Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering

Course Special Electrical Machines (EPM4230)

Tanta University Faculty of Engineering
Students 4thYear (Electrical Power and Machines)
2021-2022

Single-phase Induction Motors

Lecture (4)

Analysis of Capacitor-run Motors

Prof. Essam Eddin M. Rashad

 ‫تحذير هام‬
‫• هذه المادة العلمية معدة لالستخدام كعرض تقديمي لعناصر‬
‫المحاضرة التي يتم إلقاؤها للطالب‪ .‬وبذلك فهي ال تصلح بأي حال‬
‫مرشدا ألسئلة االمتحانات‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫مرجعا لمحتوى المقرر وال‬
‫ً‬ ‫ن‬‫تكو‬ ‫أن‬

‫• لتحقيق النتيجة المرجوة‪ ،‬البد من حضور المحاضرات وتسجيل‬

‫المالحظات بواسطة الطالب نفسه‪ ،‬مع االستعانة بالمراجع المناسبة‪،‬‬
‫خاصة التي تم التوصية بها‪.‬‬
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors
Four rotating mmfs (fluxes) ia
Main: Forward ffm Backward fbm

Auxiliary: Forward ffa Backward fba Auxiliary F a a

Two are rotating forward Main forward ffm

Auxiliary forward ffa ffa fba

Two are rotating backward fbm
F m  0°
Main backward fbm

Auxiliary backward fba im ffm

Main
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

Note that:
ia

ffa lags ffm F a a

fba leads fbm

ffa fba
fbm
F m  0°

im ffm
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

𝑵𝒂
Let turns ratio a=
𝑵𝒎

Each of the four fluxes induces an emf in both main and auxiliary windings.

So we have a total of Eight (8) emfs,

Four (4) in each winding:

• Two from its two own fluxes (forward and backward)

• Two from the other winding fluxes (forward and backward)
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

Main windings emfs due to main winding fluxes

∅𝒇𝒎 induces 𝑬𝒇𝒎

𝐄𝒇𝒎 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒇𝒎 𝑵𝒎 𝑰𝒎 𝒁𝒇

∅𝒃𝒎 induces 𝑬𝒃𝒎

𝑬𝒃𝒎 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒃𝒎 𝑵𝒎 𝑰𝒎 𝒁𝒃
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

Auxiliary winding emfs due to Auxiliary winding fluxes

∅𝒇𝒂 induces 𝑬𝒇𝒂

𝐄𝒇𝒂 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒇𝒂 𝑵𝒂 𝑰𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝒁𝒇
(referring auxiliary to main)

∅𝒃𝒂 induces 𝑬𝒃𝒂

𝑬𝒃𝒂 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒃𝒂 𝑵𝒂 𝑰𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝒁𝒃
(referring auxiliary to main)
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

Main windings emfs due to auxiliary winding fluxes ∅𝒇𝒂 and ∅𝒃𝒂
𝑵
∅𝒇𝒂 induces 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒇𝒂 𝐍𝒎 × 𝒂
𝑵𝒂
𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒇𝒂 𝑵𝒂
𝑬𝒇𝒂 𝑬𝒇𝒂
−𝒋
𝒂 ∅𝒇𝒂 lags ∅𝒇𝒎 × -j 𝒂

∅𝒃𝒂 induces 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒃𝒂 𝐍𝒎 × 𝑵𝒂

𝑵𝒂
𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒃𝒂 𝑵𝒂
𝑬𝒃𝒂 𝑬𝒃𝒂
+𝒋
𝒂 ∅𝒃𝒂 leads ∅𝒃𝒎 × +j 𝒂
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

Auxiliary windings emfs due to main winding fluxes ∅𝒇𝐦 and ∅𝒃𝒎
𝑵
∅𝒇𝐦 induces 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒇𝒎 𝐍𝒂 × 𝒎
𝑵𝒎
𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒇𝒎 𝑵𝒎 × 𝒂 +𝒋𝒂𝑬𝒇𝒎
𝑬𝒇𝒎 ∅𝒇𝒎 leads ∅𝒇𝒂 × +j

∅𝒃𝒎 induces 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒃𝒎 𝐍𝒂 × 𝑵𝒎

𝑵𝒎
𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝒇 ∅𝒃𝒎 𝑵𝒎 × 𝒂 −𝒋𝒂𝑬𝒃𝒎
𝑬𝒃𝒎 ∅𝒃𝒎 lags ∅𝒃𝒂 × -j
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors
Z 1m ZC Z 1a

R 1m X 1m XC R 1a X 1a

Im Ia

Main Xf a 2X f
a 2Z f Auxiliary
Capacitor
E fm Zf E fa
Ef jaE f
Rf a 2R f

+ Efa +
-j jaE fm
Vm
- a
Va
-

Xb a 2X b
E bm Zb E ba a 2Z b
Ef -jaE b
Rb a 2R b

+ Eba +
j -jaE bm
- a -
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

Allowing for winding resistance and leakage flux

𝒁𝟏𝒎 = 𝑹𝟏𝒎 + 𝒋𝑿𝟏𝒎 𝒁𝟏𝒂 = 𝑹𝟏𝒂 + 𝒋𝑿𝟏𝒂

Capacitor impedance 𝒁𝒄 = −𝒋𝑿𝒄

Voltage equations of main and auxiliary windings

𝑬𝒇𝒂 𝑬𝒃𝒂
𝑽𝒎 = 𝑰𝒎 𝒁𝟏𝒎 + 𝒁𝒇 + 𝒁𝒃 −𝒋 +𝒋
𝒂 𝒂

𝑽𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂 𝒁𝒄 + 𝒁𝟏𝒂 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒁𝒇 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒁𝒃 + 𝒋𝒂𝑬𝒇𝒎 − 𝒋𝒂𝑬𝒃𝒎

 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

Using 𝐄𝒇𝒎 = 𝑰𝒎 𝒁𝒇 𝑬𝒃𝒎 = 𝑰𝒎 𝒁𝒃

𝑬𝒇𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝒁𝒇 𝑬𝒃𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝒁𝒃

Voltage equations become

𝑽𝒎 = 𝒁𝟏𝒎 + 𝒁𝒇 + 𝒁𝒃 𝑰𝒎 − 𝒋𝒂 𝒁𝒇 − 𝒁𝒃 𝑰𝒂

𝑽𝒂 = 𝒋𝒂 𝒁𝒇 − 𝒁𝒃 𝑰𝒎 + 𝒁𝒄 + 𝒁𝟏𝒂 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒁𝒇 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒁𝒃 𝑰𝒂

Two simultaneous equations in Im and Ia for given Vm and Va

𝑽𝒎 = 𝑽𝒂 𝑰 = 𝑰𝒎 + 𝑰𝒂
 Single phase Induction Motors Capacitor–run Motors

Starting Torque 𝑷𝒈𝒇 − 𝑷𝒈𝒃

𝑻 = 𝑻𝒇 − 𝑻𝒃 =
𝝎𝒔𝒚𝒏
∗ + 𝒋𝒂𝑬 𝑰∗
𝑷𝒈𝒇 = 𝑹𝒆 𝑬𝒇 𝑰𝒎 𝒇 𝒂
∗
𝑷𝒈𝒃 = 𝑹𝒆 𝑬𝒃 𝑰𝒎 − 𝒋𝒂𝑬𝒃 𝑰∗𝒂

𝑷𝒈𝒇 − 𝑷𝒈𝒃 = 𝑹𝒆 𝑬𝒇 − 𝑬𝒃 𝑰∗𝒎 + 𝒋𝒂 𝑬𝒇 + 𝑬𝒃 𝑰∗𝒂

𝑷𝒈𝒇 − 𝑷𝒈𝒃 = 𝑰𝒎 𝟐 + 𝒂𝑰𝒂 𝟐 𝑹𝒇 − 𝑹𝒂 + 𝟐𝒂 𝑰𝒂 𝑰𝒎 𝑹𝒇 + 𝑹𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽𝒂 − 𝜽𝒎

𝑰𝒎 = 𝑰𝒎 ∠𝜽𝒎 𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂 ∠𝜽𝒂

𝟐𝒂 𝑰𝒂 𝑰𝒎 𝑹𝒇 + 𝑹𝒃
𝑻𝒔𝒕 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽𝒂 − 𝜽𝒎
𝝎𝒔𝒚𝒏

𝑻𝒔𝒕 = 𝑲𝑰𝒂 𝑰𝒎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶

Thank you