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dy ln x ydy
1) 1 + y 2 ln x − xyy = 0 1 + y 2 ln x = xy dx = ( x 0)
dx x 1 + y2
ln x ydy 1
dx = ( ln x ) = 1 + y 2 + C
2
(C là hằng số)
x 1+ y 2 2
3) ( x 2 + 1) dy + x3 ( y 2 + 6 y + 10 ) dx = 0 ( x 2 + 1) dy = − x3 ( y 2 + 6 y + 10 ) dx
dy x3dx dy x3dx dy x
x + 1 y 2 + 6 y + 10
= − 2
x +1
2 =− 2 = − x − 2 dx
y + 6 y + 10 ( y + 3) + 1 x +1
2
x2 1
arctan( y + 3) = − + ln( x 2 + 1) + C (C là hằng số)
2 2
02 1
Do y(0) = −2 arctan(−2 + 3) = − + ln(02 + 1) + C C =
2 2 4
x2 1
Vậy nghiệm riêng là: arctan( y + 3) = − + ln( x 2 + 1) +
2 2 4
y y y
4) xy = y 1 + ln y = 1 + ln ( x 0)
x x x
y du
Đặt u = y = ux y = ux + u ux + u = u (1 + ln u ) x = u ln u
x dx
du dx du dx d ln u dx
= = = ln | ln u |= ln | x | +C
u ln u x u ln u x ln u x
y
Vậy nghiệm TQ là: ln | ln |= ln | x | +C (C là hằng số)
x
y
y
y
dy y
dy −
y
y
5) x.e dy + x − ye dx = 0 x.e
x x x
= − x + ye
x
= −e +x
dx dx x
y du dx
u= y = ux y = ux + u ux + u = −e −u + u x = −e −u eu du = −
x dx x
y
dx
eu du = − eu = − ln | x | +C e x = − ln | x | +C (C là hằng số)
x
1
1 p( x) = −
6) xy − y = x arctan x y − y = x arctan x . Đây là pt tuyến tính có:
2
x
x
q( x) = x arctan x
−
ADCT y ( x) = q( x)e dx + C e
p ( x ) dx p ( x ) dx
1
− − 1 dx
y ( x) = x arctan x.e x dx + C e x
− dx
y ( x) = ( x arctan x.e − ln x
) 1
dx + C eln x y( x) = x arctan x. dx + C x
x
y ( x) = ( arctan x.dx + C ) x
1
u = arctan x du = dx
Xét I = arctan x.dx Đặt 1 + x2
dv = dx
v = x
x 1 d (1 + x 2 ) 1
I = x.arctan x − dx = x.arctan x − = x.arctan x − ln(1 + x 2 ) + C
1+ x 2
2 1+ x 2
2
1
y( x) = x.arctan x − ln(1 + x 2 ) + C x
2
1
y p ( x ) = −
7) y − = e x ln x . Đây là pt tuyến tính có: x ln x
x ln x q ( x) = e ln x
x
−
ADCT y ( x) = q( x)e dx + C e
p ( x ) dx p ( x ) dx
1
− − 1 dx
y ( x) = e x ln x.e x ln x dx + C e x ln x
− dx
d ln x
( e ln x.e )
d ln x
y ( x) = e x ln x.e ln x dx + C e ln x
−
− ln|ln x|
y ( x) = x
dx + C eln|ln x|
dx + C ln x y ( x) = ( e x + C ) ln x (C là hằng số)
1
y( x) = e x ln x.
ln x
8) (x 2
− y ) dx + xdy = 0 xdy = − ( x 2 − y ) dx
dy
dx
y 1
= − x + y − y = − x
x x
1
p ( x) = −
Đây là pt tuyến tính có: x
q ( x) = − x
−
ADCT y ( x) = q( x)e dx + C e
p ( x ) dx p ( x ) dx
1
− dx − − 1x dx 1
y ( x) = (− x).e x
dx + C e y( x) = (− x). dx + C x y( x) = ( − x + C ) x (C là
x
hằng số)
Do y(1) = 0 0 = ( −1 + C )1 C = 1 . Vậy nghiệm riêng là: y( x) = ( −x + 1) x