THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Finance and Banking

----------

ESSAY
Topic: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
WILD CONSERVATION PROGRAMS

Subject: Developing IELTS 2

Implemented by: Group 2
Class: 23106ENTI0814
Lecturer: Mrs. Nguyen Thuy Linh & Mrs. Vu Thi Thu Trang

Hanoi – 2023
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Survey on Wild Conservation Program Awareness Result...........................1

1.1. Introduction.......................................................................................1

1.2. Methodology......................................................................................2

1.3. Result..................................................................................................2

II. Wild Conservation program analysis........................................................................3

2.1. Introduction.......................................................................................3

2.2. Advantages of Wild Conservation Program...................................5

2.2.1. Biodiversity preservation...................................................................5
2.2.2. Ecotourism.........................................................................................5
2.2.3. Scientific research and medicinal value.............................................6
2.2.4. Educational value...............................................................................6
2.2.5. Climate change mitigation.................................................................6

2.3. Disadvantages of Wild Conservation Programs.............................7

2.3.1. High Costs.......................................................................................7
2.3.2. Conflict with Human Needs............................................................7
2.3.3. Adverse impact on the eco-system..................................................7
2.3.4. Ethical concerns..............................................................................8

2.4. Conclusion..........................................................................................8

REFERENCE..........................................................................................................................9

APPENDIX............................................................................................................................10
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CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM

Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc

Ngày 26 tháng 04 năm 2023

BIÊN BẢN THỐNG NHẤT ĐÁNH GIÁ QUÁ TRÌNH LÀM VIỆC
NHÓM 2
Lớp học phần: 23106ENTI0814

1. Thời Gian: ngày 20/04/2023

Bắt đầu: 21h30 - Kết thúc: 22h45
2. Địa điểm: Google meet
3. Thành phần tham gia: 4 thành viên nhóm 2
4. Nội dung cuộc họp
- Chủ toạ nêu lý do: Thống nhất đánh giá quá trình làm việc nhóm 2, điều
chỉnh bảng điểm của các thành viên
- Chụ toạ nêu lên đánh giá, nhận xét từng thành viên trong quá trình làm bài
thảo luận. Biểu quyết đồng ý hoặc phản đối bởi tất cả thành viên
- Nêu lên ý kiến của từng thành viên trong quá trình thảo luận để rút kinh
nghiệm
- Sau khi biểu quyết, nhóm đã biểu quyết thống với bảng đánh giá thành
viên với mức điểm như sau:
Đồng ý :4/4
Phản đối: 0/4
Chủ toạ Thư ký
Linh Linh
Nguyễn Thị Thuỳ Linh Nguyễn Thuỳ Linh
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Xác định mức độ tham gia và kết quả tham gia của từng thành viên trong
việc thực hiện bài tập nhóm như sau:
Nhóm trưởng: Nguyễn Thị Thuỳ Linh

S Công việc được phân Đánh giá mức Xếp Đánh giá của
Họ và tên
TT công độ hoàn thành loại giảng viên

- Lên kế hoạch và
Nguyễn dàn ý cho bài
F Hoàn thành A
Thị Thuỳ thảo luận
1 tốt
Linh - Phụ trách phần
Survey
3 Nguyễn - Phụ trách phần Hoàn thành A
2 Thuỳ Linh “Introduction” tốt
Phạm
3 - Phụ trách phần Hoàn thành A
Khánh
3 Advantages tốt
Linh
3 Nguyễn - Phụ trách phần Hoàn thành A
4 Duy Long Disadvantages tốt
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I. Survey on Wild Conservation Program Awareness Result

I.1. Introduction
Nature is our life-support system. From the fresh air, we breathe to the clean
water we drink, nature provides the essentials we all rely on for our survival and well-
being. And it also holds the key to our prosperity, with millions of livelihoods and
much of our economic activity also depending on the natural world. These immense
benefits to humanity, estimated to be worth around US$125 trillion a year, are only
possible if we maintain a rich diversity of wildlife.
We know that we are losing nature faster than it can restore itself. And without
urgent action, significant harm to humans and the environment is inevitable.
Regarding the detrimental impacts on people, a lot of problems are mentioned
including inadequate food and water for our growing global population, significant
harm to our economies, and the mass extinction of an estimated one million species.
Likewise, there is an alarming amount of environmental problems that have both direct
and indirect threats on the Earth, according to World Wildlife Fund, such as climate
change, deforestation, forest degradation, illegal fishing, pollution, soil erosion, water
scarcity, etc.
The world is no stranger to these issues, with governments in many countries
already pledging action to tackle nature loss through a variety of wild conservation
programs. For instance, the drives taken by their administration include EPBC Act
Conservation Agreements; they are arrangements between the Australian Government
Environment Minister and some other individuals for the assurance and preservation
of biodiversity in the space of land or ocean. On top of that The National Parks and
Wildlife Service (NPWS) in 2019, in collaboration with the Department of Culture,
Heritage, and the Gaeltacht, submitted a detailed report about the ongoing
conservation efforts and the status of wildlife and their habitat. Besides, China
revisited its wildlife conservation policy and pledged to double its efforts for the
protection of wildlife in the country. Based on the revised policy and research data,
China added hundreds of plant and animal species to the state-protected wildlife list.
These programs cannot achieve the most effective result in conserving nature if
there is only the implementation of the governments. It is important to involve the
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citizens in the domain of the conservation of the environment and biodiversity

conservation.
Therefore, we conduct the survey to discover the awareness level of students in
TMU about the wild conservation program, hence having an appropriate approach to
give them comprehensive knowledge about it.
I.2. Methodology
Regarding methodology, we carried out quantitative research using primary
data collected by all members of our group.
Our data collection method is an online survey via Google Form. The survey
consisted of 4 questions evaluating the level, and 1 question measured on a 5-point
Likert scale. The goal was to collect survey responses from 30 students learning in
class K57HH1, majoring in Finance and Commercial banking on three days from 21 to
23 April 2023.
Our questionnaire is divided into two parts: concern about the environment and
conservation awareness.
I.3. Result
a, Concern about the environment
Seven environmental issues are asked to reveal the concern level of students
from “Not at all concerned” to “Extremely concerned” including:
+ The effects of pollution on water
+ Diseases transferring from animals to humans
+ The effects of pollution on air
+ Decreases in wildlife numbers
+ Depletion of natural resources
+ The impact of global climate change
+ Decreases in biodiversity
The result shows that almost students have a particular concern about the
current global environmental problems. Particularly, about a third of respondents
concern about the aforementioned issues. Some of students “extremely concern” about
pollution, climate change, etc.
About one in five of the total strongly agree with the statement “There is real
risk that many species will go extinct in the future”. Meanwhile, 30% of respondents
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recognize that “Declines in wildlife poses a substantial threat to human wellbeing”.

Moreover, young people acknowledge that humans are at fault for wildlife extinction
since there are approximately half of the people strongly or somewhat agree that
“Humans are the leading cause of wildlife extinction”. But much fewer (30%) believe
they personally can make a difference in wildlife conservation.
b, Conservation Awareness
Youths are aware of many environmental issues such as “Melting in the Arctic
region is reducing polar bear habitat” or “Paper products contribute to deforestation”.
But they lack awareness of issues like “Planting native gardens can help increase bee
populations” and “Palm oil harvesting is severely reducing habitats for animals”.
Regarding some activities in conservating nature, most respondents recycle
electronics or purchase recycled paper products, but few plant native gardens or
purchase sustainable palm oil or seafood
The level of awareness about wild conservation program of students is quite
low, most of them know some famous international projects like Word Wildlife Fund
for Nature and well-known domestic ones like Wildlife Conservation Society, but do
not aware other national ones such as Protect endangered turtles in Kyparissia, Greece
(Geometric Tortoise Preserve), Wasgamuwa National Park (Sri Lanka) or Save the
Tasmanian Devil Program (Australia), etc. Furthermore, they consider these project
not effective enough in the conservation natural life since the average point is 3 out 5.
In conclusion, the students express a major concern for natural problems but
lack knowledge about conservation programs.

II. Wild Conservation program analysis

2.1. Introduction
At the present time, our world is facing serious challenges. The number of
endangered species is increasing, habitats are disappearing and the pressures of human
consumption on the planet continue to grow. The current rate of species extinction is
estimated to be 1,000 to 10,000 times the natural rate. The average size of wildlife
populations has plummeted by two-thirds (68%) worldwide since 1970, according to
WWF's Living Planet Report 2020. Therefore, wildlife conservation programs were
established.
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Wildlife conservation programs are initiatives designed to protect and preserve

the natural habitats and populations of wild animals. These programs may be carried
out by governments, non-profit organizations, or private entities, and typically involve
a range of strategies and actions, including:
- Habitat protection: This involves preserving and restoring natural habitats, such
as forests, wetlands, and grasslands, that provide critical habitat for wild
animals.
- Anti-poaching measures: This involves cracking down on the illegal poaching
of wild animals for their skins, meat, or other body parts.
- Education and outreach: This involves raising awareness about the importance
of wildlife conservation and promoting public engagement in conservation
efforts.
- Wildlife research and monitoring: This involves studying wild animals and their
habitats to better understand their needs and threats, and monitoring their
populations over time.
- Conservation breeding and reintroduction programs: This involves breeding and
raising endangered species in captivity and releasing them back into the wild to
bolster their populations.
There are many organizations or programs operating around the world. Here are
some examples of wildlife conservation programs:
Firstly, we will talk about the World Wide Fund For Nature - WWF is one of the
world's largest non-governmental organizations for the protection of nature. WWF
aspires to reduce the global destruction of nature to build a future where people live in
harmony with nature:
- Conserve the world's biodiversity.
- Ensure the use of renewable natural resources is maintained.
- Promote the reduction of environmental pollution and wasteful consumption
Another example of a wildlife conservation program is Zoological Society of
London-ZSL. Their goal for the future is a world where wildlife thrives - a more
balanced, connected and vibrant world where people and wildlife live better together.
There are also many wildlife conservation programs in Vietnam such as
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- Save Vietnam's Wildlife – SVW is a Vietnamese non-profit organization,

established due to the urgent need for a more effective solution to secure the
future of wildlife in Vietnam.
- The Centre for Conservation of Nature and Development (CCD) is a
Vietnamese non-governmental organization working independently in the field
of biodiversity research and conservation, sustainable forest management and
implementation of activities development assistance to harmonize the issues of
nature conservation and community development, between people and the
biosphere in Vietnam.
2.2. Advantages of Wild Conservation Program
2.2.1. Biodiversity preservation
- Wildlife conservation programs help to protect and preserve different
species of plants and animals, thereby safeguarding the overall biodiversity of an
ecosystem.
- In the jungle, lots of animals depend on each other through food chains and
food webs. There are several endangered species throughout the world that are near
extinction. For example, antelopes are on the endangered species list. If they cease to
exist, it will create a deficit of food sources for animals, such as lions, cheetahs, and
leopards. If this occurs, those cats will then become at risk of extinction since their
main food source is no longer available. They will also begin to feed on other animals,
such as giraffes, which will then put giraffes in danger of extinction. Also, they will
feed on plants in the forest or jungle that are normally consumed by other animals,
such as deer, which will then cause the deer population to decrease.
- It is important because a diverse range of species helps to maintain the
balance of an ecosystem and prevent the extinction of any one species.
2.2.2. Ecotourism
- Attract visitors to local areas with unique and protected wildlife populations
such as forests and mountains, which can provide a sustainable source of income for
local communities through ecotourism.
- Example: Countries with the largest portion of wild animals are known to
attract a bigger number of tourists, which is the case in regions such as the Amazon
and countries such as Costa Rica, Kenya, Brazil, Thailand, and South Africa.
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- Encourage jobs and economic opportunities while also preserving natural

habitats.
2.2.3. Scientific research and medicinal value
- Provide opportunities for scientific research and monitoring of wildlife
populations, which can contribute to our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem
health.
- A chance for researchers to discover a significant number of new plants and
animals.
- Chemicals from nature have been a part of human civilization ever since our
early ancestors began using them to improve and enrich their own lives.
- Example: Amphibians are especially important for modern medicine with
compounds extracted from frogs alone used for treating depression, seizures, strokes,
and memory loss. We also rely on animals for a range of novel compounds including
“frog glue,” a flexible adhesive obtained from the glands of Australian holy cross frog
species used to treat human knee injuries; lanolin and Vitamin D3 derived from
sheep’s wool; and Premarin, prepared from mare’s urine and used to treat menopausal
symptoms.
2.2.4. Educational value
- Watching animals helps children to conceptualize ideas and develop their
imagination, which is important for their growth.
- Educational programs and outreach initiatives can raise awareness for people
of all ages by showing the impact of human activities on the environment, and
introducing how to reduce negative impacts.
2.2.5. Climate change mitigation
- Mitigate the impacts of climate change by protecting forests, wetlands, and
other natural habitats that store carbon and help regulate the Earth’s climate.
- Example: Protecting wildlife could significantly reduce the frequency and
intensity of destructive forest wildfires. Plant-eating wild animals reduce the amount
of grass that can fuel fires through grazing. In Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park in South
Africa, for example, one of the world’s largest grazers, the white rhinoceros, has been
known to reduce the spread and intensity of the fire, especially after high rainfall when
grass grows more rapidly.
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Furthermore, large wild grass-eaters such as elephants, zebras, rhinos, and camels do
not produce so much methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as domestic livestock. This is
because they digest grass in a different way than livestock – using a large, single
stomach rather than regurgitating their food.
To sum up, wildlife conservation programs bring a huge amount of benefits to
not only animals and plants but also to humans.
2.3. Disadvantages of Wild Conservation Programs
2.3.1. High Costs
Wildlife conservation programs require a huge amount of financial resources
for things such as research, habitat preservation, and anti-poaching measures.
Developing and implementing a conservation program that helps protect wild animals
can require a lot of money, and this may not always be feasible for all organizations.
And for countries with limited resources, these costs can be a significant burden.
For example, the Great Ape Conservation Fund (GACF), was established in 2000 by
the US government to protect populations of chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos,
orangutans, and other great apes in their natural habitats.
However, in 2020, funding for the GACF was cut from $4 million to just $1.5 million.
This drastic reduction made it difficult to continue efforts to protect endangered great
apes, with some programs shutting down entirely due to a lack of funding.
2.3.2. Conflict with Human Needs
Human-wildlife conflict is another significant challenge of wildlife
conservation. Wildlife conservation programs often require the removal or restriction
of human activities in the areas designated for conservation. This can lead to conflicts
with the local people who may depend on these areas for their livelihoods.
An example of this is the conservation of elephants in India. While the
conservation efforts have helped to increase the elephant population, they have also
created conflicts between elephants and farmers, leading to crop damage and loss of
life.
2.3.3. Adverse impact on the eco-system
Sometimes, wildlife conservation programs can have an adverse impact on the
ecosystem by introducing non-native species or altering natural habitats. For instance,
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when non-native species are introduced to an ecosystem, they can push out native
species and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem.
An example of this is the conservation of the grey squirrel population in the
UK. Though the conservation effort increased the grey squirrel population, their
increased numbers led to a decrease in the native red squirrel population.
2.3.4. Ethical concerns
Some wildlife conservation programs involve intrusive methods such as tagging
or using radio collars on wild animals, which can be seen as unethical by some. In
addition, some conservation programs may involve culling or relocation of animals,
which can raise ethical questions about the treatment of wildlife.
2.4. Conclusion
In conclusion, wildlife plays an essential role in our life since it provides
humans with natural resources for survival and development. The decline in the
natural environment makes detrimental impacts on our Earth hence being aware of the
wild conservation program, and both their benefits and drawbacks to contribute is
fundamental.
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REFERENCE
Earth Reminder (no date) Main Causes of Light Pollution Available at:
https://www.earthreminder.com/causes-of-light-pollution/ (Access: April 2023)
WWF (no date) New deal for people and nature Available at:
https://explore.panda.org/newdeal?
gclid=CjwKCAjw0ZiiBhBKEiwA4PT9z_Va9VLU6ZoGRo0DToJj5x6HYweWFLFT
1AtHb-yxQ2zuqNDwOWFhrBoCY4sQAvD_BwE (Access: April 2023)
Young people’s Trust for the Environment (no date) Why is Conservation important
for the Environment? Available at: https://ypte.org.uk/factsheets/conservation/why-is-
conservation-important-for-the-environment (Access: April 2023)
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APPENDIX
Questionaire
1. Block 1: Demographic characteristic:
- What is your age?
- Your gender?
- Your major?
2. Block 2: Concern about Environment
Q1: How concerned are you about the following issues?
The effects of pollution on water
Diseases transferring from animals to humans
The effects of pollution on air
Decreases in wildlife numbers
Depletion of natural resources
The impact of global climate change
Decreases in biodiversity

Answer:
Extremely concerned
Very concerned
Concerned
Somewhat concerned
Not at all concerned

Q2: Evaluate these statements below

- There is real risk that many species will go extinct in the future
- Declines in wildlife poses a substantial threat to human wellbeing
- Humans are the leading cause of wildlife extinction
- I can personally make a substantial impact on wildlife conservation
Answer:
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
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Neither agree or disagree

Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree

3. Block 3: Conservation Awareness

Q3: How are you familiar with these conservation issues
Melting in the Arctic region is reducing polar bear habitat
Paper products contribute to deforestation
Fish populations are declining rapidly due to overfishing
Planting native gardens can help increase bee populations
Palm oil harvesting is severely reducing habitats for animals
Recycling electronics like cell phones reuses rare earth minerals which reduces
mining in gorilla habitats
Recycling electronics may reduce mining in gorilla habitats

Answer:
Very aware - Aware - Somewhat aware - Not at all aware

Q4: How frequently do you engage in these behaviours?

Recycle electronics like cell phones
Purchase recycled paper products
Plant native gardens
Deliberately purchase sustainable seafood
Look for sustainable palm oil products when shopping

Answer: All of the time - Some of the time - Occasionally - Rarely - Never -
Not relevant to me

Q5: To what extent are you familiar with these wild conservation
programs?
Programs Worldwide:
World Wide Fund For Nature
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Protect endangered turtles in Kyparissia, Greece (Geometric Tortoise Preserve)

Wasgamuwa National Park (Sri Lanka)
Save the Tasmanian Devil Program (Australia)
Programs in Vietnam:
Wildlife Conservation Society
Save Vietnam's Wildlife

Answer: Very aware - Aware - Somewhat aware - Not at all aware

Q6: Can you evaluate the effectiveness of these program on the

conservation of wildlife? You should give the reason of your choice