs and cries to give
vent to their sorrow.”
*empirical 실증적인 **give vent to (감정 등을) 발산하다
① why we are attracted to sad music

② how the brain processes musical emotion
③ why people respond differently to the same music
④ how music can be a more powerful tool than language
⑤ how music alters our emotional perceptions of other people
217
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책1.indb 217 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

Week
9 Mini Test 3
[20006-0225]
17 The form of street art . In open,

pluralistic societies, collectives competing for political space often utilize
all forms to record their historical memory. However, in noncompetitive,
authoritarian systems where government dominates public space, graffiti becomes
the primary medium; posters, wallpaintings, and murals are more risky. Until the
twilight of the Augusto Pinochet regime, the painting of murals ceased because
of the high political risks. Leaflets supplemented the underground graffiti. At
times they were displayed as wallposters. Themes also adapt to reflect pressing
national problems. In an authoritarian system, political matters take precedence
over social, cultural, and economic questions. The opposition’s push is to resolve
political questions first; their themes record a regime’s sins. In a competitive
system, once the transition questions are resolved, the street art begins to reflect
an array of pressing problems — political, social, economic, or cultural in nature.
These are recorded in posters, graffiti, wallpaintings, and murals.
*pluralistic 다원적인 **graffiti 그라피티, (건물 등의 벽에 그린) 낙서 ***mural 벽장식, 벽화
① sparks varied opinions about its influence

② reflects the unfulfilled dreams of the creator
③ determines what the future of a society will be like
④ changes to meet the conditions of the political system
⑤ responds to the overwhelming support from the public
책1.indb 218 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26


[20006-0226]
The American Revolution (1774–83) ranks among the most written about
episodes in history. It achieved independence and forged a great nation. ① But
historians and readers have mostly approached it as an isolated American drama,
the decisive formative episode in the history of the nation-state. ② That it also
exerted an immense social, cultural, and ideological impact on the rest of the
world that proved fundamental to the shaping of democratic modernity has
attracted little attention since the mid-nineteenth century until very recently.
③ The American Revolution, preceding the great French Revolution of 1789–99,
was the first and one of the most momentous upheavals of a whole series of
revolutionary events gripping the Atlantic world during the three-quarters of
a century from 1775 to 1848–49. ④ The United States that emerged in 1787
was predominantly undemocratic and by and large not designed to promote
the welfare of society as a whole. ⑤ Like the French Revolution, these were all
profoundly affected by, and impacted on, America in ways rarely examined and
discussed in broad context.
*forge (힘들여) 만들어 내다 **upheaval 대변동, 격변
219
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책1.indb 219 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

Week
9 Mini Test 3

[20006-0227]
19 A very few animal species have rudimentary culture. A local troop of Japanese
macaques have learned, from the example an innovative female in their midst
provided, how to clean sweet potatoes by washing them in water.
(A) ‌Linguists define it as the highest form of communication, an endless

combination of words translatable into symbols, and arbitrarily chosen to
confer meaning. They are used to label any conceivable entity, process, or
one or more attributes that define entity and process.
(B) ‌These are among the very rare examples of true cultures — behavior invented
by individuals and groups and passed on by the social learning of others. But
no animal species, at least none out of the more than one million known, has
a language. What then is language — what exactly?
(C) ‌Equally impressive, members of at least one chimpanzee troop use bush
stems stripped of leaves to fish for termite soldiers, the suicidally aggressive
insect fighters that bite and hold on to any invader of their nest. Members of
a second group of chimpanzees have learned from one another how to swim
and dive or otherwise move through water.
*rudimentary 초보적인 **Japanese macaque 일본원숭이 ***termite 흰개미
① (A) – (C) – (B)

② (B) – (A) – (C)
③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B)
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
책1.indb 220 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

[20006-0228]
20 Fear of radiation is problematic considering the trend in radiation exposures.

Since 1980, the background radiation exposure level for Americans has doubled,
and is likely to continue to climb. Similar patterns are occurring in all of the
developed and developing countries.
(A) ‌Under such circumstances, the “average” background radiation level means
little to the individual. People need to be aware of their personal radiation
exposures and weigh the risks and benefits before agreeing to subject
themselves to medical radiation procedures.
(B) ‌This increase in background radiation is almost entirely due to the expanding
use of radiation procedures in medicine. The benefits of diagnostic radiology
in identifying disease and monitoring treatment progress have been
significant.
(C) ‌However, radiation has also been overused in many circumstances, conveying
little or no benefits to patients while still subjecting them to increased
risks. Furthermore, medical radiation is not distributed evenly across the
population. While some people are getting no medical radiation exposure at
all, others are receiving substantial doses.
*diagnostic radiology 진단 방사선학
① (A) – (C) – (B)

② (B) – (A) – (C)
③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B)
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
221
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책1.indb 221 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

Week
9 Mini Test 3

[20006-0229]
21 Fans have an emotional attachment to their favorite teams and athletes,

irrespective (mostly) of their recent performances.
Unlike conventional marketing activities, like advertising and promotions,

that are planned and scripted, sports events are inherently unpredictable. Fans,
athletes, teams, and companies do not know outcomes. ( ① ) Despite even the
most formidable track records of success, one cannot know for certain whether
past sport performances will continue or whether expectations will be turned
upside down. ( ② ) This very unpredictability separates sports from almost all
other corporate marketing activities. ( ③ ) Indeed, many business managers
find this prospect of uncertainty distinctly uncomfortable and consequently
shy away from using sports as a marketing platform. ( ④ ) Yet sports fans
follow sports partly because outcomes are not guaranteed. ( ⑤ ) If sports were
scripted then they would lose credibility, spontaneity would be lost, and they
would be no different than a conventional company-directed ad campaign.
책1.indb 222 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

[20006-0230]
22 The problems that undermine their efforts to succeed (and instructors’ efforts to
help them) arise from numerous sources.
Formal education has had a major and positive impact on society, but it is also
true that not all students meet their learning aspirations. ( ① ) Many children
and adults struggle to learn and many are left behind. ( ② ) A short list includes
poor nutrition, poor physical or mental health, a lack of motivation, boredom,
social and interpersonal problems at school or at home, ineffective approaches
to learning, learning disabilities, and poor access to educational resources.
( ③ ) Successfully solving these problems will require many solutions and only
a subset of them are targeted by cognitive psychologists. ( ④ ) This subset of
problems is nevertheless fundamental to education and, in general, includes the
difficulties that many students have in effectively learning and understanding new
ideas and concepts, correcting misconceptions, achieving proficiency in math and
reading, and thinking critically. ( ⑤ ) Even in the best of circumstances, many
students will still struggle, and many of the efforts of cognitive and educational
psychologists are aimed at helping students more effectively learn and teachers
more effectively teach.
223
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책1.indb 223 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:26

Week
9 Mini Test 3

[20006-0231]
Whereas nineteenth-century dietary reformers worried that we’d stopped

baking our own bread, today’s food evangelists worry that we’ve stopped cooking
altogether. It’s true that families eat out more than in the past. And women
spend less time cooking than they did a few generations ago. But oversimplified
comparisons of today’s families with those of previous generations fail to
acknowledge the fact that Americans have long depended on the labor of others
to get dinner on the table. Poor white women and women of color prepared many
people’s meals a century ago, just as they do today. The difference is that these
women previously worked inside the home, as domestic laborers, rather than in
restaurants. At the peak, almost two million domestic workers were employed in
American households. Anthropologist Amy Trubek notes that idealized visions of
home cooking persistently neglect “the many generations of paid cooks who first
worked in homes and then in commercial settings to make these meals possible.”
*evangelist 전도사
While (A) cooking has decreased in the United States, it has been
overlooked that regardless of their service location, (B) cooks have
provided meals for many people for many generations.
(A) (B)
① domestic …… foreign
② domestic …… hired
③ elaborate …… devoted
④ elaborate …… experienced
⑤ simple …… underpaid
책1.indb 224 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:27

In an experiment, more than one hundred volunteers were shown two photographs, each
of a woman’s face. After looking at both pictures for a few seconds, they had to choose the
one that looked most attractive to them. Immediately after three such choices, subjects were
shown again the face they had just chosen and were asked to explain their choice. They
readily complied. On three other trials, the experimentalist, in a sleight of hand, exchanged
the picture of the chosen woman with the opposite image. That is, immediately after deciding
that woman A was more attractive, a double-card ploy was used to (a) confront subjects with
the picture of woman B and they had to explain why they chose her (the two women depicted
on the photos were quite distinct). Remarkably, most of the time the subjects were fooled.
Only in fewer than 25% of trials were participants (b) aware that their original choice was not
honored, that they had been fooled. Most of the time, they ignored the (c) agreement between
their original conscious decision and what they were told they had decided. And even more
remarkably, they proceeded to (d) justify this choice even though it contradicted what they
actually did a few seconds earlier: “She’s radiant. I would rather have approached her than
the other one. I like her earrings,” even though the original choice looked solemn and had no
earrings. What choice blindness reveals is that people often have no idea why they choose the
way they do. But their (e) urge to explain their actions is such that this does not prevent them
from making up a story on the spot, confabulating without knowing it.
*a sleight of hand 날랜 손재주, 교묘한 속임수 **confabulate 얘기를 만들어 내다
24
[20006-0232]
① Your Choices Define Who You Are

② What Constitutes Rational Choice?
③ Minor Choices Can Impact Your Entire Future
④ Decision Making: What Is Best vs. What Looks Best
⑤ Do You Know Why You Make the Decisions You Do?
25
[20006-0233]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
225
Mini Test 3
책1.indb 225 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:27

Week
9 Mini Test 3
(A)
It was one of the great moments in Australian sport. You see, when Raelene Boyle won gold
in (a) her last race, at the Brisbane Commonwealth Games in 1982 — roaring home in the
400 metres — the stadium roared even as the nation came to a standstill. Raelene, a beloved
figure, who had been denied gold in the previous two Olympics at the hands of East Germans,
had at least and at last the perfect finish to her career. And who has been organised to present
the medal at such an emotion-charged, proud, national moment? Why, none other than Betty
Cuthbert!
(B)
Just one step inside the tunnel, however, the instant (b) she is out of public view, she
collapses into the arms of officials. There is a flood of tears, of pain from the multiple
sclerosis and sheer emotion. It takes a while, but after she sobs out the story of what Raelene
had said to her on the dais, everyone within earshot is crying too.
*multiple sclerosis (근육·신경의) 다발성 경화증 **dais 단상
(C)
But now, as Raelene leans further forward, it brings her mouth close to Betty’s ear, enabling
her to whisper, ‘Don’t believe it. There’s only one golden girl. And it’s you, Betty Cuthbert.’
Betty’s knees tremble with emotion. And yet, though hands reach out to support her, she
waves them away, stands tall for the national anthem, then makes her way, still upright and
unaided, 100 metres or more back into the bowels of the stadium — using all those qualities
of pride, resilience and strength that had made (c) her such a champion all those years ago.
*bowels 내부
(D)
Betty, a legend of her own time, had three Olympic gold medals to her credit from a quarter-
century earlier, before she contracted multiple sclerosis — which is why in 1982 (d) she was
mostly wheelchair-bound. But not for this occasion! No, to give Raelene her medal, Betty is
determined to do it on her own two feet, and now, painfully, slowly, makes her way forward
unaided right to the dais in the centre of the stadium. As the crowd roars even more, (e) she
reaches up with the gold medal to put it around the neck of the crowd’s heroine, while the big
screen flashes the very words the announcer is intoning to the stadium, ‘RAELENE — OUR
GOLDEN GIRL.’
*intone 천천히 또박또박 말하다
책1.indb 226 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:27

26
[20006-0234]
① (B) – (D) – (C) ② (C) – (B) – (D)

③ (C) – (D) – (B) ④ (D) – (B) – (C)
⑤ (D) – (C) – (B)
27
[20006-0235]
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
28
[20006-0236]
① Raelene은 두 번의 올림픽에서 금메달을 받지 못했다.

② Raelene이 단상에서 한 말을 Betty에게서 들은 사람들은 눈물을 흘렸다.
③ Betty는 국가가 연주되는 동안 다른 사람들의 부축을 받았다.
④ Betty는 올림픽에서 세 개의 금메달을 땄다.
⑤ Betty는 휠체어를 타지 않고 단상으로 천천히 걸어갔다.
227
Mini Test 3
책1.indb 227 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:27

한눈에 보는 정답
틀리기 쉬운 유형편
Exercise
강
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
01 ② ④ ② ④ ③ ② ⑤ ③ ② ① ③ ①
02 ② ③ ② ④ ① ④ ② ③ ① ④ ③ ③
03 ⑤ ④ ⑤ ④ ② ⑤ ③ ① ④ ③ ② ⑤
04 ② ① ② ⑤ ④ ④ ④ ④ ② ④ ⑤ ④
05 ① ④ ② ② ⑤ ③ ① ③ ③ ④ ④ ④
06 ③ ③ ④ ③ ① ③ ③ ② ③ ⑤ ① ④
07 ① ④ ⑤ ⑤ ③ ⑤ ⑤ ③ ⑤ ④ ③ ④
08 ④ ③ ⑤ ③ ③ ② ③ ④ ② ③ ③ ④
09 ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ② ④ ⑤ ③ ③ ④ ① ④ ④ ③ ⑤
10 ② ⑤ ① ② ① ③ ⑤ ④ ② ④ ① ② ⑤ ③
11 ② ⑤ ③ ⑤ ⑤ ③ ② ④ ⑤ ③ ④ ④ ④ ③
12 ② ② ④ ③ ② ③ ③ ④ ⑤ ④ ③ ③ ④ ⑤
책1.indb 228 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:27

Mini Test
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
⑤ ⑤ ④ ② ④ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ③
Mini 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Test
1 ④ ④ ① ④ ② ④ ③ ④ ② ④
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
⑤ ③ ④ ⑤ ⑤ ④ ⑤ ④
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
④ ② ④ ③ ④ ⑤ ② ⑤ ④ ④
Mini 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Test
2 ③ ① ② ② ① ③ ① ④ ③ ②
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
⑤ ③ ② ③ ⑤ ② ② ④
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
③ ① ④ ⑤ ④ ① ④ ⑤ ⑤ ④
Mini 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Test
3 ③ ③ ③ ③ ① ① ④ ④ ⑤ ③
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
⑤ ② ② ⑤ ③ ⑤ ① ③
책1.indb 229 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:27

20
20
EBS 고교 교재 로드맵
고교 교재 선택, 더 이상 고민하지 마세요!
EBS 과목별 고교 교재 시리즈로 선택만 하면 됩니다.
이제 수준과 목표만 정하고 바로 시작할 수 있습니다.
고1 ~ 고2
고교 입문 내신 + 수능 기본 개념
국공따
(국어 공부 따로 하지 마라)
국어 특화 기본서
윤혜정의 나비효과
국어 국어 독해의 원리
입문편
국어 문법의 원리
어휘가 독해다!
기본서
단계별 영어 특화
[고1 예비] 올림포스
영어 2020년, 영어 POWER 시리즈
(Grammar / Reading / Listening /
내 등급은? Voca POWER)
고등
예비
과정
기초 초급 고급
50일 올림포스 올림포스
수학 닥터링 고난도
수학
수학 특화 기본서 수학의 왕도
한국사
기본서 개념완성
사회
개념완성 문항편
과학
책1.indb 230 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:27

고2 ~ 예비 고3 고3
단기/특화 · 수능 입문 기출문제 수능 실전
연계교재 고난도 모의고사
단기 특강
수능특강
FINAL
실전모의고사
수능연계완성
수능 3/4주 특강
고난도·신유형
감(感) 잡기
수능완성
2022학년도
EBS 만점마무리
수능 스타트 강의노트
수능기출의 봉투모의고사
수능개념 연계교재
미래 보완학습
수능특강
수능특강 사용설명서
Light
발행과목
국어·수학·영어
한국사·사회·과학 수능의
7대 함정
고난도 시크릿χ
수능연계 봉투모의고사
교재의
VOCA 1800
책1.indb 231 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:28

Memo
책1.indb 232 2019-12-30 오후 4:07:28

Ebs 2021

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001~005 2021수특(영어독해)부속.

indd 1 2019-12-30 오후 4:33:52

예·복습과 정리를 통한 내재화

학생 모르는 문제, 찍어서 해설 강의 수강 교사 교재 문항을 한글(HWP)문서로 저장

※ EBSi 고교강의 앱 설치 후 이용하실 수 있습니다.

책1.indb 2 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:07

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

*rhetorical 수사적 효과를 노린 **inalienable 빼앗을 수 없는

8 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습

책1.indb 4 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:08

■ EBSi(http://www.ebsi.co.kr)로 들어오셔서 회원으로 등록하세요.

책1.indb 5 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:08

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① teaching tool ② group activity

1. o : the point or place where something begins or is created

6 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습

책1.indb 6 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:08

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① refraining from making new attempts

1. a : of a quality that is acceptable but not better than acceptable

책1.indb 7 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Vocabulary knowledge extends beyond the local meaning of a sentence or paragraph;

① A critic’s opinions and biases ② Seemingly small word choices

1. c : an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands

8 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습

책1.indb 8 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① primarily based on human ideals

1. d : the act of writing or saying in words what somebody or something is like

책1.indb 9 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① are addicted to spending too much time

1. p : the act of showing something to someone so that it can be seen or considered

10 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습

책1.indb 10 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 밑줄 친 Every no sparks a corresponding yes가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

① To improve your life, you must learn to say no politely.

1. g : to produce or create something

책1.indb 11 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

1. u : to weaken or ruin by degrees

12 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습

책1.indb 12 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① to meet changing needs

1. i : having a tendency, preference, or disposition

책1.indb 13 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

1. u : most important, highest, last, or final

14 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습

책1.indb 14 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① synthesizing previously fragmented ideas

책1.indb 15 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:09

▶ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① is not merely a matter of attention or activation

1. p : an event or situation that can be seen to happen or exist

16 EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습

책1.indb 16 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10

① There are a lot of diverse materials used for music lessons.

1. p : a strong feeling of enthusiasm or excitement for something or about doing something

책1.indb 17 2019-12-30 오후 4:13:10