FVLV I GVZ FVLV: Aa VQ 1

Aa¨vq 1
fvlv I gvZ„fvlv
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`v..`v
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fvlv I gvZ…fvlvi aviYv

fvlv n‡jv †hvMv‡hvM mva‡bi Dcvq| Avw`Kv‡jB gvbyl‡K Rxeb-avi‡Yi Rb¨ h~_e× n‡Z n‡qwQj|
RxeRš‧i AvµgY †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì †hgb GK‡Î evm Ki‡Z n‡qwQj, †Zgwb Lv`¨ Avni‡Y, e„nr
cï wkKv‡i †h․_fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| †h․_ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wQj GKwU †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi,
hv‡Z G‡K Ac‡ii wb‡`©kbvwU eyS‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ Zviv m„wó K‡iwQj ci¯ú‡ii Kv‡Q †evaMg¨ aŸwb-
ms‡K‡Zi| G aŸwbgvjv Zviv nq‡Zv cÖK…wZ †_‡KB MÖnY K‡iwQj| wkwkiKzgvi `v‡ki g‡Z, cªv_wgK
ch©v‡qi aŸwbgvjv mxwgZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y †hvMv‡hvM ¯vc‡bi cwimi wQj mxwgZ| GB mg‡qi fvlv‡K ejv
†h‡Z cv‡i Ôe×fvlvÕ (Closed Language)| GB mxwgZ aŸwbgvjvi eûgvwÎK eënv‡ii mÿgZv Ges
Zvi g‡a¨ A_© Av‡iv‡ci `ÿZvi Kvi‡Y e×fvlv Îgk gy³fvlvq (Open Language) cwiYZ nq|
m¤¢eZ Gfv‡eB m„wó n‡qwQj fvlvi| wewfbœ AÂ‡j m„ó fvlvmg~n µgvš^‡q mymsnZ iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q|
fvlvi g~j Dcv`vb aŸwb| g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ gvbyl Zvi evM&h‡š¿i gva¨‡g aŸwb m„wó K‡i|
GaŸwb¸‡jv wg‡j •Zwi nq kã| GK ev GKvwaK kã wg‡j •Zwi nq evK¨| gvbyl g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki
Rb¨ †h mKj aŸwb Drcv`b K‡i Zv‡Z _v‡K A_© ev A‡_©i Bw½Z| kã Avi ev‡K¨ _v‡K cy‡iv A‡_©i
cÖKvk| Aek¨ aŸwb ev k‡ã A_© hy³ Kivi welqwU gvby‡li Av‡ivwcZ| G‡KKwU Rb‡Mvôx wb‡Riv wVK
K‡i †bq †Kvb kã Øviv †Kvb A_© cÖKvk Ki‡e|
1
fvlvweÁvbxMY wewfbœfv‡e fvlv‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb Ñ
 Ôg‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ evM&h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ D‪PvwiZ aŸwbi Øviv wb®úbœ, †Kv‡bv we‡kl
Rbmgv‡R eëüZ, ¯^Zš¿fv‡e Aew¯Z, Z_v ev‡K¨ cÖhy³ kãmgwó‡K fvlv e‡jÕ (mybxwZKzgvi
P‡Ævcva¨vq, 1939)|Õ
 Ôg‡bi fve cÖKvk Kivi wbwg‡Ë wewfbœ RvwZ ev mgv‡Ri mKj m‡fï †evaMg¨ evK¨mg~‡ni
mgwó‡K †mB RvwZi fvlv e‡jÕ (myKzgvi †mb, 1971)|
 Aveyj Kvjvg gbRyi †gvi‡k` (1985) Gi g‡Z Ôfvlv n‡‪Q KÉwbtm„Z aŸwbi mvnv‡h¨
A_©‡evaK fvlvZvwË¡K Dcv`vb Øviv MwVZ Ges we‡kl m¤úª`vq Øviv eëüZ|Õ
fvlvi •ewkó¨
c~‡e© ewY©Z fvlvi msÁvmg~n †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h GwU we‡kl Rbmgv‡R eëüZ n‡Z nq|
A_©‡evaK aŸwb w`‡q •Zwi kã ev‡K¨ eëüZ n‡q Rbmgv‡R †hvMv‡hvM ¯vc‡b f~wgKv iv‡L| e¯‧Z
A_©enZv fvlvi cÖavb ¸Y| gyL w`‡q fvlv wn‡m‡e †h aŸwb †ei n‡e Zvi A_© _vK‡Z n‡e Ges Zv n‡e
g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki evnb| GB fvlv A‡bï Kv‡Q †evaMg¨ n‡Z n‡e| G Kvi‡Y cïcvwLi K_v fvlv
wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv| GB Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z fvlvi •ewkó¨mg~n m~Îe× Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ
 fvlv KÉwbtm„Z aŸwbi mvnv‡h¨ MwVZ
 fvlvi A_©‡`¨vZKZv we`¨gvb
 GKwU we‡kl Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ fvlv cÖPwjZ I eëüZ
 fvlv g‡bvfve cÖKvkK, A_©vr ci¯úi fve-wewbg‡qi GKwU gva¨g
 fvlv evMh‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ aŸwb mn‡hv‡M D‪PvwiZ nq
 fvlv aŸwb cÖZx‡Ki GKwU mymvgÄm¨c~Y©¨ web¨vmeë¯v|
wkwkiKzgvi `vk fvlvi DwjøwLZ •ewkó¨mg~‡ni AwZwi³ GKwU we‡kl welq Av‡jvPbvi civgk©
w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, fvlv ew³MZ welq bq; eis ÒmvgvwRK m¤úwË, we‡kl mgv‡Ri iPbv, mgv‡Ri
Øviv mgw_©Z, M„nxZ Ges msiwÿZÓ (c„. 18)| A_©vr, fvlvi mv‡_ mgv‡Ri m¤úK© ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_
we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L|
gvZ…fvlv Kx?
GLb cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i, me fvlvB wK gvZ…fvlv? Kxfv‡e fvlv I gvZ…fvlv‡K ¯^Zš¿fv‡e kbv³ Kiv hvq?
GB cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †c‡Z n‡j fvlvi cvkvcvwk gvZ…fvlv m¤úwK©Z aviYv Avek¨K| Avgiv cÖwZw`b
Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k cªK…wZRM‡Z cÖvYx I Dw™¢ìv‡Rï AmsL¨ m`‡mï Rb¥ I weKvk †`L‡Z cvB| Avgiv
wK jÿ K‡iwQ Zv‡ì Rb¥ I weKv‡k GKwU wgj i‡q‡Q? Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB exR ev å~Y †_‡K Rb¥MÖnY
K‡i Ges Zvici cwi‡ek †_‡KB cywó MÖnY K‡i weKvk jvf K‡i| gvbewkïi †ÿ‡ÎI †ZgbwU N‡U
_v‡K| gvbewkïI gvbeå~Y †_‡K Rb¥ jvf K‡i Ges cwi‡ek †_‡K Zvi cywó MÖnY K‡i weKvk jvf
K‡i| gvbewkïi weKvk `yfv‡e N‡UÑkvixwiK I gvbwmK weKvk| wkï Zvi gv I cÖK„wZ †_‡K Lvevi
2
msMÖn K‡i †hgwb Zvi †`‡ni weKvk mvab K‡i _v‡K, †Zgwb fvlvi gva¨‡g gvbwmK weKvk mvabI
K‡i _v‡K| wkï cÖK„wZ‡K eyS‡Z, wPšÍv Ki‡Z, m‡e©vcwi cÖKvk Ki‡Z fvlv‡KB GKgvÎ nvwZqvi
wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i| A_©vr wkïi Rb¥ I weKv‡ki mv‡_ gvZ„fvlvi aviYvwU A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ|
gvZ…fvlv gvby‡li mnRvZ weKv‡ki fvlv, myL-`ytL nvwm-Kvbœv cÖKv‡ki GKvšÍ Avcbvi fvlv| wkïiv
AbyKiY I Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g AwZ mn‡R gvZ…fvlv AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡i| gvZ…fvlv Avw` I AK…wÎg fve-
wewbg‡qi fvlv, e¨w³g‡bi GKvšÍ Dcjwä I Abyf~wZi fvlv| mvaviYfv‡e g‡b Kiv nq gv‡qi gy‡Li
fvlvB gvZ„fvlv| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ gvZ…fvlv n‡jv wkïi cwicv‡k¦© †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mvaviY fvlv| A_©vr wkï
R‡b¥B †h fvlvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nq †m fvlvB Zvi gvZ…fvlv| GRb¨ gvZ…fvlv‡K cÖ_g fvlv (First
Language) ejv nq| GKfvwlK iv‡óª gvZ…fvlv wbe©vPb Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e mnR n‡jI eûfvwlK iv‡óª wkï
cÖPwjZ fvlvmg~n †_‡K GKwU fvlv‡K gvZ…fvlv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i|
gvZ…fvlvi •ewkó¨
gvbewkï mgv‡Ri mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯vcb ïiæ K‡i Zvi gvZ…fvlv wbe©vPb cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q| Avgiv Rvwb,
cÖvwYRM‡Zi mvaviY wbq‡g gv‡qi gva¨‡gB c„w_ex‡Z Rb¥jvf K‡i| wkï cÖ_‡g Zvi gvZ…M‡f© wewfbœ
aŸwb-Zi½ kÖeY K‡i Ges G aŸwb-Zi½ ï‡b †m mvov cÖ`vb K‡i| †m aŸwb-Zi½¸‡jv Zvi cwicvk¦©
Ges cÖavbZ Zvi gv‡qi KvQ †_‡KB Av‡m| gv ev Zuvi Pvicv‡ki gvbylRb cÖwZÿY †h aŸwb ev kã¸‪Q
D‪PviY K‡ib ZvB wkïi Kv‡Q †cu․Qvq (gynv¤§` bvRgyj nK, 1999)| Avgiv Av‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b †R‡bwQ
wkïi gvZ…fvlv ej‡Z Avgiv †mB fvlv‡KB eywS, hv wkïi cwicv‡k¦©i mvaviY †hvMv‡hv‡M eëüZ n‡q
_v‡K| ZvB wkïi Kv‡Q cÖ_g †h fvlvi aŸwb-Zi½ †c․uQvq Ges hvi †fZi w`‡q †m †R‡M I‡V Ges
mewKQzi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ nq, †mwU n‡jv Zvi gvZ…fvlv| wkï Rb¥MÖnY K‡iB wewPÎ aŸwb-•ewP‡Îï
gy‡LvgywL nq| G mKj aŸwb-Zi‡½i AvNv‡Z †m †PvL †g‡j ZvKvq Ges Av‡iv wewPÎ Aeqeivwk I
`„k¨gvb e¯‧cy‡Äi gy‡LvgywL nq| Gi †Kv‡bvwUi mv‡_B †m c~e©cwiwPZ bq| ax‡i ax‡i †m g~jZ gv‡qi
fvlvi gva¨‡gB Gme wewPÎ Aeqe I e¯‧cy‡Äi bvg I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úK© Avwe®‥vi K‡i| wkï R‡b¥i
cÖ_g Qq gv‡mi g‡a¨B gvZ„fvlvi wKQz aŸwb wPwýZ Ki‡Z †k‡L| cÖ_‡gB †k‡L gv‡qi fvlvi ¯^vZš¿¨
wPwýZ Ki‡Z| ZvB Avgiv †`wL, wkïi Kvbœvi mgq gv‡qi kã ïb‡Z †c‡j Zvi Kvbœv †_‡g hvq| G‡Z
†evSv hvq, wkï gv‡qi D‪PvwiZ aŸwbi ¯^vZš¿¨ Avjv`v Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| wkïi cÖ_g D‪PvwiZ aŸwbwUI nq
ÔgÕ mswkøó| †m gg gvg e‡j RM‡Zi A‡bK wKQz †evSv‡Z Pvq| †hgbÑÔgvgÕ ej‡Z cvwb, ÔgvgÕ ej‡Z
gv BZ¨vw`| wkï Zvi R‡b¥i cÖ_g Qq gvm AZ¨šÍ AvMÖ‡ni mv‡_ Zvi Pvicv‡ki gvby‡li fvlvi eënvi-
†K․kj jÿ K‡i| fvlv D‪Pvi‡Yi mgq Zv‡ì †Vuv‡Ui bvovPvov, gyLfw½ Z_v D‪PviY-†K․kj †Lqvj
K‡i| Qq gvm eq‡mB aŸwb D‪PviY Kivi †Póv K‡i, hv‡K Avgiv evewjs (Babbling) ewj| GK
eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †m cÖ_g kãwU D‪PviY K‡i, hv‡K g‡bvweÁvbxiv ÔGK-kã ch©vqÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i
_v‡Kb| cieZx 3/4 gv‡mi g‡a¨ `kwU ch©šÍ kã D‪PviY Ki‡Z cv‡i, hvi AwaKvskB nq
m‡¤^vabevPK|
fvlvi I gvZ…fvlvi ¸iæZ¡¡
Avw`ghy‡M h~_ev× n‡q †eu‡P _vKvi ZvwM‡` gvbyl‡K cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM ¯vc‡b m‡Pó n‡Z n‡q‡Q|
†mB we‡ePbvq gvbyl fvlv •Zwi K‡i‡Q Zvi wbR¯^ cÖ‡qvR‡b| GLb ch©šÍ gvbe mgv‡RB GB fvlvi
3
Aw¯ÍZ¡, jvjb I weKvk| myZivs gvbe Rxe‡b fvlvi ¸iæZ¡¡ mn‡RB Aby‡gq| gvbe mgv‡R fvlv †Kb
¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© Zvi K‡qKwU KviY D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
 fvlv GKwU †`k ev RvwZi BwZnvm-ms¯‥…wZi aviK I evnK; Dciš‧ cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Q Gi
n¯ÍvšÍi N‡U fvlvi gva¨‡g
 gvby‡li mKj Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ I wPšÍv †PZbvi cÖKvkgva¨g n‡jv fvlv
 mvwnZ¨, wkí, weÁvb BZ¨vw` m„Rbkxj welqmg~n PP©vi fvlv
 mf¨Zvi AMÖmiZvq fvlvi f~wgKv Acwimxg
 mvgvwRK m¤úK© ¯vcb I Gi weK‡k fvlv ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L
 •`bw›`b hveZxq Kg©Kv‡Ði nvwZqvi n‡jv fvlv|
fvlvi DwjøwLZ ¸iæZ¡¡mg~n Abyave‡bi ÿgZv Ges cÖ‡qv‡Mi `ÿZv GKRb e¨w³ Zuvi Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB
AR©b K‡i bv| wkïi fvlv‡K †Pbvi RMr gvZ…fvlvi †fZi w`‡q M‡o I‡V| KviY, wkï hLb cÖ_g
kãwU D‪Pvi‡Yi †Póv K‡i cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì mvnv‡h¨B ZLb †mwU m¤¢e nq (gynv¤§` bvRgyj nK,
1999)| †hgb, wkï hLb g-g-g aŸwbwU D‪Pvi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq ZLb gv g‡b K‡ib wkïwU gv ejvi
†Póv Ki‡Q| ZLb wZwb Avb›` cÖKvk K‡ib Ges wkïwU‡K Avì K‡ib| G‡Z wkïwU Drmvn‡eva K‡i|
Gfv‡e cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡ì bvg ev m¤úK©evPK kã Zv‡K †kLv‡Z mK‡j DrmvwnZ nb| ZLb
wkïwU fvOv fvOv kã ej‡Z †k‡L| cwiev‡ii m`mïv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ †hme kã wewbgq K‡ib wkï Zv-
B AbymiY K‡i| cwiev‡ii m`mïv hLb cvwb‡K cvwb e‡j wPwýZ K‡ib, ZLb wkïwUI eyS‡Z cv‡i
Zvi ÔgvgÕ e¯‧wUi bvg Avm‡j ÔcvwbÕ| wKsev Rvbvjvi cv‡k ùvov‡bv cªvYxwUi bvg KvK| A_©vr RMr I
Rxe‡bi mewKQzi mv‡_ Zvi m¤úK© ¯vwcZ nq gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g| gvZ…fvlvi †fZi w`‡q AwR©Z GB
cvwievwiK AwfÁZv‡K m¤^j K‡iB †m GK mgq mgv‡Ri e„nËi cwim‡i Mgb K‡i| wkï †h mgv‡R †g‡k
†m mgv‡Ri fvlv hw` Zvi gvZ„fvlvB n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j wkïi mvgvwRK weKvk AZ¨šÍ mnR nq|
wPÎ : gv wkï‡K cvwL †`Lv‡bvi gva¨‡g Abyl½ ¯vcb Ki‡Qb
Avgiv Rvwb fvlvi i‡q‡Q PviwU `ÿZv| cÖ_g `ywU `ÿZvÑ†kvbv I ejv| •kke †_‡K cvwievwiK
cwi‡e‡k †kvbv I ejv `ÿZv M‡o I‡V| †m g~jZ gv-evev ev cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡ì aŸwb ï‡b Zv
4
AbyKi‡Yi gva¨‡g ej‡Z †k‡L| cÖm½Z †bvqvg Pg&w¯‥ wkïi fvlv‡ev‡ai wfwË wn‡m‡eÔcwiev‡ii fvlvÕ
eywS‡q‡Qb| Zvi aŸwbg~j¸‡jv MwVZ nq cwievi †_‡K| Z‡e GB `ywU `ÿZvi cwic~Y© weKvk N‡U
cÖvwZôvwbK wkLb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g| †kvbv I ejv `ÿZv cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡k m~Pbv n‡jI cov I †jLv
`ÿZvi m~ÎcvZ N‡U cÖwZôv‡b| G Ae¯vq wkïi gvZ…fvlv hw` ¯‥z‡ji wkÿvi gva¨g n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j
wkïi c‡ÿ fvlvi G PviwU `ÿZv AR©b mnRZi nq| wKš‧ ¯‥z‡ji fvlv hw` wfbœ nq Zvn‡j Zv‡K bZzb
P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq| Awfevmx wkï‡ì †ÿ‡ÎI GgbwU n‡Z cv‡i| †m‡ÿ‡Î wkï ¯‥z‡j
DrmvwnZ bvI n‡Z cv‡i| ch©vß mvnvh¨ bv †c‡j wkï AmvgvwRK, AvµgYvZ¥K n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| ¯‥z‡j
cov‡kvbvq wcwQ‡q co‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ mviv wek¦e¨vcx gvZ…fvlvq wkÿv`vb‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv nq|
wPÎ : gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi Ávb AR©b AwaK mnR I Kvh©Ki
cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i wkï fvlvi gva¨‡g ïay Zvi gvZ…fvlv‡KB Rv‡b bv, Ab¨vb¨ welqI Zv‡K Rvb‡Z nq| G
Rvbvi A‡bK¸‡jv wkïi Kv‡Q G‡Kev‡iB bZzb| †hgb Ñ gnv‡`k, MÖn ev bÿ‡Îi bvg BZ¨vw`| G‡ÿ‡Î
wkïi Rvbvi gva¨gwU hw` nq gvZ…fvlv Zvn‡j †mUv Zvi Rb¨ A‡bK mnR nq| †hgb, wkÿK hw`
e‡jb Avgiv iv‡Zi †ejv AvKv‡k †h AmsL¨ Zviv †`wL Avm‡j Zv bÿÎ| Avgv‡ì m~h©I †Zgwb GKwU
bÿÎ| G‡ÿ‡Î ÔZvivÕ kãwU nq‡Zv wkïi Kv‡Q Av‡M †_‡KB cwiwPZ| d‡j welqwU Zvi Kv‡Q bZzb
g‡b nq bv| wKš‧ gvZ„fvlv wfbœ Ab¨ fvlvi kã eënvi Ki‡j welq I fvlv wgwj‡q wkïi Kv‡Q Zv
`y‡e©va¨ n‡q I‡V| GRb¨ cªvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Ab¨vb¨ welqI gvZ…fvlvq †kLv‡bv ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y©|
G‡Z wkïi wkLb mnR I ¯^vfvweK nq| wkïi c‡ÿ wewfbœ wel‡q m„RbkxjZv I D™¢vebxkw³i cwiPq
cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e nq|
GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv Avek¨K †h, we`¨vj‡qi MÐx AwZµg Kivi ci wkÿv_©xi Rxe‡b gvZ…fvlvi ¸iæZ¡¡
K‡g bv, eis †ÿÎwe‡k‡l e„w× cvq| we`¨vjq ch©v‡q AwR©Z gvZ…fvlvi mÿgZv e¨w³Rxeb, Kg©RMr I
mvgwRK A½‡b ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| †Kej gvZ…fvlv‡ZB GKRb e¨w³i wPšÍv-†PZbvi cÖKvk Ges
m„Rbkxj mÿgZvi m‣e©e weKvk mvwaZ nIqv m¤¢e| Avgiv gvB‡Kj ga~my`b `‡Ëi D`vniY Rvwb, whwb
RbwcÖqZvi Avkvq cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Bs‡iwR fvlvq mvwnZ¨PP©vq AMÖmi nb| hwÌ wZwb Zvui GB fzj
5
Abyave‡b mÿg nb Ges evsjvfvlvq mvwnZ¨PP©vq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i m„RbkxjZvi GK AbyKiYxq `„óvšÍ
¯vc‡b mÿg nb| wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ GB ai‡bi D`vniY weij bq| e¯‧Z gvZ…fvlvq mÿgZv GKRb e¨w³i
cieZ©x fvlvwkL‡bi wfZ iPbv K‡i| myZivs, Ab¨vb¨ †h †Kvb fvlvwkL‡bi c~‡e© gvZ…fvlvq c~Y© `ÿZv
AR©b evÃbxq| GB cÖm‡½ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii weL¨vZ Dw³wU ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ Av‡M PvB evsjv
fvlvq Muv_ywb Zvici Bs‡iwR wkÿvi cËb| myZivs, ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î
m„RbkxjZv, D™¢vebxkw³ I gvbm MV‡b gvZ…fvlv ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
6
Aa¨vq 2
fvlv I mvwnZ¨
mvwn‡Zï aviYv
iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii fvlvq mvwn‡Zï A_© n‡‪Q •bKU¨ ev mw¤§jb| mvwn‡Zï KvR ü`‡qi †hvM NUv‡bv,
†hLv‡b †hvMUvB †kl jÿ¨| wZwb mvwnZ¨‡K Zyjbv K‡i‡Qb eb¯úwZ e…‡ÿi mv‡_| hvi Avqy `xN©, †`n
wewPÎiƒ‡c AvK…wZevb, kvLvwqZ Zvi we¯Ívi| †m •`wbK Avï-cÖ‡qvR‡bi ÿz`ª mxgvq wbt‡kwlZ n‡Z n‡Z
wgwj‡q hvq bv| wewPÎ¨ dz‡j d‡j cjø‡e kvLvq Kv‡Ð, fv‡ei I iƒ‡ci mgev‡q mgMÖZvq †m wb‡Ri
Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Pig †M․ie †NvlYv Ki‡Z _v‡K ¯vqx Kv‡ji e…nr †ÿ‡Î (gvnveyeyj Avjg, 1971)| mvwnZ¨
n‡‪Q Rxe‡bi `c©Y ¯îƒc| ÔmvwnZ¨ Avgv‡ì Rxeb-m‡ZïB mnR cvV (mvwnZ¨ wewPšÍv, nicÖmv`
wgÎ)|Õ e¨w³, mgvR, ivóª, mgq BZ¨vw` wel‡qi cÖwZwe¤^ ¯úófv‡e dy‡U I‡V mvwn‡Zï ga¨ w`‡q|
mvwnZ¨ cvVKgb‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q †`q mg‡qi mv‡_, ms¯‥…wZi mv‡_, gvby‡li mv‡_| gvby‡li g‡bi
Abyf~wZ, ‣`bw›`b Rxe‡bi m~² Av‡eM, `„wófw½ cÖKvkgvb nq mvwn‡Z¨; †jL‡Ki †jLbxi ga¨ w`‡q|
mvwnZ¨‡K KL‡bv †Kvb mxgv ev cwim‡i wbw`©ó K‡i euvav hvq bv| †m cÖqvm e„_v| gvby‡li Rxe‡bi
Amxg •ewPÎ¨ wb‡q bvbvw`‡K mvwn‡Zï wePiY| mvwnZ¨ m…wó K‡i GKwU e¨w³gvbm wKš‧ GKK g‡bi
MwÐ †cwi‡q mvwnZ¨ n‡q I‡V wek¦ gvb‡ei g‡bi K_v| mvwnZ¨ Zy‡j a‡i Kv‡ji wPÎ, wKš‧ Kv‡jvËxY©
n‡q| mvwnZ¨ Zvi gvayh© w`‡q e¨w³gb‡K Avb›` †`q, †Zgwb mvwn‡Zï ga¨ w`‡q †h e³e¨ I‡V Av‡m
cvVKmgv‡Ri Kv‡Q, Zv Zv‡ì m‡PZb K‡i| Kwei Kíbvm‡PZb ü`q hZB wek¦e¨vcx nq ZZB Zuvi
iPbvi MfxiZvq Avgv‡ì cwiZ…wß ev‡o| mvwnZ¨ GKRb e¨w³ gvb‡mi Abyf~wZ cÖKv‡ki myjwjZ
PviY‡ÿÎ| ïiæ †_‡K A‡bK cÖ`xß Kwe I mvwnwZ¨KRb mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡i Avm‡Qb Ges mvwn‡Zï
†¯ªvZ cÖengvb †i‡L‡Qb| Avw` Kwe gnwl© evj¥xwK †_‡K Ck¦iP›`« we`¨vmvMi, Kwe¸iæ iex›`«bv_ VvKyi,
RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg, kirP›`« P‡Ævcva¨vq, Rxebvb›` `vk cÖgyL cÖvÁ mvwnwZ¨KRb
Ab¯^xKvh© Ae`vb †i‡L †M‡Qb|
AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki B‪Qv †_‡KB mvwnZ¨ iwPZ nq| ZvQvov cvwicvwk¦©‡Ki mv‡_ ms‡hvM, KíRM‡Zi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges iƒcwc«qZv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mvwnZ¨ m…wó nq| mvwnZ¨ cÖavbZ `yB
ai‡bi- gb¥q mvwnZ¨ (subjective literature) Ges Zb¥q mvwnZ¨ (objective literature)| hLb
mvwnwZ¨K GKvšÍ e¨w³MZ Abyf~wZ cÖKvk K‡ib, ZLb Zv‡K gb¥q mvwnZ¨ ejv nq| †hgb: KweZv, Mí,
Dcb¨vm BZ¨vw`| Avi mvwn‡Z¨ e¯ÍymËv hLb cÖvavb¨ cvq ZLb Zv‡K Zb¥q mvwnZ¨ e‡j| †hgb: cÖeÜ,
wbeÜ, M‡elYvag©x †jLv BZ¨vw`| GQvov mvwnZ¨‡K AviI `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq; Áv‡bi mvwnZ¨ I
fv‡ei mvwnZ¨| Áv‡bi mvwn‡Z¨ †jL‡Ki welqe¯Íy‡Z e¨w³ Abyf~wZi †P‡q e¯ÍywbôZv dy‡U I‡V| †hgb:
7
iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii Ôwek¦ cwiPqÕ, ivLvj`vm e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Ôevsjv BwZnvmÕ BZ¨vw`| Avi fv‡ei mvwn‡Z¨
†jL‡Ki welqe¯Íy‡Z ¯^xq Av‡eM Abyf~wZi cÖKvk cvq| †hgb: KweZv, Mí, bvUK, Dcb¨vm BZ¨vw`|
mKj iPbvB mvwnZ¨ bq| mvwn‡Zï me‡P‡q eo cwiPq Zv e¨w³g‡b Avb‡›ì mÂvi K‡i _v‡K|
mvwnZ¨ cvV K‡i cvVK Áv‡bi mv‡_ Avb›Àv¯^v` K‡i| mvwnZ¨ n‡Z n‡j iPbvwU‡Z wKQy ¸Yvewj
_vK‡Z nq| mvwnwZ¨‡Ki gb, e¯ÍyRMr, I c«Kvkfw½ G‡ÿ‡Î AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mvwnwZ¨‡Ki wbR g‡bi
cÖKvk _vK‡jB Zv mvwnZ¨ n‡e bv, cÖKvk n‡Z n‡e e¨w³ wbwe©‡kl| mvwnZ¨ GKvšÍ e¨w³wbô n‡qI
e¨w³wbwe©‡kl| ZvQvov e¯ÍyRMZ hv †jL‡Ki wbR e¨w³wPË Qvov cÖK…wZ, gvby‡li Abyf~wZ BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K©
¯úó I ev¯Íe iƒc dywU‡q Zyj‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖKvkfw½| mvwn‡Z¨ †jL‡Ki cÖKvkfw½
_vK‡e AZ¨šÍ mvejxj I ü`qMÖvnx| cÖKv‡ki GKwU wewkó fw½ _vKv PvB| †jL‡Ki cÖKvkfw½i Ici
wbf©i K‡i mvwnZ¨ cvVKmgv‡Ri Kv‡Q KZUv M…nxZ n‡e| †jL‡Ki K_v¸‡jv hw` cvVK eyS‡Z bv cv‡i
Z‡e Zv mv_©K mvwnZ¨ n‡q I‡V bv| GKRb mymvwnwZ¨K Zuvi †jLvq ¸Yvewj¸‡jvi mylg eÈb K‡i
_v‡Kb| mvwnZ¨ n‡Z n‡j Gme welq‡K mvg‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ w`K _v‡K| Gme w`K
wgwj‡q mvwn‡Zï PviY f~wg mg…× nq| †h fvlvq mvwnZ¨ PP©v †ewk nq †m fvlv ZZ MwZkxj I
cwikxwjZ n‡Z _v‡K| mvwnZ¨ fvlv‡K MwZkxjZv `vb K‡i|
mvwn‡Zï fve-im
gvby‡li g‡bi wPËe…wË ev emotion-†K fve ejv nq| Avi GB fve †_‡K Drcbœ nq i‡mi| i‡mi
gvbwmK Dcv`vb n‡‪Q fve| Avi evwn¨K Dcv`vb hv Kwei m…wó, mvwnZ¨, Zvi mv‡_ GKvZ¥ n‡q g‡bi fve
i‡m iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| fve I i‡mi †ÿÎ `ywU wfbœ| fve Drcbœ nq e¯ÍyRMr †_‡K, fve †j․wKK| wKš‧ im
m…wó nq Kve¨RM‡Zi A‡j․wKK gvqvgq RM‡Z| e¯ÍyZ g‡b †Kvb fve bv _vK‡j Kve¨mvwnZ¨ c‡o i‡mi
mÂvi n‡e bv| Ô†j․wKK RM‡Zi †Kvb Kvi‡Y gvbyl †kvKvZ© n‡j, Zvi g‡b †kvK fv‡ei D‡`«K nq Z‡e
Zv wKš‧ †kvKvZ© g‡b i‡mi mÂvi K‡iwb| Kwe ev †jLK hLb Zvui cÖwZfvi gvqve‡j GB †j․wKK †kvK
I Zuvi †j․wKK Kvi‡Yi GK A‡j․wKK wPÎ Kv‡e¨ dywU‡q †Zv‡jb, ZLwb cvV‡Ki g‡b i‡mi D`q nq,
hvi bvg ÔKiæYÕ im| GB KiæY im †kv‡Ki fve bq| †kvK n‡‪Q `ytL`vqK, wKš‧ Kwei Kv‡e¨ g‡b †h
KiæY i‡mi mÂvi nq, Zv †Pv‡L Rj Avb‡jI gb‡K Ac~e© Avb‡›` c~Y© K‡iÕ (gvnveyeyj Avjg, 1971)|
mvwn‡Zï im wewfbœ ai‡bi nq| †hgb- exi, nvm¨, A™¢yZ, KiæY, fqvbK, kvšÍ BZ¨vw`| †h fve †_‡K
GB im¸‡jv Drcbœ nq Zv n‡‪Q nvm, †kvK, †µva, Drmvn, fq, we¯§q, kg BZ¨vw`| gvB‡Kj gaym~`b
`‡Ëi †jLv Ô†gNbvèa Kve¨Õ-†Z exi i‡mi cÖKvk †`L‡Z cvB| †hLv‡b †gNbv` PwiÎwU‡Z Drmvn
fv‡ei †_‡K exi i‡mi mÂvi nq| Kwei G-gnvKve¨ cvV K‡i cvVK exi im Av¯^v`b Ki‡Z mÿg|
8
fvlv I mvwn‡Zï m¤úK©
gvbyl wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z Pvq, G evmbv Avengvb| gvbyl wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i fvlvi gva¨‡g| fvlv
gvby‡li cÖKvk gva¨g| gvbyl Zvi g‡bi fve cÖKvk ev †hvMv‡hvM K‡i _v‡K fvlvi eënv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q|
fvlv fve, wPšÍv I Av‡e‡Mi evnb| mevB fvlvi gva¨‡g wbR wbR fve, Av‡eM I wPšÍv cÖKvk Ki‡Z
Pvq| fvlvi GB eënvi †h hZ my›ì, gvwR©Z, ¯^‪Q, mvejxj, cwi‪Qbœ n‡e fvlvi GB eënviwU ZLb
mvwnZ¨ wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e| †m †ÿ‡Î iPbvkw³i •bcyYÏ mvwnZ¨ m„wói †ÿ‡Î gnvg~jëvb GKwU
welq| fvlv †eu‡P †_‡K gvby‡li eënvi I PP©vi ga¨ w`‡q| fvlvi eûgvwÎK eënvi I PP©v nq
mvwn‡Zï gva¨‡g| mvwn‡Zï eënv‡i fvlv‡K cwikxwjZ I cwigvR©b Kiv nq| fvlv Aj¼…Z nq
mvwn‡Z¨ eënv‡ii d‡j| mvwn‡Z¨ eënvi n‡q fvlv Q›` cvq, MwZkxjZv cvq| fvlv I mvwn‡Zï
AviI GKwU Awe‡‪Q`¨ m¤úK© nj fvlv hLb mvwn‡Z¨ eënvi Kiv nq ZLb fvlvi iƒcwU †Kgb Zvi
Ici wbf©i K‡i mvwn‡Zï MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv| fvlvi mvejxj cÖvÄj eënvi cvVK mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q AwaK
mgv`…Z| RwUj I `y‡e©va¨ fvlvi eënv‡i mvwnZ¨ mv_©KZv AR©b Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| ew¼gP›`«
P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi fvlvixwZi †P‡q kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi fvlvixwZ cvVK mgv‡R AwaK wcÖq I MÖnY‡hvM¨|
KviY `ywU fvlvixwZi eënv‡i cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| cv_©K¨ kã Pqb, evK¨ web¨vm, fve cÖKv‡ki
mvejxjZvq| fvlv hZ RwUj I `y‡e©va¨ n‡e gvbyl †m fvlv eënv‡i AbvMÖnx n‡e| G‡Z K‡i fvlvwU
ax‡i ax‡i nvwi‡q hv‡e| eënvi bv Ki‡j †Kvb fvlvB †eu‡P †_‡K bv| †h fvlvq hZ †ewk KvR Kiv
nq, mvwnZ¨ iPbv Kiv nq †m fvlv wejyß nq bv| eënv‡ii d‡j fvlvi iƒc cwiewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K,
cwigvwR©Z n‡Z _v‡K| mvwn‡Z¨ c~‡e© GKwU kã †h A_© enb Ki‡Zv eZ©gv‡b Zv cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i|
c~‡e© Ôm‡›`kÕ kãwU eënvi n‡Zv ZË¡ ev Z_¨ A‡_© wKš‧ eZ©gv‡b Ôwgwó RvZxq `ªe¨Õ eySvq| Gfv‡e
mg‡qi mv‡_ fvlv I mvwn‡Zï cwieZ©b n‡q _v‡K| ‣`bw›`b gy‡Li fvlv Avi mvwn‡Zï fvlv GK bq|
gy‡Li fvlv Avgiv †hgb fv‡e Lywk †mfv‡eB eënvi Kwi wKš‧ mvwn‡Z¨ eëüZ fvlv cwikxwjZ,
wbe©vwPZ n‡Z nq| fvlv, fvwlKixwZ I kã msiwÿZ nq mvwn‡Zï ga¨ w`‡q| mvwnZ¨ fvlv‡K msiÿY
K‡i| fvlv I mvwn‡Zï m¤úK© IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ|
cÖwZw`‡bi eënvh© fvlv‡K iwe VvKyi Ilwai mv‡_ Zyjbv K‡i‡Qb| hv ÿYKv‡ji dmj djv‡Z R‡b¥
ÿ‡Y g‡i| cÖwZw`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb wm× n‡Z n‡Z Zv jyß n‡q hvq| ÿwYK eënv‡ii msev` en‡b Zvi
mgvwß| wKš‧ mvwnZ¨ Zv bq| mvwnZ¨‡K eb¯úwZ e…‡ÿi mv‡_ Zyjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ÿwY‡Ki Rb¨ hvi
Rb¥ nqwb| ¯vqx Kv‡ji e…nr †ÿ‡Î Zvi wePiY| ZvB fvlvi e¨vcK eënvi I PP©vi d‡j mvwn‡Zï
Rb¥|
9
evsjv mvwn‡Zï Avw½K
evsjv mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ Avw½K i‡q‡Q| KweZv, †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, Qov, cÖeÜ, gnvKve¨,
MxwZbvU¨, b…Z¨bvU¨, ig¨ iPbv BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q evsjv mvwnZ¨ mg…×| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Gme Avw½‡K
Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb wewfbœ Kwe I †jLK| mvwn‡Îi Gme Avw½K m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
Qov
evsjv mvwn‡Zï Avw` wb`k©b Qov| evsjv fvlvi cÖvÄj mvwnZïƒc Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq †jvKgy‡L cÖPwjZ
Qov¸‡jvq| Qov Mfxi †Kvb fvev_© bq, Qovi welq n‡‪Q Q‡›ì Avb›`| Rxe‡bi wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b G-
Avb›` cwi‡ewkZ nq| Avb‡›ì GB mve©RbxbZv Qov‡K Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q me©Î Ges Gi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek
K‡i‡Q ewY©j •ewPÎ¨| m¤¢eZ †m Kvi‡YB mg‡qi cwiµgvq Qov n‡q D‡V‡Q AvZœcÖKvk I
AvZ¥cÖZ¨‡qiI cÖwZev`x nvwZqvi| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wkï‡Zvl Qovi cÖm½ G‡jB †h bvgwU mevi Av‡M
cvVKg‡b †f‡m I‡V, †m bvg m¤¢eZ myKygvi ivq| Gici iex›`«bv_ VvKyi, KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg,
RmxgD`&`xb, †ivKby¾vgvb `v`vfvB, kvgmyi ivngvb BZ¨vw` bvg ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e D‪PvwiZ nq| Ck¦iP›`«
¸ß Qovi Q›`‡K bvbv cÖKi‡Y cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Gi d‡j ïiæ nq Qovi eûgvwÎK hvÎv|
KweZv
fvlv hLb wbweo Dcjwä‡Z Av‡eM I cÖvYgq nq, ZLb Zvi wfZ‡i GKwU †eM I MwZi mÂvi n‡Z
_v‡K| GB †eM ev MwZi mshZ I cwiwgZ cÖKvkB KweZv| ÔkãÕ fve Kíbv I A_©-e¨Äbvi evnb|
KweZv g~jZ Rxeb-`xwcKv ev Rxeb-wRÁmv| KweZvi Av‡e`b ü`‡qi Kv‡Q A_©vr Abyf~wZ mv‡cÿ|
KweZv Av‡eM`xß Dcjwäi fvlv| KweZv `yB ai‡bi- gb¥q ev MxwZ KweZv I Zb¥q ev e¯Íywbô KweZv|
gb¥q KweZvq Kwe wb‡Ri AšÍi Abyf~wZ, e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv I fvebv-wPšÍv Kv‡eï mvgM«x iƒ‡c M«nY
K‡i KweZv iPbv K‡ib| gb¥q KweZv n‡‪Q fw³g~jK, ¯^‡`kcÖxwZg~jK, †cÖgg~jK, m‡bU,
c«K…wZwelqK, †kvKMxwZ, ¯ÍÎ, wPšÍvg~jK KweZv| Zb¥q KweZv n‡‪Q e¯Íywbô KweZv| Mv_v,gnvKve¨,
bxwZKweZv, iƒcK, e¨½KweZv, wjwcKweZv Zb¥q KweZvi D`vniY| evsjv KweZv iPbvq Kwe¸iæ
iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii bvg AMÖMY¨| ZvQvov RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg, Rxebvb›` `vk, weòy †`,
cwjøKwe Rmxg D`&`xb, kvgmyi ivngvb, Avj gvngy` cÖgyL KweRb ¯§iYxq| gb¥q KweZv- iex›`«bv_
VvKy‡ii -
Ggb w`‡b Zv‡i ejv hvq
Ggb Nb‡Nvi ewilvq
Ggb †gN¯^‡i ev`j SiS‡i
10
Zcbnxb Nb Zgmvq|
Zb¥q KweZv - iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ
MM‡b Mi‡R †gN Nb eilv
K~‡j GKv e‡m AvwQ bvwn fimv|
ivwk ivwk fviv fviv
avb KvUv nj mviv,
fiv b`x ÿyiaviv
Licikv|
KvwU‡Z KvwU‡Z avb Gj eilv|
†QvUMí
†QvUMí cÖm‡½ ej‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡gB wek¦Kwe iex›`«bv_ VvKz‡ii bvgwU g‡b Av‡m| evsjv †QvUM‡íi
mv_©K iPwqZv wZwb| mvwn‡Z¨ †QvUMí †jL‡Ki AvZ¥m‡PZb m…wó| G‡Z we‡kl ai‡bi MVbixwZ,
welqe¯Íy Pqb, PwiÎ m…wó, K‡_vcK_b, cwi‡ek m…wó, evYxfw½ cÖf…wZ jÿ¨ ivL‡Z nq| †QvUM‡íi Avi¤¢
I †kl bvUKxq nq| †jLK Rxe‡bi LÐvsk gvayh©gwÐZ K‡i Dc¯vcb K‡ib| iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii †jLv
ÔQywUÕ, ÔKveywjIqvjvÕ, Ô•ngšÍxÕ, Ô†LvKveveyi cÖZ¨veZ©bÕ, Ôkvw¯ÍÕ, BZ¨vw` kirP›`« P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi †jLv
Ôg‡nkÕ, ÔwejvmxÕ, Ôgvgjvi djÕ BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
Dcb¨vm
Dcb¨vm n‡‪Q †jL‡Ki e¨w³MZ Rxeb`k©b I Rxebvbyf~wZ †Kvb ev¯Íe Kvwnbx Aej¤^b K‡i m…ó eY©bvZ¥K
wkíKg©| Dcb¨v‡m GKwU Mí, PwiÎ, bvUKxqZv I MwZkxjZv _vK‡e| NUbv K‡qKwU PwiÎ‡K AvkÖq K‡i
M‡o I‡V| fvlv hZ mnR mvejxj nq cvVK ZZ AvK…ó nq| kirP›`« P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi Dcb¨vm cvVK mgv‡R
mgv`…Z n‡q‡Q fvlvixwZi GB mnR I mvejxjZvi Kvi‡Y| Dcb¨vm wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| †hgb Ñ
gb¯ÍvwË¡K Dcb¨vm, mvgvwRK Dcb¨vm HwZnvwmK Dcb¨vm, Kveäg©x Dcb¨vm BZ¨vw`|
bvUK
bvUK Kve¨ mvwn‡Zï †kÖô kvLv| bvUK cÖavbZ `…k¨ Kve¨ Ges GUv mKj cÖKvi Kv‡eï †kÖô Kve¨| `…k¨
Kve¨ I kÖve¨ Kv‡eï mgš^‡q i½g‡Â Dc¯vwcZ MwZgvb Rxe‡bi cÖwZ‪Qwe| mbvZb bvU¨KviMY bvU‡Ki
wZbwU HK¨ †g‡b Pj‡Zb- mg‡qi HK¨, ¯v‡bi HK¨ I NUbvi HK¨| cÖ‡Z¨K bvUK mvaviYZ cÂv‡¼
wef³ cÖvi¤¢, cÖevn, DrKl©, MÖwš-†gvPb I Dcmsnvi| bvUK wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K, †hgb- Uª¨v‡RwW
bvUK (gybxi †P․ayixi i³v³ cÖvšÍi), K‡gwW bvUK (Ck¦iP›`« we`¨vmvM‡ii åvwšÍwejvm), HwZnvwmK bvUK
11
(wØ‡R›`«jvj iv‡qi mvRvnvb, byiRvnvb, P›`«¸ß), †c․ivwYK bvUK, cÖnmb (gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi
G‡KB wK e‡j mf¨Zv, `xbeÜy wg‡Îi maevi GKv`kx) BZ¨vw`|
cÖeÜ
†jLK Zuvi Kíbv I eyw×e„wË‡K Avk«q K‡i †Kvb welqe¯Íy m¤^‡Ü †h AvZ¥m‡PZb bvwZ`xN© mvwnZ¨-iƒc
m…wó K‡ib Zv‡K cÖeÜ ejv nq| cÖe‡Ü fvlv I ‣`N¨© m¤ú‡K© ‣ewPÎ¨ _vK‡jI mvaviYZ M`¨ I bvwZ`xN©
K‡i wjL‡Z nq| cÖeÜ `yB ai‡bi- Zb¥q ev e¯Íywbô c«eÜ I gb¥q ev e¨w³MZ cÖeÜ| cÖeÜ iPbvq
iex›`«bv_ VvKyi, cÖg_ †P․ayix, e‡j›`«bv_ VvKyi, iv‡g›`«my›ì wÎ‡e`x, †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi cÖgyL
D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
12
Aa¨vq 3
wkï‡Zvl mvwnZ¨
Dwbk kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K KjKvZv‡Kw›`ªK AvbyôvwbK we`¨vjq ¯vwcZ nq| KviY G mgq ga¨weË
†kÖwYi mšÍvb‡ì we`¨vwkÿvi †ewk cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q| d‡j ZLb wkï‡ì Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯‡Í Ki cÖ‡qvRb
†`Lv †`q| ivavKvšÍ †è, ZvwibxPiY wgÎ, ivq Kgj †mb cÖgy‡Li D‡`¨v‡M †KvjKvZv ¯‥zj eyK
†mvmvBwU Dc‡`kg~jK AvVv‡ivwU M‡íi mgš^‡q cÖ_g wkï‡ì Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖKvk K‡i| G
cy¯KÍ ¸‡jv‡Z mwbœ‡ewkZ iPbv wkï‡Zvl ch©v‡qi ejv bv †M‡jI GwU wQj wkï mvwnZ¨ m„wói cÖv_wgK
cÖqvm| cieZ©x Kv‡j G m¤¢vi AviI mg„× I we¯Í…Z nq Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi, g`b‡gvnb ZK©vj¼vi
cÖgy‡Li kÖg, †gav I wbôvq| G mg‡q †hvMx›`ªbv_ miKvi ÔLyKzgwYi QovÕ bv‡g gvby‡qi gy‡L gy‡L
Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv Qovi GKwU msKjb K‡i wkïmvwn‡Zï bZzb avivi m~Pbv K‡ib| Zuvi mvwn‡Z¨ ¯vb
cvq Mí, Qov, KweZv I RxeRš‧ welqK Kvwnbx| wZwb cïcvwLi gyL w`‡q gvby‡li g‡Zv K_v ewj‡q
mvwnZ¨ m„wó K‡i ÿz‡` cvVK‡ì gb Rq K‡ib| G QvovI `wÿYviÄb wgÎ gRyg`vi, D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi
ivq‡P․ayix, myKzgvi ivq, mZ¨wRr ivq cÖgy‡Li m„wói ¯ú‡k© evsjv wkïmvwnZ¨ welq‡ewP‡Î¨ I cÖKi‡Y
mg„w× jvf K‡i‡Q| wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Zï msMÖn, m„wókxj iPbv, Av‡jvPbv I we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g iex›`ªbv_
VvKzi evsjv wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Z¨ beZi gvÎv ms‡hvRb K‡ib| KvRx bRiæj BmjvgI A‡bK KvjRqx
wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Zï ¯ªóv| Zey ejv hvq, myKzgvi ivq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi n‡q KvRx bRiæj
Bmjvg, Abœ`vk¼i ivq, Avnmvb nvexe, †ivKby¾vgvb Lvb `v`vfvB, kvgmyi ivngvb, Avj gvngy`,
GLjvmDwÏb Avng`, myKzgvi eo‬qv Ges G iKg AviI A‡b‡Ki m‡½ mv¤úªwZK jyrdi ingvb wiU‡bi
g‡Zv Kwe I QovKvi‡ì Ae`v‡b mg„× n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì wkïwcÖq mvwnZ¨RMr|
wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Zï ¯îƒc

1989 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil` KZ©„K wkï AwaKvi mb` M„nxZ nq| wkï AwaKvi mb`
Abyhvqx Ô18 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx mK‡jB wkïÕ| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq wkï bxwZ‡ZI †Kej 18 eQi ch©šÍ
mKj‡K wkï wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e eZ©gvb Av‡jvPbvq wkï ej‡Z †Kej cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i
Aa¨qbiZ wkÿv_©x‡ì MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Ôwkï‡ZvlÕ K_vwUi `ywU Ask : ÔwkïÕ Ges Ô†ZvlÕ| wkï K_vwUi m‡½ Avgiv mevB cwiwPZ| Avi Ô†ZvlÕ
gv‡b n‡jv ÔAvb›`Õ ev ÔLywkÕ| ÔmvwnZ¨Õ n‡jv gvby‡li wPšÍvaviv I Kíbvi myweb¨¯Í I mycwiKwíZ wjwLZ
iƒc ev wewfbœ ai‡bi iPbv| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Mí, Qov, KweZvi gva¨‡g †jL‡Ki wPšÍvaviv I Kíbvi †h
wjwLZ iƒc †`Lv hvq Zv n‡jv mvwnZ¨| Ôwkï‡Zvl mvwnZ¨Õ n‡jv, AZ¨šÍ mnR-mij fvlvq wjwLZ Qov,
KweZv I Mí, hv wkïi eqm-Dc‡hvMx, Pvwn`v Abyhvqx †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges hv co‡Z wkïiv Avb›` cvq,
hv c‡o wkïiv Lywk nq Ges gRv cvq|
mnR K‡i ej‡j, wkï‡ì Dc‡hvMx mvwnZ¨B wkï‡Zvl mvwnZ¨| Mí n‡‪Q wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg
cÖavb aviv| wkïiv †h ai‡bi Mí, Kvwnbx cQ›` K‡i, ZviB myweb¨¯Í mvwnZïƒc wkï‡Zvl Mí| aiv
13
hvK, Qwei eB‡qi K_v| ïay Qwe, †Kv‡bv K_v †bB| Qwei g‡a¨B A‡bK NUbv ev Kvwnbx jywK‡q Av‡Q|
GKUv Qwe Avm‡j A‡bK K_v e‡j| wkïi Kíbvkw³ GB K_v ev fvlv eyS‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Zï †kÖwYwefvM

wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Z¨ A‡bK aviv Av‡Q| Qwei eB, Qov, Mí, Qwe‡Z Mí, Qwe cÖavb Mí BZ¨vw`| Avevi
M‡íiI bvbv Avw½K GLv‡b i‡q‡Q| †hgb Ñ iƒcK_v, A¨vW‡fÂvi, Mí Rxebx, nvwmi Mí, e¨v½vZ¥K
Mí, mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki Mí, KwgK, •bwZK Mí, cÖK…wZ wb‡q Mí BZ¨vw`|
wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Zï Zvrch©
†Kv‡bv fvlv †kLvi A_© n‡jv †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv fvlv`ÿZv¸‡jv Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvR‡bi
mgq h_vh_fv‡e Zv eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| ïay Qwei eB wkkyi †kvbv I ejv fvlv`ÿZv `ywU e„w× Ki‡Z
mnvqZv K‡i| †Kbbv Qwe †`‡L wkï mvaviYZ Zvi Kíbvkw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wb‡Ri fvlvq NUbvi
eY©bv K‡i| †hgb-Ò•`‡Zï wL‡` †c‡q‡QÓ M‡í -Ò•`‡Zï A‡bK wL‡` †c‡q‡Q| •`Z¨ e¨vM †L‡q
†dj‡jv| •`Z¨ wP‡Kb †L‡q †dj‡jv|Ó GB ai‡bi Mí †kvbvi ci wkï wb‡R Kíbv K‡i Ges wb‡Ri
fvlvq ej‡Z _v‡K ÒGevi •`Z¨ †Uwej †L‡q †dj‡jv, •`Z¨ †evW© †L‡q †dj‡jv, •`Z¨ Avgvi e¨vM
†L‡q †dj‡jvÓ A_©vr Qwe‡Z cÖKvwkZ fvlvi mv‡_ wkï Zvi Kíbv‡K GKvKvi K‡i †`‡L| cÖwZw`b
†kÖwYK‡ÿ Mí †kvbvi d‡j mKj wkïiB †kvbv I ejv fvlv`ÿZv `ywU mgfv‡e weKvk jvf K‡i| wkïi
GB AR©b cieZ©x‡Z cov I †jLv fvlv`ÿZvi weKvk‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| ZvB cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖ_g
†kÖwY‡Z Qwei eB ev Qwe‡Z Mí ejvi Abykxjb fvlv`ÿZv AR©‡b we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡L|
wkïi fvlv`ÿZv weKv‡k wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Zï f~wgKv
†Kv‡bv fvlv †kLvi A_© n‡jv ïb‡Z, ej‡Z, co‡Z I wjL‡Z †kLv| A_©vr GB fvlv-`¶Zv¸‡jv
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g AvqË K‡i cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq h_vh_fv‡e Zv eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| Qwei eB wkkyi
†kvbv I ejv fvlv-`¶Zv `ywU e„w× Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †Kbbv, Qwe †`‡L wkï mvaviYZ Zvi
Kíbvkw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wb‡Ri fvlvq NUbvi eY©bv w`‡Z cv‡i| †hgb : Ô•`‡Zï wL‡` †c‡q‡QÕ
M‡í Ò•`‡Zï A‡bK wL‡` †c‡q‡Q| •`Z¨ e¨vM †L‡q †dj‡jv| •`Z¨ wP‡Kb †L‡q †dj‡jv|Ó M‡íi
GUzKz †kvbvi ci wkï wb‡R Kíbv K‡i Ges wb‡Ri fvlvq ej‡Z cv‡iÑÒGevi •`Z¨ †Uwej †L‡q
†dj‡jv, •`Z¨ †evW© †L‡q †dj‡jv, •`Z¨ Avgvi e¨vM †L‡q †dj‡jv|Ó A_©vr Qwe‡Z cÖKvwkZ fvlvi
mv‡_ wkï Zvi Kíbv‡K GKvKvi K‡i †`‡L| cÖwZw`b †kÖwYK‡¶ Mí †kvbvi d‡j mKj wkïiB †kvbv
I ejv fvlv-`¶Zv `ywU mgfv‡e weKvk jvf K‡i| wkïi GB AR©b, cov I †jLv, cieZ©x‡Z fvlv-
`¶Zvi weKvk‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| ZvB cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Qwei eB, Qovi eB ev Qwe‡Z Mí
ejvi Abykxjb fvlv-`¶Zv AR©‡b we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡L|
14
†jLK cwiwPwZ
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i wkïi Kíbvkw³i weKvk, m„RbkxjZvi D‡b¥l I †kLvi †ÿ‡Î GKwU Avb›`gq
cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨ wkïi Dc‡hvMx mvwnZ¨, A_©vr wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Zï †h bvbv m¤¢vi mvwR‡q ivLv
n‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ Qov I Qwe‡Z Mí cov GKwU we‡kl Av‡qvRb| RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯K Í †evW©
(GbwmwUwe) G j‡ÿ¨ Avgvi eB Ges wkÿK mnvwqKvq A‡bK gRvi gRvi Qov I Mí ms‡hvRb
K‡i‡Q| ewY©Z Qov I Qwe‡Z Mí G ¯Í‡ii wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx †_‡K Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k, cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x‡ì fvlv `¶Zv
AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ †evZ‡j Bu`yiQvbv, †mvbvgwY, eQi Ny‡i †`Lv I h`y gv÷vi Mí¸‡jv cÖKvk K‡i| G
cÖKvkbvq KvwiMwi I Avw_©K mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i BDwb‡md, evsjv‡`k| BDwb‡md wb‡qvwRZ civgk©K
Aa¨vcK kIKZ Avjg wmwÏKx Ges XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui cÖ‡dmi
k¨vgjx AvKei Gi~c 18wU M‡íi eB iPbv I m¤úv`bvq mwµq mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| G QvovI
†jLK wn‡m‡e wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i ïfvwkm PµeË©x, DËgKzgvi ai, wb‡ikP›`ª gyLvwR© Ges †emiKvwi
cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ knx`yjøvn kixd `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| ewY©Z †jLK‡ì cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii
wk¶vµg, cvV¨cy¯K Í Ges wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwk¶YmvgMÖx cÖYq‡bi m‡½ `xN© mswkøóZv i‡q‡Q|
M‡íi eB¸‡jv m„Rbkxj I wkï‡Zvl iPbv wn‡m‡e cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv, evsjv‡`k KZ…©K
cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkï‡ì Rb¨ m¤ú~iK cVb-DcKiY wn‡m‡e cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|
Qov I Qwe‡Z Mí cov

Qov
wmsn gvgv wmsn gvgv

KiQ Zzwg wK
GB †`L bv †Kgb †Zvgvi
Qwe Gu‡KwQ
15
Qwe cov
g~jfve
cÖ`Ë Qov I Qwe‡Z MíwU cÖvK-cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkï‡ì gRv cvIqvi Rb¨B ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Qovi †Kv‡bv bvg †bB| QovwU ï‡b wkï wb‡RB Gi GKwU bvg †`‡e| QovwU †kvbvi cvkvcvwk Kíbvi
RM‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i wb‡RB is-Zzwj wb‡q Kíbvi RMr Ny‡i m„Rbkxj fze‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Qwe cov ïay
QweB, †KvbI †jLv †bB| Qwe¸‡jv Ggb, †hb †mLv‡b A‡bK K_v jywK‡q Av‡Q| GB jyKv‡bv K_v
G‡KKR‡bi wPšÍv ev Kíbv| ZvB G ai‡bi Qwei eB wkïi Kíbvi RMr‡K A‡bK †ewk cÖmvwiZ
K‡i|
16
†evZ‡j Bu`yi Qvbv
17
18
19
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21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
g~jfve
Ô†evZ‡j Bu`yiQvbvÕ eBwU cÖvK-cÖv_wgK Ges cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkï‡ì fv‡jv jvMv, gRv cvIqvi Rb¨
•Zwi Qwei eB| wWRvBb I Qwe w`‡qB MíwU •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †jLv †bB| wKš‧ Qwe¸‡jv
A‡bK K_v e‡j| Qwe¸‡jv Ggb, †hb †mLv‡b A‡bK K_v jywK‡q Av‡Q| GB jyKv‡bv K_v G‡KKR‡bi
wPšÍv ev Kíbv| cÖwZwU gvbylB KíbvcÖeY| Zvi g‡a¨ wkïiv GKUz †ewkB KíbvRM‡Z evm K‡i| ZvB
G ai‡bi Qwei eB wkïi Kíbvi RMr‡K A‡bK †ewk cÖmvwiZ K‡i| Gme Qwe †`‡L Zviv wewfbœ
ai‡bi wPšÍv K‡i, G‡K A‡bï m‡½ A‡bK K_v e‡j| G¸‡jv Zv‡ì Kíbv| Qwe †`‡L wkï mvaviYZ
Zvi Kíbvkw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wb‡Ri fvlvq NUbvi eY©bv K‡i| †`Lv hvq, GB Mí ejv cÖ‡Z¨K
wkkyi Rb¨ wfbœ| †kÖwYK‡¶ GKRb wkï hLb Qwe †`‡L Mí e‡j, ZLb Ab¨ wkïiv H Mí †kvbvi
my‡hvM cvq| †kÖwYK‡¶ G KvRwU Ki‡j me wkïiB †kvbv I ejv fvlv-`¶Zv `ywU mgfv‡e weKwkZ
n‡e| wkïi GB `¶Zv AR©b cieZ©xKv‡j cov I †jLv fvlv-`¶Zvi weKvk‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| ZvB
cÖvK-cÖv_wgK I cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Qwei eB ev Qwe‡Z Mí ejvi Abykxjb fvlv`¶Zv AR©‡b we‡kl f~wgKv
iv‡L|
Ô†evZ‡j Bu`yiQvbvÕ M‡í weov‡ji Zvov †L‡q GKwU Bu`yiQvbvi †evZ‡j Xz‡K hvIqv Ges gv-Bu`y‡ii
eyw×i †Rv‡i †ei n‡q Avmvi NUbv cwiùzU n‡q‡Q| eBwUi cÖwZwU c„ôvRy‡o AvKl©Yxq Qwe i‡q‡Q| GB
Qwe¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e AuvKv, hvi fvebv wkï‡ì mn‡R AvK„ó Ki‡e|
29
†mvbvgwY Bu`yi
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31
32
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g~jfve
Ô†mvbvgwbÕ MíwU cÖ_g †kªwYi wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ wjwLZ n‡q‡Q|
AvKl©Yxq Qwehy³ M‡íi eB wkï‡K mn‡RB AvK…ó K‡i| ZvB c„w_exi me©Î wkï‡Zvl eB¸‡jv
g‡bv‡jvfv I `„wób›`b n‡q _v‡K| i‡Oi ewY©j QUv I Aeq‡ei •ewPÎ¨ wkïgb‡K Mfxifv‡e bvov
†bq| GiB AvKl‡©Y wkï eB‡qi eY©bv ïb‡Z I co‡Z AbycÖvwYZ nq| Qwei m‡½ m‡½ wkï NUbv
eyS‡Z Pvq| Avgiv GKUz †Lqvj Ki‡jB †`L‡Z cve, wb‡Pi †kÖwYi Rb¨ iwPZ eB¸‡jv‡Z
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Qwei msL¨v I cwimi †ewk _v‡K Ges Qwei Zzjbvq †jLvi K‡jei Kg| Gi g~j
KviY ax‡i ax‡i wkï‡K fvlvi weg~Z© iƒc †_‡K g~Z© iƒ‡ci w`‡K wb‡q hvIqv|
Ô†mvbvgwbÕ M‡í GKwU †QvÆ †g‡qi mvivw`‡bi bvbv NUbv cwiùzU n‡q‡Q| c„ôv Ry‡o Qwe I GK `yB
jvB‡bi †QvU †QvU ev‡Kï eY©bv wkkyi g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn `yBB a‡i ivL‡Z m¶g| fvlvq iwPZ M‡íi
m‡½ Qwei M‡íi cv_©K¨ n‡‪QÑQwei M‡í GKwU ev `ywU ev‡Kï K_v _v‡K| GLv‡b Ô†mvbvgwbÕ MíwU‡Z
wkïi •`bw›`b Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk †ek wKQz fv‡jv Kv‡Ri K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| fv‡jv KvR Ki‡j mevB †h
Avì K‡i, ZvI c‡iv¶fv‡e ¯úó Kiv n‡q‡Q MíwU‡Z| M‡íi †kl ev‡K¨ Gi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e ejv
n‡q‡QÑÔmevB e‡j Avwg †mvbvgwbÕ|
GB M‡í wKQz evK¨vs‡kiI cybive„wË Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Ñ Avwg GUv Kwi, †mUv Kwi, GBme BZ¨vw`|
fvlv †kLvi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q evK¨ KvVv‡gvi GB ai‡bi cybive„wË wkï‡K GKB ai‡bi evK¨ evievi
†kvbvi my‡hvM K‡i †`q| d‡j wkïg‡b ev‡Kï KvVv‡gv ¯vqx nq Ges Abyiƒc evK¨ eënv‡i †m
¯^v‪Q›`¨ †eva K‡i| ï‡b I c‡o Gfv‡e AwR©Z fvlv-AwfÁZv cieZ©xKv‡j Zvi ejv I †jLvi
fvlv`¶Zv AR©‡b we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡L|
43
eQi Ny‡i †`Lv
4
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
g~jfve
ÔeQi Ny‡i †`LvÕ MíwU wØZxq †kªwYi wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ LyeB mnR fvlvq †jLv| M‡íi cÖavb `ywU PwiÎ
n‡‪Q cvwL| Zviv wb‡R‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡b B‡‪Qg‡Zv †`‡ki G-cÖvšÍ †_‡K I-cÖvšÍ Ny‡i †eovq| Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z
Zviv bvbv ai‡bi AvenvIqvi m‡½ cwiwPZ nq| wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ AvenvIqvq Zviv bZzb bZzb dyj,
dj, Lvev‡ii i~c, im, ¯^v` cvq| cvwL wkï‡ì GKUv cQ‡›ì cÖvYx| GB M‡í cvwLi K‡_vcK_‡bi
gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki loFZyi i~c-•ewPÎ¨ dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| G‡KKwU ¯v‡b hvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ FZzi
cwieZ©b n‡‪Q| GB ai‡bi Mí †kvbvi gva¨‡g wkïivI Kíbvq wewfbœ RvqMvq Ny‡i †eovevi AeKvk
cvq| GB M‡í AZ¨šÍ mnR fvlvq DwjøwLZ welqe¯‧wU wkï‡ì Kv‡Q Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| j¶¨, wkïiv
hv‡Z GB MíwU c‡o Avb›` cvq Avi Gi cvkvcvwk †m Ab¨vb¨ Mí covi cÖwZ AvMÖnx nq|
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59
cvkvcvwk `ywU †QvU ivR¨| GKwUi bvg KvÂbbMi, Ab¨wUi
P¤úKbMi| `ywU iv‡Rï mxgvbvq GKwU b`x| bvg `yamvMi|
b`xi Zx‡i `v`v fvB Acy †P․ayixi evwo| Avg, Rvg, wjPz,
KuvVv‡ji Qvqv‡Niv evwo‡Z `v`vfvB‡qi ¯‥z‡j Lye Avb›`|
cov‡jLv, MvbevRbv, †Ljvayjv meB nq| `v`vfvB‡qi ¯‥z‡j
G‡j †KD Avi †h‡Z Pvq bv|
KvÂbbM‡i Av‡Q GK ivRcyÎ, bvg cvZvKzgvi| P¤úKbM‡i

Av‡Q GK ivRKb¨v, bvg P¤úveZx| ivR¨ `ywUi gvbyl LyeB
wbixn| †KD Kv‡iv mv‡_ †Mvjgvj K‡i bv| †Kv‡bv Amyweav
n‡j `v`vfvB‡qi Kv‡Q Av‡m| wZwb me wVK K‡i †`b|
`v`vfvB‡K mevB Lye gv‡b|
60
nVvr Kx wb‡q †hb `y ivRvi g‡a¨
†Mvjgvj †`Lv w`j| †KD Kv‡iv gyL
†`‡L bv| GKRb Avi GKR‡bi bvg
ïb‡Z cv‡i bv| GKRb GKUv KvR
Kij, †Zv AciRb cvëv Av‡iKUv
K‡i| KvÂbbM‡ii ivRv nq‡Zv `vIqvZ
w`‡q `yB k †jvK LvIqv‡jv| Agwb
P¤úKbM‡ii ivRv Pvi kZ †jvK LvB‡q
†`q| ivRvq ivRvq †Mvjgvj _vK‡jI `y
ivwbi g‡a¨ Lye wgj| me †`‡Lï‡b
`v`vfvB fve‡jb, GiKg Ki‡j †Zv `ywU
iv‡RïB ÿwZ n‡e| KvÂbbM‡ii GK
gš¿x‡K †W‡K ej‡jb, Ôevcy †n, †Zvgiv
†Mvjgvj _vgvI|
61
gš¿x e‡j, Ôbv, `v`vfvB| P¤úKbM‡ii ivRv Avgv‡ì Acgvb K‡i‡Q|Õ Kx Acgvb K‡i‡Q, wR‡Ám
Ki‡j Avi ej‡Z cv‡i bv| `v`vfvB eyw×gvb| ej‡jb ÔAv‪Qv, KvÂbbM‡ii `ywU ¯‥zj †f‡O †M‡Q| I
`ywU‡K `vjvb K‡i `vI †`wL|
gš¿x ivRv‡K ej‡j ivRv ¯‥zj `ywU `vjvb K‡i w`‡jb|
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63
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67
g~jfve
KvÂbbMi I P¤úKbMi ivR¨ `ywU wQj LyeB my›ì, †hb Qwei gZ| cÖRviv mevB my‡L kvwšÍ‡Z wQ‡jb|
iv‡Rï gvSLv‡b `yamvMi b`xi Zx‡i Qvqv‡Niv GKwU evwo‡Z _vK‡Zb GKRb †jLvcov Rvbv cwÐZ
e¨w³ Acy †P․ayix| iv‡Rï mevB Zv‡K `v`vfvB e‡jB WvK‡Zb| wkïiv †Zv `v`vfvBej‡ZB cvMj|
GRb¨ `v`vfvB‡qi ¯‥z‡j mevB co‡Z hvq| ivR¨ `ywUi me gvbylB Zvi K_v †kv‡b Ges gv‡b| nVvr
K‡i `ywU iv‡Rï g‡a¨ Kx †hb n‡jv| †KD Kv‡iv K_v ïb‡Z cv‡i bv| GKw`b `v`vfvB `yB iv‡Rï
`yRb gš¿x‡K †W‡K ej‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì Kx mgm¨v? †`wL Avwg mgvavb Ki‡Z cvwi wKbv| mgm¨v †h `ywU
iv‡Rï Kx G K_vUvI †KD e‡j bv| ïay GKRb Av‡iK Rb‡K †`vl †`q| `v`vfvB †`L‡jb, GUv‡Zv
Avi Pj‡Z †Ìqv hvq bv| wZwb wKQz †K․kj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jb| `yB iv‡Rï weev` †gvUv‡bvi Rb¨| Zvi
cwiKíbvi Kvi‡YB cvZvKzgvi Avi P¤úveZxi we‡q n‡jv| `v`vfvB `yB iv‡Rï ivRv‡K Kv‡Q †W‡K
ej‡jb, Avi †Kvb weev` bq| Avcbviv GLb ci¯ú‡ii AvZ¥xq| cvZvKzgvi Avi P¤úveZx iv‡Rï
ivRv cÖRv mevi g‡a¨B kvwšÍ wd‡i Gj| my‡Li †P‡q kvwšÍ fv‡jv|
68
BZj weZj
mywdqv Kvgvj
BZj weZj Mv‡Qi cvZv

Mv‡Qi Zjvq e¨v‡Oi QvZv
e„wó c‡o fv‡O QvZv
†Wvevq Wz‡e e¨v‡Oi gv_v|
69
g~jfve
ÔA‡_©i MfxiZv bq, wkïmyjf mijZvB Gi cÖavb •ewkó¨Õ Ñ Qov m¤úwK©Z GB Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv †g‡j
GB QovwUi gva¨‡g| mvaviYfv‡e GLv‡b Kíbvi evn‡b †P‡c wkï Zvi g‡bi g‡Zv K‡i GK wfbœ
RM‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki †Póv †bq| QovwUi cÖ`Ë cOw³ †_‡K †`Lv hvq, GKwU Mv‡Qi Zjvq e¨v‡Oi QvZv|
e¨vO, e¨v‡Oi WvK, el©vKvj, QvZv BZ¨vw` †hgb wkïi Kv‡Q Abvwej Avb‡›ì Drm, †Zgwb BZj-weZj
bvgK A‡Pbv Mv‡Qi Zjv cÖf…wZ Zvi Kv‡Q †K․Z~n‡jvÏxcK|
GB QovwUi GmKj •ewk‡óï AšÍiv‡j i‡q †M‡Q fvlvPP©vi GK bw›`Z Aa¨vq| wkïi fvlv`ÿZv PP©vi
cÖv_wgK avc n‡jv cÖvKK_b| wkï wKQz ïb‡jI Abyiƒcfv‡e ejvi `ÿZv AR©b K‡i bv| KviY
DËgfv‡e ejvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb evK-cÖZ¨½¸‡jvi wbqwš¿Z AvPiY| GB †ÿ‡Î G QovwUi eûgvwÎKZv
†hgb aŸwb PP©vi (BZj Ñ B‡Zvj, weZj Ñ we‡Zvj BZ¨vw`) gva¨‡g mvejxjfv‡e ejvi `ÿZv AR©‡b
mnvqZv cÖ`vb|
Kg© Abykxjb
1. wb¤œ ewY©Z k‡Z©i Av‡jv‡K D³ Qovi GKwU mggv‡bi Qov iPbv Kiæb|
kZ©mg~n :
1. Qovi jvBb Ñ 4,
2. cÖwZ jvB‡b kã msL¨v Ñ 4,
3. cÖwZ k‡ã eY© msL¨v Ñ 2/3 Gi AwaK bq,
4. 2q I 4_© jvB‡bi †k‡l `vwo (|) hwZ wP‡ýi eënvi,
5. hy³e¨Äb kã _vK‡e bv,
6. k‡ãi aŸwbMZ wgj _vK‡e 2q I 4_© jvB‡b|
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
g~jfve
h`y gv÷vi MÖv‡gi GKRb mnR-mij wb‡ew`ZcÖvY wk¶K| †Kv‡bv wKQz cÖvwßi cÖZ¨vkv Zuvi †bB|
wk¶v_©x‡ì g½j KvgbvB Zuvi GKgvÎ fvebv I KvR| G Rb¨B ¯‥zjN‡ii •`b¨`kv Zuv‡K e¨w_Z K‡i|
wZwb Gi †givg‡Zi K_v fv‡eb| G fvebvB Zuvi wec` †W‡K Av‡b| mvnvh¨ PvB‡Z wM‡q cw_g‡a¨
wZwb WvKv‡Zi nv‡Z c‡ob| wKš‧ WvKv‡Zi nv‡Z AvUK n‡qI wZwb wePwjZ nbwb| PvwiwÎK mZZv I
`„pZvB Zuvi Pwi‡Îi cÖavb •ewkó¨| wZwb mZëv`x| Zuvi mZëvw`Zvq gy» n‡q WvKvZivB †kl ch©šÍ
¯‥zjNi †givgZ K‡i †`q| h`y gv÷v‡ii ms¯ú‡k© G‡m WvKvZiv Zuv‡ì †ckv cwieZ©b K‡i mgv‡R
mrfv‡e emevm Ki‡Z _v‡K| mZZvi GB `„óvšÍ wkïi gb‡K †`vjv †`‡e Ges PwiÎ MV‡b mnvqZv
Ki‡e|
82
Aa¨vq 4
Qov
mvwn‡Zï GK cÖvPxb I mg…× kvLv Qov| we‡kl K‡i wkï mvwn‡Z¨ Qovi GKwU we‡kl RvqMv i‡q‡Q|
Gi Avw` Drm †j․wKK| Qov Avgv‡ì cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Rwo‡q Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q| ÔQovÕ evsjvi
†jvKmvwn‡Zï GKwU RbwcÖq kvLv| Gi cÖPvi me©vÂjxq| evsjvi Ggb GKwU Ni †bB, †hLv‡b `y-`kwU
Qovi cÖPjb †bB|
Qov ej‡ZB wkïi g‡bviÄ‡bi Rb¨ iwPZ GK cÖKvi Q‡›`ve× c`ïPbvi K_v gvbmc‡U †R‡M I‡V|
KweZv ev c‡`ï m‡½ GB †kÖwYi iPbvi cv_©K¨ A‡bK| A‡_©i MfxiZv bq, wkïmyjf mijZvB Gi cÖavb
•ewkó¨| ÔQU&Õ avZy †_‡K Qov k‡ãi DrcwË e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| aviYv Kiv nq Qovi fve ev wPÎivwk
Qov‡bv-wQUv‡bv _v‡K| hv †_‡K †eva Kwi Giƒc bvgKiY| Z‡e Gi bvbvfve ev wPÎ j¶ Kiv †M‡jI Zv
†h G‡jv‡g‡jv Qov‡bv wQUv‡bv Zv bq| eis Kjvi Qovi g‡Zv wewPÎ fve ev Qwei GK AšÍi½ eÜ‡b GwU
evuav c‡o| cÖ_vMZfv‡e wkï‡ì Kv‡Q †h c`¨ ejv ev Mvb Kiv nq ZvB Qov| A_©vr Qov n‡‪Q Ônvév
Pv‡ji c`¨Õ (Abœ`vk¼i ivq) Z‡e mgv‡Ri mvaviY gvby‡li Av‡eM, Kíbv, ¯^cœ, ¯§…wZ, AwfÁZvi K_v
c‡`ï fvlvq Q‡›ì eÜ‡b ¶y`ª Aeq‡e †h evOgq iƒc jvf K‡i ZvB Qov| (IqvwKj Avn‡g`)
•ewkó¨
Qovi wbR¯^ wKQy •ewkó¨ Av‡Q| Qov g~jZ Av‡eM Abyf~wZRvZ †hLv‡b D™¢U I A‡h․w³K welqI bvbv
i‡O iwÄZ n‡q wkï g‡b Av‡jvob m…wó K‡i| †hgb-
Uygym Uygym evw`¨ ev‡R
†jv‡K e‡j Kx
kvgyK ivRv we‡q K‡i
wSbyK ivRvi wS| (Q›`- iex›`«bv_ VvKyi)
Qov ïay wkï‡ì Rb¨ bq| wewfbœ welq‡K mevi Kv‡Q mnR, ‡evaMg¨ I imvZ¥Kfv‡e Dc¯vcb Kivi
†¶‡ÎI Qov eëüZ nq| †KvbI wel‡qi MfxiZv †evSv‡Z e¨½vZ¥Kfv‡eI Qov eënvi Kiv nq|
†hgb, †`kwefvM wb‡q Abœ`vk¼i ivq iwPZ Qov
†Z‡ji wkwk fvOj e‡j,
LyKyi Õc‡o ivM K‡iv?
†Zvgiv †h me †a‡o †LvKv,
fviZ †f‡O fvM K‡iv?
Zvi †ejv?
83
Qov PP©vq me ai‡bi bibvix AskM«nY K‡i| •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi Awe‡‪Q`¨ Ask GB Qov| Lbvi ePb
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †Zgwb GK Qov| K…wl Kv‡R, AvenvIqv I wewfbœ †¶‡Î Lbvi ePb Avgv‡ì gy‡L _v‡K|
†hgb- K…wl m¤ú‡K© ÔKjv i‡q bv †K‡Uv cvZ, Zv‡ZB Kvco Zv‡ZB fvZ|Õ AvenvIqv m¤ú‡K© Ôhw` e‡l©
gv‡Ni †kl, awb¨ ivRvi cywY¨ †`k|Õ
Qovi ‰ewPÎ¨ eûgvwÎK| †hgb- †Q‡j fyjv‡bv Qov, Nygcvovwb Qov †_‡K jNy ¸iæ me ai‡bi welq Ges
nvm¨-e¨½-KiæY-kvšÍ bvbv ai‡bi im wb‡q Qov nq| †hgb-wØ‡R›`«jvj ivq iwPZ e¨½vZ¥K
KweZvÔb›`jvjÕ G RvZxq KweZvi D`vniY|
b›`jvj †Zv GK`v GKUv Kwij fxlY cY
¯^‡`‡ki Z‡i, †h K‡iB †nvK, ivL‡eB †m Rxeb|
mK‡j ewjj, ÔAv-nv-nv Ki wK, Ki wK, b›`jvj?
b›` ewjj, Ôewmqv ewmqv iwne wK wPiKvj?
Avwg bv Kwi‡j †K Kwi‡e Avi D×vi GB †`k?Õ
ZLb mK‡j ewjj Ôevnev evnev evnev †ek!Õ
Qovi wbR¯^ Q›` Av‡Q| †h †Kvb fvlvi cÖengvb cÖvYkw³‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i †Kej wm‡jweK Q‡›ì
Qov¸‡jv| †Kbbv mvavi‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b ¯^Ztù~Z© GK Q‡›` iwPZ nq Qov| Q‡›ì GB ¯^Ztù~Z©ZvB
Qov‡K K‡i‡Q hy‡MvËxY©| ZvQvov Mfxi †Kvb fvev_© bq, Qovi welq n‡‪Q Q‡›ì Avb›`| evsjv fvlvq
Qov ¯îe„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| D‪Pvi‡Yi `ªæZZv I mejZv ¯îe„Ë Q‡›ì cÖavb •ewkó¨| `ªæZZv, cÖej
k¦vmvNv‡Zi Rb¨B ¯îe„Ë Q›` AwaKZi cÖvYešÍ Ges K_vfvlvi Dc‡hvMx n‡q D‡V‡Q| ¯îe„Ë Q›` 4/4
Q‡›` iwPZ|
mvZ jvwV‡Z dwos gv‡ib Ggwb cv‡jv qvb
`vuZ w`‡q †m wQuo‡j †mw`b g¯Í Av‡jv qvb
gvÎvweb¨vm : 4+4+4+2 = 14
ivZ †cvnvj dimv nj dyUj KZ dyj
Dwo‡q cvLv bxj cZvKv RyUj Awj Kyj
gvÎvweb¨vm : 4+4+4+1 = 13
¯îe„Ë Q‡›` e×v¶i I gy³v¶i `yB †¶‡ÎB GK gvÎv n‡q _v‡K| Dch©y³ Qov¸‡jv 4 gvÎvi c~Y© ce©
Ges 2 I 3 gvÎvi Ac~Y© c‡e© MwVZ (Ave„wËi mgq GK wbk¦v‡m hZUzKz PiY GKev‡i D‪PvwiZ nq Zv‡K
ce© e‡j)|
Qov Ave„wË Kiv myLKi| D‪PviY, †SvuK, mgq, hwZi eënvi BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv Qovi Ave„wË‡K myLKi
K‡i ‡Zv‡j| QovwU ZLb kÖæwZ gayi n‡q I‡V|
Qovi fvlv I cÖKvkfw½ mnR mij I cÖZ¨¶; K¡wPr †nuqvwj fvlvI eëüZ nq| Qov wPÎeûj I aŸwb
¯úw›`Z e‡j ¯§„wZ‡Z a‡i ivLv mnR nq| AbyKvi kã¸‡jv gvby‡li g‡b †Mu‡_ _v‡K `xN© mgq| †hgb-
Vvm Vvm `ªæg `ªvg, ï‡b jv‡M LUKv,
dzj †dv‡U? ZvB ej! Avwg fvwe cUKv!
kuvB kuvB cb cb f‡q Kvb eÜ
84
IB eywS Qy‡U hvq †m dz‡ji MÜ?
ûogyo aycavc‭ IwK ïwb fvB ‡i!
†`LQ bv wng c‡i †hIbv‡Kv evB‡i|
Qov wPËwe‡bv`‡bi wbg©j gva¨g| •bwZKZvi wePv‡i Zv g~jZ køxj I iæwPm¤úbœ| Qovi fve †kvfb,
iæwPm¤úbœ I me©RbM«vn¨|
Qovi ¸iæZ¡
Qov ïb‡j c«_‡gB g‡b nq Qovi c«wZwU aŸwb I kã Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡mœn, Avì, ggZv I c«xwZi ¯úk©
w`‡q| k‡‫‫‬Li wfZ‡i †hgb mgy‡`«i K‡jv aŸwb †kvbv hvq, Qovi g‡a¨ †Zgwb ü`‡qi ¯ú›`b †kvbv hvq
Avi DËvc Abyfe Kiv hvq| †hgb-
Pvu` ‡Kv_vq cve hv`ygwY
gvwUi Pvu` bv, M‡o †è,
Mv‡Qi Pvu` bv, †c‡o †è,
†Zvi gZ Pvu` †Kv_vq cve|
ZyB †h Pvu‡ì wk‡ivgwY|
Ny‡gv †i Avgvi hv`ygwY|
(msM«n- iex›`«bv_ VvKyi)
GB QovwU‡Z Kwe wkï I Pvu` ‡K gyL¨ kã ‡i‡L‡Qb| Pvu‡ì c«wZ wkïgb mn‡R AvK…ó nq| gv
wkïg‡bi fv‡jvjvMvi my‡hvM wb‡q‡Qb| Pvu` wkïi wc«q, Zv‡K WvKv n‡‪Q Pvu` e‡j| G‡Z K‡i
gvZ…ü`‡qi ‡mœn c«KvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Avìv‡_© Ôhv`ygwYÕ m‡¤^vabI K‡i‡Qb wkï‡K|
GKwU K_v‡K ev‡iev‡i wewfbœfv‡e eënvi Kiv nq Qovi Mv‡b| Avi Zv evievi ïb‡Z ïb‡Z KLb ‡hb
AvZ¥¯ K‡i †d‡j wkïwU| wk‡L hvq Zvi c«‡qvMI| Gfv‡e Qovi gva¨‡g GK GKwU K_v I kã g‡b
†i‡L Zv c«‡qvM Kivi †Póv K‡i wkïiv| d‡j w`‡b w`‡b kw³kvjx nq Zv‡ì g‡b ivLvi ¶gZv|
Qov Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡ki bvbv `…k¨‡K Qwei g‡Zv Gu‡K †`q wkïg‡b| b`xi Rj †h Ujgj K‡i ev
b`x‡Z †b․Kv P‡j GBme Z_¨¸‡jv Avjv`v K‡i †kLv‡Z nq bv| Qovi g‡a¨ ïb‡Z ïb‡Z wkïg‡b
GKwU fveK‡íi m…wó nq| Qov mn‡RB `…pZi Ki‡Z cv‡i wkïi Kíbvkw³‡K| †hgb- †jR ‡Svjv
cvwL, ev ev`y‡oi we‡q‡Z PvgwPKvi evRbv evRv‡bv, AwZw_‡ì Avc¨vqb BZ¨vw`|
Qovi myi, Q›` I fvlv c«‡qv‡Mi g‡a¨ †h †gjeÜb i‡q‡Q Zv wkïg‡b †`vjv †`q| AvZ¥wek¦vm evov‡Z
mnvqZv K‡i, ZvB nvZZvwj w`‡q †b‡P †M‡q, A½fw½ ev Awfbq K‡i Qov AvIov‡Z wkï fvjev‡m|
ZvB wkï‡Zvl Qov iPbvi ‡¶‡Î wkïi gb¯ÍvwË¡K w`KwU mevi Av‡M ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| wkïg‡bi evmbv Dcjwä K‡i, Zv‡K wkïi gb‡Zvlgq fvlv ‣kjx‡Z Dc¯vcb Kiv QovKv‡ii
†g․j `vq|
wkï‡Zvl Qov wkïg‡bi Rb¨ Lye DcKvix| wkï‡Zvl KweZv wkï‡ì gvbwmK weKv‡ki Rb¨ LyeB
Kvh©Ki| GQvov gvbwmK †hvMv‡hvM I fvlvMZ `¶Zv e…w×‡ZI mvnvh¨ K‡i GwU| †QvÆ GKwU Qovi
gva¨‡g wkïi Kv‡Q †MvUv wek¦‡K Zy‡j aiv hvq| gv- evev hLb wkï‡K Qov Mvb ‡kvbvb, ZLb wkïi
m‡½ Zv‡ì GKwU Avjv`v m¤úK© ‣Zwi nq| wkïg‡b hw` †KvbI fq fxwZ RoZv ‡_‡K _v‡K ZLb
†mUv `~ixf~Z nq mn‡R|
Qov mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxbZg gva¨g| †KD †KD Avevi Qov evsjv mvwn‡Zï Avw` gva¨gI e‡j‡Qb|
85
Qov wkï g‡b Mfxi †iLvcvZ K‡i| mvwe©Kfv‡e Qovi ¸iæ‡Z¡i wel‡q †h welq¸‡jv wkïi weKv‡ki
†¶‡Î gyL¨ n‡q I‡V Zv n‡‪Q- Qov wkï‡K Avb›` †`q, ej‡Z Drmvnx K‡i, cÖwgZ D‪PviY-ixwZ
Abymi‡Y mnvqZv K‡i, wkïi g‡a¨ Q›`‡eva m…wó K‡i, Kíbv we¯Ív‡i mnvqZv K‡i, wkïi evK¨ †hvRbvq
Drmvnx K‡i †Zv‡j, m…Rbkxj n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i, bZyb bZyb kã wkL‡b mnvqZv K‡i, `…k¨gvb RM‡Zi
mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯vc‡b mnvqZv K‡i, wkï‡K †kvbv, ejv, covi c«wZ AvM«nx K‡i †Zv‡j, fvlv MVb I
AR©b Dfq ch©v‡qB Qov wkïi fvlv- `¶Zv weKv‡ki Ab¨Zg mnvqK Dcvq| GQvovI Qovi †`¨vZbv
wkï‡K m…Rbkxj n‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i| ZvB Qov mvwnZ¨‡K msi¶Y I PP©vi gva¨‡g AviI mg…× Ki‡Z
n‡e| hv‡Z K‡i AvMvgxw`‡bi wkï‡ì gvbwmK I m…Rbkxj weKv‡ki Rb¨ Qov AviI †ewk mnvqK n‡Z
cv‡i|
86
†lvj AvbvB wg‡Q
myKzgvi ivq
we‡`¨ †evSvB evey gkvB Pwo m‡Li †ev‡U,
gvwS‡i Kb, Òej‡Z cvwim m~wh© †Kb I‡V?
PuvÙv †Kb ev‡o K‡g? †Rvqvi †Kb Av‡m?Ó
e„× gvwS AevK n‡q d¨vjd¨vwj‡q nv‡m|
evey e‡jb, Òmviv Rxeb giwj‡i ZzB LvwU,
Ávb webv †Zvi RxebUv †h Pvwi AvbvB gvwU|Ó
LvwbK ev‡` K‡nb evey, Òej‡Zv †`wL †f‡e

b`xi aviv †Kgb Av‡m cvnvo †_‡K †b‡e?
ej‡Zv †Kb jeY †cviv mvMi fiv cvwb?Ó
gvwS †m Kq, ÒAv‡i gkvB AZ wK Avi Rvwb?Ó
evey e‡jb, ÒGB eq‡m Rvwbm‡bI Zv wK
RxebUv †Zvi †bnvr †L‡jv, Aó AvbvB duvwK!Ó
Avevi †f‡e K‡nb evey, Òej‡Zv I‡i ey‡ov,

†Kb Ggb bxj †`Lv hvq AvKv‡ki H P~‡ov?
ej‡Zv †`wL m~h© Puv‡` MÖnY jv‡M †Kb?Ó
e„× e‡j, ÒAvgvq †Kb j¾v †`‡Qb †nb?Ó
evey e‡jb, Òeje wK Avi eje †Zv‡i wK Zv,
†`LwQ GLb RxebUv †Zvi ev‡iv AvbvB e„_v|Ó
LvwbK ev‡` So D‡V‡Q, †XD D‡V‡Q dz‡j,

evey †`‡Lb, †b․KvLvwb Wze‡jv eywS `y‡j!
gvwS‡i Kb, ÒGwK Avc`! I‡i I fvB gvwS,
Wze‡jv bvwK †b․Kv Gevi? gie bvwK AvwR?Ó
gvwS ïavq, ÒmuvZvi Rv‡bv?Ó- gv_v bv‡ob evey,
g~L© gvwS e‡j, ÒgkvB, GLb †Kb Kvey?
euvP‡j †k‡l Avgvi K_v wn‡me K‡iv wc‡Q,
†Zvgvi †`wL Rxeb Lvbv †lvj AvbvB wg‡Q|
87
Kwe cwiwPwZ
1887 wLª÷v‡ãi 30 A‡±vei KjKvZvq myKzgvi iv‡qi Rb¥| wcZv D‡c›`ªwK‡kvi ivq †P․ayix I gvZv
weaygyLx †èx| wZwb cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶v cvm K‡ib KjKvZv wmwU K‡jR †_‡K Ges †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR
†_‡K c`v_©weÁv‡b m¤§vb wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| GB mg‡q cÖwZwôZ nq Zuvi weL¨vZ bb‡mÝ
(Av‡evjZv‡evj) K¬ve| wZwb 1911 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖ`Ë Ô¸iæcÖmbœ †NvlÕ ¯‥jviwkc jvf
K‡i d‡UvMÖvwd I wcÖw›Us †UK‡bvjwR‡Z D‪Pwk¶vi Rb¨ Bsj¨vÛ hvÎv K‡ib| †mLv‡b jÛ‡bi ¯‥zj Ae
d‡Uv Gb‡MÖwfs A¨vÛ wj‡_vMÖvwd‡Z fwZ© nb| c‡ii eQi wZwb we‡kl QvÎ wn‡m‡e g¨v‡Â÷vi ¯‥zj Ae
†UK‡bvjwR‡Z †hvM †`b| GB mgq weL¨vZ †Kv‡q÷ cwÎKvq Ô`¨ w¯úwiU Ae iex›`ªbv_Õ bv‡g GKwU
cÖeÜ wj‡L wZwb we‡kl L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| wcZv D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii m¤úv`bvq gvwmK m‡›`k cwÎKvi
cÖKvkbv ïiæ nq 1913 mv‡ji †g gv‡m| cÖ_g fviZxq wn‡m‡e GdAviwcGm jvf K‡i myKzgvi ivq
KjKvZvq wd‡i G‡m wcZvi ÔBD ivq A¨vÛ mÝÕ-G †hvM †`b| GB mgq Zuvi m‡½ we‡q nq kÖxgZx
mycÖfv ¸‡ßi| wek¦wekÖæZ mZ¨wRr ivq Zuv‡ì cyÎ| 1914 mv‡j myKzgvi iv‡qi †h †jLvwU m‡›`k
cwÎKv‡Z cÖKvwkZ nq Zvi bvg ÔwLPzwoÕ| Gici KvVey‡ov, QvqvevwR, †MuvdPzwi, weÁvb wk¶v, Ly‡ovi
Kj cÖf…wZ cÖKvwkZ nq|
1915 mv‡j wcZv D‡c›`ªwK‡kv‡ii g„Zz¨ n‡j m‡›`k cwÎKvi m¤úv`bvi fvi eZ©vq myKzgvi iv‡qi Ici|
1915 †_‡K 1923 mvj ch©šÍ AvU eQi wZwb GB cwÎKvwU m¤úv`bv K‡i wkïmvwn‡Zï †¶‡Î GK bZzb
w`MšÍ D‡b¥vPb K‡ib| GKB m‡½ Ômvb&‡W K¬veÕ bv‡gI GKwU mvwnZ¨mfvi cÖwZôv Ges cwiPvjbvi
Kv‡R wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡ib| †ivMkh¨v‡Z Kv‡U Zuvi †kl AvovB eQi| †mB Ae¯vq wZwb A‡bK
†jLv Ges Qwe AuvKvi KvR †kl K‡ib, †h¸‡jv‡K wbwØ©avq Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kÖô m„wó e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|
g~jfve
myKzgvi iv‡qi GB KweZvq †`Lv hvq GKRb we‡`¨ †evSvB evey gkvB †b․Kvq P‡o e‡mb| †mLv‡b
gvwSi mv‡_ Zvi K‡_vcK_b nq| g~jZ gvwS I Zvi K‡_vcK_b‡K †K›`ª K‡i GB KweZv ev Qov|
evey gkvB GKRb •eÁvwbK hyw³ev`x gvbyl| m~h© †Kb I‡V, †Rvqvi †Kb Av‡m, mvM‡ii cvwb‡Z jeY
†Kb, AvKvk bxj †`Lvq †Kb, m~h©-Puv‡` MÖnY jvMvi KviY BZ¨vKvi KwVb Ávb wZwb Avq‡Z¡ G‡b‡Qb|
Z‡e gnvwe‡k¦i mgMÖ ÁvbivwRi g‡a¨ hyw³ev` ev •eÁvwbK Ávb GKUv Ask| evey gkvB GB welqwU
gv_vq ivL‡Z cv‡ib wb| wZwb Zvi •eÁvwbK Ávb ev hyw³ev‡ì Ávb‡KB m‡e©vrK…ó g‡b K‡ib| gvwS
GKRb AwkwÿwZ †jvK e‡j •eÁvwbK Ávb Zvi Aí| evey gkvB †mUv †R‡bI gvwS‡K cÖkœ K‡i weeªZ
K‡ib| GL‡b •eÁvwbK Ávbhy³ evey gkvB‡qi wbPy gvbwmKZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| wZwb Zvi AwR©Z
Áv‡bi AnsKv‡i AÜ n‡q, gvwSi AwR©Z Ávb‡K Zvw‪Qj¨ K‡i cÖkœ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GK ch©v‡q gvwS‡K
gyL© e‡jb| Ges e‡jb Zvi Rxeb ev‡iv AvbvB wg‡Q|
Gici So I‡V| †b․Kv `yj‡Z _v‡K evey gkvB fxZ nb| gvwS ZLb evey gkvB‡K wR‡Ám K‡ib †h,
wZwb muvZvi Rv‡bb wK bv| wZwb bv m~PK DËi †`b| ZLb gvwS cÖwZ‡kvag~jKfv‡e evey gkvB‡qi Rxeb
†h †lv‡jv AvbvB gvwU ZvI e‡j| gvwSi GB Dw³ evey gkvB‡qi cÖwZ †jL‡KiB Dw³| †jLK Gi
gva¨‡g †Pv‡L Av½yj w`‡q eywS‡q w`‡q‡Qb †h, •eÁvwbK Ávb Zuvi Rxeb‡K c~Y©Zv w`‡Z cv‡iwb| myKzgvi
ivq GLv‡b •eÁvwbK Ávb, hyw³ev`B †h mKj Áv‡bi g~jgš¿ bq †mw`‡K Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb|
88
`~‡ii cvjøv
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë
wQc&Lvb& wZb-ùvo
wZbRb gvjøv
†P․ci w`b&-fi
`¨vq `~i-cvjøv|
cvogq †SvcSvo
R½j-RÄvj,
Rjgq •kevj
cvbœvi UuvKkvj|
KwÂi Zxi-Ni
H Pi RvM‡Q,
eb-nuvm wWg Zvi
k¨vIjvq XvK&‡Q|
Pzc PzcÑIB Wye
`¨vq cvb‡K․wU,
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†Nvg&Uvi eDwU|
SK&SK Kjmxi
eKeK †kvb& †Mv,
†NvgUvq duvK iq
gb Db¥b& †Mv|
wZbùvo wQcLvb&
gši hv‡‪Q,
wZb Rb gvjø vq
89
†Kvb& Mvb Mv‡‪Q?
i~ckvwj avb eywS
GB †`‡k m„wó,
a~cQvqv hvi kvwo
Zvi nvwm wgwó|
Kwe cwiwPwZ
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë 1882 wLª÷v‡ãi 11 KjKvZvi KvQvKvwQ wbgZv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ ÔQ‡›ì Rv`yKiÕ wn‡m‡e L¨vZ| bvbv Q‡›` wZwb KweZv wj‡L‡Qb Ges evsjv I we‡`wk bvbv Q›`
wb‡q cÖPzi cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i‡Qb, bZzb bZzb Q›` Avwe®‥vi K‡i‡Qb|
Kve¨mvabvi †ÿ‡Î wZwb wQ‡jb iex›`ªf³ I iex›`ª-Abymvix Kwe| wKš‧ KweZvi Q‡›` •ewPÎ¨ G‡b wZwb
evsjv Kv‡e¨ c„_K ¯vb K‡i †bb| wZwb Aviwe, dviwm, Bs‡iwRmn A‡bK¸‡jv fvlv Rvb‡Zb| evsjv
fvlvq wZwb cÖPzi Abyev` iPbv K‡ib| Zx_©mwjj I Zx_©‡eYy MÖš `ywU Zuvi Ab~w`Z KweZvi msKjb|
wZwb †KviAv‡bi evYx‡K evsjv KweZvq i~c w`‡q K‡qKwU KweZv iPbv K‡i‡Qb| mweZv, mwÜÿY, †eYy
I exYv, †nvgwkLv, dz‡ji dmj, Kzû I †KKv, Zzwji wjLb, gwYgÄylv, Aå Avwei, we`vq AviwZ BZ¨vw`
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš|
Dcb¨vm, Mí, bvUK Ges cÖeÜ iPbv I Abyev` Ki‡jI m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë Kwe wn‡m‡eB mycwiwPZ| Zuvi
cÖvq 16wU Kve¨MÖš i‡q‡Q| wkï I wK‡kvi‡ì Rb¨ †jLv Zuvi KweZv¸‡jv wkï KweZv bv‡g GKwU
Kve¨MÖ‡š msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| 1922 wLª÷v‡ãi gvÎ Pwjkø eQi eq‡m m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë ci‡jvKMgb
K‡ib|
g~jfve
†b․Kvq wZbwU ùvo wb‡q wZbRb gvwS w`‡bi Pvi cÖn‡iB `~i cvjøvq hv‡‪Q| Zv‡ì †b․Kvi MwZ AwZ
`ªæZ| Pjvi c‡_ gvwSiv b`xi `yB Zx‡ii †SvcSvo, R½j cvi n‡q hv‡‪Q| cvwb‡Z •kevj‡K meyR
cvbœvi UuvKkv‡ji g‡Zv jvM‡Q| gvwSiv †h‡Z †h‡Z AviI †`L‡Q ey‡bv nuvm Zvi wWg wKfv‡e k¨vIjv
w`‡q XvK‡Q| cvb‡K․wo Ges †NvgUv civ eD Uzc&Uzc& K‡i cvwb‡Z Wye w`‡‪Q| `yR‡bi cvwb‡Z Wye
†Ìqvi g‡a¨ wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡‪Q| Muv‡qi ea~i Kjwm‡Z cvwb fivi AvIqvR n‡‪Q| †NvgUvi duv‡K
eDwUi gb Db¥bv n‡q Av‡Q| Ae‡k‡l †b․Kvi gvwSiv Zv‡ì MwZ axi K‡i Ges Mvb a‡i| Zviv
evsjv‡`‡ki i~ckvwj avb Ges a~cQvqv kvwo cwiwnZ wgwó nvwmi evsjvi bvixi ¯‧wZ MvB‡Q my‡i my‡i|
90
fveiƒc I wkíiƒc
iex›`ª-†¯œn‪Qvqvq †hme Kwe Kve¨m„wó‡Z we‡kl mvdj¨ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë| wcZvgn AÿqKzgvi `‡Ëi weÁvb`„wó I Z_¨wbôv wZwb DËivwaKvi wn‡m‡e †c‡qwQ‡jb
e‡j Kve¨fvebvq Zvi cÖfve c‡o| Zuvi KweZvi welq‣ewP‡Îï g‡a¨ e¯‧Áv‡bi cÖKvk jÿ Kiv hvq|
BwZnvm‡eva, ¯^‡`kwPšÍv, cÖvZ¨wnK RxebvPiY I fvlvweÁvbÑme©‡ÿ‡Î Zuvi Kve¨fvebvi wePiY wQj
eÜbnxb| wZwb wQ‡jb Áv‡bi mvaK I mgvR-m‡PZb e¨w³| G Kvi‡Y Zuvi Kv‡e¨ weÁvbvbyivM,
HwZn¨cÖxwZ, Av_©mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK wek„‫‫‬Ljv I AbvPv‡ii wewPÎ welq ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| gvbeZv‡eva I ¯^‡`k‡cÖg Zuvi KweZvi g‡nvËg Dcv`vb e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| GB ¯^Zš¿
Rxeb‡eva m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë‡K iex›`ªej‡qi Kwe‡ì †_‡K c„_K gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q Ges Zuvi e¯‧‡PZbv
I BwZnvm‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y iex‡›`ªvËi Kweiv Zuvi Kve¨fvebvi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡qwQ‡jb|
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë‡K ÔQ‡›ì ivRvÕ I ÔQ‡›ì Rv`yKiÕ e‡j ¯^qs iex›`ªbv_ cÖksmv K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv Kv‡e¨
Q‡›ì •ewPÎ¨ Avbq‡b wZwb ms¯‥…Z I bvbv fvlvi KweZv †_‡K Abyev‡` wbijm cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i
†M‡Qb| Aviwe, dviwm I †jvKR k‡ãi AK…cY eënv‡i wZwb evsjv KweZvi bZzb Kve¨fvlv wbg©vY
Ges evsjv fvlvi kãfvÐvi‡K mg„× K‡i‡Qb| evKPvZzh© I ev‣M¦`‡»¨ Zuvi KweZv wPÎi~cgq, Q‡›ì
†`vjvq K¤úgvb I MwZkxj| Zuvi Ô`~‡ii cvjøvÕ, ÔcvjwKi MvbÕ I Ab¨vb¨ AmsL¨ KweZv †hb
MÖvgevsjvi Rxeb I cÖK…wZi RxešÍ Pjw‪PÎ cÖ`k©bxi †gjv| Ô`~‡ii cvjøvÕ KweZvwU‡K ¯îe„Ë Q‡›ì
•ewkó¨ Abymv‡i e×vÿi Ges gy³vÿi‡K GK gvÎv wn‡m‡e cov P‡j| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, m‡Z¨›`ªbv_
`Ë m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e iex›`ªej‡qi Kwe, Z‡e iex›`ª-AbyKvix bb, gy³eyw× I ïfeyw×i PP©vq wZwb ¯^Zš¿
Ges wZwi‡kvËi Kwe‡ì c~e©m~wi|
91
Aa¨vq 5
KweZv
KweZv Kx ?
KweZvi Av‡jvPbvq AMªmi nIqvi c~‡e© KweZvi ¯î~c Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb; Z‡e, KweZv Avm‡j Kx Ges
Kxfv‡e KweZv Kwei ü`‡q Rb¥jvf K‡i Zvi me©Rbgvb¨ msÁv †bB| A‡b‡KB A‡bK iKgfv‡e
KweZvi Rb¥inm¨ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e G mZ¨ Ab¯^xKvh© †h, KwewP‡Ë †h fveweayi Av‡eM •Zwi nq,
KweZv †mB Av‡e‡Mi imvq‡b m„ó Avb›`-†e`bvi dmj| ZvB ejv n‡q _v‡K, ÔKwei †e`bvwe× ü`qB
KweZvi Rb¥f~wgÕ| AvZ¥MZ fve-wenejZv KweZv bq, eis ewnR©M‡Zi i~c-im-MÜ-¯úk©, e¯‧RMr I
g‡bvRM‡Zi mw¤§j‡b hLb Kwegb Av‡›`vwjZ nq, ZLb †m Av‡eM‡K Kwe Zuvi Abyf~wZ-w¯œ» Kíbvq
Abb¨ Aeqe `vb K‡i KweZv m„wó K‡ib| A_©vr fvebv‡K h_v_© kãgvjv w`‡q Kwe Q›ì~‡c aviY
K‡ib| ZvB †Kvj&wiR& KweZvi msÁv w`‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb: Best words in best order-B KweZv|
GK_v wVK †h, Aweb¨¯Í k‡ãi mgvnv‡i KweZv nq bv| eis Acwinvh© k‡ãi myweb¨v‡m Kwefvebv hLb
imvZ¥K, wPÎi~cgq I MwZgq nq ZLb Kve¨ nq| myZivs immg„× evK¨B Kve¨| iex›`ªbv_ e‡jb :
AšÍi n‡Z Avnwi ePb,
Avb›`‡jvK Kwi weiPb
MxZimaviv Kwi wmÂb
msmvi-a~wjRv‡j|
KweZvi Av‡jvPbvq †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi e‡jb, Kve¨j²xi mv‡_ AvZ¥vi iwZmyLm‡¤¢vMKv‡j im-g~w‪Q©Z
gvb‡ei Ôwè¨fveweayi fvlÕ KweZv bq, eis e¯‧RM‡Zi a~wjgwjb Rxe‡bi myL`ytL nvwmKvbœv Avb›`-
†e`bv Kwei gbi‡m RvwiZ n‡q hLb AmvaviY I Abb¨ kixix i~c cvq ZLb Zv KweZv n‡q I‡V|
Kv‡eï G i~cgqZv e¯‧Z a¨vbgMœ Kwe-AvZ¥viB mZ¨ I my›`‡ii cÖKvk| KweZvi ¯îƒc we‡køl‡Y g¨v_y
Avb©ì Gi e³eÏ AbyiƒcÑ‘poetry is emotion recollected in tranquility’, Z‡e Av‡eM ev
Aa¨vm AvKvk-Kzmyg Kíbv bq, G Av‡eM e¯‧mÄvZ I KwewPË Øviv RvwiZ fvemZ¨|
G iKg msÁv, cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB wewfbœ wPšÍvwe`, †hgbÑA¨vwi÷Uj, jwObym ev †nv‡im wKsev cÖgyL
Zuv‡ì Kve¨Z‡Ë¡ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| cieZ©x‡ZI AMwYZ weØ¾b KweZvi bvbv ai‡bi msÁv w`‡q‡Qb|
Z‡e G mZ¨ cÖvq mK‡jB ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb, A_©, kã, Q‡›`ve× AwfÁZvi Av‡ewMK cÖKvk ev
†PZbvcÖev‡ni RvMiYB KweZv| Zey ejv fv‡jv †h, KweZvi Avm‡j †Kv‡bv me©Rbwm× msÁv †Ìqv
hvq bv| wewPÎ avivi Kwee„›` Ggb eûi~cx KweZv iPbv K‡i‡Qb, †hgbÑ†nvgv‡ii IwWwm, Rb wgë‡bi
c¨vivWvBm j÷, `v‡šÍi wWfvBb K‡gwW, †M¨‡Ui dvD÷, †Kvj&wi‡Ri Kzejv Lvb, Rb wKU‡mi IW Ab
G †MÖwmqvb Avb©, iex›`ªbv‡_i MxZvÄwj, Rxebvb›` `v‡ki i~cmx evsjvÑKv‡iv m‡½ KvD‡K GKm~‡Î
MÖw_Z Kiv hvq bv| Zey ewY©Z me¸‡jv wek¦mvwn‡Zï †kÖôZg Kve¨ e‡j cwiMwYZ n‡q Avm‡Q| myZivs
ejv hvqÑKweZv eû iK‡gi, KweZv‡K msÁv w`‡q e¨vL¨v Kiv e„_vkÖg gvÎ; eis KweZv Ecjwäi I
AvZ¥vi †evwae„ÿ, †hLv‡b `y`Ð kvwšÍ †g‡j| G kvwšÍ †Kej wb‡Ri Avb›`-†e`bvi Rb¨ bq, mgvR I
gvby‡li wbKU ¯^xq `vqe×Zvi RbÏ e‡U|
92
KweZvi †kÖwY
KweZv A‡bK iK‡gi| im I i~cZ‡Ë¡i wePv‡i KweZvi †kÖwYKiY Kiv nq:
K) e¯‧wbô KweZv: Mv_vKvwnwb, gnvKve¨, i~cK-e¨½-MxwZKve¨, MxwZbvU¨ BZ¨vw`| gvB‡Kj gaym~`b
`Ë, †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, bexbP›`ª †mb, Kvq‡Kvev` Ges BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx iwPZ
gnvKve¨mg~n, g½jKve¨ Ges wewfbœ cÖY‡qvcvL¨vb BZ¨vw` GB RvZxq Kv‡eï DrK…ó `„óvšÍ|
L) MxwZ KweZv: fw³g~jK, ¯^‡`k‡cÖgg~jK, †cÖg I cÖK…wZg~jK KweZv| m‡bU, †¯ÍvÎ, †kvKMxwZ,
evsjv •eòe KweZv G †Mv‡Îi KweZv| ga¨hy‡Mi •eòe c`vejx, wenvixjvj PµeZ©xi mv‡ai Avmb,
mvi`vg½j, gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi m‡bU, PZz`©kc`x KweZv BZ¨vw` G ch©v‡qi KweZv|
KweZv cvV I KweZv wjLb
KweZv †jLv I Kwe¸Y m¤ú‡K© Rxebvb›` `vk e‡j‡Qb, A‡b‡K KweZv †j‡Lb, Z‡e ÔmK‡jB Kwe bb,
†KD †KE Kwe|Õ G ev‡Kï AšÍM©~p Zvrch© n‡‪Q, KweZv †jLv mnR KvR bq| GRb¨ m„Rbx cÖwZfvi
m‡½ cÖ‡qvRb GKwbô PP©v| Z‡e G mZ¨ A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv †h, †Kej cÖwZfv I †Kej PP©v †Kv‡bv
e¨w³we‡kl‡K KweL¨vwZ G‡b w`‡Z cv‡i bv| G Kvi‡Y wkÿv_©x‡ì cVb-`ÿZv e„w×i m‡½ wjLb-
`ÿZv e„w×iI Abykxjb Kiv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| wkÿv_©x‡ì Aweivg KweZvcv‡Vi m‡½ Kve¨fvlv, KweZvi
Q›` I KweZv kÖ‪ZwjLb BZ¨vw` wbišÍi PP©vi Aax‡b ivL‡j Zviv KweZvi cVb, Ave„wË Ges Q›` I
Dcgv eënv‡i `ÿ n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| wkÿK cÖwkÿ‡Y G KvRwU AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq| G‡Z
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì Kíbv I fvebv‡K wjL‡b i~c`v‡bi mÿgZv e„w× cvq| KweZvi fve-fvlv-cÖKiY wel‡q
Ávb jvf K‡i Ges †kÖwY-wkÿ‡Y Zv m„Rbkxjfv‡e wkky‡ì Rb¨ eënvi K‡i Zv‡ì fvlv-`ÿZv e„w×
Kiv hvq|
evsjv KweZvi i‡q‡Q GK mg„× HwZn¨| Ph©vc` †_‡K eo‬ PÐx`vm, •eòe c`vejx †_‡K wenvixjvj,
Ck¦i ¸ß †_‡K m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë, bRi‪j Bmjvg, Rxebvb›` `vk †_‡K kvgmyi ivngvb ch©šÍ Avgv‡ì
i‡q‡Q `xN© HwZn¨| nvRvi eQ‡ii GB HwZ‡nï ga¨gwY n‡‪Qb iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| GB `xN© BwZnv‡mi
GKwU mswÿßZi i~c‡iLv wb‡P cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv|
nvRvi eQ‡ii evsjv KweZvi i~c‡iLv

evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm cÖvPxb, ga¨ Ges AvaywbKÑGB wZb hy‡M wef³| cÖvPxb I ga¨ hy‡Mi meUv
Ry‡oB n‡q‡Q KweZvi PP©v| M`¨ ej‡Z hv eywS Zv AvaywbK hy‡Mi dmj| cÖvPxb I ga¨ hy‡M evsjv
M‡`ï †h wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡Q Zv mvwnZ¨g~‡j¨ bMY¨| wKš‧ AvaywbK hy‡M evsjv M‡`ï D™¢‡ei m‡½
†hgb Gi mg„w× N‡U‡Q, †Zgwb AvaywbK evsjv KweZviI eûgvwÎK weKvk mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| G wbe‡Ü
evsjv KweZvi fveMZ I KvjMZ mswÿßZi i~c‡iLv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| evsjv KweZvi cÖvPxbZg wb`k©b
Ph©vc` mßg †_‡K Øv`k kZvãxi mgq cwim‡i †e․× mvaK I Zvwš¿KMY iPbv K‡ib| G¸‡jv
†e․×‡ì ag©msMxZ n‡jI Ph©vc‡` ZrKvjxb mvaviY (mg‡q mg‡q nxb AšÍ¨R) evOvwji cÖwZw`‡bi
a~wjgwjb RxebwPÎ, myL`ytL, nvwmKvbœvi UzK‡iv UzK‡iv †iLvwPÎ RxešÍ n‡q D‡V‡Q| ÔfvlvZË¡,
mgvRZË¡, `vk©wbKZv Ges Avw`g evsjv mvwn‡Zï mv_©K `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡eÕ (kÖx AwmZKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq :
c„. 23) Ph©vc` hy‡MvËi gwngvq wU‡K Av‡Q| cÖvPxb I ga¨hy‡Mi Ab¨vb¨ †hme KweZvi HwZnvwmK
g~j¨ i‡q‡Q, Zvi g‡a¨ kÖxK…òKxZ©b, gbmvg½j, Abœ`vg½j, PÐxg½j, •eòe c`vejx, bv_ mvwnZ¨,
93
gymwjg Kwe‡ì iwPZ Kve¨-KweZv, evDj Mvb BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| evsjv KweZvi nvRvi eQ‡ii G
mg„× fvÐvi evOvwj RvwZi †M․i‡ei ab n‡jI my`xN©Kvj a‡i evsjv KweZv cyivZ‡bi cybive„wË‡Z I
ag©cÖm‡½i MZvbyMwZKZvq cÖvYnxb n‡q c‡o| evsjv KweZvi KvjvšÍi N‡U Dwbk kZ‡Ki ga¨ch©vq
†_‡K i½jvj e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1827-1886), gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë (1824-1873), †ngP›`ª
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1838-1903), bexbP›`ª †mb (1847-1909) Ges Kvq‡Kvev‡ì (1858-1952)
Kve¨mvabvq| GKv‡ji †kÖô Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë|
gvB‡Kj gaym~`‡bi cÖwZfv¸‡Y cÖvPxb I ga¨ hy‡Mi KweZvi MZvbyMwZK fveKíbv I i~cixwZ wQbœ K‡i
G mgq welq I cÖKi‡Y GK bZzb KweZv Rb¥jvf K‡i| G Kvi‡Y evsjv KweZvi behy‡Mi AMÖ`~Z e‡j
gnvKwe gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë‡K MY¨ Kiv nq| wZwb evsjvi be‡PZbvi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa, evsjv
mvwn‡Zï AmvaviY cÖwZfvai Kwe I AvaywbK bvU‡Ki iPwqZv wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cªwZôv jvf K‡ib| evsjv
mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K gnvKve¨ †gNbvèa-Gi iPwqZvI wZwb| cqvi †f‡O AwgÎvÿi Q›` cÖeZ©b K‡i
evsjv KweZvq wZwb •ecøweK cwieZ©b G‡bwQ‡jb| wZwbB cÖ_g mv_©K AvaywbK evsjv bvUK, Uªv‡RwW,
cÖnmb I m‡bU iPbv K‡ib| gaym~`‡bi mvabvq evsjv Kve¨mvwnZ¨ KvjRqx gvÎv cvq| Rxeb‡PZbvq
bexbZv, wÎ‡jvKcÖmvix fveKíbv, fvlvi Avg~j ms¯‥vi I bZzb kw³i Avwe®‥vi ga¨hyMxq mvgvb¨Zv
†_‡K evsjv Kve¨‡K gy³ K‡i wZwb AvaywbK wek¦mvwn‡Zï wmsnØv‡i †cu․‡Q †`b (†ÿÎ ¸ß : c„. 11-
25)| G Kvi‡Y gaym~`b‡K hyMÜi Kwe ejv nq|
c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k †hfv‡e cÖvPxb I ga¨ hy‡Mi Aemvb N‡U Ges AvaywbK hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq, evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ †ZgbwU nqwb| mvgšÍZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi Ae‡k‡li Ici cuywRZvwš¿K weKv‡ki nvZ a‡i
AvaywbK mf¨Zvi wewbg©vY m¤¢e nq| evsjv‡`‡k Zv nqwb e‡j Avav mvgšÍZvwš¿K I Avav Jcwb‡ewkK
AmgweKwkZ cwi‡e‡k gvB‡K‡ji g‡Zv KvjRqx cÖwZfvi c‡ÿI cvðvZ¨ abZvwš¿K mf¨Zvi hyw³ev`,
gvbeZvev`, e¨w³¯^vZš¿ëv`, aª~c` mvwn‡Zï I HwZ‡nï beg~j¨vqb, ¯^‡`k‡eva BZ¨vw` beRvM„wZi
g~jgš¿¸‡jv Abyaveb Kiv me©vs‡k m¤¢eci nqwb| †mB mg‡qi Ab¨vb¨ Kwe mgmvgwqK BwZnv‡mi
Kvj‡PZbv gvB‡K‡ji g‡Zv AvZ¥¯ Ki‡Z mÿg nbwb| djZ gvB‡Kj m„ó gnvKvwe¨K ev exihyMwU
mgmvgwqK Kwe‡ì nv‡Z GKwU K…wÎg K¬vwmK hyM n‡q †_‡K †Mj| Acic‡ÿ cÖvPxb hy‡Mi †kl
DËivwaKvix Ck¦i ¸‡ßi (1812-1859) `yg©i cÖfve mgKvjxb A‡bK Kwe‡K cðvÙyLx K‡i iv‡L|
Ck¦i ¸‡ßi cÖfve m‡Ë¡I, Ô†fv‡ii cvwLÕ wenvixjv‡ji K‡É aŸwbZ nq MxwZKweZvi myijnix| bexbP›`ª
†mbI wKQzUv e¨wZµgx| Zey GB wewPÎgyLx Kwe‡ì nvZ a‡iB AvaywbK evsjv KweZv weewZ©Z n‡qwQj
Ges GKwU †mwg-K¬vwmK¨vj Aeqe aviY K‡iwQj| myZivs G mgq‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e evsjv KweZvi
AvaywbK hyM ejv mgxPxb bq, eis AvaywbK evsjv KweZvi m~Pbvce© ejv m½Z (Zvivc` gy‡Lvcva¨vq :
c„. 3-7)|
wenvixjvj PµeZ©x‡K (1835-1894) evsjv MxwZKweZvi RbK ejv nq| Zey evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
wenvixjvj mv_©K KweL¨vwZ‡Z ¯§iYxq bb; bZzb my‡ii cÖeZ©K wn‡m‡eB bw›`Z (Zvivc` gy‡Lvcva¨vq :
c„. 3-7)| wenvixjv‡ji nv‡Z e¨w³ü`‡qi nvnvKviwgwkªZ MxwZKweZvi c~e©vfvm jwÿZ n‡jI Gi
c~Y©i~c `k©b m¤¢e nq weijcÖwZfv iex›`ªbv‡_|
94
wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1861-1941) gvÎ evi eQi eqm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avwk eQi eqm ch©šÍ
Aweij avivq KweZv, Mí, msMxZ, bvUK, Dcb¨vm Ges Abe`¨ M`¨ iPbv K‡i †M‡Qb| cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î
wZwb dwj‡q‡Qb †mvbvi dmj, Avi Zv‡Z f‡i †M‡Q Zuvi †mvbvi Zix| cÖvYkw³i cÖvPyh©, Av‡e‡Mi
MfxiZv I †ivgvw›UKZvi Awfmvi, Bw›`ªqRM‡Zi mv‡_ Bw›`ªqvZx‡Zi wgjb, mxgv I Amx‡gi Ø›Ø-
mgš^q, L‡Ði m‡½ c~‡Y©i wgjbµxov iex›`ªbv_ e¨ZxZ GKK Kv‡j †Kv‡bv Kwei g‡a¨ †`Lv hvqwb|
wek¦mvwn‡Zï †Kv‡bv KwecÖwZfvi m‡½I Zuvi Zzjbv nq bv| †M¨‡U, †nvgvi, `v‡šÍ, iex›`ªbv_ÑGuiv †KD
Kv‡iv m‡½ Zzjbxq bb| m„wókxjZvi eûgwyLZvi cÖ‡kœ †M¨‡Ui m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i GK ai‡bi Zyjbv P‡j|
†M¨‡UI gyL¨Z mvwnwZ¨K Ges Zuvi cÖwZfv iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡ZvB wewPÎgyLxÑM`¨ Ges c`¨ Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB
wZwb wm×n¯Í; Rvg©vb mvwn‡Zï Ggb †Kv‡bv wefvM ev kvLv cÖkvLv †bB, hvi Dci Zuvi cÖwZfv Avcb
¯^vÿi iv‡Lwb| iex›`ªbv‡_i wekvj wkífyeb‡K 1. Kve¨-KweZv, 2.bvUK, Kve¨bvUK I bvU¨Kve¨,
3.Dcb¨vm I †QvUMí, 4. cÖeÜ-wbeÜ kxl©K avivq †kÖwYKiY Kiv hvq| Avevi welq, fvee¯‧ I
cÖKi‡Yi wbwi‡L G‡KKwU †kÖwY‡K bvbvfv‡e fvM Kiv hvq, †hgb : bvU‡Ki K_v hw` fvev nq Zvn‡j
K. Kve¨bvU¨ I bvU¨Kve¨, L. wbqgvbyM bvUK, M. i½bvU¨, N. i~cK I mvs‡KwZK ZË¡bvUK BZ¨vw`
fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| KweZv, Dcb¨vm, †QvUMí Ges cÖeÜ-wbe‡Üi welq I fveMZ w`K wePvi Ki‡j
GiI •ewP‡Îï mxgv cvVK‡K AevK Ki‡e| Z‡e iex›`ªbv_ g~jZ Kwe| Kve¨cÖwZfvi Ggb me©ÎmÂvix
cÖwZfv we‡k¦ GKvšÍ weij|
iex›`ª-†mœn‪Qvqvq †hme Kwe Kve¨m„wó‡Z we‡kl mvdj¨ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë (1882-1922)| wcZvgn AÿqKzgvi `‡Ëi weÁvb`„wó I Z_¨wbôv wZwb DËivwaKvi
wn‡m‡e †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Kve¨fvebvq Zvi cÖfve c‡o‡Q| Zuvi KweZvi welq‣ewP‡Îï g‡a¨ Zuvi
e¯‧Áv‡bi cÖKvk jÿ Kiv hvq| BwZnvm‡eva, ¯^‡`kwPšÍv, cÖvZ¨wnK RxebvPiY I fvlvweÁvb-me©‡ÿ‡Î
Zuvi Kve¨fvebvi wePiY wQj eÜbnxb| wZwb wQ‡jb Áv‡bi mvaK I mgvRm‡PZb e¨w³| G Kvi‡Y
Zuvi Kv‡e¨ weÁvbvbyivM, HwZn¨cÖxwZ, Av_©mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK wek„‫‫‬Ljv I AbvPv‡ii wewPÎ welq
¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| gvbeZv‡eva I ¯^‡`k‡cÖg Zuvi KweZvi g‡nvËg Dcv`vb e‡j MY¨ Kiv
nq| GB ¯^Zš¿ Rxeb‡eva m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë‡K iex›`ªej‡qi Kwe‡ì †_‡K c„_K gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i Ges
Zuvi e¯‧‡PZbv I BwZnvm‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y iex‡›`ªvËi Kwe‡ì Zuvi Kve¨fvebvi cÖwZ AvK…ó K‡i|
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë‡K Q‡›ì ivRv I Q‡›ì Rv`yKi e‡j ¯^qs iex›`ªbv_ cÖksmv K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv Kv‡e¨
Q‡›ì •ewPÎ¨ Avbq‡b wZwb wbijm cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i‡Qb| ms¯‥…Z, Aviwe, dviwm I †jvKR k‡ãi
AK…cY eënv‡i wZwb evsjv KweZvi bZzb Kve¨fvlv wbg©vY I evsjv fvlvi kãfvÐvi‡K mg„× K‡i‡Qb|
evK&PvZzh© I evK‣e`‡»¨ Zuvi KweZv wPÎi~cgq, Q‡›ì †`vjvq K¤úgvb I MwZkxj| Zuvi Ô`~‡ii cvjøvÕ,
ÔcvjwKi MvbÕ I Ab¨vb¨ AmsL¨ KweZvq MÖvgevsjvi Rxeb I cÖK…wZi RxešÍ Qwe g~Z© n‡q D‡V‡Q|
myZivs ejv hvq, m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e iex›`ªej‡qi Kwe, Z‡e iex›`ª-AbyKvix bb, gy³eyw×
I ïfeyw×i PP©vq wZwb ¯^Zš¿ Ges †ÿÎwe‡k‡l wZwi‡kvËi Kwe‡ì c~e©m~wi|
evsjv KweZvi Av‡iK D¾¡j bÿÎ KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1899-1976)| iex›`ªhy‡Mi Kwe nIqv
m‡Ë¡I wZwb ¯^Kxq •ewk‡ó¨ D¾¡j| iex›`ªbv_ hLb Zuvi m„wóK‡g©i wewPÎ e¨vcKZvq ZLb ga¨MM‡bi
m~‡h©i g‡Zv `xc¨gvb, ZLb bRiæ‡ji Avwef©ve a~g‡KZzi g‡Zv cy‪Q bvwP‡q| K‡É Zuvi we‡`ªv‡ni myi|
`ywU gnvmg‡ii cÖwZwµqvq wek¦ hLb Aw¯i, mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK I ivR‣bwZK cwi‡ek AwbðqZv
Avi AZ¨vPv‡i ÿZweÿZ, G iKg mg‡qB KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg DrcxwoZ gvbeZvi gyw³i g‡š¿
D¾xweZ n‡q we‡`ªv‡ni WvK †`b| Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii weiæ‡× G we‡`ªvn wQj Zuvi Kweü`‡qi
95
ewýR¡vjvi †ÿvf I we‡ÿvf| Zuvi AwMœexYv, we‡li euvkx, fvOvi Mvb, cÖjq-wkLv, mvgëv`x BZ¨vw`
cÖwZev‡ì Kve¨| mvg¨, ¯^vaxbZv, gvbeZv I gyw³i g‡š¿ Zuvi KweZv eRªvwMœi g‡Zv R¡‡j D‡VwQj|
iex›`ªhy‡M DbœZwki Kwei Avwef©ve ZvB mKj‡K mPwKZ K‡iwQj|
we‡`ªvnB bRiæ‡ji GKgvÎ mËv bq| Zuvi GK nv‡Z euv‡ki euvkix Avi Ab¨ nv‡Z iYZ‚h©| Zuvi
cÖwZfv‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e eyS‡Z n‡j Zuvi K‡Vvi I †Kvg‡ji, †i․`ª I †R¨vrmœvi h_v_© mgwš^Z i~c
Avgv‡ì eyS‡Z n‡e| Zuvi gvb‡m kw³ I †m․›`‡h©i h_v_© wgjb N‡UwQj| bRiæ‡ji we‡`ªvnx mËv I
†cÖgmËvi wgjbgayi cÖKvk Avgiv jÿ Kwi Zuvi †cÖ‡gi KweZv I we‡`ªv‡ni KweZvq| Zuvi †`vjbPuvcv,
QvqvbU, PµevK, wmÜzwn‡›`vj BZ¨vw` Kve¨MÖš †cÖgfv‡e †hgb K¤úgvb, †Zgwb Avevi AwMœexYv, we‡li
euvkx I Ab¨vb¨ we‡`ªvnvZ¥K KweZvq `ywe©bxZ I DbœZwki| †cÖg I we‡`ªvn Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB wZwb wQ‡jb
Amv¤cÖ`vwqK, gvbe‡cÖgx, mvgëv`x Ges AvšÍwiK|
kã eënv‡i bRiæj Bmjvg wQ‡jb ev¯Íeev`x| KweZvi Rb¨ †h kã Acwinvh©Ñ†nvK †m Aviwe,
dviwm, ms¯‥…Z ev †h‡Kv‡bv fvlvi kãÑKwe AKzÉwP‡Ë Zv eënvi K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b KÉ¯î D`vË I
ewjô nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj, †mLv‡b Zuvi wbe©vwPZ kãvewj Dchy³ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| ü`‡qi
†KvgjZv cÖKv‡ki fvlvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q b¤ªZv| Zuvi fvlvq Av‡Q Zrmg kã I we‡`wk k‡ãi mvgÄm¨c~Y©
cÖ‡qvM| gymwjg BwZnvm, Bmjvg ag© ev HwZn¨‡PZbv i~cvq‡Yi Abyl½ wn‡m‡e Aviwe, dviwm k‡ãi
cÖvPzh©c~Y© eënvi jÿYxq| wn›`y-HwZn¨ i~cvq‡Y cyivYcªm½ I mswkøó wgw_K kã eëüZ n‡q‡Q
wbwØ©avq|
KvRx bRiæ‡ji G BwZnvm‡PZbv, msMÖvgkxjZv, gvbweKZv, mvg¨wPšÍv †Kej iex›`ªhy‡Mi Acivci
KweÑKiæYvwbavb e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1877-1955), hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPx (1878-1948), KzgyìÄb gwjøK
(1882-1970), hZx›`ªbv_ †mb¸ß (1887-1954), †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi (1888-1952), Kvwj`vm
ivq (1889-1975) cÖgyL AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb, eis Zuvi cÖfve iex‡›`ªvËi Kv‡ji KweKyj‡KI
A‡bKvs‡k Av‪Qbœ K‡i‡Q|
iex›`ªcÖfvegy³ ÒAvaywbK evsjv KweZv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i we‡`ªv‡ni, cÖwZev‡ì KweZv, msk‡qi,
K¬vwšÍi, mÜv‡bi, Avevi GiB g‡a¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q we¯§‡qi RvMiY, Rxe‡bi Avb›`, wek¦weav‡b
Av¯vevb wPËe„wËÓ (ey×‡è emy : AvaywbK evsjv KweZv, c„. 10)| Avey mqx` AvBqy‡ei g‡Z, Kv‡ji
w`K †_‡K G KweZv wek¦hy×-cieZ©x Ges fv‡ei w`K †_‡K iex›`ªcÖfvegy³| wek¦hy×-cieZ©xKv‡j
wek¦e¨vcx g›`v, bMimf¨Zvi hvwš¿KZv, mZ¨-ïå-my›`‡ii cwie‡Z© wjwe‡Wvi Amse×Zv, AvZ¥we‡iva,
Awb‡KZ‡eva, •bivk¨ I k~b¨Zv, wek¦v‡mi wfZ a‡m covq bT_©KZvq AvZ¥wejq, gv·©xq `k©‡bi
Av‡jv‡K bZzb mgvR wbg©v‡Yi AvKv‫‫‬ÿv, weÁv‡bi Af~Zc~e© Avwe®‥v‡ii d‡j m„wóin‡mï aviYv e`‡j
hvIqv Ges Ck¦i I cÖ_vMZ a‡g© Awek¦vm gvby‡li Rxebg~‡ji wkKo Dc‡o †d‡j (`xwß wÎcvVx :
AvaywbK evsjv Kve¨ cwiPq, c„. 12-15)| wZwi‡kvËi AvaywbK KweZvq GB Db¥~j Rxe‡bi PvjwPÎ aiv
c‡o‡Q| d‡j G KweZvi fvee¯‧ I wkícÖKiY iex›`ªvbymvix Kwe‡ì †_‡K ¯^Zš¿| Gi fvee¯‧i m‡½
•kjx ev cÖKiY Awew‪Qbœfv‡e MÖw_Z _v‡K; G Kvi‡Y ZLbKvi KweZvi A½‡m․ôeI n‡q c‡o wfbœZi
jÿYvµvšÍ|
evK&ixwZ I KveïxwZi wgkªY _vKvq M‡`ï fvlv, cÖev`, PwjZ kã, †jvKR kã, we‡`wk k‡ãi eënvi
nq AKzÉ| cÖvP¨ I cvðvZ¨ cyivY I wg‡_i eënvi, cÖPwjZ cqvi, m‡bU I gvÎvcÖavb Q‡›ì i~cvšÍi
96
Ges ga¨wg‡ji cÖPj‡b evsjv KweZvi †giæ`Ð k³ nq Ges M`¨gq Rxe‡bi Av‡eM I wbiv‡eM aviYvi
Dc‡hvMx nq|
myZivs †`Lv hvq †h, AvaywbK evsjv KweZv fvee¯‧ I Avw½K wePv‡i wek¦Rbxb i~c cvq| GKv‡j †hme
Kwe bZzb Kveävivi m„wó K‡ib Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Rxebvb›` `vk (1899-1954), myax›`ªbv_ `Ë (1901-
1961), Awgq PµeZ©x (1901-1986), †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ (1904-1988), weòz †` (1909-1982),
ey×‡è emy (1908-1974) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
wZwi‡ki Kv‡ji me©v‡cÿv L¨vwZgvb Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk (1899-1954)| SivcvjK, a~mi cvÐywjwc,
ebjZv †mb, gnvc„w_ex, mvZwU Zvivi wZwgi, †ejv A‡ejv Kvj‡ejv I i~cmxevsjv Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Kve¨MÖš| Rxebvb›` `vk iex›`ªcÖfve †_‡K wb‡R‡K gy³ †i‡LwQ‡jb, Z‡e cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i m‡Z¨›`ªbv_
`Ë, KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg, hZx›`ªbv_ †mb¸ß, †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi Ges Ab¨vb¨ MxwZKwei bZzb myi,
ev¯Íe‡PZbv, ¯^‡`k‡eva Zuv‡K AvKwl©Z K‡iwQj| AwP‡iB Rxebvb›` `vkmn wZwi‡ki Kweiv
cvðvZ¨m~Î †_‡K Rxebim msMÖn K‡i ¯^vej¤^x I ¯^qswm× n‡q DV‡jb| Gfv‡e evsjv KweZvq
cyivZb‡K AwZµg K‡i bZz‡bi RqaŸRv D‡ËvwjZ n‡jv| Kwe Rxebvb›` `vkI GgbB GK bZzb myi
I Q›` wb‡q Avwef~©Z nb Kve¨RM‡Z| G RMr `yB gnvhy‡×i gaëZx© I hy‡×vËi mskqx gvbevZ¥vi
ÿZweÿZ i³v³ cwiP‡q wegl©| cyuwRev` I hš¿mf¨Zvi `vbexq kw³i wbKU gvby‡li civfe,
civaxbZv, bxwZag©-mZ¨my›`‡ii ÿwqòzZv Rxebvb›` `vk‡K hš¿Yvwe× I inm¨gqZvq Av‪Qbœ K‡i
†d‡j| `xwß wÎcvVx ZvB m½Z Kvi‡YB e‡j‡Qb, Rxebvb›` `vk ÔGK weg~p hy‡Mi weåvšÍ KweÕ| G
Kvi‡YB Zuvi mnR Kve¨fvlvi Af¨šÍ‡i GK `y‡Á©q Kzqvkvi weåg •Zwi nq ev Zuvi KweZvi A_©
Dcjwäi †ÿ‡Î GK ai‡bi `y‡e©va¨Zv Abyf~Z nq| G `y‡e©va¨Zv Rxebvb‡›ì ewnR©Mr I AšÍRM© r
cwie¨vß K‡i Zuvi Kve¨fvlv wewbg©v‡Y f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q|
Z‡e G mZ¨ Ab¯^xKvh©, Zuvi KweZvq †hgb wek¦gq weg~p hy‡Mi weåvšÍ myi aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q †Zgwb
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZi Aci~c †m․›`h© I RxebwPÎ RxešÍ n‡q aiv w`‡q‡Q| ¯^‡`k‡cÖg I cÖK…wZ‡cÖg GK
¯^Zš¿ i~‡c msnZ I wbiv‡eM c~Y©Zv m„wó K‡i‡Q| ¯có D‪Pvi‡Y Rxebvb›` `vk ej‡Z †c‡i‡Qb :
Ôevsjvi gyL Avwg †`wLqvwQ, ZvB c„w_exi i~c LyuwR‡Z hvB bv Avi|Õ i~cmx evsjv I ebjZv †mb
Kve¨MÖ‡š cÖK…wZi m‡½ evsjvi Rj-nvIqvgvwU civev¯Íe wkíi~‡c †hgb wb‡g©` Av‡eM cÖKvk K‡i‡Q,
†Zgwb gnvc„w_ex, mvZwU Zvivi wZwgi, †ejv A‡ejv Kvj‡ejv Kv‡e¨ mv¤ªvR¨MÖvmx mgKv‡ji gwmwjß
mgq‡K aviY Kiv n‡q‡Q BwZnvm‡PZbv, Kvj‡PZbv I g„Zz¨‡PZbv‡K Bw›`ªqNb I wPÎi~cgq
Bg‡cÖkwb÷ Aeq‡e| `xwß wÎcvVx h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, Bg‡cÖkwb÷ Qwei g‡Zv Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZv
cvV‡Ki KvQ †_‡K GKwU `~iZ¡ m„ó K‡i iv‡L, Zuvi KweZv KvQ †_‡K †evSv hvq bv, AmsjMœ †Quov
†Quov †iLvi Uv‡bi g‡Zv, wKQzUv nq‡Zv weåvwšÍ m„wó K‡i, wKš‧ KweZv cv‡Vi †k‡l GKUv ¸Äb g‡bi
g‡a¨ aŸwbZ n‡Z _v‡K| †mB ¸ÄbB †kl ch©šÍ †iLv¸wj‡K msjMœ K‡i †cu․‡Q †`q A‡_©i DcK~‡j|
Rxebvb›` `vk GKw`‡K †hgb Zuvi hy‡Mi cÖwZwbwa, Ab¨w`‡K wZwb hy‡MvËi m‡ZïI mvaK| Rxebvb›`
`vk iex‡›`ªvËi †kÖô Kwe|
97
evsjv‡`‡ki Kve¨mvwnZ¨
evsjv KweZvi mg„× DËivwaKvi wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki KweZvi hvÎv ïiæ| †h AvwacZ¨ wb‡q cÖvPxb I ga¨
hy‡M evsjv KweZv `xc¨gvb wQj, evsjv‡`k c‡e© Zv AviI mg„×Zi I we¯Í…Z nq| kvnv`vr †nv‡mb
(1893-1953), †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv (1897-1964), KvRx Kv‡ì †bIqvR (1901-1983), Rmxg
D`&`xb (1903-1976), †ebRxi Avng` (1903-1983), gnxDÏxb (1906-1975), Ave`yj Kvwì
(1906-1984), mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb (1907-1975), gvngy`v LvZzb wmwÏKv (1910-1983), Av b
g eRjyi ikx` (1911-1986), †eMg mywdqv Kvgvj (1911-1999), gwZDj Bmjvg (1914-1984),
Avnmvb nvexe (1917-1985), di&iæL Avng` (1918-1974), wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi (1918-
1975), Zvwjg †nv‡mb (1918-1999), Aveyj †nv‡mb (1921-), •mq` Avjx Avnmvb (1922-
2002), mvbvDj nK (1924-1983), Ave`yj MwY nvRvix (19261976), W. Avkivd wmwÏKx
(1927Ñ), W. ghnvi‪j Bmjvg (1927-2003), wRjøyi ingvb wmwÏKx (1928), Avj gvngy` (1936-
), W. †gvnv¤§` gwbi‪¾vgvb (1929-2008), kvgmyi ivngvb (1929-2006), Ave`ym mvËvi (1931-
2000), nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb (1932-1983), W. AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` (1932-2006), •mq`
kvgmyj nK (1935-), e‡›` Avjx wgqv (1937-1979) cÖgyL evsjv‡`‡ki KweZvfzeb‡K F×
K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gvb msKj‡b †KejgvÎ G †`‡ki Ab¨Zg †kÖô Kwe kvgmyi ivngv‡bi GKwU KweZv
AšÍfz³
© n‡q‡Q|
98
e½fvlv
gvB‡Kj gaym`b `Ë
†n e½, fvÐv‡i Ze wewea iZb;

Zv m‡e, (A‡eva Avwg!) Ae‡njv Kwi,
ci-ab-†jv‡f gË, Kwiby ågY
ci‡`‡k, wfÿve„wË Kzÿ‡Y AvPwi|
KvUvBby eû w`b myL cwinwi!
Awb`ªvq, Abvnv‡i muwc Kvq, gbt,
gwRby wedj Z‡c Ae‡i‡Y¨ ewi;Ñ
†Kwjby •kev‡j, fywj KgjKvbb!
¯^‡cœ Ze Kzjj²x K‡q w`jv c‡i,Ñ
ÒI‡i evQv, gvZ„‡Kv‡l iZ‡bi ivwR,
G wfLvix-`kv Z‡e †Kb †Zvi AvwR?
hv wdwi, AÁvb ZzB, hv †i wdwi N‡i|Ó
cvwjjvg AvÁv my‡L, cvBjvg Kv‡j
gvZ„fvlv-i~c Lwb, c~Y© gwYRv‡j|
Kwe cwiwPwZ
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë 1824 wLª÷v‡ã h‡kvi †Rjvi mvMiùvwo MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Dwbk kZ‡K
KwjKvZv‡Kw›`ªK AvaywbK wkÿvi cxV¯vb wn›`y K‡j‡R wZwb cvðvZ¨we`¨v Aa¨qb K‡ib| cvðvZ¨
mvwn‡Zï †gv‡n cÖ_g Rxe‡b wZwb Bs‡iwR‡Z mvwnZ¨PP©v ïi‪ K‡ib| AwP‡iB wZwb Dcjwä K‡ib †h,
hy‡MvËxY© mvwnZ¨Kg© m„wó Ki‡Z n‡j we‡`wk fvlvq Zv m¤¢e bq| ïiæ nq Zuvi gvZ…fvlv evsjvq
mvwnZ¨PP©v| evsjv mvwn‡Zï AmvaviY cÖwZfvai Kwe I bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e wZwb cªwZôv jvf K‡ib|
gvB‡KjB evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K gnvKve¨ †gNbvèa Kv‡eï iPwqZv| cqvi †f‡O AwgÎvÿi Q›`
cÖeZ©b K‡i evsjv KweZvq wZwb •ecøweK cwieZ©b G‡bwQ‡jb| wZwbB cÖ_g mv_©K AvaywbK evsjv bvUK,
Uªv‡RwW, cÖnmb I m‡bU iPbv K‡ib| gaym~`‡bi mvabvq evsjv Kve¨mvwn‡Z¨ behyM cÖwZwôZ nq|
Rxeb‡PZbvq bexbZv, wÎ‡jvKcÖmvix Kíbv, fvlvi Avg~j ms¯‥vi I bZzb kw³i Avwe®‥vi ga¨hyMxq
mvgvb¨Zv †_‡K evsjv Kve¨‡K gy³ K‡i wZwb AvaywbK wek¦mvwn‡Zï wmsnØv‡i †c․u‡Q †`b| G Kvi‡Y
gaym~`b‡K hyMÜi Kwe ejv nq| †gNbvèa Kve¨ (1861), exiv½bv Kve¨ (1862), PZz`©kc`x
KweZvejx (1866), kwg©ôv (1859), G‡KB wK e‡j mf¨Zv (1860), ey‡ov kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuv
(1860), K…òKzgvix (1861) BZ¨vw` ZuviD‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvwnZ¨Kg©| 1873 mv‡ji evsjvi gnvKwe I
wek¦bvMwiK gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|
g~jfve
PZz`©kc`x KweZvejxi Ab¨Zg KweZv Ôe½fvlvÕq Kwei AšÍ‡j©v‡Ki AvKzwZ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G
KweZvi g~j cªwZcv`¨ n‡‪Q gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei Mfxi fv‡jvevmv Ges AvZ¥cwiPq D‡b¥vPb| cvðvZ¨
99
mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ AÜ‡gv‡n Kwe Kve¨PP©vi m~Pbv‡Z gvZ…f~wg I gvZ„fvlv‡K Ae‡njv K‡i we‡`wk fvlvq
Kve¨PP©v ïi‪ K‡ib| Bs‡iwR fvlvq Kve¨ iPbv K‡i wZwb Avkvbyi~c L¨vwZ ev cÖwZôv AR©b Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| ZLb wn‣Zlx‡ì Aby‡iva Ges Aby‡kvPbvq `» n‡q Kwe evsjv fvlvq KveïPbv ïiy K‡ib|
wZwb Dcjwä K‡ib, ciab-†jv‡f Db¥Ë nIqv GK ai‡bi DÃe„wË gvÎ| Gfv‡e AvZ¥‡PZbvi ga¨ w`‡q
Kwe wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi åg ms‡kva‡bi mwVK c_ wPwýZ Ki‡Z mg_© nb| cifvlvq Kve¨PP©v‡K ci‡`‡k
wfÿve„wË myZivs eiY‡hvM¨ bq e‡j wZwb AvZ¥wa°vi Rvwb‡q‡Qb| gvZ…fvlvq mvwnZ¨PP©vq G wd‡i
Avmv‡K Kwe A‡j․wKK ¯^cœ-eviZv e‡j †g‡b‡Qb| ¯^cœv‡`k cvjb K‡i wZwb gvZ…fvlvi gwYc~Y© Lwb
Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Qb Ges cwi‡k‡l wbR fvlvi gva¨‡g wZwb Zuvi †`k‡cÖg, ¯^vRvZ¨‡eva I
Kve¨wPšÍvi Pig cÖKvk NUv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb|
Ôe½fvlvÕi •ewkó¨
BD‡ivc-cÖev‡m Kwe gaym~`‡bi Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg gyL¨ NUbv PZz`©kc`x KweZvejx iPbv| G RvZxq
KweZvq Kwei AšÍRx© e‡bi Zvrch©c~Y© cwiPq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| cÖKi‡Yi w`K †_‡K GwU GKwU mv_©K m‡bU
ev PZz`©kc`x KweZv| G KweZvwU‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Kwei Aby‡kvPbv-`» AvZ¥vi KiyY AvZ©bv`|
GLv‡b cÖevmx Kwei gvZ…f~wg I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva dz„‡U D‡V‡Q| nVvr K‡i †hb Zuvi
AvZ¥‡PZbv †R‡M‡Q| ci‡`‡k cifvlvq Kve¨PP©v KL‡bv †Kv‡bv mv_©KZv ev m¤§vb e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i bv,
eis G GK ai‡bi wfÿve„wË| ZvB Bs‡iwR fvlvq mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡i wZwb AvR AvZ¥Møvwb‡Z fyM‡Qb|
KweZvi DwjøwLZ fvee¯‧wU m‡b‡Ui wbLyuZ eyb‡bi g‡a¨ Abb¨ wkíi~c †c‡q‡QÑevsjvq hv wQj m¤ú~Y©
bZzb| KweZvwU AóK I lUK `yB As‡k wef³| GKwU g~j fve‡K `ywU As‡k mÂvwiZ K‡i GKwU
ALÐAv‡eM m„wó Kivi †K․kj MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| jÿ‡hvM¨ †h, Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi AóK As‡k gvZ…f~wg I
gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Ae‡njv Kivi d‡j Zuvi †h AvZ¥ÿq n‡q‡Q Zv Zy‡j a‡i‡Qb Ges lUK As‡k †mB
ÿwZ ev fzj ms‡kva‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i †k‡l mvdj¨jv‡fi Z…wßmn gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv I
kÖ×vi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| GLv‡b Kwe mv_©Kfv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk Ges AšÍ‡ii fvecÖKvk GKB m~‡Î e¨Äbvag©x
GKwU GK‡K i~cvšÍiwZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb|
GKwU ALÐ fv‡ei cÖKvk m‡b‡Ui GB •ewkó¨ Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvq my¯úófv‡e jÿYxq| Kweü`‡qi
Aby‡kvPbv I †e`bv‡eva GLv‡b Abyf~wZi i‡m wm³ n‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Q›`cÖKi‡Yi we‡kl
wbqgvbymv‡i PiY-†k‡l wgj ivLv n‡q‡Q| G wgj cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Pi‡Y Ges wØZxq I PZz_© Pi‡Y Kiv
n‡q‡Q| lU‡K cÖ_g Ges PZz_©, wØZxq Ges Z…Zxq Pi‡Y wgj i‡q‡Q| Gici cÂg I lô Pi‡Y
AšÍ¨wgj i‡q‡Q| `yB Ask wg‡j GKwU ALÐ fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Q›`-cÖKiY I wkíi~c
Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvwU Aÿie„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| cÖwZwU Pi‡Y 14 gvÎvi `ywU ce©| cÖ_g ce© 8 gvÎvi I wØZxq
ce© 6 gvÎvi|
wkíi~c-m‡bU (g„`y aŸwb ev Kw¤úZ AvIqvR)| m‡bU BZvjxq kã| KweZvi GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi
i~cKí| GKwU m‡b‡U 14 cO&w³ _v‡K| IB cO&w³mg~n 8 cO&w³ I 6 cO&w³‡Z wefvwRZ nqÑcÖ_g 8
100
cO&w³‡K e‡j AóK Avi †kl 6 cO&w³‡K e‡j lUK| GKwU m‡bU GKwUgvÎ fv‡ei evnb, Zvi g‡a¨
Aó‡K-lU‡K GKUz cv_©K¨ _v‡K| Aó‡K †h fve cÖKvwkZ nq, lU‡K Zvi m¤cÖmviY _v‡K| wKš‧ AóK
I lUK wgwj‡q KweZvi GKwU ALÐ gÐj iwPZ nq| MV‡bi w`K †_‡K m‡bU cÖavbZ `yB iKg :
†cÎvK©xq I †k‫‫‬wcqixq| Ôe½fvlvÕ m‡bUwU ixwZ ev wg‡ji w`K †_‡K AwbqwgZ ai‡bi| KweZvi
PiY¸‡jvi AšÍ¨wgj GiKg: KL KL, LK LK, MN NM, OO| KweZvi cÖ_g PviwU PiY I †kl `ywU PiY
†k·wcqixq ixwZ‡Z iwPZ, cÂg †_‡K AógÑGB PviwU PiY AwbqwgZ †k·wcqixq ixwZ, beg †_‡K
Øv`kÑGB PviwU Pi‡Y †cÎvK©xq Xs †`Lv hvq|
GB KweZvq Kwei e¨w³Rxe‡bi cÖfve c‡o‡Q| Bs‡iwR fvlvq KweZv iPbv Kivi A`g¨ B‪Qv †_‡K
Kwe cvðvZ¨ mvwnZ¨ Aa¨q‡b Mfxifv‡e g‡bvwb‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‧ Zuvi cÖ_g Kve¨ K¨vcwUf †jwW
Kve¨ wn‡m‡e mgv`„Z bv nIqvq wZwb evsjv fvlvq mvwnZïPbv ïiy K‡ib Ges AmvaviY mvdj¨ AR©b
K‡ib| Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvq GB w`KUvB Awfbe fveKíbvq evYxi~c †c‡q‡Q|
Ôe½fvlvÕ ïay evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g m‡bU bq, GwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï †miv m‡bU¸‡jviI Ab¨Zg| Gi
fvee¯‧ †hgb gvwR©Z, cwikxwjZ I msnZ, †Zgwb wkíi~c DuPz gv‡bi| 14 Pi‡Yi mxwgZ-Avw½K
cwim‡i Kwei ALÐ fveKíbv µgweKwkZ n‡q PgrKvi cwiYwZ †c‡q‡Q| Aó‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q
gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ D‡cÿvRwbZ g‡bv‡e`bv, lU‡K Av‡Q ¯^cœ-wb‡`©‡k mvwnZ¨-mvabvi avivi cwieZ©‡b
wmw× AR©‡bi cwiZ„wß| GB m‡b‡U Kwe ïay Zuvi myMfxi ü`qv‡eM‡KB cÖKvk K‡ibwb, mewKQz‡K
Qvwc‡q D‡V‡Q gvZ…fvlvi gwngv Ges H fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei myMfxi ì`|
101
mvgvb¨ ÿwZ
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
e‡n gvNgv‡m kx‡Zi evZvm,

¯^‪Qmwjjv eiyYv|
cyix n‡Z `~‡i MÖv‡g wbR©‡b
wkjvgq NvU P¤úKe‡b,
mœv‡b P‡j‡Qb kZmLx m‡b
Kvkxi gwnlx KiyYv|
mœvb mgvcb Kwiqv hLb
K~‡j D‡V bvix mK‡j
gwnlx Kwnjv, ÒDû kx‡Z gwi|
mKj kixi DwV‡Q wknwi,
†R¡‡j †` Av¸b I‡jv mnPix
kxZ wbevwie Ab‡j|Ó
mLxMY m‡e KzovB‡Z KzUv
Pwjj KzmygKvb‡b|
†K․ZzKi‡m cvMjcivbx
kvLv awi m‡e K‡i UvbvUvwb,
mnmv mev‡i WvK w`qv ivbx
K‡n mnvm¨ Avb‡bÑ
ÒI‡jv †Zviv Avq, IB †`Lv hvq
KywUi Kvnvi A`~‡i,
IB N‡i †Zviv jvMvwe Abj,
Zß Kwie Kic`ZjÓÑ
GZ ewj ivbx i‡½ we‡fvj
nvwmqv DwVj gay‡i|
Kwnj gvjZx mKiyY AwZ,
ÒGwK cwinvm ivbxgv!
Av¸b R¡vjv‡q †Kb w`‡e bvwk?
G KywUi †Kvb& mvay mbœ¨vmx
†Kvb& `xbRb †Kvb& cievmx
euvwaqv‡Q bvwn Rvwb gv|Ó
ivbx K‡n †iv‡l, Ò`~i Kwi `vI
GB `xb`qvgqx‡i!Ó
AwZ `y`©vg †K․ZzKiZ
†h․ebg‡` wbôzi hZ
hyeZxiv wgwj cvM‡ji g‡Zv
Av¸b jvMv‡jv KzwU‡i|
cÖfvZ-cvwLi Avb›`Mvb
102
f‡qi wejv‡c UzwUjÑ
`‡j `‡j KvK K‡i †Kvjvnj,
DËievqy nBj cÖej,
KzwUi nB‡Z KzwU‡i Abj
Dwoqv Dwoqv QywUj!
†Qv‡Uv MÖvgLvwb †jwnqv jBj
cÖjq‡jvjyc imbv|
Rbnxb c‡_ gv‡Ni cÖfv‡Z
cÖ‡gv`K¬všÍ kZ mLx-mv‡_
wd‡i †Mj ivbx Kzejq nv‡Z,
`xß-AiyY-embv|
ZLb mfvq wePvi-Avm‡b
ewmqvwQ‡jb f~cwZ|
M„nnxb cÖRv `‡j `‡j Av‡m,
wØavKw¤úZ M`M` fv‡l
wb‡ew`j `yL ms‡Kv‡P Îv‡m
Pi‡Y Kwiqv wgbwZ|
mfvmb Qvwo DwV †Mj ivRv
iw³g gyL ki‡g|
AKv‡j cwkjv ivbxi AvMviÑ
Kwnjv, Ògwnlx, GwK eënvi!
M„n R¡vjvB‡j AfvMv cÖRvi
e‡jv †Kvb ivR&ai‡g!Ó
iywlqv Kwnj ivRvi gwnlx,
ÒM„n Kn Zv‡i Kx †ev‡a!
†M‡Q ¸wUKZ RxY© KzwUi,
KZUzKz ÿwZ n‡q‡Q cÖvYxi?
KZab hvq ivRgwnlxi
GK cÖn‡ii cÖ‡gv‡`|Ó
Kwn‡jb ivRv D`¨Z †ivl
iywaqv `xß ü`‡qÑ
ÒhZ w`b Zzwg AvQ ivRivbx
`x‡bi KzwU‡i `x‡bi Kx nvwb
eywS‡Z bvwi‡e Rvwb Zvnv RvwbÑ
eySve †Zvgv‡i wb`‡q|ÓivRvi Av‡`‡k wKsKix Avwm
f~lY †dwjj LywjqvÑ
AiyYeiY A¤îLvwb
wbg©g K‡i Ly‡j w`j Uvwb,
wfLvwi bvixi Pxievm Avwb
w`j ivbx‡`‡n Zzwjqv|
c‡_ j‡q Zv‡i Kwn‡jb ivRv,
ÒgvwM‡e `yqv‡i `yqv‡iÑ
103
GK cÖn‡ii jxjvq †Zvgvi
†h-KÕwU KzwUi nj QviLvi
hZw`‡b cv‡iv †m-KÕwU Avevi
Mwo w`‡Z n‡e †Zvgv‡i|
ÒermiKvj w`‡jg mgq
Zvi c‡i wd‡i Avwmqv
mfvq ùvov‡q Kwiqv cÖYwZ
mevi mgy‡L Rvbv‡e hyeZx
n‡q‡Q RM‡Z KZUzKz ÿwZ
RxY© KzwUi bvwkqv|Ó
Kwe cwiwPwZ
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 1861 mv‡ji Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| gvÎ evi eQi eqm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avwk eQi eqm ch©šÍ
Aweij avivq KweZv, Mí, msMxZ, bvUK, Dcb¨vm Ges Abe`¨ M`¨ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| KjvK…wZi cÖwZwU
†ÿ‡Î wZwb dwj‡q‡Qb †mvbvi dmj, Avi Zv‡Z f‡i †M‡Q Zuvi †mvbvi Zix| cÖvYkw³i cÖvPzh©,
Av‡e‡Mi MfxiZv I †ivgvw›UKZvi Awfmvi, Bw›`ªqRM‡Zi mv‡_ Bw›`ªqvZx‡Zi wgjb, mxgv I Amx‡gi
Ø›Ø-mgš^q, L‡Ði m‡½ c~‡Y©i wgjbµxov iex›`ªbv_ e¨ZxZ GKv‡j Ab¨ †Kv‡bv GKK Kwei g‡a¨ †`Lv
hvqwb| wek¦mvwn‡Zï Ab¨ †Kv‡bv KwecÖwZfvi m‡½I Zuvi Zzjbv nq bv| †M¨‡U, †nvgvi, `v‡šÍ,
iex›`ªbv_ÑGuiv †KD Kv‡iv m‡½ Zzjbxq bb| ïay m„wókxjZvi eûgwyLZvi cÖ‡kœ †M¨‡Ui m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i
GK ai‡bi Zyjbv P‡j| †M¨‡UI g~L¨Z mvwnwZ¨K Ges Zuvi cÖwZfv iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡ZvB wewPÎgyLxÑM`¨
Ges c`¨ Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB wZwb wm×n¯Í; Rvg©vb mvwn‡Zï Ggb †Kv‡bv wefvM ev kvLvcÖkvLv †bB, hvi
Ici Zuvi cÖwZfv Avcb ¯^vÿi iv‡Lwb| iex›`ªbv‡_i wekvj wkífyeb‡K 1. Kve¨-KweZv, 2.bvUK,
Kve¨bvUK I bvU¨Kve¨, 3. Dcb¨vm I †QvUMí, 4.cÖeÜwbeÜ kxl©K avivq †kÖwYKiY Kiv hvq| Z‡e
m‡e©vcwi iex›`ªbv_ Kwe| Kve¨cÖwZfvi Ggb me©ÎmÂvix Kwe we‡k¦ weij|
iex›`ªbv‡_i nvZ a‡iB evsjv KweZv wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ bZzb cwiP‡q ¯vb K‡i †bq| 1913 wLª÷v‡ã MxZvÄwj
MÖ‡ši Rb¨ wZwb Gkxq‡ì g‡a¨ mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi cvb| iex›`ªbv‡_i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kve¨KxwZ©i
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †mvbvi Zix, wPÎv, K_v-Kvwnbx, ÿwYKv, •b‡e`¨, MxZvÄwj, ejvKv, c~iex, gûqv, cybð, k¨vgjx
cÖf„wZ| wZwb ïay GKRb mv_©K Kwe ev †jLKB bb; GKvav‡i myiKvi, wPÎKi, bvU¨vwf‡bZv, bvU¨ cÖ‡hvRK,
wkÿvwe`, K…wlwe` I `vk©wbK| 1348 e½v‡ãi 22‡k kªveY ev 1941 mv‡ji 7 AvM÷ KjKvZvq iex›`ªbv_
VvKzi †klwbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|
g~jfve
Ômvgvb¨ ÿwZÕ KweZvwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii GKwU mgvR-m‡PZbZv, gvbweKZv Ges b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv
mswkøó KweZv| GLv‡b `ye©‡ji Ici me‡ji AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnwb eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivRgwnlx gyn~‡Z©i
my‡Li Rb¨ Ans‡ev‡a DÏxß n‡q Mwie cÖRvi M„‡n Av¸b awi‡q w`‡Z wØav‡eva K‡iwb| Mwie cÖRv `‡j
`‡j G‡m ivRvi wbKU bvwjk Kivi c‡iI ivbxi †Kv‡bv Aby‡kvPbv Rv‡Mwb| eis ivbx D×Zfv‡e
ivRv‡K e‡j‡Qb Kx Ggb ÿwZ n‡q‡Q, GK gyn~‡Z©i cÖ‡gv‡` ivRgwnlxi KZ ab hvq| gvby‡li myL-
104
`yt‡Li Avkªq‡K wZwb LoKz‡Uvi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‧ `ywe©bxZ AvPi‡Y ÿz× n‡q ivRv ivbx‡K Pig
kvw¯Í w`‡q‡Qb| wfLvwi bvixi Pxievm wZwb ivbxi †`‡n cwi‡q w`‡q GK eQi evwo evwo wfÿv Ki‡Z
e‡j‡Qb| hZw`b ivbx f¯§xf~Z KzwUi M‡o w`‡Z bv cv‡ib ZZw`b ivRcÖvmv‡` Zuvi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi
†`bwb| ivRv GLv‡b wbi‡cÿ I b¨vqwePv‡ii D¾¡j `„óvšÍ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| ivbxi wbKU hv mvgvb¨ ÿwZ
e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q, ivRvi wbKU Zv wbôziZv| ZvB AwZkq ÿzä n‡q wZwb ivbx‡K `„óvšÍg~jK kvw¯Í
w`‡q‡Qb| ivRvi Kv‡Q ivbx Ges Mwie cÖRvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv we‡f` †`Lv‡bv nqwb| ivbxi Rxeb wejv‡m
Kv‡U e‡j wZwb Mwi‡ei `ytL †ev‡Sb bv| ivRv Zuv‡K Mwi‡ei g‡Zv w`b AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i
Mwi‡ei `ytL †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wbQK AvZ¥Z…wß jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ Ac‡ii ÿwZ Kivi g‡bve„wË GLv‡b
wbw›`Z I kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gvbeag© I b¨vqbxwZ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|
105
KvÐvix ûwkqvi
KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg
`yM©g wMwi KvšÍvi giæ, `y¯iÍ cvivevi
j‫‫‬N‡Z n‡e ivwÎ-wbkx‡_, hvÎxiv nuywkqvi|
`ywj‡Z‡Q Zix, dzwj‡Z‡Q Rj, fzwj‡Z‡Q gvwS c_,

wQuwoqv‡Q cvj, †K awi‡e nvj, Av‡Q Kvi wn¤§r?
†K AvQ †Rvqvb, nI Av¸qvb, nuvwK‡Q fwel¨r|
G Zzdvb fvix, w`‡Z n‡e cvwi, wb‡Z n‡e Zix cvi||

wZwgiivwÎ, gvZ…gš¿x mvš¿xiv mveavb!
hyMhyMvšÍmwÂZ e¨_v †Nvwlqv‡Q Awfhvb|
†dbvBqv D‡V ewÂZ ey‡K cywÄZ Awfgvb,
Bnv‡`‡i c‡_ wb‡Z n‡e mv‡_, w`‡Z n‡e AwaKvi||
Amnvq RvwZ gwi‡Q Wzweqv, Rv‡b bv mšÍiY,

KvÐvix! AvR †`wLe †Zvgvi gvZ…gyw³-cY!
Ôwn›`y bv Iiv gymwjg?Õ IB wRÁv‡m †Kvb& Rb?
KvÐvix! e‡jv, Wzwe‡Q gvbyl, mšÍvb †gvi gvÕi!
wMwi-m¼U, fxiæ hvÎxiv, ¸iæ MiRvq evR,

cðvr-c_-hvÎxi g‡b m‡›`n Rv‡M AvR|
KvÐvix! Zzwg fzwj‡e wK c_? Z¨wR‡e wK c_gvS?
K‡i nvbvnvwb Zey P‡jv Uvwb wbqvQ †h gnvfvi||
KvÐvix! Ze m¤§y‡L H cjvwki cÖvšÍi,

evOvjxi Ly‡b jvj nÕj †h_v K¬vB‡ei LÄi!
H M½vq Wzweqv‡Q nvq fvi‡Zi wèvKi!
Dw`‡e †h iwe Avgv‡`wi Ly‡b ivwOqv cybe©vi||
duvwmi g‡Â †M‡q †Mj hviv Rxe‡bi RqMvb,

AvwmÕ Aj‡ÿ¨ ùvov‡q‡Q Zviv, w`‡e †Kvb& ewj`vb?
AvwR cixÿv, RvwZi A_ev Rv‡Zi Kwie ÎvY?
`ywj‡Z‡Q Zix dzwj‡Z‡Q Rj, KvÐvix ûuwkqvi|
106
Kwe cwiwPwZ
1899 wLª÷v‡ãi 24 †g (11B •R¨ô, 1306 e½vã) ea©gvb †Rjvi Avmvb‡mvj gnKzgvi Pziywjqv MÖv‡g
KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Ab¨vq, †kvlY I wbh©vZ‡bi weiy‡× we‡`ªvn Ges wecøe I
†`k‡cÖ‡gi DÏxcbvgq KweZv wj‡L evsjvi Rbg‡b wZwb Ôwe‡`ªvnx KweÕ wn‡m‡e bw›`Z Avmb †c‡q‡Qb|
eû wewPÎ I we¯§qKi Zuvi Rxeb| †Q‡j‡ejvq †j‡Uvi `‡j Mvb K‡i‡Qb, iywUi †`vKv‡bi KvwiMi
n‡q‡Qb, †mbvevwnbxi nvwej`vi n‡q hy‡× †hvM w`‡q‡Qb, weªwUkiv‡Ri weiy‡× ivR‡`ªv‡ni Aciv‡a
KviveiY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cwÎKvI m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb| wj‡L‡Qb KweZv, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, msMxZ
BZ¨vw`| Zuvi mg¯Í m„wóB Awfbe| Zuvi KweZv I Mvb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †cÖiYv wn‡m‡e KvR
K‡i‡Q| Zuvi †jLv Mvb ÔPj& Pj& Pj& Pj&Õ Avgv‡ì iYmsMxZ|
bRi‪‡ji we‡`ªvnx mËv I †cÖgmËvi wgjbgayi cÖKvk Avgiv jÿ Kwi Zuvi †cÖ‡gi KweZv I we‡`ªv‡ni
KweZvq| wZwb †`vjbPuvcv, QvqvbU, PµevK, wmÜzwn‡›`vj BZ¨vw` Kve¨MÖš †cÖgfv‡e †hgb K¤úgvb,
†Zgwb Avevi AwMœexYv, we‡li euvkx I Ab¨vb¨ we‡`ªvnvZ¥K KweZvq `ywe©bxZ I DbœZ wki| †cÖg I
we‡`ªvn Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB wZwb wQ‡jb Amv¤cÖ`vwqK, gvbe‡cÖgx, mvgëv`x Ges AvšÍwiK|†QvU‡ì Rb¨ †jLv
Zuvi Kve¨MÖš n‡‪Q wS‡O dzj, mÂqb, wc‡j cUKv, Nyg RvMv‡bv cvwL, Nyg cvovbx gvwmwcwm Ges bvUK
cyZz‡ji we‡q| KweK…wZi ¯^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e iex›`ªfviZx I XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K wW.wjU wWwMÖ cÖ`vb
K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ci Kwe‡K XvKvq G‡b evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq Ges ÔRvZxq
KweÕi gh©v`v †Ìqv nq| 1976 wLª÷v‡ãi 29 AvM÷ (12 fv`ª, 1383 e½vã) wZwb XvKvq g„ZzëiY
K‡ib|
g~jfve
ÔKvÐvix ûwkqviÕ KweZvwU KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi me©nviv Kv‡eï AšÍM©Z GKwU KweZv, hwÌ Mvb
wn‡m‡eB GwU AwaK cÖPwjZ Ges RbwcÖq| wbcxwoZ MYwP‡Ëi cÖwZ Kwe bRiy‡ji mnvbyf~wZ Awbt‡kl|
we‡`wk kvmbvg‡j civaxb fviZe‡l© mvaviY gvby‡li Møvwb Ges `y`©kv Kwe‡K e¨w_Z K‡i‡Q memgq|
GB Møvwb‡eva †_‡K Kwe GKw`‡K †hgb n‡q‡Qb we‡`ªvnx, Ab¨w`‡K mvaviY gvby‡li `y`©kvq n‡q‡Qb
e¨w_Z| ÔKvÐvix ûwkqviÕ KweZvi cÖwZwU Pi‡YB Kwe wbcxwoZ GB mvaviY gvbyl‡K gyw³i Av‡jvq
D™¢vwmZ nevi Aby‡cÖiYv mÂvi K‡i‡Qb| ZvB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i KweZvwUi g~j myi RvMiYg~jK| wewfbœ
Abyl½ †hgb `yM©g wMwi, KvšÍvi giæ, wKsev `y¯iÍ cvivevi BZ¨vwì AeZviYv K‡i wZwb KvÛvix‡K
mveavb K‡i †`b †hb GB cÖwZK‚jZvq wZwb weåvšÍ bv n‡q mwVK g‡bvej wb‡q m¤§y‡L AMÖmi n‡Z
cv‡ib|
Avgiv Rvwb †cÖg I we‡`ªvn AvcvZ-wecixZ n‡jI bRiæj-gvb‡mi wfwË GB `yB mËv| †giy`Ðnxb
RvwZi cÖvYkw³‡K RvwM‡q Zzjevi Rb¨ bRiyj Zuvi KweZvq evievi we‡`ªvnx n‡q‡Qb| j¾v, wØav Ges
fq wemR©b w`‡q D‡V Avmvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb wZwb Zuvi ¯^fvemyjf D`vË K‡É| GB KweZvqI
Avgiv KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi we‡`ªv‡ni GB myi cÖZ¨ÿ Kwi| KweZvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj g„ZcÖvq cÖvYnxb
evOvwj RvwZ‡K Z›`ªvnZ RMr †_‡K D×vi K‡i wbR AwaKvi m¤^‡Ü m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv Ges
Aby‡cÖiYvq D™¢vwmZ n‡q gyw³i c‡_ AMÖmi nIqv| ÔKvÐvix ûwkqviÕ KweZvq Avgiv Zuvi gvbe‡cÖ‡gi
Av‡eMI jÿ¨ Kwi| gvbe‡cÖwgK wQ‡jb e‡jB hyMhyMvšÍ a‡i Pjgvb AZ¨vPvi KwewPË‡K evievi
Av‡jvwoZ K‡i‡Q| †e`bvnZ Kwe `ytL-†e`bvi nvZ †_‡K gvby‡li gyw³ Kvgbv K‡i fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K
AMÖmi n‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbvb GB KweZvq| wn›`y-gymjgvb m¤úªxwZ, hv bRiæ‡ji KweZvq gvbe‡cÖ‡gi
Av‡iKwU cÖavb •ewkó¨, ÔKvÐvix ûwkqviÕ KweZvq jÿYxq| ZvB cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, KvRx bRiæj
Bmjv‡gi ¯^v‡`wkKZv, we‡`ªvn, gvbecÖxwZ BZ¨vw` mg¯Í g‡bvfv‡ei AK…wÎg cÖKv‡ki GK Abe`¨
Kveïƒc ÔKvÛvix ûwkqviÕ KweZvwU|
107
cÖwZ`vb
Rmxg D`&`xb
Avgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †hev, Avwg euvwa Zvi Ni,

Avcb Kwi‡Z Kuvw`qv †eovB †h †gv‡i K‡i‡Q ci|
†h †gv‡i Kwij c‡_i weevMxÑ
c‡_ c‡_ Avwg wdwi Zvi jvwM|
`xNj iRbx Zvi Z‡i RvwM Nyg †h n‡i‡Q †gvi;
Avgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †hev Avwg euvwa Zvi Ni|
Avgvi G K~j fvwOqv‡Q †hev Avwg Zvi K~j euvwa,
†h †M‡Q ey‡K‡Z AvNvZ nvwbqv Zvi jvwM Avwg Kuvw`;
†h †gv‡i w`‡q‡Q we‡l fiv evY,
Avwg †`B Zv‡i eyKfiv Mvb;
KuvUv †c‡q Zv‡i dzj Kwi `vb mvivwU Rbg fi,Ñ
†gvi ey‡K †hev Kei †eu‡a‡Q Avwg Zvi eyK fwi,
iwOb dz‡ji †mvnvM-Rovb dzj-gvjÂ awi|
†h gy‡L †m K‡n wbVywiqv evYx, Avwg j‡q mwL, Zvwi gyLLvwb,
KZ VuvB n‡Z KZ wK †h Avwb, mvRvB wbišÍi,
108
Kwe cwiwPwZ
Rmxg D`&`xb 1903 wLª÷v‡ã dwi`cyi †Rjvi Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| QvÎRxe‡bB Zuvi
KwecÖwZfvi weKvk N‡U| wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbKv‡jB Zuvi iwPZ ÔKeiÕ KweZvwU cÖ‡ewkKv evsjv
msKj‡bi AšÍf³ z© nq| Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiæ‡Z wZwb wKQzKvj XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| c‡i
miKvwi Z_¨ I cÖPvi wefv‡M D‪Pc‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| bKkx Kuv_vi gvV, †mvRb evw`qvi NvU, ivLvjx,
nvmy, GK cqmvi euvkx BZ¨vw` Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš| Zvi bKkx Kuv_vi gvV Kve¨wU wewfbœ fvlvq
Ab~w`Z I †`‡k-we‡`‡k AwfbxZ n‡q‡Q| wkï‡ì Rb¨ †jLv ÔWvwjgKzgviÕ Zuvi Abe`¨ iPbv| G Qvov
wZwb ¯§„wZK_v, ågYKvwnwb, bvUK I cÖeÜI iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi Kv‡e¨ cjøxi gvby‡li Rxeb-Kvwnwb
wbLuyZfv‡e wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q e‡j Zuv‡K ÔcjøxKweÕ AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| AmvaviY KweK…wZi ¯^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e
KjKvZvi iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K W±i Ae wjUv‡iPvi Dcvwa‡Z m¤§vwbZ K‡i| 1976 mv‡j
Kwe XvKvq g„ZyëiY K‡ib|
g~jfve
ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe D`vi gvbweKZvi cÖxwZgq evYx‡K AKzÉ wP‡Ë cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Kwe Dcjwä
K‡ib, AmvaviY cÖxwZ I fv‡jvevmv w`‡q me gvby‡li ü`q Rq Ki‡Z cvivB mwZ¨Kvi gbyl¨Z¡| †h
†KD Zuvi cÖwZ kÎ‪Zv Ki‡Z cÖqvmx †nvK bv †Kb, cÖwZ`v‡b wZwb †`‡eb ggZv I fv‡jvevmv| †KD hw`
Kwei Ni †f‡O †`q, Zuv‡K NiQvov K‡i, Z‡e cÖwZ`v‡b wZwb Zvi Ni euvavi Kv‡R eªZx n‡eb| Zv‡K
Avcb K‡i cvIqvi Rb¨ c‡_ c‡_ Nyi‡eb| †KD hw` Zuvi ÿwZ K‡i, wbôyi AvPiY K‡i wKsev KwVb
AvNv‡Z AšÍi‡K RR©wiZ K‡i, Kwe Zv‡Z ÿyä ev ÿyYœ n‡eb bv| cÖwZ`v‡b wZwb †`‡eb eyKfiv ggZv|
KuvUvi e`‡j †`‡eb dz‡ji gvjv| †h hZB wegyL †nvK, Zuvi cÖv‡Y hZB AvNvZ w`K bv †Kb, wZwb
wbwØ©avq Zv mn¨ Ki‡eb| mKj kÎ‪Zv, wnsmv-†Øl I wbôziZv‡K wZwb Rq Ki‡eb †cÖg, cÖxwZ, ggZv I
fv‡jvevmvi †Rv‡i| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvwU cvV K‡i wkÿv_©xiv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, AmvaviY cªxwZ I
fv‡jvevmv w`‡qB †Kej gvby‡li ü`q Rq Kiv hvq| d‡j Zuviv wnsmvi c_ cwinvi K‡i †cÖg, cÖxwZ I
ggZvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li gb Rq Ki‡eb|
109
†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv
kvgmyi ivngvb
†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨ †n ¯^vaxbZv,

†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨
Avi KZevi fvm‡Z n‡e i³-M½vq?
Avi KZevi †`L‡Z n‡e LvÐe`vnb?
Zzwg Avm‡e eÕ‡j, †n ¯^vaxbZv,
mvwKbv wewei Kcvj fvO‡jv,
wmuw_i wmu`yi gy‡Q †Mj nwi`vmxi|
kn‡ii ey‡K RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ G‡jv
`vb‡ei g‡Zv wPrKvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z
QvÎvevm, ew¯Í DRvo n‡jv| wiK‡qj&‡jm ivB‡dj
†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv
Avi †gwkbMvb LB †dvUv‡jv hÎZÎ|
Zzwg Avm‡e eÕ‡j, weaŸ¯Í cvovq cÖfyi ev¯‧wfUvi
fMœ¯Í‚‡c ùvwo‡q GKUvbv AvZ©bv` Ki‡jv GKUv KzKzi|
Zzwg Avm‡e eÕ‡j, †n ¯^vaxbZv
AeyS wkï nvgv¸wo w`‡jv wcZvgvZvi jv‡ki Ici|
†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv, †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨
Avi KZevi fvm‡Z n‡e i³M½vq?
Avi KZevi †`L‡Z n‡e LvÐe`vnb?
¯^vaxbZv, †Zvgvi R‡b¨ _yÌ‡i GK ey‡ov
D`vm `vIqvq eÕ‡m Av‡QbÑZuvi †Pv‡Li wb‡P Aciv‡nèi
110
`ye©j Av‡jvi wSwjK, evZv‡m bo‡Q Pzj|
¯^vaxbZv, †Zvgvi R‡b¨
†gvjøvevwoi GK weaev ùvwo‡q Av‡Q
boe‡o LyuwU aÕ‡i `» N‡ii|
¯^vaxbZvÑ†Zvgvi R‡b¨
nvwÇmvi GK Abv_ wK‡kvix k~b¨ _vjv nv‡Z
eÕ‡m Av‡Q c‡_i av‡i|
†Zvgvi R‡b¨,
mMxi Avjx, kvnevRcy‡ii †mB †Rvqvb K…lK,
†Kó `vm, †R‡jcvovi me‡P‡q mvnmx †jvKUv,
gZje wgqv, †gNbv b`xi `ÿ gvwS,
MvRx MvRx eÕ‡j †h †b․Kv Pvjvq DÏvg S‡o
iy¯Íg †kL, XvKvi wiKkvIqvjv, hvi dzmdzm
GLb †cvKvi `L‡j
Avi ivB‡dj Kuv‡a e‡b-R½‡j Ny‡i-†eov‡bv
†mB †ZRx ZiyY hvi c`fv‡i
GKwU bZzb c„w_exi Rb¥ nÕ‡Z P‡j‡QÑ
mevB Aaxi cÖZxÿv Ki‡Q †Zvgvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv|
c„w_exi GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ R¡jšÍ
†NvlYvi aŸwb-cÖwZaŸwb Zz‡j,
bZzb wbkvb Dwo‡q, `vgvgv evwR‡q w`wM¦w`K
GB evsjvq
†Zvgv‡K Avm‡ZB n‡e, †n ¯^vaxbZv|
Kwe cwiwPwZ
kvgmyi ivngvb 1929 mv‡ji XvKvq kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi •cZ…K wbevm biwms`x †Rjvi ivqcyiv
_vbvi cvovZjx MÖv‡g| wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mœvZK| Zuvi †ckv wQj mvsevw`KZv| ga¨weË bvMwiK
Rxe‡bi cÖZ¨vkv, nZvkv, wew‪QbœZv, •eivM¨ I msMÖvg Zuvi KweZvq mv_©Kfv‡e wea„Z n‡q‡Q| KweZvi
Dcgv I wPÎKí wbg©v‡Y wZwb cÖK…wZi Dci †hgb wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb, †Zgwb Zuvi KweZvi welq I
Dcv`vb g~jZ kni‡Kw›`ªK| Zuvi cÖavb Kve¨MÖš cÖ_g Mvb wØZxq g„Zzï Av‡M, †i․`ª K‡ivwU‡Z, weaŸ¯Í
bxwjgv, wbiv‡jv‡K wèï_, wbR evmf~‡g, e›`x wkwei †_‡K, `ytmg‡qi gy‡LvgywL, wdwi‡q bvI NvZK
111
KuvUv, GK ai‡bi AnsKvi, Avw`MšÍ bMœ càŸwb, Avwg Abvnvix, evsjv‡`k ¯^cœ `¨v‡L, †`k‡`ªvnx n‡Z
B‡‪Q K‡i, eyK Zvi evsjv‡`‡ki ü`q, M„nhy‡×i Av‡M BZ¨vw`| G Qvov Zuvi wKQz Abyev` KweZv I
wkï‡Zvl KweZv i‡q‡Q| wZwb 2006 mv‡j XvKvq g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
g~jfve
¯^vaxbZv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨ Avi KZ g~j¨ w`‡Z n‡eÑGB KweZvq Kwe GB mZ¨ cÖ‡kœi AvKv‡i wea„Z
K‡i‡Qb| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ evOvwj A‡bK Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q, A‡bK i³ w`‡q‡Q| A‡bK gv-†evb
wPiZ‡i Zuv‡ì AvcbRb nvwi‡q‡Qb| cvwK¯Ívwb Rjøv`‡ì wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡i, AwMœms‡hvM I jyUZiv‡R
ZQbQ n‡q †M‡Q GB Rbc`| Zv‡ì H bviKxq ZvÐe †_‡K cÖvY euvPv‡Z wf‡UgvwU †Q‡o‡Q †KvwU †KvwU
wbtm¤^j gvbyl| ¯^vaxbZv cvIqvi Rb¨ AeyS wkï Zvi gv‡K nvwi‡q‡Q| †f․‡MvwjK ¯^vaxbZv cvIqvi
Rb¨ GZ Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q †h evOvwj, Zviv †hb Gevi mwZ¨Kvi †mB ¯^vaxbZv cvq, GUvB Kwei
AvKv‫‫‬ÿv| wZwb G e¨vcv‡i Avkvev`xÑ mwZ¨Kv‡ii ¯^vaxbZv Avgv‡ì Avm‡eB| Zvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì PvB
bZzb †PZbv, PvB bZzb AvZ¥-Dcjwä, PvB bZzb A½xKvi| Zvn‡jB ¯^vaxbZvi ZiykvLv dy‡j-d‡j f‡i
DV‡e e‡j Kwei wek¦vm|
112
Aa¨vq 6
†QvUMí
gvby‡li Mí ejv I †kvbvi AvMÖn eû cÖvPxb| aŸwb ev AÿiwfwËK fvlv Avwe®‥v‡ii c~‡e© gvbyl ¸nvMv‡Î
ev Mv‡Qi evK‡j wewfbœ wPÎ Gu‡K g~jZ A‡bï Kv‡Q Zvi MíwU ej‡Z †P‡q‡Q †m†nvK evBmb wkKv‡ii
ev Rv`y wek¦v‡mi| cÖvPxb wg_ ev cyivY Kvwnwb g~jZ M‡íiB wewfbœ iKg‡di| BwjqvW-IwWwm ev
ivgvqY-gnvfvi‡Zi gnvKvwnwb¸‡jv M‡o D‡V‡Q AmsL¨ †QvU †QvU DcKvwnwb w`‡q| GB †QvU †QvU
DcKvwnwbi g‡a¨B nq‡Zv fwel¨‡Zi ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© †QvUM‡íi exR jywK‡q wQj| A‡b‡K †e․× RvZ‡K,
cÂZš¿ ev wn‡Zvc‡`‡k wKsev Ck‡ci M‡í †QvUM‡íi AvKi Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b †QvUMí
ej‡Z hv eywS, Zv mvwnZ¨-wkíi~‡ci AvaywbK GKUv Aeqe| eZ©gvb mg‡qi e¨¯Í I RwUj Rxebhvcb I
RxebwRÁvmvi ev¯ÍeZvq †QvUM‡íi Dc‡hvwMZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| AvK„wZMZ •ewk‡óï Kvi‡Y Dcb¨vm I
eo AvKv‡ii M‡íi Zzjbvq AvaywbK e¨¯Í gvby‡li Kv‡Q †QvUMí wcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q|
evsjv mvwn‡Zï me©vwaK RbwcÖq Ges cÖv‡Yv‪Qj kvLv n‡‪Q †QvUMí| bvivqY M‡½vcva¨v‡qi g‡Z,
Ò†QvUMí n‡‪Q cÖZxwZRvZ (Impression) GKwU mswÿß M`¨-Kvwnwb hvi Ab¨Zg e³e¨ †KvbI NUbv
ev cwi‡ek wKsev gvbwmKZv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i HK¨-msK‡Ui ga¨ w`‡q mgMÖZv jvf K‡i|Ó †QvUM‡íi
AvK…wZMZ we‡ePbv gyL¨ bq; eis cÖK…wZMZ I gg©MZ w`K wePvi K‡iB †QvUMí‡K mvwn‡Zï Ab¨vb¨
kvLv †_‡K Avjv`v Kiv nq| Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii †mvbvi Zix Kv‡eï Ôel©vhvcbÕ KweZvi Askwe‡kl
†QvUM‡íi msÁv wbi~c‡Yi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl Zvrch©gqÑ
†Qv‡Uv cÖvY, †Qv‡Uv e¨_v, †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv `ytL K_v
wbZvšÍB mnR mij
mnmª we¯§„wZivwk cÖZ¨n †h‡Z‡Q fvwm
Zvwi `yÕPvwiwU AkÖyRj|
bvwn eY©bvi QUv NUbvi NbNUv
bvwn ZË¡ bvwn Dc‡`k|
AšÍ‡i AZ…wß i‡e mv½ Kwi g‡b n‡e
†kl n‡q nBj bv †klÑ
113
†QvUM‡íi •ewkó¨
†QvUMí †jL‡Ki AvZ¥m‡PZb m„wó| Ô†kl n‡q nBj bv †klÕÑGB cO&w³wUi g‡a¨ †QvUM‡íi †g․wjK
•ewkó¨ e¨wÄZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov †QvUM‡í wbgœewY©Z •ewkó¨mg~n jÿYxqÑ
e¨Äbvawg©Zv : mvaviYZ KweZvi †ÿ‡Î e¨Äbvi e¨vcviwU jÿYxq n‡jI †QvUM‡íI Gi D¾¡j Dcw¯wZ
jÿ Kiv hvq| eY©bvfw½i ¯^Zš¿ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨B KLbI KLbI †QvUM‡íi kã¸‪Q ev evK¨ Zvi A_©‡K
Qvwo‡q Mfxi fvee¨Äbvq g~Z© n‡q I‡V|
mymse×Zv : †QvUM‡íi fvlv, PwiÎ I NUbvi web¨vm n‡q _v‡K mymse× I my`„p| cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³
†Kv‡bv NUbv I Pwi‡Îi ¯vb †QvUM‡í G‡Kev‡iB _v‡K bv|
ms‡e`bkxjZv : †QvUMí RxebNwbô wkíi~c| G‡Z †jL‡Ki ms‡e`bkxj gvbwmKZvi cwic~Y© cÖKvk
N‡U _v‡K|
Rxe‡bi LÐ Ask : †QvUM‡íi K¨vbfv‡m g~Z© nq e„nr RxebcÖev‡ni GKwU LwÐZ imNb gyn~Z©| Avi G
gyn~Z©wUi engvbZv n‡q _v‡K `ªyZMwZm¤úbœ|
Pig gyn~Z© : bvU‡Ki Z…Zxq A‡¼ †hgb NUbvi Pig DrKh© ev K¬vB‡g· i~c cvq, †QvUM‡íI †Zgwb
GKwU Pig gyn~Z© jÿ Kiv hvq| GB ch©v‡q cvV‡Ki Bw›`ªq AZ¨šÍ mwµq n‡q c‡o cieZ©x cwiYwZ
Rvbvi cÖZ¨vkvq|
AvKv‫‫‬ÿvi AZ…wß : GB •ewkó¨wU `„wó‡MvPi nq M‡íi †kl cwiYwZ‡Z| `„k¨Z MíwU †kl n‡q †M‡jI
cvV‡Ki g‡b GKwU AZ…wß‡eva †_‡KB hvq| Gici Kx n‡jv, Kx n‡Z cv‡iÑG wel‡q cvVK fve‡Z ïiæ
K‡i| e¯‧Z GwUB †QvUM‡íi mv_©K cwiYwZ I cÖavb •ewkó¨|
†QvUM‡íi †kªwYwefvM
Rxe‡bi wewPÎ LÐwPÎ wb‡q †QvUM‡íi f~eb AvewZ©Z e‡j †QvUMí ¯^Zš¿ I •ewP‡Î¨ web¨¯Í| G Kvi‡Y
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó †kÖwYKi‡Y †QvUMí‡K aiv `yiƒn| Zey wewfbœ Av‡jvPK I mgv‡jvPK wb‡¤œv³fv‡e
†QvUMí‡K †kÖwYKiY K‡i‡QbÑ
1. †ivgvw›UK cÖY‡qi Mí, 2.mgvRmgm¨v I mgvRmsKUag©x Mí, 3. `vk©wbK I gb¯ÍvwË¡K Mí, 4.
cÖK…wZ I gvbeRxebmsµvšÍ Mí, 5. i~cK ev mvs‡KwZK Mí, 6. civev¯Íe ev AwZcÖvK…Z welqK Mí, 7.
Rv`yev¯ÍeZvag©x Mí, 8. e¨½im ev nvmïmvZ¥K Mí, 9. HwZnvwmK ev Kí‣eÁvwbK Mí, 10. inm¨ ev
†Mv‡q›`v Mí BZ¨vw`|
evsjv †QvUM‡íi D™¢e I weKvk
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †QvUM‡íi D™¢e cvðvZ¨ mvwn‡Zï cªfv‡e| evsjv M‡`ï weKv‡ki mv‡_ †h‡nZ z evsjv
†QvUMí m¤úwK©Z, †m‡nZz evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †QvUM‡íi D™¢e nq wej‡¤^| ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq I mÄxeP›`ª
P‡Ævcva¨vq †QvU AvKw…Zi Mí wjL‡jI Zv‡K †QvUMí ejv nqwb| KviY AvKw…Z‡Z †QvU n‡jB Zv‡K
114
†QvUMí ejv hvq bv, †QvUM‡íi cÖK…wZI wfbœ| cÖK…wZi w`K †_‡K ¯^Y©Kzgzvix †èxB (1855-1932)
cÖ_g m‡PZbfv‡e evsjv †QvUMí iPbv K‡ib| imcÖK…wZi w`K †_‡K Zvu‡K mv_K© ¯ªóv ejv hvq bv,
†m‡ÿ‡Î b‡M›`ªbv_ ¸ß (1861-1940) A‡bKvs‡k mv_K© | e¯‧Z cvÖ_wgK chv©‡qi evsjv
†QvUMíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ mw„ókxjZvq •Î‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1847-1919) wKQUzv ¯^Z‡š¿i ¯^vÿi
ivL‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e G mZ¨ Ab¯^xKvh© †h, evsjv mvwn‡Zï Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi g‡Zv evsjv †QvUM‡íi
mv_K©Zg ic~Kvi iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi (1861-1941)| †Kej msL¨vi w`K †_‡K bq, welq •ewP‡Î¨,
fvem¤ú‡` I Avw½K wbgv©‡Y wZwb wek^gv‡ci †QvUMíKvi iƒ‡c bw›`Z nb| iex›`ªbv_myix MíKvi‡ì
nv‡Z A‡bK Mí iwPZ n‡jI wfbœ gvÎv I wfbœ gb‡b iwPZ n‡q‡Q wZwi‡kvËi MíKvi‡ì Mí¸‡jv|
mMyfxi Rxeb`kb© I Rxebv`‡ki© cÖwZfvwm× ¯ú‡k© Zuv‡ì Mí¸‡jv D¾¡j| †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ (1904-
1988), AwPšÍ¨ Kgzvi †mb¸ß (1903-1976), Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1898-1971), e×y‡è emy
(1908-1974), KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1999-1976), •kjRvb›` gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1900-1976), gvwbK
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1908-1956), cgÖ _bv_ wekx (1901-1985), wef~wZf~lY gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1896-1987),
wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1894-1950), RM`xkP›`ª ¸ß (1886-1957), ebdjz ev ejvBPvu`
gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1899-1976), g‡bvR emy (1901-1987), Ab`œvk¼i ivq (1904-2002), •mq`
gRyZev Avjx (19051973) cÖg~L evsjv †QvUM‡íi gvb I cwiwa F× K‡i‡Qb| G avivi c_cwiµgvq
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMíI wbR¯^ AvKw…Z I cÖK„wZ‡Z µgk weKvkgvb|
115
†ZvZv-Kvwnbx
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
1
GK †h wQj cvwL| †m wQj g~L©| †m Mvb MvwnZ, kv¯¿ cwoZ bv| jvdvBZ, DwoZ; RvwbZ bv Kvq`v-
Kvbyb Kv‡K e‡j| ivRv ewj‡jb, ÔGgb cvwL †Zv Kv‡R jv‡M bv, A_P e‡bi dj LvBqv ivRnv‡U d‡ji
evRv‡i †jvKmvb NUvq|Õ
gš¿x‡K WvwKqv ewj‡jb, ÔcvwLUv‡K wkÿv `vI|Õ
2
ivRvi fvwMbv‡ì Dci fvi cwoj cvwLUv‡K wkÿv wèvi| cwÐ‡Ziv ewmqv A‡bK wePvi Kwi‡jb|
cÖkœUv GB, ÔD³ Rx‡ei Awe`¨vi KviY Kx?Õ wm×všÍ nBj, mvgvb¨ LoKzUv w`qv cvwL †h evmv euv‡a †m
evmvq we`¨v †ewk a‡i bv| ZvB mK‡ji Av‡M ìKvi, fv‡jv Kwiqv LuvPv evbvBqv †Ìqv|
ivRcwÐ‡Ziv `wÿYv cvBqv Lywk nBqv evmvq wdwi‡jb|
3
m¨vKiv ewmj †mvbvi LuvPv evbvB‡Z| LuvPvUv nBj Ggb Avðh© †h, †`wLevi Rb¨ †`k-we‡`‡ki †jvK
SuywKqv cwoj| †Kn e‡j, Ôwkÿvi G‡Kev‡i nÏgyÏ|Õ †Kn e‡j, Ôwkÿv hw` bvI nq, LuvPv †Zv nBj|
cvwLi Kx Kcvj|Õ m¨vKiv _wj †evSvB Kwiqv eKwkk cvBj| Lywk nBqv †m ZLwb cvwo w`j evwoi
w`‡K| cwÐZ ewm‡jb cvwL‡K we`¨v wkLvB‡Z| bm¨ jBqv ewj‡jb, ÔAí cuyw_i Kg© bq|Õ
fvwMbv ZLb cuyw_-wjLK‡ì Zje Kwi‡jb| Zvnviv cuyw_i bKj Kwiqv Ges bK‡ji bKj Kwiqv
ce©ZcÖgvY Kwiqv Zzwjj| †h †`wLj †mB ewjj, Ôkvevk! we`¨v Avi a‡i bv!Õ
wjwcK‡ii `j cvwi‡ZvwlK jBj ej` †evSvB Kwiqv| ZLwb N‡ii w`‡K †`․o w`j| Zvnv‡ì msmv‡i
Avi UvbvUvwb iwnj bv|
A‡bK `v‡gi LuvPvUvi Rb¨ fvwMbv‡ì Lei`vwii mxgv bvB| †givgZ †Zv jvwMqvB Av‡Q| Zvi c‡i
Svov †gvQv cvwjk-Kivi NUv †`wLqv mK‡jB ewjj, ÔDbœwZ nB‡Z‡Q|Õ
†jvK jvwMj we¯Íi Ges Zvnv‡ì Dci bRi ivwLevi Rb¨ †jvK jvwMj Av‡iv we¯Íi| Zvnviv gvm-gvm
gyVv-gyVv Zb&Lv cvBqv wmÜzK †evSvB Kwij|
Zvnviv Ges Zvnv‡ì gvgv‡Zv LyoZz‡Zv gvmZz‡Zv fvBiv Lywk nBqv †KvVv-evjvLvbvq Mw` cvwZqv ewmj|
4
msmv‡i Ab¨ Afve A‡bK Av‡Q, †Kej wb›`yK Av‡Q h‡_ó| Zvnviv ewjj, ÔLuvPvUvi DbœwZ nB‡Z‡Q,
wKšÍz cvwLUvi Lei †Kn iv‡L bv|Õ
116
K_vUv ivRvi Kv‡b †Mj| wZwb fvwMbv‡K WvwKqv ewj‡jb, ÔfvwMbv, G wK K_v ïwb!Õ fvwMbv ewjj,
ÔgnvivR, mZ¨ K_v hw` ïwb‡eb Z‡e WvKzb m¨vKiv‡ì, cwÐZ‡ì, wjwcKi‡ì; WvKzb hvnviv †givgZ
K‡i Ges †givgZ Z`viK Kwiqv †eovq| wb›`yK¸‡jv LvB‡Z cvq bv ewjqvB g›` K_v e‡j|Õ
Reve ïwbqv ivRv Ae¯vUv cwi®‥vi eywS‡jb, Avi ZLwb fvwMbvi Mjvq †mvbvi nvi Pwoj|
5
wkÿv †h Kx fqsKi †Z‡R Pwj‡Z‡Q, ivRvi B‪Qv nBj ¯^qs †`wL‡eb| GKw`b ZvB cvÎ wgÎ AgvZ¨
jBqv wkÿvkvjvq wZwb ¯^qs Avwmqv Dcw¯Z| †`Dwoi Kv‡Q Agwb evwRj kuvL NÈv XvK †Xvj Kvov
bvKvov Zzwi †fwi `vgvgv Kuvwm euvwk Kuvmi †Lvj KiZvj g„`½ RMS¤ú| cwÐ‡Ziv Mjv Qvwoqv, wUwK
bvwoqv, gš¿cv‡V jvwM‡jb| wgw¯¿ gRyi m¨vKiv wjwcKi Z`viK-bwek Avi gvgv‡Zv wcmZz‡Zv LyoZz‡Zv
Ges gvmZz‡Zv fvB RqaŸwb Zzwjj|
fvwMbv ewjj, ÔgnvivR, KvÐUv †`wL‡Z‡Qb?Õ
gnvivR ewj‡jb, ÔAvðh©! kã Kg bq!Õ
fvwMbv ewjj, Ôïay kã bq, wcQ‡b A_©I Kg bvB|Õ
ivRv Lywk nBqv †`Dwo cvi nBqv †hB nvwZ‡Z DwV‡eb Ggb mgq, wb›`yK wQj †Sv‡ci g‡a¨ Mv XvKv
w`qv, †m ewjqv DwVj, ÔgnvivR, cvwLUv‡K †`wLqv‡Qb wK?Õ
ivRvi PgK jvwMj; ewj‡jb, ÔH hv! g‡b †Zv wQj bv| cvwLUv‡K †`Lv nq bvB|Õ
wdwiqv Avwmqv cwÐZ‡K ewj‡jb, ÔcvwL‡K †Zvgiv †Kgb †kLvI Zvi Kvq`vUv †`Lv PvB|Õ
†`Lv nBj| †`wLqv e‡ov Lywk| Kvq`vUv cvwLUvi †P‡q GZ †ewk e‡ov †h, cvwLUv‡K †`LvB hvq bv;
g‡b nq, Zv‡K bv †`wL‡jI P‡j| ivRv eywS‡jb, Av‡qvR‡bi ÎæwU bvB| LuvPvq `vbv bvB, cvwb bvB;
†Kej ivwk ivwk cuyw_ nB‡Z ivwk ivwk cvZv wQuwoqv Kj‡gi WMv w`qv cvwLi gy‡Li g‡a¨ Vvmv nB‡Z‡Q|
Mvb †Zv eÜB - PxrKvi Kwievi duvKUzKz ch©šÍ †evRv| †`wL‡j kix‡i †ivgvÂ nq|
Gev‡i ivRv nvwZ‡Z Pwoevi mgq Kvbgjv m`©vi‡K ewjqv w`‡jb, wb›`y‡Ki †hb Av‪Qv Kwiqv Kvb
gwjqv †Ìqv nq|
6
cvwLUv w`‡b w`‡b f`ª`¯‧i-g‡Zv Avagiv nBqv Avwmj| Awffve‡Kiv eywSj, †ek AvkvRbK| Zey
¯^fve‡`v‡l mKvj †ejvi Av‡jvi w`‡K cvwL Pvq Avi Ab¨vq iK‡g cvLv SU&cU& K‡i| Ggb-wK, GK-
GKw`b †`Lv hvq, †m Zvi †ivMv †VuvU w`qv LuvPvi kjv KvwUevi †Póvq Av‡Q|
†Kv‡Zvqvj ewjj, ÔGwK †eqv`we!Õ
117
ZLb wkÿvgn‡j nvci nvZzwo Av¸b jBqv Kvgvi Avwmqv nvwRi| Kx `gvÏg wcUvwb| †jvnvi wkKj
•Zwi nBj, cvwLi WvbvI †Mj KvUv| ivRvi m¤^Üxiv gyL nuvwo Kwiqv gv_v bvwoqv ewjj, ÔG iv‡R¨
cvwL‡ì †Kej †h Av‡°j bvB Zv bq, K…ZÁZvI bvB|Õ
ZLb cwÐ‡Ziv GK nv‡Z Kjg, GK nv‡Z mowK jBqv, Ggwb KvÐ Kwij hvnv‡K e‡j wkÿv|
Kvgv‡ii cmvi evwoqv KvgviwMwbœi Mv‡q †mvbv`vbv Pwoj Ges †Kv‡Zvqv‡ji ûuwkqvwi †`wLqv ivRv
Zvnv‡K wk‡ivcv w`‡jb|
7
cvwLUv gwij| †Kvb&Kv‡j †h, †KD Zv Vvni Kwi‡Z cv‡i bvB| wb›`yK j²xQvov iUvBj, ÔcvwL
gwiqv‡Q|Õ fvwMbv‡K WvwKqv ivRv ewj‡jb, ÔfvwMbv, G wK K_v ïwb!Õ fvwMbv ewjj, ÔgnvivR, cvwLUvi
wkÿv cy‡iv nBqv‡Q|Õ ivRv ïavB‡jb, ÔI wK Avi jvdvq?Õ fvwMbv ewjj, ÔAv‡i ivg!Õ
ÔAvi wK D‡o?Õ
Ôbv|Õ
ÔAvi wK Mvb Mvq?Õ
Ôbv|Õ
Ô`vbv bv cvB‡j Avi wK †PuPvq?Õ Ôbv|Õ ivRv ewj‡jb, ÔGKevi cvwLUv‡K Av‡bv †Zv, †`wL|Õ cvwL
Avwmj| m‡½ †Kv‡Zvqvj Avwmj, cvBK Avwmj, †NvomIqvi Avwmj|
ivRv cvwLUv‡K wUwc‡jb| †m nuv Kwij bv, ûu Kwij bv| †Kej Zvi †c‡Ui g‡a¨ cuyw_i ïK‡bv cvZv
Lm&Lm& MR&MR& Kwi‡Z jvwMj| evwn‡i be em‡šÍi `wÿY nvIqvq wKkjq¸wj `xN©wbk¦v‡m gyKzwjZ e‡bi
AvKvk AvKzj Kwiqv w`j|
†jLK cwiwPwZ
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 1861 mv‡ji 7 †g (25 •ekvL 1268 e½vã) KjKvZvi weL¨vZ †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi
cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKyi I wcZvgn wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi| iex›`ªbv_
VvKz‡ii cwiev‡i mvwnZ¨ Ges ag© I `k©b PP©vi Pj wQj| iex›`ªbv_ •kk‡e mvwnZ¨ I mvs¯‥…wZK
cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j †e‡o I‡Vb| cÖvwZôvwbK cov‡jLvi cÖwZ Zuvi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn wQj bv| d‡j
cªvwZôvwbK cov‡jLvi †Kv‡bv wWwMÖ Zuvi wQj bv| wKš‧ wZwb wQ‡jb mKj A‡_©B GK we¯§qKi cÖwZfvai
e¨w³| evsjv fvlv, mvwnZ¨, wkÿv-ms¯‥…wZi mKj †ÿÎ Zuvi cÖwZfvi †Quvqvq weKwkZ I cwic~Y©Zv jvf
K‡i| wZwbB cÖ_g evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨‡K AvšÍRv© wZK cwigÐ‡j †cu․‡Q †`b| wbZvšÍ •kk‡e
iex›`ªbv‡_i mvwnZ¨ cªwZfvi ùyiY N‡U| gvÎ 15 eQi eq‡m Zuvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš ebdzj cÖKvwkZ nq|
Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ Kve¨MÖ‡ši g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q gvbmx, †mvbvi Zix, wPÎv, Kíbv, ÿwYKv, ejvKv BZ¨vw`|
Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †Pv‡Li evwj, †Mviv, N‡i evB‡i, †hvMv‡hvM, †k‡li KweZv BZ¨vw`|
†QvUMí msKj‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Mí¸‪Q| GQvov bvUK, cÖeÜ, wPÎKjvÑmewKQz wgwj‡q Zuvi i‡q‡Q
wekvj m„wóm¤¢vi| wZwb 1913 mv‡j MxZvÄwj Kve¨MÖ‡ši Rb¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib| GB gnvb
¯ªóv 1941 mv‡ji 7 AvM÷ (22‡k kªveY, 1348 e½vã) †`nvšÍwiZ nb|
118
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fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ Jcwb‡ewkK wkÿveë¯vi GK wb`viæY KiæY wPÎ dz‡U I‡V‡Q iex›`ªbv_
VvKzi iwPZ Ô†ZvZv-KvwnbxÕ M‡í| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi hLb wkÿvq cÖ‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb, ZZw`‡b fviZxq
wkÿveë¯vq wkLb †kLv‡bvq Jcwb‡ewkK KvVv‡gv cy‡iv †Ru‡K e‡mwQj| G eë¯vi m„RbkxjZvnxbZv
I gyL¯wbf©iZv wkï iex›`ªbv_‡K ÿyä K‡i Zz‡jwQj| d‡j wZwb G eë¯v †_‡K cvwj‡q †eu‡P wQ‡jb|
cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb G eë¯vi K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPK n‡q I‡Vb| Ô†ZvZv-KvwnbxÕ A‡bKUv GiB cÖwZwµqvq
†jLv| G M‡íi †fZi w`‡q wZwb wkïi ¯^vfvweK weKv‡ki AšÍivq, cÖvYnxb gyL¯wbf©i, cuyw_me©¯^
wkÿveë¯vi e¨½wPÎ A¼b K‡i‡Qb| G M‡í Avgiv GKwU cÖvYPÂj, msMxZwcÖq cvwL‡K wkÿv †èvi
bv‡g LuvPvq ew›` K‡i cuyw_i ï®‥ c„ôv wMwj‡q nZ¨vi wPÎ †`L‡Z cvB| Gi gva¨‡g g~jZ ¯‥zj bvgK
Pvi‡`qv‡j ew›` wkï‡ì gyL¯we`¨v †kLv‡bvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì ¯^vfvweK weKvk I m„RbkxjZv‡K nZ¨vi
wPÎB dy‡U D‡V‡Q| cvkvcvwk ivR-ìev‡ii AcPq, `yb©xwZ I ¯^RbcÖxwZi †K․ZzKKi wPÎI G M‡í
cÖZxKvwqZ n‡q‡Q|
119
cuyB gvPv
wef~wZf~lY e‡›`¨vcva¨q
mnvqnwi PvUz‡¾ DVv‡b cv w`‡qB ¯¿x‡K ewj‡jb-GKUv eo evwU wK NwU hv nq wKQy `vI †Zv, ZviK
Ly‡ov MvQ †K‡U‡Q, GKUz fv‡jv im Avwb|
¯¿x Abœc~Y©v L‡oi ivbœvN‡ii `vIqvq ewmqv kxZKv‡ji mKvj‡ejv bvwi‡Kj †Z‡ji †evZ‡j SuvUvi KvwV
cywiqv `yB AvOy‡ji mvnv‡h¨ SuvUvi KvwVjMœ Rgv‡bv †ZjUzKz msMÖn Kwiqv Pz‡j gvLvB‡Z wQ‡jb| ¯^vgx‡K
†`wLqv ZvovZvwo Mv‡qi Kvco GKUz Uvwbqv w`‡jb gvÎ, wKš‧ evwU wK NwU evwni Kwiqv wèvi Rb¨
we›`ygvÎ AvMÖn †Zv †`LvB‡jb bv, Ggb wK we‡kl †Kv‡bv K_vI ewj‡jb bv| mnvqnwi AMÖeZ©x nBqv
ewj‡jb-wK n‡q‡Q, e‡m iB‡j †h? `vI bv GKUv NwU? Avt, †ÿwšÍ-†UwšÍ me †Kv_vq †Mj Giv? Zzwg
†Zj †g‡L eywS †Quv‡e bv?
Abœc~Y©v †Z‡ji †evZjwU mivBqv ¯^vgxi w`‡K LvwbKÿY Pvwnqv iwn‡jb, c‡i AZ¨šÍ kvšÍ my‡i
wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb-Zzwg g‡b g‡b wK VvD‡iQ ej‡Z cvi?
¯¿xi AwZwi³ iK‡gi kvšÍ my‡i mnvqnwii g‡b fxwZi mÂvi nBj-Bnv †h S‡oi AeëwnZ c~‡e©i
AvKv‡ki w¯ifve gvÎ, Zvnv eywSqv wZwb gwiqv nBqv S‡oi cÖZxÿvq iwn‡jb| GKUz Avg&Zv Avg&Zv
Kwiqv Kwn‡jb-†Kb...wK Avevi...wK...
Abœc~Y©v c~e©v‡cÿvI kvšÍ my‡i ewj‡jb-†`L, i½ †Kv‡iv bv ejwQ-b¨vKvwg Ki‡Z nq Ab¨ mgq †Kv‡iv|
Zzwg wKQy Rvb bv, bvwK wKQy †LuvR ivL bv? AZ eo †g‡q hvi N‡i, †m gvQ a‡i Avi im †L‡q w`b
KvUvq wK K‡i Zv ej‡Z cvi? Muv‡q wK ¸Re i‡U‡Q Rvb?
mnvqnwi Avðh© nBqv wRÁvmv Kwi‡jbÑ†Kb? wK ¸Re?
ÑwK ¸Re wRÁvmv K‡iv wM‡q †P․ayix‡ì evwo| †Kej evM`x-`y‡j cvovq Ny‡i Ny‡i Rb¥ KvUv‡j
fÏi‡jv‡Ki Muv‡q evm Kiv hvq bv|-mgv‡R _vK‡Z n‡j †mB iKg †g‡b Pj‡Z nq|
mnvqnwi wew¯§Z nBqv wK ewj‡Z hvB‡ZwQ‡jb, Abœc~Y©v c~e©er my‡iB cybe©vi ewjqv DwV‡jbÑGKN‡i
Ki‡e †Mv, †Zvgv‡K GKN‡i Ki‡e, Kvj †P․ayix‡ì PÐxgÐ‡c Gme K_v n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì nv‡Z †Quvqv
Rj Avi †KD Lv‡e bv| Avkxe©v` n‡q †g‡qi we‡q n‡jv bv-I bvwK D‪QyMMy Kiv †g‡q-Muv‡qi †Kv‡bv
Kv‡R †Zvgv‡K Avi †KD †h‡Z ej‡e bv-hvI, fv‡jvB n‡q‡Q †Zvgvi| GLb wM‡q `y‡j-evwo evM`x-
evwo D‡V-e‡m w`b KvUvI|
mnvqnwi Zvw‪Q‡jï fve cÖKvk Kwiqv ewj‡jb-GB! Avwg ewj, bv Rvwb wK e¨vcvi| GKN‡i! mevB
GKN‡i K‡i‡Qb, Gevi evwK Av‡Qb Kvjxgq VvKzi!-It!...
Abœc~Y©v †Z‡j-†e¸‡b R¡wjqv DwV‡jb-†Kb, †Zvgv‡K GKN‡i Ki‡Z †ewk wKQy jv‡M bvwK? Zzwg wK
mgv‡Ri gv_v, bv GKRb gvZeŸi †jvK? Pvj †bB, Pz‡jv †bB, GK Kovi gy‡iv` †bB, †P․ayixiv †Zvgvq
120
GKN‡i Ki‡e Zv Avi Ggb KwVb K_v wK?-Avi mwZ¨B †Zv, Gw`‡K avwo †g‡q n‡q DVj|...nVvr ¯î
bvgvBqv ewj‡jb-n‡jv †h c‡b‡iv eQ‡ii, evB‡i Kwg‡q e‡j †eov‡j wK n‡e, †jv‡Ki †PvL
†bB?...cybivq Mjv DVvBqv ewj‡jb-bv we‡q †èvi Mv, bv wKQy| Avwg wK hve cvËi wVK Ki‡Z?
mkix‡i hZÿY ¯¿xi m¤§y‡L eZ©gvb _vwK‡eb, ¯¿xi Mjvi myi ZZÿY Kwgevi †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv bvB eywSqv
mnvqnwi `vIqv nB‡Z ZvovZvwo GKwU Kuvmvi evwU DVvBqv jBqv wLowK`yqvi jÿ¨ Kwiqv hvÎv
Kwi‡jb-wKš‧ wLowK-`yqv‡ii GKUz Gw`‡K wK †`wLqv nVvr _vwgqv †M‡jb Ges Avb›`c~Y© ¯^‡i ewjqv
DwV‡jb-Gme wK †i! †ÿwšÍ gv, Gme †Kv_v †_‡K Avbwj? It! G †h...
†PvÏ-c‡bi eQ‡ii GKwU †g‡q Avi `ywU †QvU †QvU †g‡q wcQ‡b jBqv evwo XywKj| Zvnvi nv‡Z GK
†evSv cuyB kvK, WuvUv¸wj †gvUv I nj‡`, nj‡` †Pnviv †`wLqv g‡b nq Kvnviv cvKv cuyB MvQ DcovBqv
†dwjqv DVv‡bi R½j Zzwjqv w`‡ZwQj, †g‡qwU Zvnv‡ì DVv‡bi RÄvj cÖvYc‡Y Zzwjqv Avwbqv‡Q| †QvU
†g‡q `ywUi g‡a¨ GKR‡bi nvZ Lvwj, AciwUi nv‡Z †MvUv `yB-wZb cvKv cuyBcvZv Rov‡bv †Kv‡bv `ªe¨|
eo †g‡qwU Lye j¤^v, †MvjMvj †Pnviv, gv_vi Pzj¸‡jv i‪ÿ I A‡MvQv‡jv-evZv‡m Dwo‡Z‡Q, gyLLvbv
Lye eo, †PvL `y‡Uv WvMi WvMi I kvšÍ| mi‪ mi‪ Kv‡Pi Pzwo¸‡jv `yÕcqmv WR‡bi GKwU †mdwUwcb
w`qv GKÎ Kwiqv AvUKv‡bv| wcbwUi eqm LuywR‡Z hvB‡j cÖv‣MwZnvwmK hy‡M wMqv cwo‡Z nq| GB eo
†g‡qwUi bvgB †eva nq †ÿwšÍ, KviY †m ZvovZvwo wcQb wdwiqv Zvnvi cðvØwË©bxi nvZ nB‡Z cuyBcvZv
Rov‡bv `ªe¨wU jBqv †gwjqv awiqv ewjj-wPswo gvQ, evev| Mqv Lywoi KvQ †_‡K iv¯Ívq wbjvg, w`‡Z
Pvq bv, e‡j-†Zvgvi evevi Kv‡Q Avi-w`bKvi ìæb `y‡Uv cqmv evwK Av‡Q; Avwg ejjvg-`vI Mqv
wcmx, Avgvi evev wK †Zvgvi `yÕUv cqmv wb‡q cvwj‡q hv‡e-Avi GB cuyBkvK¸‡jv...Nv‡Ui av‡i ivq
KvKv w`‡q ej‡j, wb‡q hv-†Kgb †gvUv †gvUv...
Abœc~Y©v `vIqv nB‡ZB AZ¨šÍ Suv‡Ri mwnZ wPrKvi Kwiqv DwV‡jb-wb‡q hv! Avnv, wK AgZ©B †Zvgv‡K
Zviv w`‡q‡Q cvKv cuyBWuvUv KvV n‡q wM‡q‡Q, `yw`b c‡i †d‡j w`Z...wb‡q hv, Avi Dwb Zv‡ì AvMvQv
DwV‡q wb‡q G‡m‡Qb-fv‡jvB n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì Avi wb‡R‡ì Kó K‡i KvU‡Z n‡jv bv...hZ cv_y‡i †evKv
me gi‡Z Av‡m Avgvi Nv‡o...avox †g‡q, e‡j w`‡qwQ bv †Zvgvq evwoi evB‡i †Kv_vI cv wÌ bv?
j¾v K‡i bv G-cvov †m-cvov K‡i †eov‡Z! we‡q n‡j †h Pvi †Q‡ji gv n‡Z? LvIqvi bv‡g Avi Ávb
_v‡K bv, bv?... †Kv_vq kvK, †Kv_vq †e¸b; Avi GKRb †eov‡‪Qb-†Kv_vq im, †Kv_vq QvB, †Kv_vq
cuvk...†dj ejwQ Ime...†dj&|
†g‡qwU kvšÍ A_P fqwgwkªZ `„wó‡Z gvi w`‡K Pvwnqv nv‡Zi euvab AvjMv Kwiqv w`j, cuyBkv‡Ki †evSv
gvwU‡Z cwoqv †Mj| Abœc~Y©v ewKqv Pwj‡jb-hv †Zv ivax, I Avc`¸‡jv †U‡b wLowKi cyKz‡ii av‡i
†d‡j w`‡q Avq †Zv...†di hw` evwoi evi n‡Z †`‡LwQ, Z‡e V¨vs †Luvov bv Kwi †Zv...
†evSv gvwU‡Z cwoqv wMqvwQj| †QvU †g‡qwU K‡ji cyZz‡ji gZb †m¸wj Zzwjqv jBqv wLowK Awfgy‡L
Pwjj, wKš‧ †QvU †g‡q AZ eo †evSv AuvKovB‡Z cvwij bv, A‡bK¸wj WuvUv Gw`‡K Iw`‡K Szwj‡Z
Szwj‡Z Pwjj|...mnvqnwii †Q‡j‡g‡qiv Zvnv‡ì gv‡K AZ¨šÍ fq KwiZ|
121
mnvqnwi AvgZv-AvgZv Kwiqv ewj‡Z †M‡jb-Zv G‡b‡Q †Q‡jgvbyl Lv‡e e‡j...Zzwg Avevi... eis...
cuyBkv‡Ki †evSv jBqv hvB‡Z hvB‡Z †QvU †g‡qwU wdwiqv ùvovBqv gvi gy‡Li w`‡K Pvwnj| Abœc~Y©v
Zvnvi w`‡K Pvwnqv ewj‡jb-bv bv, wb‡q hv, †L‡Z n‡e bv-†g‡qgvby‡li Avevi AZ †bvjv wK‡mi!
GKcvov †_‡K Avi GKcvovq wb‡q Avm‡e `y‡Uv cvKv cuyBkvK wf‡ÿ K‡i! hv, hv...ZzB hv, `~i K‡i
e‡b w`‡q Avq...
mnvqnwi eo †g‡qi gy‡Li w`‡K Pvwnqv †`wL‡jb, Zvnvi †PvL `y‡Uv R‡j fwiqv Avwmqv‡Q| Zvnvi g‡b
eo Kó nBj| wKš‧ †g‡qi hZB mv‡ai wRwbm †nvK, cuyBkv‡Ki cÿvej¤^b Kwiqv `ycyi †ejv ¯¿x‡K
PUvB‡Z wZwb Av‡`․ mvnmx nB‡jb bv-wbtk‡ã wLowK‡`vi w`qv evwni nBqv †M‡jb|
ewmqv iuvwa‡Z iuvwa‡Z eo †g‡qi gy‡Li KvZi `„wó ¯§i‡Y cwoevi m‡½ m‡½ Abœc~Y© vi g‡b cwojMZ
AiÜ‡bi c~e©w`b evwo‡Z cuyBkvK ivbœvi mgq †ÿwšÍ Ave`vi Kwiqv ewjqvwQj-gv, A‡a©K¸‡jv wKš‧ GKv
Avgvi, A‡a©K me wg‡j †Zvgv‡ì|
evwo‡Z †Kn wQj bv, wZwb wb‡R wMqv DVv‡bi I wLowK‡`v‡ii Av‡kcv‡k †h WuvUv cwoqvwQj, †m¸wj
KzovBqv jBqv Avwm‡jb-evwK¸wv Kzov‡bv hvq bv, †Wvevi av‡ii QvBMv`vq †dwjqv w`qv‡Q| Kz‡Pv wPswo
w`qv GBi~‡c Pzwc PzwcB cuyBkv‡Ki ZiKvwi iuvwa‡jb|
`ycyi †ejv †ÿwšÍ cv‡Z cuyBkv‡Ki P‪Pwo †`wLqv we¯§q I Avb›`c~Y© WvMi †Pv‡L gv‡qi w`‡K f‡q f‡q
Pvwnj| `yÕGK evi Gw`‡K Iw`‡K Nywiqv Avwm‡ZB Abœc~Y©v †`wL‡jb D³ cuyBkv‡Ki GKUzKivI Zvnvi
cv‡Z cwoqv bvB| cuyBkv‡Ki Dci Zuvnvi GB †g‡qwUi wKi~c †jvf Zvnv wZwb Rvwb‡Zb, wRÁvmv
Kwi‡jbÑwK‡i †ÿwšÍ, Avi GKUz P‪Pwo w`B? †ÿwšÍ ZrÿYvr Nvo bvwoqv G Avb›`RbK cÖ¯Íve mg_©b
Kwij| wK fvweqv Abœc~Y©vi †Pv‡L Rj Avwmj, Pvwc‡Z wMqv wZwb †PvL DuPz Kwiqv Pv‡ji evZvq †MuvRv
Wvjv nB‡Z ïKbv j¼v cvwo‡Z jvwM‡jb|
Kvjxg‡qi PÐxgÐ‡c †mw`b •eKvj †ejv mnvqnwii WvK cwoj| mswÿß f~wgKv duvwèvi ci Kvjxgq
D‡ËwRZ my‡i ewj‡jb-†m me w`b wK Avi Av‡Q fvqv? GB a‡iv, †Kó gyLy‡¾...¯^fve bB‡j cvÎ †è
bv, ¯^fve bB‡j cvÎ †è bv K‡i wK KvÐUvB Ki‡j-Ae‡k‡l wKbv nwii †Q‡jUv‡K a‡i c‡o †g‡qi
we‡q †`q, Z‡e i‡ÿ| Zviv wK ¯^fve? ivg e‡jv, Qq,mvZ cyiæ‡l f½, cPv †kªvwÎq! c‡i myi big
Kwiqv ewj‡jb-Zv mgv‡Ri †m me kvm‡bi w`b wK Avi Av‡Q? w`b w`b P‡j hv‡‪Q| †ewk`~i hvB †Kb,
GB †h †Zvgvi †g‡qwU †Z‡iv eQ‡ii...
mnvqnwi evav w`qv ewj‡Z †M‡jb-GB kªve‡Y †Z‡ivq...
-Avnv-nv, †Z‡ivq Avi †lv‡jvq Zdvr wK‡mi ïwb? †Z‡ivq Avi †lv‡jvq ZdvrUv wK‡mi? Avi †m
†Z‡ivB †nvK, PvB †lv‡jvB †nvK, PvB cÂvkB †nvK, Zv‡Z Avgv‡ì ìKvi †bB, †m †Zvgvi wn‡me
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Kiv †g‡q| Avkxe©v` nIqvI hv we‡q nIqvI Zv, mvZ cv‡Ki hv evwK, GB †Zv?...mgv‡R e‡m G-me
KvR¸‡jv Zzwg †h Ki‡e Avi Avgiv e‡m e‡m †`Le G Zzwg g‡b †f‡ev bv| mgv‡Ri evgyb‡ì hw` RvZ
gvievi B‡‪Q bv _v‡K, †g‡qi we‡qi e‡›`ve¯Í K‡i †dj...cvËi cvËi! ivRcyËzi bv n‡j wK cvËi †g‡j
122
bv? Mwie gvbyl, w`‡Z _y‡Z cvi‡e bv e‡jB kªxgšÍ gRyg`v‡ii †Q‡j‡K wVK K‡i w`jvg| †jLvcov bvB
ev Rvb‡j| RR †g‡Róvi bv n‡j wK gvbyl nq bv? w`we¨ evwo evMvb cyKzi, ïbjvg Gevi bvwK Kuywoi
Rwg‡Z PvwÆ Avgb-avbI K‡i‡Q, e¨mivRvi nvj! `yB fv‡qi Afve wK?...
BwZnvmUv nB‡Z‡Q GB †h, gwYMuv‡qi D³ gRyg`vi gnvk‡qi cyÎwU KvjxgqB wVK Kwiqv †`b| †Kb
Kvjxgq gv_v-e¨_v Kwiqv mnvqnwii †g‡qi we‡qi m¤^Ü gRyg`vi gnvk‡qi †Q‡ji m‡½ wVK Kwi‡Z
†M‡jb, Zvnvi KviY wb‡`©k Kwi‡Z hvBqv †Kn †Kn e‡jb †h, Kvjxgq bvwK gRyg`vi gnvk‡qi Kv‡Q
A‡bK UvKv av‡ib, A‡bKw`‡bi my` ch©šÍ evwK-kxNÖ bvwjk nB‡e, BZ¨vw`| G ¸Re †h ïay AevšÍi
ZvnvB b‡n, Bnvi †Kv‡bv wfwË Av‡Q ewjqvI g‡b nq bv| Bnv `yó c‡ÿi iUbv gvÎ| hvnvB nK
cvÎcÿ Avkxe©v` Kwiqv hvIqvi w`bKZK c‡i mnvqnwi †Ui cvb, cvÎwU K‡qK gvm c~‡e© wb‡Ri MÖ v‡g
wK GKUv Kwievi d‡j MÖv‡gi GK Kz¤¢Kviea~i AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi nv‡Z †e`g cÖnvi LvBqv wKQyw`b bvwK
kh¨vMZ wQj| G iKg cv‡Î †g‡q wèvi cÖ¯Íve gbtc~Z bv nIqvq mnvqnwi †m m¤^Ü fvw½qv †`b|
w`b `yB c‡ii K_v| mKv‡j DwVqv mnvqnwi DVv‡b evZvex †jeyi Mv‡Qi duvK w`qv †hUzKz wbZvšÍ KwP
ivOv †i․`ª AvwmqvwQj, ZvnviB AvZ‡c ewmqv Avcb g‡b ZvgvK Uvwb‡Z‡Qb| eo †g‡q †ÿwšÍ Avwmqv
Pzwc Pzwc ewjj-evev, hv‡e bv? gv Nv‡U †MjÑ
mnvqnwi GKevi evwoi cv‡k Nv‡Ui c‡_i w`‡K wK Rvwb †Kb Pvwnqv †`wL‡jb, c‡i wbgœ¯^‡i ewj‡jbhv
wkMwMi kvejLvbv wb‡q Avq w`wK! K_v †kl Kwiqv wZwb DrKÉvi mwnZ †Rv‡i †Rv‡i ZvgvK Uvwb‡Z
jvwM‡jb Ges cybivq GKevi wK Rvwb †Kb wLowKi w`‡K mZK© `„wó wb‡ÿc Kwi‡jb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖKvÐ
fvix GKUv †jvnvi kvej `yB nvZ w`qv AuvKovBqv awiqv †ÿwšÍ Avwmqv cwoj-Zrc‡i wcZv-cyÎx‡Z
mšÍc©‡Y m¤§y‡Li ìRv w`qv evwni nBqv †Mj| Bnv‡ì fve †`wLqv g‡b nB‡ZwQj-Bnviv Kvnv‡iv N‡i
wmua wèvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pwjqv‡Q|
Abœc~Y©v mœvb Kwiqv m‡e Kvco Qvwoqv Dbyb aivBevi †hvMvo Kwi‡Z‡Qb-gyLy‡¾ evwoi †QvU LywK `yM©v
Avwmqv ewjj-Lywogv, gv e‡j w`‡j Lywogv‡K wM‡q ej, gv †Quv‡e bv, Zzwg Avgv‡ì bevbœUv †g‡L Avi
BZzi NU¸‡jv evi K‡i w`‡q Avm‡e?
gyLy‡¾ evwo I-cvovq-hvBevi c‡_i euv av‡i GK RvqMvq †kIov, ebfvU, ivswPZv, ebPvjZv Mv‡Qi
Nb eb| kx‡Zi mKv‡j GK cÖKvi jZvcvZvi Nb MÜ eb nB‡Z evwni nB‡ZwQj| GKUv †jR‡Svjv
nj&‡` cvwL Avgov Mv‡Qi G-Wvj nB‡Z I-Wv‡j hvB‡Z‡Q|
`yM©v AvOyj w`qv †`LvBqv ewjj-Lywogv, Lywogv, H †h †Kgb cvwLUv|ÑcvwL †`wL‡Z wMqv Abœc~Y©v wKš‧
Avi GKUv wRwbm jÿ Kwi‡jb| Nb ebUvi g‡a¨ †Kv_vq GZÿY Lyc& Lyc& Kwiqv AvIqvR
nB‡ZwQj...†K †hb wK Luywo‡Z‡Q...`yM©vi K_vi c‡iB nVvr †mUv eÜ nBqv †Mj| Abœc~Y©v †mLv‡b
LvwbKÿY _gwKqv ùvovB‡jb, c‡i Pwj‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwi‡jb| Zuvnvi LvwbK`~i hvB‡Z bv hvB‡Z e‡bi
g‡a¨ cybivq Lyc& Lyc& kã Avi¤¢ nBj|
KvR Kwiqv wdwi‡Z Abœc~Y©vi wKQy wej¤^ nBj| evwo wdwiqv †`wL‡jb, †ÿwšÍ DVv‡bi †i․‡`ª ewmqv
†Z‡ji evwU m¤§y‡L jBqv †Luvcv Lywj‡Z‡Q| wZwb Zxÿè `„wó‡Z †g‡qi w`‡K Pvwnqv †`wLqv ivbœvN‡i wMqv
123
Dbyb aivBevi D‡`¨vM Kwi‡Z jvwM‡jb| †g‡q‡K ewj‡jb-GL‡bv bvB‡Z hvmwb †h, †Kv_vq wQwj
GZÿY?
†ÿwšÍ ZvovZvwo DËi w`jÑGB †h hvB gv, Gÿzwb hve Avi Avme| †ÿwšÍ mœvb Kwi‡Z hvBevi GKUzLvwb
c‡iB mnvqnwi †mvrmv‡n c‡b‡iv-†lv‡jv †mi fvix GKUv †g‡U Avjy Nv‡o Kwiqv †Kv_v nB‡Z Avwmqv
Dcw¯Z nB‡jb Ges m¤§y‡L ¯¿x‡K †`wLqv •Kwdq‡Zi `„wó‡Z †mB w`‡K PvwnqvB ewjqv DwV‡jb-IB I-
cvovi gqkv †P․wK`vi †ivRB e‡j-KZ©v-VvKzi, †Zvgvi evc _vK‡Z Zey gv‡m gv‡m Gw`‡K †Zvgv‡ì
cv‡qi ay‡jv coZ, Zv AvRKvj †Zv †Zvgiv Avi Avm bv, GB †eovi Mv‡q †g‡U Avjy K‡i †i‡LwQ, Zv
`v`vVvKzi eis...
Abœc~Y©v w¯i `„wó‡Z ¯^vgxi w`‡K Pvwnqv ewj‡jb-e‡ivR‡cvZvi e‡bi g‡a¨ e‡m LvwbK Av‡M wK KiwQ‡j
ïwb?
mnvqnwi AevK nBqv ewj‡jb-Avwg| bv...Avwg KLb?...Kÿ‡bv bv, GB †Zv Avwg| ...mnvqnwii fve
†`wLqv g‡b nB‡ZwQj wZwb GBgvÎ AvKvk nB‡Z cwoqv‡Qb|
Abœc~Y©v c~‡e©i g‡ZvB w¯i `„wó‡Z ¯^vgxi w`‡K Pvwnqv ewj‡jb-Pzwi †Zv Ki‡eB, wZb Kvj wM‡q‡Q GK
Kvj Av‡Q, wg_¨v K_v¸‡jv Avi GLb †ev‡jv bv| Avwg me Rvwb...g‡b †f‡ewQ‡j Avc` Nv‡U wM‡q‡Q
Avi wK...`yM©vi gv †W‡K cvwV‡qwQj, I-cvovq hvw‪Q, ïbjvg e‡ivR‡cvZvi e‡bi g‡a¨ wK me Lyc& Lyc&
kã...ZLwb Avwg eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ, mvov †c‡q kã eÜ n‡q †Mj, †hB Avevi LvwbK`~i †Mjvg Avevi
†`wL kã...†Zvgvi †Zv BnKvjI †bB, ciKvjI †bB, Pzwi Ki‡Z, WvKvwZ Ki‡Z, hv Ki‡Z B‡‪Q nq
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124
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127
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128
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mvwnZ¨ welq I Avw½‡K ¯^Zš¿ •ewk‡ó¨ D¾¡j| G AÂ‡ji ga¨weË wkwÿZ gymwjg mgv‡Ri Rb¨ c_
wb‡`©‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖeÜ-mvwnZ¨ GB wfbœ gvwÎKZv wb‡q AMÖmi n‡q‡Q| m½Z Kvi‡YB
BwZnvm, mgvR, ms¯‥…wZ, wkÿv, ivRbxwZ BZ¨vw` n‡q D‡V‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki cÖeÜ-mvwn‡Zï welq|
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖeÜ-mvwnZ¨‡K `yB c‡e© wef³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i : gyw³hy×-c~e©eZ©x Ge gyw³hy×-cieZ©x|
gyw³hy×-c~e©eZ©x cÖvewÜK‡ì g‡a¨ Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨wekvi`, †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb, W. gyn¤§`
knx`yjøvn, KvRx Avãyj I`y`, W. KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb, Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, †gvnv¤§` eiKZzjøvn,
†gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †P․ayix, Aveyj dRj, •mq` gyRZev Avjx cÖgy‡Li bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jLø‡hvM¨|
134
RvZxq †PZbvi D‡b¥l, evOvwj RvZxqZv‡eva, mvs¯‥…wZK HwZn¨, RvZxq RvMiY BZ¨vw` welq PP©vi
gva¨‡g ¯^Zš¿ RvwZmËvi wfZ wbg©vY GB mg‡qi cÖvewÜK‡ì jÿ¨| gyw³hy×-cieZ©x hy‡M Ave`yj nK,
W. Avng` kixd, W. Avwbmy¾vgvb, W. †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb, W. Ave`yjøvn AvjgyZx cÖgyL cÖvewÜK
beMwVZ iv‡óªi wewPÎ fvebv‡K mwbœ‡ewkZ Kivi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb| wel‡qi Awfbe‡Z¡i cvkvcvwk ¯^Zš¿
fvlvixwZi Dc¯vcbv GB mg‡qi cÖeÜ-mvwnZ¨‡K we‡kl gh©v`v `vb K‡i‡Q|
135
Kveyj hvÎv
•mq` gyRZev Avjx
Aviwe fvlvq GKwU cÖev` Av‡Q ÔB‡qvg& Dm& md&i, wbm&d& Dm& md&i&ÕÑA_©vr wKbv ÔhvÎvi w`bB A‡a©K
ågY|Õ c~e© evOjvqI GKB cÖev` cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| †mLv‡b ejv nq, ÔD‡Vvb mgy`ª †ciæ‡jB Av‡aK
gykwKj Avmvb|Õ Avng` Avjxi D‡Vvb †ciæ‡Z wM‡q Avgvi cv°v mvZw`b †K‡U †Mj| AvUw`‡bi w`b
mKvj‡ejv Avng` Avjx ¯^qs Avgv‡K GKLvbv ev‡m WªvBfv‡ii cv‡k ewm‡q Zv‡K Avgvi Rvb-gvj
euvPvevi Rb¨ we¯Íi wè¨w`jvkv w`‡q we`vq wb‡jb| nvIov †÷k‡b g‡b n‡qwQj ÔAvwg GKvÕ, GLb g‡b
nq ÔAvwg fq¼i GKvÕ| Ôfq¼i GKvÕ GB A‡_© †h Ô†bv g¨vb&m& j¨vÐÕB ejyb Avi Lvm AvdMvwb¯ÍvbB
ejyb, Gme RvqMvq gvbyl Avcb cÖvY wb‡qB e¨¯Í| ï‡bwQ, Kvey‡ji evB‡iI bvwK cywjk Av‡Q, wKš‧
AvdMvb AvB‡b Lyb ch©šÍ GL‡bv wVK ÔKM&wb‡Re&j& A‡dbmÕ bq| ivnvRvwbi mgq hw` Avcwb cvVvbx
Kvq`vq PUcU Deyo n‡q ï‡q bv c‡ob Zvn‡j †m fyj A_ev †MuvqvZz©wgi †LmviwZ †`‡eb Avcwb|
iv¯ÍvNv‡U wK K‡i Pj‡Z nq Zvi Zvwjg †Ìqv †Zv Avi AvdMvb miKv‡ii wR¤§vq bq| ÔKxc Uz w`
†jd&UÕ †Zv Avi Bs‡iR miKvi Avcbv‡K B¯‥z‡j wb‡q wM‡q †kLvq bv| Ges me©‡kl e³e¨, Avcwb hw`
cÖvYUv wbZvšÍB w`‡q †`b Z‡e Avcbvi AvZ¥xq¯^Rb †Zv i‡q‡QbÑZuviv Ly‡bi e`jvB wb‡jB †Zv cv‡ib|
GKUv ey‡j‡Ui Rb¨ †Zv Avi ZvjyK-gyjyK †eP‡Z nq bv, cviwgUI jv‡M bv| mvaviY †jv‡Ki we‡eKeyw×
Gme †`‡k GiKg K_vB nq| Zey AvdMvwb¯Ívb ¯^vaxb mf¨ †`k; Avi cuvPUv †`k hLb LybLvivwei cÖwZ
GZ †egvjyg D`vmxb bq ZLb Zv‡ìI †Zv wKQy GKUv Kievi Av‡Q GB †f‡e `yÕPvi‡U cywjk `yÕ -
GKw`b AKz¯‡j †NvivNywi K‡i hvq| hw` †`‡L Avcbvi AvZ¥xq¯^Rb ÔKv Ze KvšÍÕ `k©‡b euy` n‡q
Av‡Qb A_ev †kv‡b †h Lybx wK¤^v Zvi myPZzi AvZ¥xq¯^Rb Avcbvi AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡K PvKwPK¨gq we‡kl
weij avZzØviv bvK Kvb †PvL gyL eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q, Avcbvi Rxe‡bi GB wZbw`‡bi gymvwdix‡Z †K
`yÕNÈv Av‡M †Mj, †K `yÕNÈv c‡i †Mj, †K weQvbvq Avjøv im~‡ji bvg ï‡b ï‡b †Mj, †K iv¯Ívi cv‡ki
bqvbRywj‡Z Lvwe †L‡q †L‡q cvwo w`j Gme Zver e¨vcv‡i we›`ygvÎ wePwjZ nb bv, Z‡e we‡ePbv
Kiæb, gnvkq, cywjk †Kb wg‡Q Avcbv‡ì Z_v Lybx Ges Zm¨ AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡ì gvgjvq Av‡iv Sv‡gjv
evwo‡q mevB‡K LvgKv, †edvq`v Z½ Ki‡e? wbwe©Kí •eivM¨ †Zv Avi Avcbv‡ì GK‡PwUqv Kvievi
bq, cywjkI GB mve©Rbxb mve©‡f․wgK `k©‡b Askx`vi| Z‡e nu¨v, Avjer, GB bk¦i msmv‡i gv‡S gv‡S
iæwU-†Mv‡¯ÍiI cÖ‡qvRb nq, miKvi hv †`b Zv‡Z me mgq Kzwj‡q I‡V bv, Lybxi AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡K hLb
†g‡nievb Ly`vZvjv ab‡`․jZ w`‡q‡Qb ZLbÑ? ZLb AvdMvb cywjk‡K Avi †`vl w`‡q wK n‡e!
wKš‧ GKUv wel‡q AvdMvb miKvi m‡PZbÑivnvRvwbi †hb evovevwo bv nq| eyLviv mgiK›` wkivR
†Zniv‡b hw` Lei i‡U hvq †h, AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi ivReZ¥© AZ¨šÍ wec`m¼zj Zvn‡j eëmv-evwYR¨ eÜ
n‡q hv‡e I AvdMvb miKv‡ii ïé-nsm ¯^Y©wW¤^ cÖme Kiv eÜ K‡i †`‡e|
Wvbw`‡K WªvBfvi wkL m`©viRx| eqm lv‡Ui KvQvKvwQ| KuvPvcvKv `xN© `vwo I c‡i Rvb‡Z cvijyg
ivZKvbv| euv w`‡K AvdMvb miKv‡ii GK Kg©Pvix| †ckvIqvi wM‡qwQ‡jb Kveyj †eZvi‡K‡›`ªi
gvjmiÄvg Qvwo‡q Avbevi Rb¨| me fvlvB Rv‡bb A_P ej‡Z †M‡j GK dvimx Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
136
fvlvB Rv‡bb bv| A_©vr Avcwb hw` Zuvi BswiRx bv †ev‡Sb Z‡e wZwb fveLvbv K‡ib †hb AvcwbB
h‡_ó BswiRx Rv‡bb bv ZLb wZwb dvimxi †h QqwU kã Rv‡bb †m¸‡jv Qv‡ob| ZL‡bv hw` Avcwb
Zuvi e³e¨ bv †ev‡Sb Z‡e wZwb D`y© Sv‡ob| †klUvq Ggb fve †`Lvb †h AwkwÿZ ee©i‡ì m‡½ K_v
ejevi SKgvwi Avi wZwb KZ †cvnv‡eb? A_P c‡i †`Ljyg f`ª‡jvK AZ¨šÍ eÜzermj, wec‡bœi mnvq|
Zv‡iv c‡i eyS‡Z cvijyg fvlv eve‡` f`ª‡jv‡Ki G `ye©jZv †Kb hLb ïb‡Z †cjyg †h wZwb A‡bK
fvlvq cvwÐ‡Zï `vwe K‡i †eZv‡i PvKix †c‡q‡Qb| Avgvi m‡½ `yÕw`b GKvm‡b KvUv‡ebÑAvwg hw`
Kvey‡j wM‡q iUvB †h, wZwb MÐylR‡ji mdix Zvn‡j wecÀvc‡ì m¤¢vebv| wKš‧ Zuvi G fq m¤ú~Y©
Ag~jK wQjÑZuvi ARvb‡Z eoKZ©v‡ì mevB Rvb‡Zb, fvlvi Lv‡Z Zuvi Áv‡bi Rgv KZUzKz| Zey †h
wZwb PvKix‡Z envj wQ‡jb Zvi mij KviY, Ab¨ mevB fvlv Rvb‡Zb Zuvi †P‡qI Kg| G ZË¡wU wKš‧
wZwb wb‡R eyS‡Z cv‡ibwb| mij cÖK…wZi †jvK, wb‡Ri AÁZv XvK‡Z GZB e¨¯Í †h c‡ii AÁZv Zuvi
†Pv‡L coZ bv| ¸Yxiv e‡jb, Ô†Pv‡Li mvg‡b aiv Avcb eÜgywó `~‡ii wngvjq‡K †X‡K †d‡j|Õ
ev‡mi †c‡U GKcvj Kveyjx eëmvqx! †ckvIqvi †_‡K wmMv‡iU, MÖv‡gv‡dvb †iKW©, †c‡jU-evmb,
Svo-jÉb, dzUej, weRwj-evwZi mvR-miÄvg, †KZve-cuyw_, GK K_vq `ywbqvi me wRwbm wK‡b wb‡q
hv‡‪Q| AvdMvb wkí cÖ¯‧Z K‡i gvÎ wZb e¯‧Ñe›`yK, †Mvjv¸wj Avi kx‡Zi Kvco| evèvKx cÖvq me
wKQyB Avg`vwb Ki‡Z nq wn›`y¯vb †_‡K, wKQyUv iæk †_‡K| Gme Z_¨ Rvbevi Rb¨ AvdMvb miKv‡ii
evwYR¨cÖwZ‡e`b co‡Z nq bv, Kveyj kn‡i GKUv P°i gvi‡jB nq|
†m me c‡ii K_v|
Av‡Mi w`b †ckvIqvi 114 wWMÖx Mig c‡owQjÑQvqv‡Z| GLb evm& hv‡‪Q †hLvb w`‡q †mLvb †_‡K
`~iexb w`‡q ZvKv‡jI GKwU cvZv ch©šÍ †Pv‡L c‡o bv| _vKvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q GLv‡b ILv‡b cv_‡ii Mv‡q
nj‡` Nv‡mi †cuvP|
†nv‡÷‡j †÷vf aiv‡Z wM‡q GK Avbvox †QvKiv GKevi R¡jšÍ w¯úwi‡U Av‡iv w¯úwiU Xvj‡Z
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wM‡q KuyK‡o gyK‡o GK Aci~c i~c aviY K‡iwQj| GLv‡b †hb wVK ZvB| gv aiYx KLb †hb nVvr Zuvi
gyLLvbv m~h©‡`‡ei AZ¨šÍ Kv‡Q wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jbÑ†mLv‡b Av¸‡bi GK _veovq Zuvi Pzj fyi‪ me cy‡o
wM‡q gvwUi Pvgov Avi Nv‡mi Pz‡ji †mB Ae¯v n‡q‡Q|
GiKg Sj‡m-hvIqv †`k Avi KL‡bv †`wLwb| giæf~wgi K_v Avjv`v| †mLv‡b hv wKQy
†cvovevi gZ †m me Avgv‡ì R‡b¥i eûc~‡e© cy‡o wM‡q QvB n‡q D‡o P‡j wM‡q‡Q giæf~wg †Q‡oÑmvi
n‡q b~Zb NvmcvZv Rb¥vevi †Póv Avi K‡iwb| m~h©‡è †mLv‡b GK‪QÎvwacwZ| GLv‡b bMœ exfrm Ø›Ø|
Ø›Ø ejv fyjÑGLv‡b wbg©g K‡Vvi AZ¨vPvi| aiYx G‡`k‡K km¨-k¨vgj Kivi †Póv GL‡bv m¤ú~Y©
Qvo‡Z cv‡ibwbÑcÖwZ ÿxY †Póv ev‡i ev‡i wb`©q cÖnv‡i e¨_© n‡‪Q| c~e©e‡½i we‡`ªvnx cÖRvi K_v g‡b
coj| evi evi Zviv P‡ii Dci L‡oi Ni euv‡a, evi evi Rwg`v‡ii †j‡Vj me wKQy cywo‡q w`‡q
QviLvi K‡i P‡j hvq|
†ckvIqvi †_‡K Rgiæ` `yM© mv‡o `k gvBj mgZj f~wg| †mLv‡b GK`dv cvm‡cvU© †`Lv‡Z nj|
Zvici LvBevi wMwim¼U|
137
Zvi eY©bv Avwg w`‡Z cvie bv, Ki‡Rv‡o ¯^xKvi K‡i wbw‪Q| KviY Avwg †h Ae¯vq H m¼U AwZµg
K‡iwQ †m Ae¯vq co‡j ¯^qs wc‡qi †jvwZ wK Ki‡Zb Rvwb‡b| †jvwZi K_v we‡kl K‡i ejjyg KviY
Zuvi gZ ARvbv AwPb †`‡ki AvenvIqv ï×gvÎ k‡ãi †Rv‡i M‡o †Zvjvi gZ AmvaviY ÿgZv Ab¨
†Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki iPbvq †Pv‡L c‡o bv| ¯^qs Kwe¸iæ evOvjxi A‡Pbv wRwbm eY©bv Ki‡Z fv‡jvevm‡Zb
bv| cvnvo evOjv †`‡k †bBÑZuvi AvovB nvRvi Mv‡bi †Kv_vI cvnv‡oi eY©bv ï‡bwQ e‡j g‡b c‡o
bv| mgy`ª evOjv †`‡ki †Kvj †Nu‡l Av‡Q e‡U wKš‧ mvaviY evOvjx mgy`ª †`‡L RMbœv‡_i i_ `k©‡bi
m‡½ m‡½ Kjv †ePvi gZ K‡iÑc~ix‡Z| iex›`ªbv‡_i Kv‡eÏ ZvB Ôc~ixi mgy`ª `k©‡bÕ A_P wZwb †h
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A‡Pbv wRwbm bq| wKš‧ kx‡Zi †`‡ki me‡P‡q Ac~e© `k©bxq wRwbm eidcvZ, iex›`ªbv_ wb‡`bc‡ÿ †m
†m․›`h© cuvP kÕ evi †`‡L‡Qb, GKeviI eY©bv K‡ibwb|
Zey hw` †KD evi `‡kK †mB Mig mn¨ K‡i LvBevicv‡mi wfZi w`‡q Avbv‡Mvbv K‡i Zvn‡j Avjv`v
K_v| kªxivgK…ò e‡j‡Qb, msmv‡ii myL-`ytL Abyfe Kiv †hb D‡Ui KuvUvMvQ LvIqvi gZ| ÿzavwbe„wËi
Avb›` †m Zv‡Z cvq e‡U wKš‧ Iw`‡K KuvUvi †LuvPvq †VuvU w`‡q ìì K‡i i³I c‡o| ZvB Abygvb
Kiv wewPÎ bq LvBev‡ii Mig KuvUv m‡q †M‡j Zvi †_‡K Kve¨Z…òv wbe„wË Kivi gZ imI wKwÂr
†eiæ‡Z cv‡i|
Avwg †h ev‡m wM‡qwQjyg Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡ii im _vKvi K_v bq| wmK›ìkvnx, eveyikvnx iv¯Ív w`‡q
Zv‡K †h‡Z n‡e e‡j Zvi Dchy³ wgwjUvix e‡›`ve¯Í K‡iB †m †ewi‡q‡Q| Zvi Avcv`g¯ÍK cyi‪
K‡iv‡M‡UW wUb w`‡q XvKv Ges bk¦i f½yi KuvP †m Zvi DBÐ-¯…xb †_‡K †S‡o †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| GKUv
†nW-jvBU Kvbv, Kuv‡Pi Ae¸Éb †bB| ZLbB eyS‡Z cvijyg evB‡e‡ji Song of songs-G ewY©Z GK
†Pv‡Li gwngv--ÒThou hast ravished my heart, my spouse, thou hast ravished my heart with one
of thine eyes.”
†h mgm¨vi mgvavb eûw`b eû Kb&KW© eû UxKvwUàbx †Nu‡UI Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, AvR GK gyn~‡ Z© m`&¸iæi
K…cvq Avi LvBevix ev‡mi wbwg‡Ë Zvi mgvavb n‡q †Mj|
`yw`‡K nvRvi dzU DuPz cv_‡ii †bov cvnvo| gvSLv‡b LvBevicvm| GK †Rvov iv¯Ív Gu‡K‡eu‡K G‡K
A‡bï Mv †Nu‡l P‡j‡Q Kvey‡ji w`‡K| GK iv¯Ív †gvU‡ii Rb¨, Ab¨ iv¯Ív DU L‪Pi Mvav †Nvovi
cYëvwnbx ev K¨vivfv‡bi Rb¨| m¼xY©Zg ¯‡j `yB iv¯Ívq wg‡j wÎk nvZI n‡e bv| †m iv¯Ív Avevi
gvZv‡ji gZ Uj‡Z Uj‡Z GZB Gu‡K‡eu‡K wM‡q‡Q †h, †h-†Kv‡bv RvqMvq ùvov‡j †Pv‡L c‡o WvB‡b
euv‡q cvnvo, mvg‡b wcQ‡b cvnvo|
wØcÖni m~h© †mB biKKz‡Ð †mvRv †b‡g G‡m‡QÑZvB wb‡q PZzw`©‡Ki cvnvo †hb †jvdvjywd †Lj‡Q| GB
wMwim¼‡U AvdMv‡bi jÿ KÉ cÖwZaŸwb n‡q †KvwU K‡É cwiewZ©Z nZÑGB wMwim¼‡U GK gvZ©Ðÿ‡Y
ÿ‡Y jÿ gvZ©‡Ð cwiYZ nb| Zuv‡ì †KvwU †KvwU AwMœwRnŸv Avgv‡ì me©v½ †jnb K‡i cwiZzó nb bv,
Pÿzi Pg© ch©šÍ AwMœkjvKv w`‡q we× K‡i w`‡q hv‡‪Qb| †P‡q †`wL m`©viRxi †PvL mÜ¨vme ¯úk© bv
K‡iB mÜ¨vKv‡ki gZ jvj n‡q D‡V‡Q| Kveyjx iægvj w`‡q †dUv †g‡i †PvL eÜ K‡i‡Q| bMœ‡Pv‡L
KÕRb †jvK dvqvwis †¯‥vqv‡Wi mvg‡b ùvov‡Z cv‡i?
138
GB Mi‡gB wK Kv›`vnv‡ii ea~ MvÜvix AÜ n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb? Kv›`vnvi †_‡K w`jøx †h‡Z n‡j †Zv
LvBevicvm Qvov MZ¨šÍi †bB| †K Rv‡b, a„Zivóª‡K mvšÍ¡bv †èvi Rb¨, AÜ ea~i `y‣`©e `nb cÖkwgZ
Kivi Rb¨ gnvfviZKvi MvÜvixi AÜZ¡ ei‡Yi DcvL¨vb wbg©vY K‡ibwb?
AevK n‡q †`LwQ †mB Mi‡g eyLvivi cyw¯Íb (dvi) eëmvqxiv `yB BwÂ cyiæ †jvgIqvjv Pvgovi
Ifvi‡KvU Mv‡q w`‡q L‪Pi †Lw`‡q fviZe‡l©i w`‡K P‡j‡Q| m`©viRx‡K inm¨ mgvav‡bi Aby‡iva
Rvbv‡j wZwb ej‡jb, Ôhv‡ì Af¨vm n‡q wM‡q‡Q Zv‡ì c‡ÿ mZ¨B GiKg cyiæRvgv GB Mi‡g
Avivg`vqK| evB‡ii Mig XyK‡Z cv‡i bv, kixi VvÐv iv‡L| Nvg †Zv Avi G‡`‡k nq bv, Avi n‡jB ev
wK? Giv Zvi †_vovB c‡ivqv K‡i|Õ
GUzKz ej‡Z ej‡ZB †`Ljyg Mi‡gi név gy‡L Xy‡K m`©viRxi Mjv ïwK‡q w`j| Mí Rgvevi †Póv e„_v|
KZ †`‡ki KZ iK‡gi †jvK cYëvwnbxi m‡½ m‡½ P‡j‡Q| KZ X‡Oi Uzwc, KZ i‡Oi cvMwo, KZ
hy‡Mi A¯¿ÑMv`ve›`yK †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i AvaywbKZg Rg©b gvDRvi| `g‡¯‥i weL¨vZ my`k©b Zievwi,
mycvwi KvUvi RuvwZi gZ ÔRvgaiÕ †gvMj Qwe‡Z †`‡LwQjyg, ev¯Í‡e †`Ljyg ûeû †mB iKgÑ†Mvjvcx
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D‡Ui wc‡V ck‡g †ik‡g †evbv KZ i‡Oi Kv‡c©U, KZ AvKv‡ii mv‡gvfvi| e¯Ív e¯Ív †c¯Ív ev`vg
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P‡j‡Q, ïb‡Z †cjyg, †Kvgie‡Üi wb‡P, B‡R‡ii fuv‡R, cyw¯Í‡bi jvBwb‡Oi wfZ‡i AvwdO Avi nkxk,
bv K‡KbB, bv Av‡iv wKQy| mevB P‡j‡Q AwZ ax‡i AwZ gš‡i| g‡b coj gvbm m‡ivei-†dZ©v Avgvi
GK eÜz e‡jwQ‡jb †h, K‡Vvi kx‡Z DuPz cvnv‡o hLb gvbyl KvZi n‡q c‡o ZLb Zvi c‡ÿ cÖk¯ÍZg
cšv AwZ axi c`‡ÿ‡c Pjv, ZworMwZ‡Z †m hš¿Yv Gov‡Z †Póv Kivi A_© mÁv‡b hg`~‡Zi n‡¯Í
GwM‡q wM‡q cÖvY mgc©Y Kiv| GI †`wL †mB AwfÁZvi Dò mg_©b| †mLv‡b cÖP Ð kxZ, GLv‡b `y`©všÍ
Mig| cvVvb `yÕevi e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg Z…Zxqevi †mB cÖev` kc_i~‡c MÖnY Kijyg| ÔnšÍ`šÍ nIqvi gv‡b
kqZv‡bi cšvq Pjv|Õ iex›`ªbv_I H iKg wK GKUv K_v e‡j‡Qb bv, `ytL bv †c‡j `ytL NyP‡e wK
K‡i? Z‡e wK GB K_vB ej‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h, ZvovZvwo K‡i `ytL Govevi †Póv Kiv e„_v? †gqv` c~Y©
n‡Z †h mgq jvMevi K_v Zv jvM‡eB|
Lªx÷I †Zv e‡j‡QbÑ Verily I say unto thee, thou shalt by no means come out thence [prison]
till thou hast paid the uttermost farthing.”
†K e‡j wesk kZvãx‡Z A‡j․wKK NUbv N‡U bv? Avgvi mKj mgm¨v mgvavb K‡iB †hb aovg K‡i kã
nj| Kveyjx ZworMwZ‡Z †Pv‡Li †dUv Ly‡j Avgvi w`‡K weeY© gy‡L ZvKvj, Avwg m`©viRxi w`‡K
ZvKvjyg| wZwb †`wL AwZ kvšÍfv‡e MvwoLvbv GK cv‡k wb‡q ùvo Kiv‡jb| ej‡jb, ÔUvqvi †du‡m‡Q|
cÖwZev‡iB nq| GB Mi‡g bv nIqvB wewPÎ|Õ
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cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv, Zey m`©viRx Avgv‡ì ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡jb †h, LvBevicv‡mi iv¯Ív `y‡Uv miKv‡ii e‡U,
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139
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cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wkKvix nwiY wb‡q wK K‡i bv-K‡i mK‡jiB Rvbv K_vÑPvgovUzKzI ev` †`q bv| G
¯‡j ïbjyg, ïay †h nvwmUzKz ¸wj LvIqvi c~‡e© gy‡L †j‡MwQj †mUzKz nvIqvq fvm‡Z _v‡KÑevèvKx D‡e
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ÔwK‪Qy fq †bB mv‡qeÑKvjB Kveyj †cu․‡Q hvw‪Q| †mLv‡b †cu․‡Q Ke& K‡i Kveyj b`x‡Z Wye †è|
eidMjv wngRj cvnvo †_‡K †b‡g G‡m‡Q, w`j Rvb KwjRv me VvÐv n‡q hv‡e| †b‡q D‡V ei‡d N‡l
N‡l AvOyi Lve Zvgvg RyjvB AvMó| †m‡Þ¤^‡ii †klv‡kwl bqvbRywj‡Z Rj Rg‡Z Avi¤¢ Ki‡e|
A‡±ve‡i kx‡Zi nvIqvq Siv-cvZv Kveyj kn‡i nvRv‡iv i‡Oi MvwjPv †c‡Z †`‡e| b‡f¤^‡i cyw¯Í‡bi
†RveŸv †ei Kie| wW‡m¤^‡i eid co‡Z ïi‪ Ki‡e| †mB ei‡di wfZi w`‡q †eov‡Z †eie| Dt! †m
Kx kxZ, †m Kx Avivg!Õ
Avwg ejjyg, ÔAvcbvi gy‡L dzjP›`b co‬K|Õ nVvr †`wL mvg‡b GwK! gixwPKv? mg¯Í iv¯Ív eÜ K‡i
†MU †Kb? †gvUi _vKj| cvm‡cvU© †`Lv‡Znj| †MU Ly‡j †Mj| AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b XyKjyg| eo eo ni‡d
mvBb‡ev‡W© †jLvÑ
It is absolutely forbidden
to cross this border into
Afghan territor
Kveyjx ej‡jb, Ô`ywbqvi me cixÿv cvm Kivi †P‡q eo cixÿv LvBevicvm cvm Kiv| Avj&nvg`ywjjøv
(Ly`v‡K abëv`)|Õ
Avwg ejjyg, ÔAv‡gb|Õ
LvBevicvm †Zv `yt‡L-my‡L †cijyg Ges g‡b g‡b Avkv Kijyg GBevi Mig Kg‡e| Kgj e‡U, wKš‧
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evjvB †bB| nvRv‡iv erm‡ii †jvK-PjvP‡ji d‡j cv_i Ges AwZ mvgvb¨ gvwUi Dci †h `vM c‡o‡Q
ZviB Dci w`‡q †gvUi Pjj| G `v‡Mi Dci w`‡q cYëvwnbxi †h‡Z Avm‡Z †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv
wKš‧ †gvUi-Av‡ivnxi c‡ÿ †h KZ`~i cxov`vqK n‡Z cv‡i Zvi LvwbKUv Zzjbv nq exif~g-euvKzovq
Wv½v I †LvqvB‡q ivwÎKv‡j †Mvi‪i Mvwo Povi m‡½Ñhw` †m Mvwo Kzwo gvBj †e‡M P‡j, wfZ‡i L‡oi
cyi‪ †ZvlK bv _v‡K, Ges †QvUeo bywo w`‡q Wv½v-†LvqvB †Q‡q †djv nq|
140
Avng` Avjx hvÎvKv‡j Avgvi gv_vq GKUv `kMRx weivU cvMwo †eu‡a w`‡qwQ‡jb| LvBevicv‡mi
gvSLv‡b †m cvMwo Avgv‡K mw`©Mwg© †_‡K euvwP‡qwQj; GLb †mB cvMwo Avgvi gv_v Ges Mvwoi Qv‡Zi
gvSLv‡b evdvi-‡÷U n‡q Dfq cÿ‡K ¸iæZ¡i jovB-RLg †_‡K euvPvj|
m`©viRx‡K wRÁvmv Kijyg, cvMwo Avi †Kv‡bv Kv‡R jv‡M wKbv| wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAv‡iv eû Kv‡R jv‡M
wKš‧ Dcw¯Z GKUv K_v g‡b co‡Q| we‡kl Ae¯v‡Z ïay Kjmx‡ZB P‡j; `wo †Kbvi ìKvi nq bv|
eySjyg, iv¯Ívi Ae¯v MÖx‡®§i AvwZkh¨ Avi wØcÖn‡ii Abvnvi G-c‡_i dzj-UvBg MvnK m`©viRx‡K ch©šÍ
Kvey K‡i †d‡j‡QÑZv bv n‡j G iKg exfrm cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v Zuvi g‡b co‡e †Kb?
`ytL nj| lvU ermi eqm n‡Z Pjj, †Kv_vq bv m`©viRx †`‡ki Muv‡q †ZuZz‡ji Qvqvq bvwZ-bvZbxi
nv‡Z nvIqv †L‡Z †L‡Z cë‡bi Mí ej‡eb Avi †Kv_vq AvR GB GKUvbv Av¸‡bi wfZi †ckvIqvi
Kvey‡j gvKz gviv| †Kb Ggb Ae¯v †K Rv‡b, wKš‧ †`k, Kvj I we‡kl K‡i cv‡Îi Ae¯v we‡ePbv K‡i
AvÇv Rgvevi †i․`ªvZzi ÿxYv¼zi Dc‡o †dj‡Z †ewk Uvbv‡nuPov Ki‡Z nj bv|
Kx †`k! `yw`‡K gvB‡ji ci gvBj Ry‡o bywo Avi bywo| †hLv‡b bywo Avi †bB †mLvb †_‡K †Pv‡L c‡o
eû`~‡i AveQvqv AveQvqv cvnvo| `~i †_‡K ejv k³, wKš‧ Abygvb Kijyg jÿ erm‡ii †i․`ªel©‡Y
Zv‡ZI mRxe †Kv‡bv wKQy bv _vKviB K_v| †iwW‡qUv‡i Rj Xvjvi Rb¨ †gvUi GKevi ùvwo‡qwQj;
ZLb jÿ¨ Kijyg GK KYv NvmI `yB cv_‡ii duv‡K †Kv_vI Rb¥vqwb| †cvKvgvKo, †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡ii
cÖv‡Yi wPý †Kv_vI †bBÑLv‡e wK, euvP‡e wK w`‡q? gv aiYxi ey‡Ki `ya G‡`‡k †hb m¤ú~Y© ïwK‡q
wM‡q‡Q; †Kv‡bv dvUj w`‡q †Kv‡bv euvab wQu‡o GK †duvUv Rj ch©šÍ †e‡ivqwb| w`Kw`MšÍe¨vcx wekvj
k¥kvbf~wgi gvSLvb w`‡q †cÖZ‡hvwb eg©avwiYx †dvW© Mvwo P‡j‡Q Qvqvgq mšÍvbmšÍwZ wb‡q| ÿ‡Y ÿ‡Y
g‡b nq, Pµevjcwic~Y© gnvwbR©bZvi A`„k¨ cÖnixiv nVvr KLb hš¿wbtmwiZ a~gªcy‪Q GB hš¿wbqwš¿Z
a~gªcy‪Q ¯^ZðjkKU k~‡b¨ Zz‡j wb‡q weivU •btk‡ãï †hvMf~wg cybivq wbi¼zk K‡i †`‡e|
Zvici †`wL g„Zï wefxwlKv| cÖK…wZ GB gi‪cÖvšÍ‡i cÖvY m„wó K‡ib bv e‡U wKš‧ cÖvY MÖn‡Y wZwb wegyL
bb| iv¯Ívi wVK Dc‡iB c‡o Av‡Q D‡Ui GK weivU K¼vj| M„wabx kKzwb Abvnv‡i Aek¨¤¢vex g„Zz¨f‡q
GLv‡b Av‡m bv e‡j K¼vj GLv‡b †mLv‡b Qwo‡q c‡owb| †i․‡`ªi cÖ‡Kv‡c ax‡i ax‡i gvsm ïwK‡q wM‡q
ay‡jv n‡q S‡i c‡o‡Q| gm„Y ïå m¤ú~Y© K¼vj †hb hv`yN‡i mvRv‡bv •eÁvwb‡Ki †K․Z~njmvgMÖx n‡q
c‡o Av‡Q|
jvwÐ‡KvUvj †_‡K `°v `k gvBj|
†mB gi‪cÖvšÍ‡i `°v `yM© AZ¨šÍ Aev¯Íe e‡j g‡b nj| gvwU Avi Lo wgwk‡q wc‡U wc‡U DuPz †`qvj M‡o
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w`‡K GK mvwi MZ©; `y‡M©i †jvK Zvwi wfZi w`q e›`y‡Ki bj Mwj‡q wbivc‡` evB‡ii kÎ‪‡K ¸jx
Ki‡Z cv‡i| `~i †_‡K †mB Kv‡jv MZ© †`‡L g‡b nq †hb A‡Üi Dc‡o-†bIqv †Pv‡Li k~b¨ †KvUi|
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141
meyR †bKov w`‡q Kveyj b`x Avgvi †Pv‡Li R¡vjv NywP‡q w`‡jb| g‡b nj H meyRUzKzi Kj¨v‡Y †m-hvÎv
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†Q‡o †`‡e| Zvn‡j mÜ¨vi Av‡MB Rjvjvev` †cu․Q‡Z cvie|Õ
†jLK cwiwPwZ
•mq` gyRZev Avjx 1904 mv‡j wm‡j‡Ui KwigM‡Ä Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wcZv •mq` wmKv›`vi Avjxi
e`wji PvKwii myev‡` gyRZev Avjxi cÖv_wgK wkÿvRxeb Kv‡U wewfbœ wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b| 1921 mv‡j
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Rvg©vb I BZvjxq fvlv wkÿv K‡ib| Gici wZwb AvjxMo wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges `k©bkv¯¿
covi Rb¨ e„wË wb‡q Rvg©vwb hvb| 1932 mv‡j Zzjbvg~jK ag©Z‡Ë¡ M‡elYvi Rb¨ wZwb wW.wdj wWwMÖ
jvf K‡ib| 1934-1935 mv‡j wZwb wgm‡ii Avj AvRnvi wek¦we`¨vj‡q cov‡kvbv K‡ib| Kvey‡ji
GKwU K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbvi ga¨ w`‡q gyRZev Avjxi Kg©Rxeb ïiæ nq| †mLv‡b wZwb Bs‡iwR I divwm
fvlvi wkÿK wQ‡jb| 1935 mv‡j e‡iv`vi gnvivRvi Avgš¿‡Y wZwb e‡iv`v K‡j‡R Zzjbvg~jK
ag©Z‡Ë¡i Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| GLv‡b wZwb AvU eQi KvUvb| Gici w`wjøi wkÿv gš¿Yvj‡q
†hvM †`b| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi e¸ovi Avwhhyj nK K‡j‡Ri Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e Ges
KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi LÐKvjxb cÖfvl‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| cÂv‡ki
`k‡K wKQyw`b AvKvkevYxi †÷kb wW‡i±‡ii `vwqZ¡I cvjb K‡ib cvUbv, KUK, KjKvZv Ges
w`wjø‡Z| 1961 mv‡j wZwb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b wd‡i hvb Ges AemiMÖnY ch©šÍ †mLv‡bB Kg©iZ wQ‡jb|
kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b covi mgq †mLv‡b wek¦fviZx bv‡gi n¯ÍwjwLZ g¨vMvwR‡b gyRZev Avjx wjL‡Zb|
cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb ÔmZ¨cxiÕ, ÔIgi •LqvgÕ, Ô†UKPuv`Õ, ÔwcÖq`k©xÕ cÖf„wZ QÙbv‡g wewfbœ cwÎKvq,
†hgbÑ†`k, Avb›èvRvi, emygZx, †gvnv¤§`x cÖf„wZ‡Z †j‡Lb| eû †`k åg‡Yi AwfÁZv †_‡K
wj‡L‡Qb ågYKvwnwb, †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, igïPbv| wewfbœ fvlv †_‡K †køvK I i~c‡Ki h_v_© eënvi,
nvmïm m„wó‡Z cvi`wk©Zv Ges Gi ga¨ w`‡q Mfxi Rxeb‡eva dzwU‡q †Zvjvi ÿgZv Zuv‡K evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ GK we‡kl gh©v`vi Avm‡b ewm‡q‡Q| Zuvi iwPZ eB‡qi msL¨v 30| Zuvi D‡jøL ‡hvM¨ iPbvi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †`‡k-we‡`‡k (1949), PvPv Kvwnbx (1952), cÂZš¿ (1952), gq~iKÉx (1952), R‡j
Wv½vq (1960), Awek¦vm¨ (1954), kebg (1960), BZ¨vw`| 1974 mv‡ji 11 †deªæqvwi •mq`
gyRZev Avjx g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
g~jfve
cv‡Vi AskUzKz •mq` gyRZev Avjxi Ô†`‡k-we‡`‡kÕ bvgK iPbvi 7g cwi‡‪Q‡ì AšÍf³
y© | MÖšwU cÖ_g
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Ab¨Zg †miv imm„wó| †jL‡Ki Mfxi AšÍ`w©„ ó, cÖK…wZ‡K ch©‡eÿ‡Yi AmvaviY `ÿZv, mvaviY gvbyl
142
m¤ú‡K© we‡kl †K․Z~nj Ges m‡e©vcwi eY©bvi imMÖvwnZv GB iPbvwU‡K wfbœ gvÎv `vb K‡i‡Q| Gme
we‡ePbvq Ô†`‡k-we‡`‡kÕ mvaviY ågY-Kvwnwbi Zzjbvq AmvaviY mvwn‡Z¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZ I
cwi‡e‡ki m~² ch©‡eÿY Ges wk‡ívËxY© cwi‡ekbvq GwU we‡kl ¯v‡bi cÖvgvwYK `wj‡j cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb AskUzKz m¤ú‡K© Dchy©³ gZvgZ me©vs‡k cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨| G Kvi‡Y Ô†`‡k-we‡`‡kÕ
ågYKvwnwb n‡jI ZrKvjxb AvdMvb iv‡óªi Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK ev¯ÍeZvi wPÎI GLv‡b ¯úó n‡q
I‡V‡Q|
cv‡V †jL‡Ki †c‡kvqvi †_‡K ev‡m Kveyj åg‡Yi AskUzKz wee„Z n‡q‡Q| R‣bK cvVvb Avn‡g` Avjxi
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cÖm½µ‡g AvdMvb AvBwb cwiw¯wZ, mgvR, eëmv-evwYR¨, ivóª BZ¨vwì cÖm‡½i AeZviYv ZrKvjxb
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`ÿZvq i‪ÿ c‡_i eY©bv‡ZI cvVK i‡mi mÜvb cvb| PwjZ ixwZ‡Z wµqv I me©bvgc` AÿzYœ †i‡LI
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K‡i‡Qb, Ab¨w`‡K wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb ¯^Zš¿ ÷vBj| d‡j cvVK‡K eY©bvi gva¨‡g wPÎKí •Zwi K‡i wb‡Z
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143
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†iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb
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144
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147
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148
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Avw½KÑwPwVc‡Îi gva¨‡g| †`k‡K civaxbZvi Møvwb †_‡K gy³ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ mvaviY gvbyl †h Suvwc‡q
c‡owQj Zv‡Z wg‡kwQj g„Zz¨fq AwZµgKvix exiZ¡, †`kgvZ…Kvi cÖwZ Acwimxg fv‡jvevmv Ges
¯^vaxbZv cÖvwßi cÖej evmbv| Zey AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡ì cÖwZ Zuv‡ì ggZ¡‡eva we›`ygvÎ K‡gwb| eis hy‡×i
gq`v‡b g„Zzï mvg‡b ùvwo‡q gyw³‡hv×viv Zv‡ì cwievi‡K ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb| cÖwZwbqZ wPwVi gva¨‡g
Rvwb‡q‡Qb Zuv‡ì Av‡e‡Mi K_v| G ai‡bi wPwVi msKjb cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q 2009 mv‡j ÔcÖ_gvÕ
cÖKvkbxi D‡`¨v‡M cÖKvwkZ GKvË‡ii wPwV kxl©K eB‡Z| Av‡e‡Mi AmvaviY cÖKv‡k Gi cÖwZwU wPwV
n‡q D‡V‡Q evOvwj RvwZi HwZnvwmK `wjj, AmvaviY GK-GKwU iPbv| eZ©gvb cv‡V D³ msKjbMÖš
†_‡K GKwU wPwV mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
GB wPwV‡Z gyw³‡hv×v †gv. Ave`yi iwng Zuvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q hy‡×i wefxwlKvi K_v eY©bv Ki‡Qb| wZwb
Zuvi †Q‡j‡ejvi K_v ¯§iY K‡i ej‡Qb, e½eÜzi mvZB gv‡P©i fvl‡Y AbycÖvwYZ n‡q wZwb hy‡× †hvM`vb
K‡ib| cuwPk m`‡mï GKwU cø vUzb wb‡q cvKevwnbxi Ici Avµg‡Yi cwiKíbv Kiv nq, hvi gv‡S
wZwbI wQ‡jb| Zuviv R‣bK †Zvdv‡qjDwÏ‡bi evwo‡Z AvkÖq †bb Avµg‡Yi Rb¨| wKš‧
†Zvdv‡qjDwÏ‡bi GK M„nKg©x cvK‡mbv‡ì Zuv‡ì Ae¯v‡bi K_v Rvwb‡q Av‡m| cvKevwnbx Zuv‡ì
Ici AvKw¯§K AvµgY K‡i| Avµg‡Y †Zvdv‡qjDwÏ‡bi wkïcyÎ Qvov mevB gviv hvq| exi gyw³‡hv×v
†gv. Ave`yi iwn‡gi mn‡hv×viv knx` nb| wZwb AvnZ Ae¯vq cvwj‡q †h‡Z mÿg nb| cieZ©xKv‡j
Zuvi GK eÜz Zuv‡K D×vi K‡i nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi gv‡K wbivcËvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡q
wPwVwU mveav‡b co‡Z e‡j‡Qb|
149
Aa¨vq 8
bvUK
bvU‡Ki ¯îƒc
bvUK mvwn‡Zï GKwU we‡kl gva¨g| bvU‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q Rxe‡bi I mgv‡Ri wewfbœ wPÎ gvby‡li mvg‡b
cÖwZdwjZ nq| bvU¨Kvi I AvjsKwiKMY bvUK‡K Kve¨ mvwn‡Zï Ask I †kÖô aviv e‡j we‡ePbv
K‡i‡Qb| `…k¨ Kve¨ I k«ve¨ Kv‡eï mgš^‡q i½g‡Â Dc¯vwcZ MwZgvb Rxe‡bi cÖwZ‪Qwe n‡‪Q bvUK|
bvUK n‡‪Q †`Lv I †kvbv GB `yB ¸Y wewkó Kve¨| A_©vr bvUK c«avbZ `…k¨ Kve¨ Ges GUv mKj
cÖKvi Kv‡eï †kÖô Kve¨| Aa¨vcK k«xkP›`« `vk m½Z Kvi‡Y e‡j‡Qb, Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK
Rxe‡bi c«wZ‪Qwe Awf‡bZv I Awf‡bÎxi gva¨‡g i½g‡Â mwµq I `…k¨gvbfv‡e Dc¯vcb KivB bvUK
(kÖxkP›`« `vm, 2005)| G Rb¨ i½gÂB bvU‡Ki weKvk I ù~wZi ¯vb| gÂ‡K †K›`« K‡i Dc¯vwcZ
G Rxeb-bvU¨ `k©Ke…›` Dc‡fvM K‡ib| bvU‡Ki GKwU w_g ev welqe¯‧ _v‡K| GKwU bvUK NUbv,
Kvwnbx, †K›`«xq PwiÎ, Ab¨vb¨ PwiÎ Ges msjvc cÖf…wZ welq wb‡q MwVZ nq| bvU‡Ki ¯îƒc wb‡q
A¨vwi÷Uj ev fiZ cÖgyL e¨w³eM©I G-welq¸‡jvi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb| bvU¨Kvi bvU‡Ki G ¯îƒc Zvui
bvUK iPbvq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Kvwnbx iPbv, NUbvweb¨vm, PwiÎvqb Ges msjv‡ci gva¨‡g bvU‡Ki w_g‡K
mvg‡b GwM‡q wb‡Z cvi‡eb| `k©K welqe¯‧i g‡a¨ Zvu‡ì Rxeb‡eva I Rxebhvc‡bi Avb›`-†e`bv
Lyu‡R cv‡eb| w_g ev welqe¯‧‡K †K›`« K‡i NUbvi web¨vm N‡U, NUbv web¨v‡mi ga¨ w`‡q weKwkZ nq
cÖavb PwiÎ Ges Ab¨vb¨ PwiÎ| bvU‡Ki GB PwiÎ I welqe¯‧‡K Kvh©Ki I wkíiƒc `vb K‡i msjvc|
bvU‡Ki †kÖwYwefvM
bvUK cÖavbZ `yB ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K, †hgb- Uª¨v‡RwW ev we‡qvMvZ¥K bvUK (gybxi †P․ayixi i³v³ cÖvšÍi)
I K‡gwW ev e¨½vZ¥K bvUK (Ck¦iP›`« we`¨vmvM‡ii åvwšÍwejvm)| Uª¨v‡RwW bvU‡K Rxe‡bi `ytLgq
Dcjwä Ges KiæY i‡mi cÖKvk nq| Avi K‡gwW bvU‡K Rxe‡bi Avb›`, wgjbvZ¥K fve I nvm¨ i‡mi
c«Kvk nq| HwZnvwmK bvUK †hLv‡b bvU‡Ki welqe¯‧ AZxZ BwZnv‡mi †KvbI Aa¨vq Aej¤^b K‡i
wjwLZ (wØ‡R›`«jvj iv‡qi mvRvnvb, byiRvnvb I P›`«¸ß), cÖnmb nvjKv msjvc, jNy Kíbvgq, ¯~j
nvmïm I AvwZkhë¨ÄK bvUK‡K †evSvq (gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi G‡KB wK e‡j mf¨Zv, `xbeÜy
wg‡Îi maevi GKv`kx) BZ¨vw`| GQvovI bvU‡Ki wewfbœ fvM i‡q‡Q| †hgb- mvgvwRK bvUK,
we`«~cvZ¥K bvUK, ev¯Íe bvUK, fvecÖeY bvUK BZ¨vw`| mvgvwRK bvUK mgvR Rxe‡bi bvbvb RwUjZv,
150
cvwievwiK Rxe‡b Ø›Ø, Av`k©nxbZv, gvbweKZv‡eva, †kÖwY wfwËK wPšÍv BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q iwPZ nq
(iex›`«bv_ VvKy‡ii Pvi Aa¨vq, ivRv, gy³aviv BZ¨vw`)| ZvQvov ivR‣bwZK bvUK, †j․wKK bvUK,
†c․ivwYK bvUK (G bvU‡Ki welqe¯‧ cyivY ev cÖvPxb ag©g~jK Kvwnbx Aej¤^‡b wjwLZ, †hgb-
wØ‡R›`«jvj iv‡qi mxZv) BZ¨vw` fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
bvU‡Ki DrcwË I weKvk
Aóv`k kZvãxi ga¨fvM †_‡K Ebwesk kZvãxi PZy_© `k‡Ki †kl ch©šÍ (1750-1849) KjKvZvq
Ae¯vbiZ Bs‡iR ewYK, †ewbqvb, c«kvmK, wk¶K Ges mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v‡ì mvs¯‥…wZK imiæwP
cwiZ…wßi gva¨g wn‡m‡e Bs‡iR-¯vwcZ wewfbœ bvU¨kvjv M‡o I‡V| G mgq cvðvZ¨ c«fv‡e c«fvweZ
bvU¨ cÖ‡hvRbvi †¶‡Î evOvwji cÖ_g c«qvm j¶ Kiv hvq wn›`y K‡j‡Ri QvÎ cÖmbœKygvi VvKy‡ii
(1801-1868) wn›`y w_‡qUv‡i (1831) Rywjqvm wmRv‡ii Askwe‡kl Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g| G ai‡bi
Bs‡iwR bvUK Awfbq cvðvZ¨ wkw¶Z †kÖwYi we‡bv`‡bi Dcv`vb n‡Z cvi‡jI e…nËi ga¨weË †kÖwYi
we‡bv`‡bi Dcv`vb n‡q DV‡Z e¨_© nq| G Kvi‡Y cvðvZ¨ I ms¯‥…Z bvU‡Ki Abyev` Qvwo‡q G mgq
†g․wjK bvUK iPbvi c«qvm j¶ Kiv hvq| we‡kl K‡i †c․ivwYK, †jvKKvwnbx I mgKvjxb mgv‡Ri
ev¯ÍeZv‡Kw›`«K welqe¯‧‡K wb‡q G †g․wjK bvUK iPbvi AvMÖn †`Lv hvq|
G mgq †hme †g․wjK bvUK iwPZ nq Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv ZvivPiY wkK`v‡ii Ôf`ªvR©ybÕ
(1852), KvjxcÖmbœ wms‡ni ÔmvweÎx mZëvbÕ (1858), gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Ôkwg©ôvÕ (1859) Ges
`xbeÜy wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ (1860)|
Dch©y³ Z_¨ †_‡K mgKvjxb evsjv bvU‡Ki weKv‡ki welqMZ I cÖKiYMZ •ewkó¨ mn‡R j¶ Kiv
hvq| `xbeÜy wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ e¨ZxZ ewY©Z mKj bvUK ZrKvjxb mgvRwP‡Îi evB‡ii welq wb‡q
iwPZ| ZLbKvi mwZ¨Kvi ev¯Íe wQj †`wk-we‡`wk bxjKi AZ¨vPvi Ges Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb-†kvlY|
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë hwÌ cÖ_g Uª¨v‡RwW iPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib Zey G mZ¨ Ab¯^xKvh© †h, `xbeÜy wgÎ
cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× cÖwZev`x bvUK iPbv K‡i BwZnvm m…wó
K‡ib| ivgbvivqY ZK©i‡Zœi ÔKyjxbK~jme©¯Õ^ w`‡q A‡bKvs‡k mv_©K evsjv bvU‡Ki m~Pbv n‡jI
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi nv‡Z Zv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i Ges `xbeÜy wgÎ Zv RbRxe‡bi mv‡_ †gjeÜb
NwU‡qwQ‡jb|
151
Gici evsjv bvUK AviI mg…× K‡i‡Qb gxi gkviid †nv‡mb (1847-1912), †R¨vwZwi›`«bv_ VvKyi
(1848-1925), iex›`«bv_ VvKyi (1861-1941), wØ‡R›`«jvj ivq (1863-1913), KvRx bRiæj
Bmjvg (1899-1976), Drcj `Ë (1929-1993), gybxi ‡P․ayix (1925-1971) cÖgyL bvU¨Kvi|
bvU‡Ki Aeqe I Dcv`vb
bvUK †jLvi †¶‡Î wKQy welq mvg‡b ivL‡Z nq| G‡K bvU‡Ki KvVv‡gv ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| mbvZb
bvU¨KviMY bvU‡Ki wZbwU HK¨ †g‡b Pj‡Zb- mg‡qi HK¨, ¯v‡bi HK¨ I NUbvi HK¨| cÖ‡Z¨K
bvUK mvaviYZ cÂv‡¼ wef³-cÖvi¤¢, cÖevn, DrKl©, M«wš-†gvPb I Dcmsnvi| Z‡e GKvw¼Kv bvU‡Ki
cÖPjbI Av‡Q| GKv¼ bvUK GKwU A¼ Ges e¯‧Zc‡¶ GKwU `…‡k¨ m¤ú~Y© bvUK|
Kvwnbx‡K bvU‡Ki †`n ejv nq| bvU‡Ki w_g ev g~jfve‡K Zy‡j aivi Rb¨ Kvwnbx iPbv Kiv nq,
NUbvweb¨vm, PwiÎm…wó I msjvcm…wó Kiv nq| Kvwnbx iPbvi Rb¨ bvU¨Kvi‡K Rvb‡Z nq NUbv wbe©vPb,
cÖvi¤¢, mgq µg, `…k¨vqb, K¬vB‡g·, msjvc m…wó| bvU‡K PwiÎ I msjv‡ci m¤úK©, Ges PwiÎ I
msjvc Kxfv‡e Kvwnbx M‡o †Zv‡j Zv Rvb‡Z nq bvU¨Kvi‡K| cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ bvUK GK
eû wewPÎ DcKiY, Dcv`vb, ixwZ-c×wZi me©vZ¥K dwjZ (eënvwiK) ev wµqvZ¥K wkí-cwi‡ekb ev
composite art (KyšÍj P‡Ævcva¨vq, 2004)| wjwLZ msjvc D‪Pvi‡Yi gva¨‡g hLb Awf‡bZv
Awf‡bÎxiv Zvu‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Ici Av‡ivwcZ Pwi‡Îi iƒc‪Qwei Qvc †d‡jb `k©K †kÖvZv‡ì g‡b, ZLb
D‪PviY-¯î‡¶cY-KÉ‣kjxi m‡½ m‡½ Zvu‡ì wbg©vY Ki‡Z nq AevPwbK ev AfvwlK kixi fvlv-
†Pv‡Li PvDwb, gyLfw½, Pjv‡div, nv‡Zi gy`«v BZ¨vw` bvbv †QvU †QvU ms‡K‡Z| GKwU bvUK KÉ‣kjx,
kvixwiK-fvlv, wPÎKjv, m½xZ, aŸwb, Av‡jvK K…r-‡K․kj Ges iƒcm¾v BZ¨vwì h_vh_ mgš^‡q M‡o
I‡V| ZvB bvUK cÖK…ZB wµqvZ¥K wkí cwi‡ekbv|
152
Kei
gybxi †P․ayix
[PwiÎ : †bZv, nvwdR, dwKi, MvW© I Qvqvg~wZ© K‡qKwU|]

`„k¨: †Mvi¯Ívb, mgq : †kl ivwÎ|
(g‡Â †Kvbi~c D¾¡j Av‡jv eëüZ nB‡e bv| nvwi‡Kb, cÖ`xc I w`qvkjvB‡qi KvimvwR‡Z bvU‡Ki
cÖ‡qvRbxq fqven, inm¨gq, Akixix cwi‡ek‡K m„wó Kwi‡Z nB‡e|
Pvi dzU DuPz GKwU cyiæ Kv‡jv Kvc‡oi gReyZ c`©v Øviv gÂwU `yB As‡k wef³; j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e bq,
cvkvcvwk| mvg‡bi As‡k wK NwU‡Z‡Q meB †`Lv hvB‡e; g‡Âi cðvr As‡k †Kn ùvovB‡j `k©‡Ki
†Pv‡L cwo‡e bv|
c`©v DwV‡j †`Lv hvB‡e Lvwj g‡Âi Wvb †Kv‡Y GKwU jÉb wUg wUg Kwiqv R¡wj‡Z‡Q| mvg‡b GKwU
†gvUv †cvU©-†dvwjI e¨vM, gyL †Lvjv| cv‡k GKwU †QvU Mø vm, Lvwj| GKwU i gvj gvwU‡Z cvZv
iwnqv‡Q| g‡b nq, GBgvÎ Zvnvi Dci †Kn ewmqvwQj| †mB †jvKwUB g‡Âi wfZ‡i Avevi XywKj|
üócyó eo-mo kixi| PvjPjb MY¨gvb¨ †bZvi g‡Zv| fvwi°x Dchy³ mvR‡MvR| wfZ‡i XywKqvB
Avevi WvwKjÑ)
†bZv : MvW©| MvW©!
(bxj †KvZ©v cvRvgv civ Mv‡W©i cÖ‡ek| cv‡q L‡qix K¨vw¤^‡mi RyZv| cvRvgvi cÖvšÍ‡`k †gvRvi g‡a¨
†MuvRv| nvefv‡e cÖfyfw³i SjK; wKš‧ AvcvZZt GKUz nZeyw× I fqvZ© fve| nv‡Z wbfšÍ jÉb| QywUqv
cÖ‡ek|)
MvW©:Rx ûRyi! (`ªæZ wbtk¦vm)
†bZv : Kx iKg MvW© w`‪Q? †Zvgv‡ì cvnviv †èvi GB bvwK bgybv? wQ‡j †Kv_vq GZ¶Y? KZ¶Y
a‡i WvKwQ †Kvb mvov †bB|
MvW© : ci_g ci_g VvIi Ki‡Z cvwi bvB ûRyi| Ggb VvÐv Avi AvÜvi ûRyi †h Kv‡bi g‡a¨
LvgyLvB †Kej Suv Suv K‡i|
†bZv : †Zvgvi †cvwós †Kv_vq wQj?
MvW© : H cwðg †Kv‡Y| H wKbv‡ii †kl jvj evÜv‡bv Ke‡ii cvo|
153
†bZv : ILvb †_‡K GLv‡b Avm‡ZB G‡Kev‡i nuvwc‡q c‡o‡Qv? evnv`yi MvW© †`LwQ| evwZ wbwf‡q
†i‡LQ †Kb?
MvW© : (PgKvBqv nv‡Zi jÉb †`‡L) In&! Au¨v cBov M¨vQjvg| ZvovZvwo KBiv AvB‡Z wMqv cBov
M¨vQjvg M‡Z©i g‡a¨|
†bZv : M‡Z©?
MvW© : Kei| cyivb Kei nB‡e| GK`g †Vvmv AvwQj| bv eyBSv cv w`‡ZB GK`g fm& KBiv wfZ‡i
XyBKv †MwQ|
†bZv : idiot! †PvL †g‡j c_ P‡jv bv? †Ljvi gvV †c‡qQ bvwK? GUv †Mvi¯Ívb| mveav‡b cv †dj‡Z
cvi bv? hvI| wWDwU‡Z hvI|
(Ab¨w`K nB‡Z wbtk‡ã c¨v›U-†KvU© gvdjvi Pvì Rov‡bv wK¤¢~ZwKgvKvi GK e¨w³i cÖ‡ek|
†bZv Zvnv‡K j¶¨ K‡i bvB|)
MvW© : Rx ûRyi| (m¨vjyU)
†bZv : hvIqvi c‡_ Avevi Av‡iKUvi g‡a¨ †cv‡ov bv| KvZvi †`‡L Avj w`‡q Pj‡e| hvI| †Kvb
KvR †bB| Ggwb †W‡KwQjvg| evwZUv R¡vwj‡q wÌ|
MvW© : Rx ûRyi| (m¨vjyU| cÖ¯vb)
e¨w³ : (†bZvi wcQ‡b) ZLbB e‡jwQjvg m¨vi Gme Av‡Rev‡R †jvKÑ
†bZv : (PgKvBqv) †K? Zzwg †K?
e¨w³ : Avwg m¨vi, BÝ‡c±i nvwdR|
†bZv : In! Avcwb! Ggb K‡i bv‡K-gy‡L Kvco Rwo‡q‡Qb †h, AÜKv‡i Pg‡K D‡VwQjvg|
fwel¨‡Z IiKg Avi Ki‡eb bv| bv, fq cvBwb| MZ Pvi-cuvP eQ‡ii g‡a¨ fq KLbB g‡b XyK‡Z
cv‡iwb| Zey Wv³vi e‡j‡Q Avgvi bvwK nvU© DBK| mveav‡b _vK‡Z e‡j‡Q| Kx ejwQ‡jb ejybÑ
(ewmqv MøvmUv nv‡Z jB‡e Ges Ab¨gb¯‥fv‡e †cvU©-†dvwjI e¨vMUvi gyL Lywj‡e| BÝ‡c±i nvwdR Lye
¯^vfvweKfv‡e K_v ewj‡Z †Póv Kwi‡e| wKš‧ bRi cyivcywi †bZvi nv‡Zi w`‡K|)
nvwdR : GB ejwQjvg, Gme nvev-†Mvev †jvK m‡½ bv Avb‡jB cvi‡Zb| KvR evbvevi †P‡q cÐ
Kiv‡ZB †eUviv †ewk cUz|
†bZv : Zv †nvK| Iiv Avgvi wek¦vmx †jvK| Avcbvi mviv Awdm Xyuo‡jI Agb †jvK RyU‡Zv bv|
154
nvwdR : GUv m¨vi wVKB e‡j‡Qb| me G‡Kev‡i nvivgxi ev‪Pv| †eZbUv‡K cvIbv `vwe wn‡m‡e Av`vq
Ki‡Z Pvq, wbgK e‡j gv‡b bv| GRb¨B †Zv AvRKvj †Kvb Awd‡mB †dB_-wWwmwcøb G¸‡jv Luy‡R
cv‡eb bv m¨vi!
†bZv : ûg& (e¨vMUv Avevi †`‡L| Pviw`‡K wK †hb LuywR‡Z‡Q)|
nvwdR : Zey wKQy KvR Av‡Q m¨vi, hv wewei mvg‡bI †ec`©v Ki‡Z †bB| ZvQvov kn‡i KviwdD
jvMv‡bv _vK‡Z GLv‡b Mv‡W©i †Kvb ìKvi wQj bv| KUvB ev jvk Avi| †Mvi-Luy‡o I¸‡jv‡K wb‡q
Avwg GKjvB me mvdmyd K‡i ivLZvg| Zvi Dci kx‡Zi g‡a¨ Avcwb Kó K‡i...
†bZv : wKQy KvR Av‡Q hv A‡bï Dci Pvwc‡q w`‡q wbwðšÍ nIqv hvq bv, Zv †m hZB cUz †nvK bv
†Kb! (ùvovBqv cwoqv LuyR‡Z _v‡K|)
nvwdR : wKQy LuyR‡Qb m¨vi?
†bZv : nu¨v| GKUv †evZj, H Mø vmUvi cv‡kB wQj| f~Z-wR‡b Avwg wek¦vm Ki‡jI, Zviv †KD G‡m
G‡Kev‡i †evZj m‡gZ Avgvi ûBw¯‥ †kl K‡i hv‡eÑg‡b nq bv| GKUz Av‡kcv‡k Luy‡R †`Lyb †Zv,
AvwgB fy‡j †Kv_vI †d‡j †MwQ bvwK|
nvwdR : e¨v‡Mi wfZi cy‡i iv‡Lbwb †Zv?
†bZv : bv| I¸‡jv fiv †evZj! GUv wKQy Lvwj n‡qwQj|
nvwdR : In! ZvB †Zv| G-†Zv eo mvsNvwZK K_v! bv bv| fvj K‡i Luy‡R †`Lv ìKvi| †evZjUv Kx iKg
m¨vi?
†bZv : bv †L‡q _vK‡j †evSv‡bv hv‡e bv|
nvwdR : bv m¨vi, gv‡b m¨vi Avwg, †evZjUvi †kc&-Mo‡bi K_v ejwQjvg|
†bZv : In& Luy‡R †`Lyb| Avwg bZzb GKUv LyjwQ, Avcwb IUvi †LuvR Kiæb|
nvwdR : (`k©K‡ì w`‡K wcQb w`qv, g‡Âi Ab¨ †Kv‡Y Dcyo nBqv Kx †Luv‡R| Zvici gvwU‡Z GKevi nvZ
†VKvBqvB wPrKvi Kwiqv D‡V|) †c‡qwQ! †c‡qwQ! m¨vi GB †h! GB‡U bv m¨vi?
(GKwU Lvwj g‡ì †evZj Zzwjqv †`Lvq|)
†bZv : AZ †Rv‡i nVvr †PuwP‡q DV‡eb bv| MZ Pvi-cuvP eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb w`b fq cvBwb, GUv wVK|
Zvn‡jI GUv †Mvi¯Ívb| †Ljvi gvV bq| nVvr †PuPv‡j ey‡K jv‡M| Avcbv‡KI e‡jwQ GKevi, †`wL|
nu¨v| †evZj GUvB|
nvwdR : wKš‧ gv‡b, GK`g Lvwj †h m¨vi!
†bZv : Zv‡Z ¶wZ †bB| †h †L‡q‡Q †m †h †evZjmy× mvevo Ki‡Z m¶g bq, eZ©gv‡b †mUvB
155
Avgv‡ì Rb¨ GiKg RvqMvq my‡Li K_v| AšÍZt f‡qi K_v bq|
nvwdR : fq? Kx †h e‡jb m¨vi| gv‡b Avwg †f‡ewQjvg nqZ Ggwb‡ZB Kv‡iv cv‡qi av°v †j‡MB
wQU‡K c‡o wM‡q _vK‡e| me nq‡Zv gvwU‡Z Mwo‡q c‡o eiev` n‡q †M‡Q| wbðqB H MvW© e¨vUvi
KvÐ| Ke‡ii MZ© †_‡K D‡V G‡m †mvRv Avcbvi †evZ‡ji DciB nqZ Avevi †nuvPU †L‡q‡Q| Agb
`vgx wRwbmUv bó K‡i w`j m¨vi!
†bZv : Avcbv‡K cÖ_g †f‡ewQjvg †bnv‡qr miKvix Kg©Pvix| GZ ì`x †jvK eywSwb|
nvwdR : me gvwU‡ZB c‡o‡Q m¨vi| nvZ w`‡q †`Ljvg| RvqMvUv wf‡R G‡Kev‡i Kv`v Kv`v n‡q
†M‡Q|
†bZv : Avcbvi G PvKwi †bqv mv_©K n‡q‡Q| Gevi GKUz e‡m Avivg Kiæb| fq¼i VvÐv| Avcbvi cv
my× Kuvc‡Q|
nvwdR : Au¨v! cv? Uj‡QÑgv‡b, Kuvc‡Q? In! nu¨v, ZvvB-†Zv Bm& wK †eRvq kxZ| GKUz ewm Zvn‡j
m¨vi, A¨v?
(†bZv ZLb †nuvrKv †cvU©-†dvwjI e¨vM nB‡Z bZzb †evZj Lywjqv µgvMZ Xvwj‡Z‡Qb|)
†bZv : Iw`KKvi KvR KZ`~i G¸‡jv? Avi KZ¶Y †ìx n‡e?
nvwdR : cÖvq n‡q Gj e‡j| GZ¶Y me Pz‡Key‡K †hZ| †Mvjgv‡j Kv‡R evav bv co‡jÑKLb me
†kl K‡i †djZvg|
†bZv : †Mvjgvj? GLv‡bI †Mvjgvj? †Mvi¯Ív‡bi gy`©vivI wgwQj Ki‡Z wk‡L‡Q bvwK?
nvwdR : Kx †h e‡jb m¨vi| H †Mvi Luy‡o¸‡jv `yÕ-GKUv AvcwË Zz‡jwQj, †mUv †gUv‡Z GKUz †ìx
n‡q †Mj|
†bZv : AvcwË? UvKv-cqmv wb‡q Avcwb †Kvb †Mvjgvj K‡ibwb †Zv? Avcbv‡KI e‡jwQ †h, UvKvi
Rb¨ wPšÍv Ki‡eb bv| hv ìKvi Zvi †P‡qI †ewk Qwo‡q hvb| miKv‡ii Aby‡gv`b Avwg †hvMvo K‡i
†è| UvKv Xvj‡Z Avcbvi Kó nq †Kb? KgwZ co‡j Avcwb Avgvi Kv‡Q †P‡q wb‡Zb|
nvwdR : †m Kx m¨vi, Avwg eywSwb? miKv‡ii Kv‡R miKvix UvKv LiP Ki‡Z Avwg wcQ-cv ne †Kb?
Z‡e H †QvU‡jvK¸‡jvi Avevi A™¢yZ me ag©xq Kzms¯‥vi i‡q‡Q wKbv Zv‡ZB †Zv hZ du¨vKov ev‡a|
gRywi †Zv †lvj Avbv Av`vq Ki‡eB, Zvi Dci a‡g©i bvg K‡i mvZ iKg dwóbwóÑKzms¯‥viB
†`kUv‡K †Lj m¨vi!
†bZv : Avgvi e³„Zv Avgv‡K †kvbv‡eb bv| Avm‡j Kx N‡U‡Q ZvB ejyb|
156
nvwdR : nvmcvZvj †_‡K jvk¸‡jv Zvovû‡ov K‡i †U‡b-†nuP‡o Mvwo‡Z Zzj‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi Dci
GZLvwb c_ Uªv‡K Avbv, SuvKzwb wKQy Kg Lvqwb| Avi Wv³vi¸‡jvI †hgb cï, gov¸‡jv‡K †K‡U-Kz‡U
G‡Kev‡i bvk K‡i †i‡LwQj|
†bZv : Gme Kv‡R bvf©vm n‡j GZ eo cÖwZôv‡bi †bZv n‡Z cviZvg bv| Zey Avcbv‡K e‡jwQ Avgvi
nvU© GKUz DBK! †ewk †÷Bb mn¨ nq bv| ev‡R K_v bv †Nu‡U Avmj K_vUv ejyb|
nvwdR : hv nevi ZvB n‡q‡Q| Uvbv-†nuPovq Avi Uªv‡Ki SuvKzwb‡Z Mvwoi g‡a¨B jvk¸‡jv G‡Kev‡i
Zvj‡Mvj cvwK‡q wM‡qwQj| KvUv UzKiv¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q hvIqvq GLb Avi eySevi Dcvq †bB,
†KvbUvi m‡½ †KvbUv hv‡e|
†bZv : Zv‡Z Kx n‡q‡Q? (bZzb †evZj Lywj‡e)
nvwdR : Av‡iKUv Lv‡‪Qb m¨vi? gv‡b, ZvB †`‡L Avwg †Mvi-Luy‡o¸‡jv‡K ej vg Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i
AZ¸‡jv Kei evwb‡q Kx ìKvi| GKUv eo-g‡Zvb MZ© K‡i me¸‡jv Zvi g‡a¨ †V‡mVy‡m cy‡i gvwU
Pvcv w`‡q w`‡jB nq|
†bZv : Resourceful officer! Avcbvi bvgUv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| mKv‡j GKevi cvwU© nvD‡m Avm‡eb,
wiK‡g‡Ûkb wj‡L †è|
nvwdR : †g‡nievbx m¨vi! cvwK¯Ívb nevi ci Avgiv †cwU-AwdmviivB †Kej wKQy †cjvg bv| weªwUk
Avg‡jI mgv‡R wgk‡Z cvwiwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ GZ dvBU K‡i, Avgv‡ì GLbI †mB `kv! hw`
AvcbvivI Avgv‡ì w`‡K wd‡i bv ZvKvb Avgiv euvPe Kx K‡i? Avgv‡ì †Zv †Kvb ivRbxwZ †bB
m¨vi!miKviB gvevc! hLb †h `j ûKzgZ Pvjvq Zvi ûKzgB Zvwgj Kwi|
†bZv : Gi g‡a¨ †MvjgvjUv wK‡mi? AvcwË DV‡jv †Kv_vq?
nvwdR : Au¨v? In&| B‡q-gv‡b, H †Mvi-Luy‡o| e¾vZ e¨vUviv e‡j wKbv ÒKwf †bwn|Ó e‡j wKbv
gymjgv‡bi gy`©v, `vdb †bB, Kvdb †bB, RvbvRv †bBÑ Zvi Dci GKUv Avjv`v Kei ch©šÍ cv‡e bv?
G n‡Z cv‡i bv, ÒKwf †bwn!Ó †Muv a‡i e‡m iBj| KZ eySvjvg|
†bZv : Avnv¤§Kx K‡i‡Qb| miKvix KvR K‡ib wK-bv! cvewjK †mw›U‡g›U †ev‡Sb bv| †evSv‡Z wM‡q
mgq bó bv K‡i I‡ì Lykx g‡Zv KvR Ki‡Z w`‡j Avcbvi B¾Z WyeZ? KvR Av`vq Kiv wb‡q
Avcbvi Kvievi| mgvR ms¯‥v‡ii e³„Zv †èvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K miKvi †eZb †`q bv| Avi
NÈvLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ AvKvk dm©v n‡q hv‡eÑAvRvb co‡eÑKviwdD †kl n‡e| jvk¸‡jv wb‡q Avcwb
GLbI wgwUs Ki‡Qb?
nvwdR : Avwg m‡½ m‡½ I‡ì K_vq ivwR n‡q wM‡qwQjvg|
157
†bZv : Zvn‡j GZ¶Y †ìx n‡‪Q †Kb?
nvwdR : H ZLbB †Zv m¨vi Av‡iKUv bZzb du¨vKov evaj| †Kv‡Ì‡K Qy‡U G‡m H gy`©v dwKi Pu¨vPv‡gwP
ïiæ K‡i w`j|
†bZv : †K? Avcbv‡K GZevi K‡i ejwQ, `g&Kv `g&Kv G‡KKUv D™¢U K_v Avgv‡K ej‡eb bv| aovK
K‡i ey‡K jv‡M! hv ejevi Zv bvUK K‡i wU‡c wU‡c bv e‡j †LvjvLywj cÖ_‡gB meUv e‡j †dj‡Z
cv‡ib bv? (ey‡K nvZ eyjvBqv) GB gy`©v dwKiwU †K Avevi?Kei duy‡o †ewi‡q‡Q bvwK?KviwdDi g‡a¨
GLv‡b XyKj Kx K‡i? MvW©¸‡jv Kx KiwQj?
nvwdR : GLv‡bB _v‡K m¨vi| †Mvi¯Ív‡bi evB‡i KLbI hvq bv e‡jB †Zv IB bvg| w`bivZ GLv‡bB
c‡o _v‡K| gv‡S gv‡S Ke‡ii m‡½ Avjvc K‡i| cvMj! e× cvMj!
†bZv : ûg!
nvwdR : †jvKUv Ggwb‡Z fvj †jLv-cov Rv‡b| fvj Av‡jg, MÖv‡gi ¯‥z‡j gvóvix KiZ| †ZZvwjø‡ ki
`ywf©‡¶ †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †Q‡j-†g‡q gv-†e․‡K gi‡Z †`‡L‡Q! wKš‧ KvD‡K Ke‡i †h‡Z †`‡Lwb|
gy`©v¸‡jv c‡P‡Q| kKz‡b Lye‡j w`‡q‡Q| iv‡Zi †ejvq †kqvj G‡m †U‡b wb‡q †M‡Q| †mB †_‡K
cvMj| †Mvi¯Ívb †_‡K wKQy‡ZB bo‡Z Pvq bv| e‡j : g‡i †M‡j †KD hw` Kei bv †`q! givi mgq
n‡j, KvQvKvwQ _vKe, PU K‡i hv‡Z Ke‡i Xy‡K co‡Z cvwi| eo Uª¨vwRK m¨vi|
†bZv : A‡bK Lei iv‡Lb †`LwQ|
nvwdR : PvKwi| PvKwi m¨vi| Pviw`‡Ki n‡iK iK‡gi †LuvR Avgv‡ì ivL‡Z nq m¨vi|
†bZv : †ewk †LuvRvLuywR Ki‡Z wM‡q wb‡Ri eyw×UvB †Kv_vq †hb LyB‡q G‡m‡Qb? †g‡nievbx K‡i
ZvovZvwo ej‡eb wK †MvjgvjUv wK‡mi! jvk¸‡jv gvwU Pvcv w`‡Z GZ †ìx n‡‪Q †Kb? VÐvq Avcbvi
gMR R‡g †M‡Q| †Kej G‡jv‡g‡jv eK‡Qb| wbb| (†evZjUv AvMvBqv w`qv) GK PzgyK †U‡b wbb|
kixi Mig n‡e| ey‡K mvnm cv‡eb| K_v ¸wQ‡q ej‡Z cvi‡eb| wbb|
nvwdR : Avcbvi mvg‡b m¨vi? Zvi Dci GLb, m¨vi, bb wWDwU-
†bZv : ZvKvjy‡Ki mgq †bB| jvk¸‡jv gvwU Pvcv w`‡q KviwdD †kl nevi Av‡M Avgv‡ì GLvb
†_‡K m‡i co‡Z n‡e| wX‡jwgi GUv mgq bq| aiæb| GK PzgyK †U‡b PU&cU& KvRUv †kl K‡i
†djyb|
nvwdR : †evZ‡j gyL jvwM‡q Lve m¨vi?
†bZv : †Kb, Pzmwb jvwM‡q w`‡Z n‡e bvwK?
158
(nvwdR †evZjUv gy‡L jvMvBqv †Puv †Puv Kwiqv GK`g Lvwj Kwiqv †dwjj| XK Kwiqv
†evZjUv gvwU‡Z ivwLqv †PvL eo Kwiqv GK gyn~Z© _g& awiqv _v‡K| Zvici AvKY© we¯Í…Z nvwm‡Z
D™¢vwmZ nBqv...) nvwdR : G gvjUv m¨vi Av‡iv fvj| G‡Kev‡i Kj‡Rq wM‡q Nv gv‡i|
†bZv : gy`©v-dwKi jvk¸‡jv †`‡L‡Q?
nvwdR : A¨v! In& nu¨v, gv‡b bv| †eva nq †`‡Lwb| I e¨vUvi Pjv‡div wKQy VvIi Kiv hvq bv|
†Kv‡Ì‡K nVvr ûm& K‡i G‡Kev‡i mvg‡b G‡m c‡o| †eva nq Avovj †_‡K †Mvi-Luy‡o‡ì m‡½ Avgvi
K_vevZ©v ï‡b _vK‡e| AvPgKv †cQb †_‡K jvwd‡q co‡jv| wVK Avgv‡ì gvSLv‡b| Zvici Kx
Zz‡Lvo e³„Zv| Avwg †Zv †Mvi-Luy‡o‡ì K_v †g‡bB wb‡qwQjvg| G-e¨vUvB bv †Kv‡Ì‡K D‡o G‡m
I‡ì eySv‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jv : wKQy‡ZB bv, GKUv Ke‡iB KvR mvi‡Z n‡e| †h nv‡i gvbyl gi‡Q Zv‡Z
bvwK †klUvq Ii Ke‡ii evRv‡i NvUwZ c‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| †`Lyb †Zv Kx me we`Ny‡U K_v!
†bZv : I‡K my× cuy‡Z †dj‡jb bv †Kb?
nvwdR : Kx †h e‡jb m¨vi| gb fywj‡q KvR Av`vq n‡j Rv‡b †g‡i dq`v wK? cvMjv Av`wg, GKUz
Zvj w`‡q K_v ej‡ZB ïo ïo K‡i Avgvi m‡½ P‡j G‡jv| I‡K IB w`‡K cvi K‡i w`‡q Avwg
cvnviv w`w‪Qjvg †hb Avevi nvgjv bv K‡i| Avi GB kvjvivI †mB KLb †_‡K kvej Pvjv‡‪Q, GLbI
bvwK †LuvovB †kl n‡jv bv! (Nwo †`wLqv) GZ¶‡Y wbðqB cÖvq n‡q G‡m‡Q|
†bZv : (Møv‡m PzgyK w`qv) bv| KvRUv wVK nqwb| Gme dwKi ì‡ek eo awoevR †jvK nq! †Kv‡Ì‡K
Kx DrcvZ m„wó Ki‡e †K Rv‡b|
nvwdR : jvk I e¨vUv †`‡Lwb| †`L‡jI wKQy eyS‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| i³-gvs‡mi ¯Í~c| †`‡L I Kx eyS‡e?
G iKg jvk †Zv †UªbPvcv goviI n‡Z cv‡i|
†bZv : ¸wj Pj‡Q `ycyi †ejv| Lei †`kgq Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q m‡½ m‡½ G‡duvo-I‡duvo| dwKi †nvK
cvMj †nvKÑkn‡i †_‡KI G Lei Ii Kv‡b †cu․‡Qwb Zv fve‡Z Avwg ivwR bB| Gme Lei S‡ov
nvIqvi gy‡L Av¸‡bi dzjwKi g‡Zv Qwo‡q c‡o|
nvwdR : gy`©v-dwKi SoI †ev‡S bv, Av¸bI †ev‡S bv| I †Zv GK iKg Ke‡ii evwm›`v| fvlvi
`vwe‡Z wgwQj †ewi‡qwQj e‡j cywjk ¸wj K‡i K‡qKUv‡K LZg K‡i w`‡q‡QÑGZ K_v eySevi g‡Zv
Ávbeyw× Ii bvB| jvk †`L‡jB I gy‡Li g‡a¨ fvZ ¸u‡R w`‡Z PvqÑKviY Ii aviYv, gvbyl ïay GK
iK‡gB gi‡Z cv‡iÑ†L‡Z bv †c‡q| cvMj, e× cvMj|
159
†bZv : wKš‧ jvk¸‡jv‡K †Kv_vq Kei †`qv n‡‪Q Zv †Zv I †`‡L‡Q| mKvj †ejv hw` KvD‡K Av½yj
w`‡q RvqMvUv †`wL‡q †`q? jvk wb‡q wgwQj Ki‡Z bv †c‡i †¶‡c wM‡q mKvj †ejv hw` QvÎiv
GLv‡bI †LuvR Ki‡Z Av‡m?
nvwdR : Avcbviv jxWvi| A‡bK `~i fv‡eb| Avgiv †cwU Awdmvi, ûKzg Zvwgj K‡iB Lvjvm| Kx
Ki‡Z n‡e?
(¯ÍäZv)
†bZv : IUv‡K my× cuy‡Z `vI|
nvwdR : Au¨v? Kx ej‡Qb m¨vi? Avcwb GK&mvB‡UW n‡q †M‡Qb m¨vi| Avi Lv‡eb bv GLb|
†bZv : Avgvi gvÎv Avwg Rvwb| cuy‡Z †dj| `k-c‡b‡iv wek-cuwPk nvZÑhZ wb‡P cv‡iv| G‡Kev‡i
cvZvj ch©šÍ Luyo‡Z e‡j `vI| cv_i w`‡q gvwU w`‡q, fivU K‡i †Mu‡_ †dj| †Kvbw`b †hb Avi Dc‡i
DV‡Z bv cv‡i| †KD †hb †U‡b Dc‡i Zzj‡Z bv cv‡i| †hb wgwQj Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, †køvMvb Zzj‡Z bv
cv‡i, †hb Pu¨vPv‡Z fy‡j hvq|
nvwdR : Avcwb eo GK&mvB‡UW m¨vi! Gme KvR eo m~² m¨vi! GK&mvBU‡g›U me cÐ K‡i w`‡Z
cv‡i| Avgv‡ì †Uªwbs-B G Rb¨ Ab¨ iKg| †Kvb mgqB Avgv‡ì D‡ËwRZ n‡Z †bB| fvb Ki‡Z
cvwi wKš‧ Avm‡j D‡ËwRZ bB|
†bZv : cuy‡Z †dj|
nvwdR : fyj, Lye fyj n‡e| hvB Ki‡Z nq m¨vi Lye coolly Ki‡Z n‡e| Gme Avgv‡ì ixwZgZ
cÖvKwUm K‡i AvqË Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z KvR nq| Avwg GKevi H w`KUv †`‡L Avwm| GZ †ìx n‡‪Q
†Kb eyS‡Z cvw‪Q bv|
†bZv : hvb, ZvovZvwo hvb! Avcbvi K_v ïb‡Z ïb‡Z Kv‡b Zvjv †j‡M †M‡Q| †bkvUv ch©šÍ Rg‡Z
cvi‡Q bv| Avi †ewk¶Y Avcbv‡K †`L‡j, Avcbv‡K my× cuy‡Z †dj‡Z B‡‪Q n‡e|
nvwdR : Au¨v! In&- †n †n †n! Avcbvi K_v ïb‡j nvwm cvq wVKÑwKš‧, gv‡b wc‡j ch©šÍ Pg‡K I‡V
m¨vi| eyKUv aodo K‡i D‡V‡Q| DV‡Z wM‡q g‡b n‡jv †hb c‡o hve| e‡Çv fq †c‡q †MwQ m¨vi|
Av‡iKUz †`‡eb m¨vi? †L‡j GKUz g‡b mvnm Avm‡e| GB bZzb †evZjUv †Kgb m¨vi?
†bZv : (†PvL Zzwjqv) Avcbvi gvÎv Avgvi Rvbv †bB| GB `dvq GKUz Kwg‡q w`jvg| (Møv‡m wKQyUv
Xvwjqv †evZjUv Zzwjqv w`‡jb|)
(wbtk‡ã wcQ‡b Avwmqv ùvovBqv‡Q gy`©v dwKi| †Kn Zvnv‡K †`‡L bvB! me©v½ K¤^‡j XvKv| iæ¶ gqjv
Pzj| Zx¶è †KvUivMZ P¶z R¡wj‡Z‡Q| nvwdR I †bZv †evZj I Mø vm Pzgy‡K Pzgy‡K †kl Kwiqv‡Q|)
160
dwKi : (nvwd‡Ri Kuv‡a nvZ w`qv) SyUv| (nvwdR I †bZv mf‡q wPrKvi Kwiqv D‡V| †bZv `ye©j
ürwcÐ Pvwcqv a‡i|)
†bZv : †K?
nvwdR : Au¨v! In& Avcwb?nVvr AÜKv‡i wPb‡Z cvwiwb ûRyi|
dwKi : SuyUv wg_¨vev`x! Avgv‡K wPb‡Z cv‡i bvÑG-†Mvi¯Ív‡b Ggb †KD †bB| wR›`v-gy`©v †KD bv|
wR›`v Avi gy`©vq cv_©K¨ †ev‡Sv? †`L‡j wPb‡Z cvi‡e?
nvwdR:†m ûRyi Avcbvi †`vqvq|
dwKi : SyUv! Zzwg †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †ev‡Sv bv| Zzwg evPvj, bv-jv‡qK| †Zvgvi g‡Zv wR›`v Av`gx‡K
†KD †`vqv K‡i bv| cvM‡jI bv| Zzwg Avgv‡K †auvKv w`‡qQ| Avwg I‡ì fv‡jv K‡i †`‡LwQ, Iiv
gy`©v bq| g‡iwb| gi‡e bv| Iiv KL‡bv Ke‡i hv‡e bv| Ke‡ii wb‡P Iiv _vK‡e bv| D‡V P‡j
Avm‡e|
nvwdR : Avcwb †Zv GBw`‡K wQ‡jb| Iw`‡K †M‡jb KLb?
dwKi : evev| †Zvgiv kn‡ii Awj-Mwj †hgb †Pb, G †Mvi¯Ívb Avgvi †Zgwb †Pbv| GLv‡b Ke‡ii
wbP w`‡q myos Av‡Q| Avwg •Zwi K‡iwQ| bB‡j †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ cvie †Kb?
nvwdR : †nv †nv †nv| Avcwb eo gRvi K_v e‡j‡Qb ûRyi|
dwKi : GB †Zv wVK eyS‡Z †c‡iQ evev! Zzwg Avgvq duvwK w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡j| †f‡ewQ‡j cvm‡cvU©
Kwi‡qB Icvi Pvjvb K‡i †`‡e| cix¶v bv K‡i wK Avi Avwg Ggwb †h‡Z w`!
nvwdR : mvjvg ûRyi! Avcwb eywS GLvbKvi cvm‡cvU© Awdmvi?gvd K‡i w`b ûRyi, GZ¶Y wPb‡Z
cvwiwb|
dwKi : mvevm †eUv| †Zvi bRi Lyj‡Q|
nvwdR : Zv ûRyi GLb AbygwZ w`b I‡ì cvi K‡i w`|
dwKi : bv, Avwg cÖ_‡gB m‡›`n K‡iwQjvg GKUv wKQy †Mvjgvj wbðqB Av‡Q| ZvB bv Pz‡c Pz‡c myos
w`‡q Xy‡K G‡°ev‡i †Zvgv‡ì XvKv †gvUi Mvwoi †fZi wM‡q DVjvg|
†bZv : BÝ‡c±i|
dwKi : cÖ_‡g †`‡L g‡b n‡jv wVKB Av‡Q| D‡ëcv‡ë †`wL, †KvbUvi ey‡Ki Kv‡Q GK Lvej
†MvkZ †bB, †KvbUvi dvUv Lywj w`‡q Kx me Mwo‡q co‡Q, fvejvg wVKB Av‡Q| Ke‡ii Kv‡ej| wKQy
bq, †kqvjkKz‡b Lvg‡Q Kvg‡o GKUz Lvive K‡i †M‡Q| Zvici nVvr †Lqvj K‡i †`wLÑbv ZvI wVK
bvB| Dûg!
161
nvwdR : †m wK ûRyi| wVK| me †Zv wVKB Av‡Q|
dwKi : †PvcivI| wVK †bB| MÜ wVK †bB| †Zvgiv †PvivKvievwi| Avwg kuy‡K †`‡LwQ MÜ wVK †bB|
nvwdR : MÜ?
dwKi : evwm govi MÜ Avwg wPwb| G jv‡ki MÜ Ab¨ iKg| Ily‡ai, M¨v‡mi, eviæ‡ì MÜ| G-gy`©v
Ke‡i _vK‡e bv| wek-cuwPk-wÎk nvZ hZ wb‡PB gvwU Pvcv `vI bv †KbÑG gy`©v _vK‡e bv| Kei
†f‡O †ewi‡q P‡j Avm‡e| D‡V Avm‡e|
nvwdR : In&! Zvn‡j ejyb Kei †`qv n‡q †M‡Q| _vK| MÜ _vKzK| gvwUi wbP †_‡K bv‡K jvM‡e bv|
dwKi : Iiv †Rvi K‡i Kei w`‡q w`j| AvgvqI ejj bv| AvwgI †Zvgv‡ì K_v gvbe bv| I gy`©v
Ke‡ii bq| Avwg I‡ì †W‡K Zz‡j wb‡q Pjjvg|
nvwdR : †Lv`v nv‡dR|
(dwKi wKQy`~i hvBqv Avevi wdwiqv Av‡m| Uvwbqv Uvwbqv Pvwiw`K nB‡Z wKQy ïuwK‡Z †Póv K‡i|
wb‡Ri kixiI ïu‡K †`‡L|)
dwKi : bv, Avgvi Mv‡qi MÜ bq| †`wLÑ(AvMvBqv Avwmqv GKevi nvwd‡Ri Mv ïuwK‡e| Zvici
SuywKqv nvwd‡Ri gy‡Li NÖvY wbqvB R¡jR¡‡j †PvL weùvwiZ Kwiqv †`q| QywUqv †bZvi gy‡Li NÖvY †bq|
gyL‡PvL AwaKZi D¾¡j Kwiqv) Dn&! ZvB e‡jv! GBevi †c‡qwQ| e¨vUviv wK fyjB bv K‡i‡Q!
†bZv : BÝ‡c±i, †jvKUv‡K `~i K‡i `vI GLvb †_‡K|
dwKi : MÜ! †Zvgv‡ì Mv‡q giv gvby‡li MÜ! †Zvgiv GLv‡b Kx Ki‡Qv? hvI ZvovZvwo Ke‡i hvI|
duvwK w`‡q I‡ì cvwV‡q w`‡q wb‡Riv evB‡i †_‡K gRv jyU‡Z PvI, bv? bv, bv| Avgvi iv‡R¨ Gme
Pj‡e bv| MÜ ïu‡K †Zvgv‡ì Mv‡q gy‡L cvB govi MÜ| †Zvgv‡ì mgq n‡q †M‡Q| wQt, GiKg duvwK
†`q bv! Avwg I‡ì Zz‡j wb‡q AvmwQ, †Zvgiv •Zwi n‡q bvI| Bm&! †MviÑLyu‡oiv Kx fyjB bv K‡i‡Q!
bv, bv G †Zv n‡Z cv‡i bvÑ
(weoweo Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z dwK‡ii cÖ¯vb| g‡Â weg~p †bZv| nvwdR nvwm‡Z‡Q, cÖvY Lywjqv nvwmqv
jB‡Z‡Q| mvd‡jï nvwm| cvbvwaK¨ †nZz wKwÂr †emvgvj|)
nvwdR : †n †n †n †n m¨vi! me LZg m¨vi| Avgiv GLb wd«! †`L‡jb †Zv, cvMjUv‡K Kx iKg †cvl
gvbvjvg| cvMjUv‡K GZ ûRyi ûRyi bv ej‡j nqZ Mv‡qi w`‡KB QyUZ| Avi kixiUv A‡bK¶Y
†_‡KB Ggb boe‡o g‡b n‡‪Q †h, Gi Ici GLb wKQy G‡m co‡j cvËv cvIqv †hZ bv|
†bZv : fv‡jv n‡Zv| Zz‡j wb‡q Avcbv‡K my× cuy‡Z †djvi eë¯v KiZvg|
162
nvwdR : H GKUv †bvsiv K_v evievi ej‡eb bv m¨vi| Zvn‡j AvwgI Avcbvi m¤ú‡K© `yÕGKUv nK&
K_v e‡j †dj‡ev wKš‧|
†bZv : †hgb?
nvwdR : †hgb? †ek| GKUv ejwQ| Avgv‡K Zz‡j wb‡q hvevi g‡Zv ¶gZv ev Ae¯v Avcbvi GLb
†bB| Avcwb GLb wb‡R‡K wb‡R Lvov ivL‡Z cvi‡jB cÖPzi nvZZvwj cv‡eb| e³„Zv bv Ki‡jI
nvZZvwj †`‡ev|
†bZv : gvinvev! mvevm! Lye a‡i‡Qb| wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui gyL D¾¡j Ki‡eb GKw`b| GKeviI †Zv wVK
g‡Zv D‡V ùvovBwb, a‡i †dj‡jb Kx K‡i?
nvwdR : A‡bKw`b n‡jv G-jvB‡b AvwQ m¨vi, GZUzKz eyS‡ev bv?
†bZv : meUv wVK ai‡Z cv‡ibwb| DV‡Z nqZ Kó n‡e, wKš‧ e³„Zv Avwg wVK w`‡Z cvie| Kx, wek¦vm
nq bv eywS?
nvwdR : wek¦vm? nu¨v! cvi‡eb| Zv cvi‡eb| Avwg, Avgvi †eªbUv wVK Av‡Q| †h‡Kv‡bvI cwiw¯wZ‡Z
GLbI Avgvi wWDwU wVK K‡i †h‡Z cvi‡ev| Z‡e, Z‡e gv‡b GB †PvL, Avi Kvb Lv‡gvKvB GKUz
†ewk KvR Ki‡Q e‡j fq n‡‪Q|
†bZv : fq? fq wK‡mi? Zzwg g‡b K‡i‡Qv H gy`©v dwK‡ii K_vq Avwg WivB| GLvb †_‡K hvIqvi
Av‡M IUv‡K gy`©v evwb‡qB hv‡ev| †Kv_vKvi Avgvi wR›`v cxi G‡m‡QbÑIi K_vq †Mvi †_‡K jvk
D‡V Avm‡e| nvwdR : wKQy g‡b Ki‡eb bv m¨vi| GKUv mIqvj cyQ KiwQ Avcbv‡K| g‡b K‡ib,
mwZ¨ hw` H gy`©v dwKi jvk¸‡jvi GKUv wgwQj wb‡q G‡m ùvovqÑKx Ki‡eb ZLb Avcwb?
†bZv : meŸvB‡K, Avcbv‡K my×, GK m‡½ cyu‡Z †dje|
nvwdR : Avwg wKš‧ Avcbvi m‡½ iwmKZv Kwiwb| H gy`©v dwKi ï‡bwQ A‡bK wKQy Rv‡b| wKš‧ hw`
Av‡mI, Avwg fq cvB bv| GKUzI bv| cÖ_‡g nvm‡ev| †`L‡ev| GwM‡q hv‡ev| nvZ †gjv‡ev| fq
wKQy‡ZB cv‡ev bv| (wb‡Ri Mjv `yB nv‡Z m‡Rv‡i wUwcqv awiqv) M...jv wU‡c a‡i ivL‡ev| hv‡Z
ey‡Ki g‡a¨ fq wKQy‡ZB XyK‡Z bv cv‡i| Av‡iKUz †`‡eb m¨vi? ey‡K mvnm Avm‡e| †Kgb Rvwb B‡q
Ki‡Q| (ZZ¶‡Y cvwU©k‡bi H cvk nB‡Z mK‡ji Aj‡¶¨ cÖR¡wjZ Av‡jvKwkLvi Kw¤úZ †Mvj‡Ki
g‡a¨ GKwU fqven gyL fvwmqv DwVqv‡Q| mg¯Í e`bgÐj cwi‡ewóZ Kwiqv i³v³ e¨v‡ÛR| g~wZ©
wbðj| †bZv hLb †kl ev‡ii g‡Zv BÝ‡c±i‡K cvbxq wèvi Rb¨ Møv‡m †evZj Dcyo Kwiqv awiqv‡Qb
ZLb H ¯Íä g~wZ©i GKwU cÖvq A`„k¨ nvZ AÜKvi nB‡Z Kx †hb Qywoqv gvwij| Kuv‡Pi Møv‡m Sb&Sb&
kã| †bZv I nvwd‡Ri fqvZ© AùyU wPrKvi!)
163
nvwdR : ¸wj| ¸wj m¨vi! ï‡q co‬b wkMMxi! ¸wj!
(`yBR‡b Dcyo nBqv ïBqv c‡o| cðv‡Z Kw¤úZ wkLvq wb¯ú›`b gyL! K‡qK gyn~‡Z©i myZxeª
¯ÍäZv|)
†bZv : (Pvcv ¯^‡i) ¸wj †h eyS‡j Kx K‡i?
nvwdR : †`‡LwQ!
†bZv : †K Qy‡o‡Q Zzwg †`‡L‡Qv?
nvwdR : bv| Z‡e Kx Qy‡o‡Q †`‡LwQ|
†bZv : †Kv_vq?
nvwdR : †ewk bo‡eb bv| Luy‡R †`LwQ cvB wKbv| (Dcyo nBqv GKUz Pviw`‡K nvZovq| nVvr Kx Zzwjqv
†`‡L) aiæb †c‡qwQ|
†bZv : (nv‡Z jBqv) GwK? G †h ey‡jU| i³gvLv|
nvwdR : Myj&jx! Myj&jx, fq cv‡eb bv m¨vi| fq †c‡jB me †Mj| G wbðqB H gy`©v dwK‡ii KvÐ|
Uªv‡Ki wfZi Xy‡K jv‡ki Mv †_‡K nqZ Ly‡j wb‡q G‡m‡Q| †m¸‡jvB Qy‡o †g‡i GLb Avgv‡ì fq
†`Lv‡‪Q|
†bZv : I! Zvn‡j e‡jv wKQy bv| gy`©v dwKiÑ†m †Zv R¨všÍ Av`wg| eo fq †c‡q wM‡qwQjvg|
nvwdR : GLb D‡V cov hvK m¨vi! wg‡QwgwQ fq †c‡q jvf wK!
†bZv : BÝ‡c±i!
nvwdR : Rx!
†bZv : Avgvi †Kgb †hb g‡b n‡‪QÑ†h †g‡i‡Q, †m GLbI Avgv‡ì †cQ‡b ùvwo‡q i‡q‡Q| Zzwg
GKUz Ny‡i GKevi †`L †Zv| AvwgI ZvKvw‪Q|
nvwdR : (ax‡i gv_v NyivBqv †`‡L me©v½ wknwiqv D‡V| AvcÖvY †Póvq A¯^vfvweK w¯i K‡É) D‡V G‡m‡Q|
†bZv : †K?
nvwdR : †mB jvkUv!
†bZv : jvk? †Kvb jvkUv?
nvwdR : ey‡jU LvIqv QvÎ| Lywj †bB!
†bZv : In&! Kx Pvq?
nvwdR : PzcPvc ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| wR‡Ám K‡i †`Le?
†bZv : Kx wR‡Ám Ki‡e?
164
nvwdR : G Kx Pvq, †Kb D‡V G‡m‡Q, VvÐv jvM‡Q bvwKÑGB me?
†bZv : Avgv‡ì K_v eyS‡e?
nvwdR : UªvB Ki‡Z n‡e| me jvB‡bB UªvB Ki‡Z n‡e| GUv GKUv bZzb wmPz‡qkvb m¨vi| Kyjwj
AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e| NUbv wn‡m‡e GUv Aev¯Íe n‡Z eva¨| wKš‧ AbïKg n‡jI Avgv‡ì fq †c‡j
Pj‡e bv|
†dBm Ki‡ZB n‡e| (DwVqv ùvovB‡e| †ek Kó| bvUz‡K gvZv‡ji Ujvqgvb Ae¯v bq, Z‡e †bkv †h
Df‡qiB Lye Mvp nBqv‡Q Zvnv ¯úó|)
†bZv : Avcwb wKš‧ fq cv‡eb bv| Avwg †cQ‡b i‡qwQ| wc¯Í‡ji wUc Avgvi cv°v|
nvwdR : Lei`vi, Agb KvRI Ki‡eb bv| (wdm& wdm& Kwiqv) wc¯Í‡ji †Km GUv bq m¨vi! eyS‡Z
cvi‡Qb bvÑGUvÑwVK gv‡b, Ab¨ wRwbm, gvbyl bq| wc¯Íj †i‡L w`b| j¶ Kiæb Avwg Kx iKg mvg‡j
wbw‪Q| GKUz Avjvc Ki‡Z cvi‡jB †cvl gvwb‡q †b‡ev| (ax‡i ax‡i AvMvBqv g~wZ©i wbKU Av‡m!
evZv‡m Uvwbqv Uvwbqv ¯úk© Kwi‡Z †Póv K‡i|) GB|ÑGB! Avgvi K_v ïb‡Z cv‪Q! GB! †nB| (g~wZ©
bxie! wbðj) (Nywiqv) m¨vi, †Kvb mvov w`‡‪Q bv †h?
†bZv : †eva nq Avgv‡ì m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z Av‡mwb| Avgv‡ì m‡½ nqZ †Kvb KvR †bB| fv‡jv|
Zv fv‡jv| I _vKzK| P‡jv Avgiv Avgv‡ì Kv‡R hvB|
nvwdR : Zv nq bv m¨vi| I‡K GLv‡b ùvo Kwi‡q Avgiv P‡j hv‡ev? Zv nq bv m¨vi| Avgvi wWDwU
Avgv‡K Ki‡ZB n‡e| I‡K †dir bv cvwV‡q Avgiv P‡j †h‡Z cvwi bv m¨vi!
g~wZ© : Avwg hv‡ev bv| Avwg _vK‡ev| (`yÕR‡b nZevK| ax‡i ax‡i nvwdR AvMvBqv hvq)|
nvwdR : †Kv_vq hv‡e? †Kv_vq _vK‡e?
g~wZ© : Ke‡i hv‡ev bvÑGLv‡b _vK‡ev|
nvwdR :Aey‡Si g‡Zv K_v e‡jv bv| †Zvgv‡ì GLb GLv‡b Avi _vK‡Z †bB| †Zvgiv g‡i †MQ |
Ab¨Lv‡b †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ bZzb RvqMv wVK n‡q †M‡Q| †mLv‡bB GLb †Zvgv‡ì P‡j hvIqv DwPZ|
g~wZ© : wg‡_¨ K_v| Avgiv gwiwb| Avgiv gi‡Z PvBwb| Avgiv gi‡ev bv|
nvwdR : (†bZvi Kv‡Q Avwmqv) eo GKMuy‡q m¨vi| Avjvc K‡i mywe‡a n‡e g‡b n‡‪Q bv| GKUv e³„Zv
w`‡q †`L‡eb m¨vi? hw` wKQy AvQi nq! cvi‡eb bv m¨vi? Avcwb †Zv e‡jwQ‡jbÑhvB †nvKÑe³„Zv
w`‡Z Avcbvi †Kvb Kó n‡e bv| GKevi UªvB Kiæb bv!
165
†bZv : (fv‡jv Kwiqv ïwbqv) †`L †Q‡j, Avgvi eqm n‡q‡Q| †Zvgvi gyiweŸivI Avgv‡K gv‡b| eûKvj
†_‡K G‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ Av½y‡j wU‡c wU‡c M‡owQ, †kc w`‡qwQ! KI‡gi e„nËg ivR‣bwZK cÖwZôv‡bi
ej‡Z cvi, AvwgB GK‪QÎ gvwjK! †KvwU †KvwU †jvK Avgvi ûKz‡g D‡V e‡mÑ
g~wZ© : Ke‡i hv‡ev bv|
†bZv : Av‡M K_vUv fv‡jv K‡i †kv‡bv| Zzwg eyw×gvb †Q‡j, wkw¶Z †Q‡j| †Póv Ki‡jB Avgvi K_v
eyS‡Z cvi‡e| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi me‡P‡q DuPz K¬v‡m D‡VQ| A‡bK †KZve c‡oQ| †Zvgvi gv_v Av‡Q|
g~wZ© : wQj| GLb †bB| LywjB †bB| D‡o †M‡Q| †fZ‡i hv wQj iv¯Ívq wQuU‡K c‡o bó n‡q †M‡Q|
†bZv : RxweZ _vK‡Z Zzwg †`‡ki AvBb gvb‡Z PvIwb| g‡i wM‡q Zzwg GLb cicv‡ii Kvbyb‡KI
AeÁv Ki‡Z PvI| Kgy¨wbR‡gi †cÖZvZ¥v †Zvgv‡K fi K‡i‡Q, ZvB g‡i wM‡qI GLb Zzwg Ke‡i †h‡Z
PvI bv| †Zvgvi g‡Zv †Q‡jiv †`‡ki giY †W‡K Avb‡e| mKj me©bvk bv †`‡L Zzwg eywS Ke‡i
wM‡qI kvšÍ _vK‡Z cvi‡Qv bv| †Zvgv‡K †`‡ki bv‡g KI‡gi bv‡g `x‡bi bv‡g, hviv GLbI
g‡iwbÑZv‡ì bv‡gÑwgbwZ KiwQÑZzwg hvI, hvI, hvI!
g~wZ© : Avwg euvP‡ev|
†bZv : Kx jvf †Zvgvi †eu‡P? AkvwšÍ †W‡K Avbv Qvov †Zvgvi †eu‡P Kx jvf? Zzwg †eu‡P _vK‡j evievi
†`‡k Av¸b R¡‡j DV‡e, mewKQy cywo‡q QviLvi bv K‡i †m Av¸b wbf‡e bv! Zvi †P‡q Zzwg j²x
†Q‡ji g‡Zv Ke‡i P‡j hvI| †`L‡e `yÕw`‡b me kvšÍ n‡q hv‡e| †`‡k myL wd‡i Avm‡e| (g~wZ© gv_v
bv‡o) Avwg Iqv`v KiwQ †Zvgv‡ì `vwe Aÿ‡i Aÿ‡i Avgiv wgwU‡q †`‡ev| †Zvgvi bv‡g gby‡g›U
M‡o †`‡ev| †Zvgvi `vwe A¨v‡m¤^jx‡Z cvk Kwi‡q †b‡ev| †`k‡Rvov †Zvgvi Rb¨ cÖPv‡ii eë¯v
Ki‡ev| hv ej‡e ZvB Ki‡ev| †`vnvB †Zvgvi Zey Agb ¯Íä cv_‡ii g~wZ©i g‡Zv, AvKvk †Quvqv
cvnv‡oi g‡Zv wbðj n‡q ùvwo‡q †_‡Kv bv| g‡i hvI, P‡j hvI, A`„k¨ n‡q hvI|
(me©v‡½ Kvd‡bi Kvco RovBqv Avi GKwU g~wZ© wbtk‡ã gv_v Zzwjqv ùvovBqv‡Q| Pz‡j i³-
gvLv| gy‡L AvNv‡Zi wPý| †Vuv‡Ui `yB cv‡k weï®‥ i³‡iLv|)
†K? Zzwg †K?
g~wZ© (2) : bvg ej‡j wPb‡Z cvi‡eb bv| nvB‡Kv‡U©i †Kivbx wQjvg| ZLb †Ui cvBwb| dzmdz‡mi
†fZi w`‡q P‡j wM‡qwQj| GwcV GwcV| †evKv Wv³vi LvgvKv †K‡UKz‡U ¸wjUv Luy‡R Luy‡R nqivb
n‡q‡Q| RgvU i‡³i g‡a¨ dz‡Uv bR‡iB c‡owb cÖ_‡g|
†bZv : ZzwgI GB `‡j G‡m Ry‡U‡Qv bvwK?
g~wZ© (2) : ¸wj w`‡q †Mu‡_ w`‡q‡Qb| B‡‪Q Ki‡jI Avj&Mv n‡Z cvi‡ev bv|
166
†bZv : Zzwg Avgv‡K †Pb?
g~wZ© (2) : PkgvUv Avi Luy‡R cvBwb| AÜKv‡i Avcbv‡K †Pbv hv‡‪Q bv| Z‡e Avcbvi Mjv wPwb|
†bZv : Avgvi K_v ï‡bQ? GBgvÎ hv ejwQjvg?
g~wZ© (2) : Avcwb wg_¨vev`x| K_v w`‡q Avcwb K_v iv‡Lb bv| Avcwb A‡bK Iqv`v K‡i †mevi
Avgv‡ì †ò gvm j¤^v ag©NU †f‡½ w`‡q‡Qb| Avgvi †QvU †Q‡jUv ZLb gviv hvq| Avcbvi K_v
ï‡bwQ| Avcbvi K_v fywjwb| Avcwb wg‡_ëv`x|
g~wZ© : Avgiv Ke‡i hv‡ev bv|
g~wZ© (2) : Avgiv euvP‡ev| (weoweo Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cðv‡Z wMqv Dcyo nBqv ewm‡e| Avi †`Lv hvB‡e
bv|) (†bZv gv_v wbPz Kwiqv mwiqv Av‡m| nvwdR AMÖmi nBqv Kv‡bi Kv‡Q †ek †Rv‡i wdm& wdm&
Kwiqv)
nvwdR : n‡e bv| GB jvB‡b wVK KvR n‡e bv m¨vi| Ab¨ iv¯Ív ai‡Z n‡e| Avgvi gv_vq GKUv cøvb
G‡m‡Q| †`L‡eb wVK Kvey K‡i †dj‡ev| GKUz †fvj e`jv‡Z n‡e| meB Avgv‡ì Ki‡Z nq m¨vi|
Avcwb Pzc K‡i e‡m †`Lyb| (nvwdR PvìUv Lywjqv GK cu¨vP Mv‡qi Dci RovBqv evwK Ask †NvgUvi
g‡Zv gv_vi Dci Zzwjqv w`j|)
†bZv : Xs Qv‡ov| †g‡q‡jv‡Ki g‡Zv †NvgUv w`‡q‡Qv †Kb?
nvwdR : (wdm& wdm& Kwiqv) Pzc| Avwg GLb ¯¿x‡jvK| H †QvKivi gv| K_v ej‡eb bv| †`‡L hvb|
eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb bv mevB GKUz †Nv‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡Q, wKQy ai‡Z cvi‡e bv|
(AuvPj Uvwbqv, †NvgUv DVvBqv mvg‡b Avwmqv ùvovq| KÉ¯î‡K Abvek¨Kfv‡e ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki g‡Zv Kwiqv
Zzwjevi †Póv bvB| Z‡e h‡_vchy³ Av‡e‡M ficyi|) †LvKv! †LvKv!
g~wZ© : (PÂj| †e`bvnZ!) †K? †K Wv‡K?
nvwdR : †LvKv †Kv_vq †Mwj ZzB? †Lv-Kv!
g~wZ© : ... †K? gv? gv| ZzB †Kv_vq gv? (k~‡b¨ nvZovq|)
nvwdR : GB †h hv`y, Avwg GLv‡b|
g~wZ© : Zzwg Avgvi Ici Lye ivM K‡iQ bv gv? Zzwg eviY Ki‡j, Zey Avwg ïbjvg bv| iv¯Ív †_‡K
Iiv WvK‡jv| Avwg Qy‡U †ewi‡q †Mjvg| †Zvgvi Kv‡Q ej‡Z †M‡j cv‡Q Zzwg evav `vIÑ†mB Rb¨
†Zvgv‡K wKQy bv e‡jB Pz‡c Pz‡c P‡j †MwQ| AvR †h IiKg †Mvjgvj n‡e Zzwg Av‡M †_‡K Kx K‡i
Rvb‡j gv?
167
nvwdR : gv n‡j me Rvb‡Z nq| gv n‡j RvbwZ, gvi Kó Kx! gvi eyK Lvwj n‡j, gvi †Kgb jv‡M,
ZzB `my¨ †Q‡j eySwe bv|
g~wZ© : †Zvgvi me Kó eywS gv| bvK-gyL †e‡q Avgvi †Kej i³ Mwo‡q cowQj| mg¯Í `ywbqvUv Svcmv
n‡q Gj| Avgvi ZLb Lvwj Kx g‡b nw‪Qj Rvb gv? g‡b nw‪Qj Zzwg eywS Avgv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i
Kuv`‡Qv| †mB †mevi UvBd‡qW R¡‡ii †Nv‡i hLb Lvwj cÖjvc eKZvg, ZLb †hgb Avgvq Rwo‡q a‡i
Kuv`‡ZÑwVK †Zgwb| Avi Avgvi bvK-gyL Mwo‡q †Zvgvi †Pv‡Li Mig †bvbv cvwb †Kej Si‡Q|
Si‡Q|
nvwdR : Zey †Zv †Kvb K_v ïwbm& bv| †Kej gvi `ytL evov‡ZB R‡b¥wQm| G †Zv‡ì Kx bZzb †bkv!
GZ giY-cvMj †Kb †Zviv?
g~wZ© : wg‡Q K_v gv! Avgiv †KD gi‡Z PvBwb gv| †Zvgvi Kv‡Q _vK‡Z wK Avgvi B‡‪Q K‡i bv?
nvwi‡K‡bi jÉb †R¡‡j A‡bK ivZ ch©šÍ coe| †Zj K‡g G‡j mj‡Z D‡¯‥ w`‡q coe, Avi Zzwg
evievi G‡m eK‡eÑ†Kej eK‡e| Zvici jÉb †Rvi K‡i †K‡o wb‡q hv‡e| †U‡b weQvbvq ïB‡q
†`‡e| AÜKv‡i gkvixi duvK w`‡q Qvqv-g~wZ©i g‡Zv Ny‡g Rov‡bv †Zvgvi †QvU G‡jv‡g‡jv kixiUv
†`L‡evÑ†`L‡evÑgv, P‡j †hI bvÑgv! †Zvgvq Avwg †`L‡evÑ†Zvgvq Avwg Avì Ki‡ev gvÑZzwg
†Kv_vq gv?Ñgv!
nvwdR : Ny‡gi †Nv‡i Kx eKwQm? ¯^cœ †`LwQwj eywS? A‡bK ivZ n‡q‡Q j²x evev, Avi ivZ †R‡M
c‡o KvR †bB| weQvbv K‡i †i‡LwQ| hv`y Avgvi ï‡Z hv|
g~wZ© : Avgv‡K ï‡Z †h‡Z ej‡Qv gv? bv| bv| Avwg †kve bv| Avwg GLb †kv‡ev bv gv| Avwg Avi
†Kvbw`b †kv‡ev bv| GKevi Nywg‡q co‡j Iiv Avgv‡K Avi RvM‡Z †`‡e bv| Zzwg eyS‡Z cviQ bv
gvÑbv, bv Avwg †kv‡ev bv| Avwg hv‡ev bv| Avwg _vK‡ev| Avwg D‡V Avm‡ev!
†bZv : BÝ‡c±i! †Zvgvi G f~Zz‡o bvUK Avi KZ¶Y Pj‡e?
nvwdR : wQt evev! wR` K‡iv bv| j²xwU ï‡Z hvI| gvi K_v †kv‡bv|
(wØZxq g~wZ© AvPgKv PÂj nBqv DwVqv ùvovq)
g~wZ© (2) :(A®úófv‡e nvwd‡Ri w`‡K nvZ evovBqv) wg›Uz! wg›Uz! wg›Uz Nygvqwb GLbI?
nvwdR : (myi cvëvBqv) †Zvgvi †Kv‡j Avmvi Rb¨ Kuv`‡Q|
g~wZ© (2) :`vI, Avgvi †Kv‡j `vI| (ev‪Pv †Kv‡j jBevi fw½ K‡i) Bm! R¡‡i †h Mv cy‡o hv‡‪Q †Mv!
†bZv : Lei`vi! †d‡j `vI| IUv‡K †d‡j `vI †Kvj †_‡K| GB †klev‡ii g‡Zv ejwQ GLbI fv‡jv
PvI †Zv m‡i c‡ov| P‡j hvI me|
168
g~wZ© : Avwg hv‡ev bv| Avwg euvP‡ev gv| e„wó‡Z †fRv big Nv‡mi Ici w`‡q Lvwj cv‡q Avwg Av‡iv
nuvU‡ev gv| VvÐv iæ‡cvi g‡Zv cvwb wP‡i nvZ cv Qy‡o muvZvi KvU‡ev gv!
g~wZ© (2) : Kuvw`m‡b wg›Uz! †Zvi evc wK Kg †Póv K‡i‡Q? `yóz gy`x wKQy‡ZB gv‡mi †kl e‡j GK iwË
evwj© evwK w`j bv| †eZb †bB †ò gvm, †`‡e †Kb? ZzB Kuvw`m‡b wg›Uz| ZzB Kuv`‡j †Zvi gvI †Kej
Kuv`‡e| GLb Pzc K‡i Nywg‡q _vK| †`Lwe, Kvj †fv‡i me R¡i †Kv_vq P‡j †M‡Q|
†bZv : Kvj ch©šÍ †Zvgv‡ì wb‡q GLv‡b Vvq ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z n‡e bvwK? bv Avwg Zv cvi‡ev bv|
GZme Ave`vi Avgvi m‡½ Pj‡e bv| †MU AvDU! †Wwfjm! hvI ejwQ|
nvwdR : D‡ËwRZ n‡eb bv m¨vi! Kzj&wj! KzDjwj!
g~wZ© : Zzwg GKUzI fq †c‡qv bv| wK‪Qy †f‡ev bv gv| Avwg wKQy‡ZB gi‡ev bv| Qvqvg~wZ©i g‡Zv evi
evi Avm‡ev| Zzwg hw` Avgvi K_v fve‡Z fve‡Z Nywg‡q c‡ov, ìRvq G‡m †UvKv †`‡ev| †P․gv_vi
†gv‡o
ùvwo‡q nvZLvwb w`‡q †Zvgv‡i Bkviv Ki‡ev| †Zvgvi †Kv‡j Suvwc‡q co‡ev gv|
g~wZ© (3) : (†Kv‡ji KwíZ mšÍvb‡K) `~i †evKv! ZzB ¯^cœ †`LwQm| f‡qi Kx Av‡Q? ZzB †Zv Avgvi
†Kv‡j! Avwg _vK‡Z †Zv‡K gv‡i Ggb •`Z¨ `ywbqvq †bB| (mvg‡bi w`‡K Bkviv Kwiqv) I¸‡jv wKQy
bv| me mO †m‡R †Zv‡K fq †`Lv‡Z Pvq| ZzB Ny‡gv| Ny‡gv|
†bZv : BÝ‡c±i! Avwg Gme gvwb bv| Avwg me cuy‡Z †dj‡ev| GKUv GKUv K‡i ¸wj K‡i Avwg me
gvwUi m‡½ wgwk‡q †`‡ev| nvRvi nvRvi nvZ gvwUi wb‡P me cuy‡Z †dj‡ev| hv‡Z †Kvbw`b Avi DV‡Z
bv cv‡i| fq †`Lv‡Z bv cv‡i| ¸wj, me¸‡jv‡K Avevi ¸wj K‡iv| MvW©!
(nšÍ`šÍ nBqv cÖ‡ek K‡i gy`©v dwKi)
dwKi : R¡x ûRyi|
†bZv : (j¶¨ bv Kwiqv) ¸wj K‡iv|
dwKi : ¸wj In&! nu¨v! Av‡Q| Avgvi Kv‡Q Av‡iv K‡qKUv Av‡Q| GB wbb ey‡jU| Lye ZvRv| UvUKv!
GLbI Lyb †j‡M i‡q‡Q| nvZ cvZzb| aiæb!
(¯Íw¤¢Z fqvZ© weg~p †bZv nvZ evovBqv MÖnY Kwi‡e) †jvW Avcwb Kiæb| Avwg I‡ì‡K †W‡K wb‡q
Avwm| hvB| Avwg wgwQjUv GB w`‡K †W‡K wb‡q Avwm|
(nšÍ`šÍ nBqv dwK‡ii cÖ¯vb| †mB Mgb c‡_i w`‡K ZvKvBqv †bZv GKevi wb‡Ri eyK Pvwcqv a‡i|
nvwdR wcQb nB‡Z AvMvBqv Zvnv‡K a‡i|)
169
(†bc‡_¨ gy`©v dwKi wPrKvi Kwi‡Z‡Q : †Zviv †Kv_vq †Mwj? me Nywg‡q bvwK? D‡V Avq|
ZvovZvwo D‡V Avq| me wgwQj K‡i D‡V Avq| ¸wj| ¸wj n‡e, ù~wZ© K‡i D‡V Avq me! †Kv_vq
†Mwj? me D‡V Avq| wgwQj K‡i Avq Gw`‡K| AvR ¸wjÑ¸wj n‡e AvR! Kei Lvwj K‡i me D‡V
Avq!)
(g‡Âi Dc‡ii jvj g~wZ©Øq gy`©v dwK‡ii WvK Kvb cvwZqv ïwb‡ZwQj| µ‡g GKUz PÂj nBqv DwVj|
Zvici ax‡i ax‡i GKR‡bi wcQ‡b Av‡iKRbÑµ‡g AviI A‡bKÑmvwi w`qv Pwjqv hvB‡e Ges
Zvnv‡ì Dci cÖwZdwjZ Av‡jvi †iLvI µ‡g wejxb nBqv hvB‡e|)
†bZv : (weeY© gy‡L) BÝ‡c±i! nvU©Uv Rvwb †Kgb Ki‡Q| eo fq †c‡q †MwQ! GKUy a‡i †i‡Lv
Avgv‡K! Avi Avi GKUz †X‡j w`‡Z cvi‡e?
nvwdR : bv! Avcbvi GLb ûuk †bB! Avgvi wb‡RiI nq‡Zv †bB| wVK eyS‡Z cviwQ bv!
(wcQb nB‡Z MvW© nVvr jÉb nv‡Z XywKqv cwoqv cÖPÐ k‡ã eyU VywKqv m¨vjyU K‡i|)
†bZv : (PgwKqv) †K? GUv Kx Avevi?
nvwdR : (†`wLqv) BwWqU! GUv wK †Zvgvi c¨v‡iW MÖvDÛ bvwK? e›`y‡Ki ¸wji g‡Zv m¨vjyU Ki‡Z
wk‡LQ †`LwQ| Kx PvI?
MvW© : Mvwo‡Z DBW¨v nM‡j Avcbv‡Mv jvBMv G‡šÍRvi KiZv‡Q| me Kvg LZg| KviwdI †kl
nB‡ZI Avi †ìx bvB|
nvwdR : (cÖ_g j¶ Kwij †h, gÂ Lvwj! fv‡jv K‡i K‡qKevi †PvL KPjvq) ¸W! me KvR LZg †Zv?
¸W&! me KvR LZg m¨vi| bxU Re| wek¦vm n‡‪Q bv eywS m¨vi| fv‡jv K‡i †`Lyb bv wb‡RB|
†bZv : (ax‡i ax‡i †PvL NyivBqv †`‡L, Zvici mvg‡bi w`‡K A_©nxb welYœ `„wó †gwjqv Pzc Kwiqv
_v‡K) ûg!
MvW© : wKQy Zvjvk Ki‡Z‡Qb ûRyi? LuyBRv †`Lyg?
†bZv : bv P‡jv|
nvwdR : gv‡b... wKQy bv m¨vi! Gme wKQy bv| †Mvi¯Ív‡b GiKg KZ wKQy nq| Zvi Dci Avevi m¨vi...
†bZv : ûg| P‡jv! Avi `¨v‡Lv gy`©v dwKiUv‡K m‡½ wb‡Z n‡e| wKQyw`b _vKzK| (ey‡K nvZ Pvwcqv a‡i|)
nvwdR : Au¨v? gy`©v dwKi? In&! wbðqB, wbðqB! B‡qm m¨vi!

(mK‡jB ax‡i ax‡i Pwjqv hvB‡e| MvW© Møvm, †evZj BZ¨vw` ¸QvBqv jB‡e|)
hewbKv
170
†jLK cwiwPwZ
gybxi †P․ayix 1925 wLª÷v‡ãi 27 b‡f¤î gvwbKMÄ kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
†_‡K 1947 mv‡j Bs‡iwR‡Z GgG, 1954 mv‡j KvivMvi †_‡K cix¶v w`‡q evsjvq GgG Ges nvf©vW©
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1958 mv‡j fvlvZ‡Ë¡ GgG cvm K‡ib| PvKwiRxe‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K wZwb Lyjbvi
†`․jZcyi K‡j‡R, XvKvi RMbœv_ K‡j‡R I XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Bs‡iwR wefv‡M Aa¨vcbv K‡ib|
cieZ©x mg‡q wZwb GKB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M †hvM`vb K‡ib| evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq
ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ívb miKvi Zuv‡K `xN©w`b a‡i Kviviæ× K‡i iv‡L| K…Zx Aa¨vcK, bvU¨Kvi, mgv‡jvPK
I †kÖvZv-m‡¤§vnbKvix e³v wn‡m‡e wZwb L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi iwPZ I Ab~w`Z bvUKÑÔi³v³
cÖvšÍiÕ, ÔwPwVÕ, ÔKeiÕ, Ôi~cvi †K․UvÕ, ÔgyLiv igYx ekxKiYÕ BZ¨vw`| †k·wcqi, MjmIqv`©x I evb©vW
k-Gi Abyev‡` wZwb we‡kl K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi cÖeÜMÖš wn‡m‡e gxigvbm, Zzjbvg~jK
mgv‡jvPbv, evsjv M`ïxwZ we‡klfv‡e D‡jLø ‡hvM¨| bvU¨PP©vq gybxi †P․ayix welq wbe©vPb, Aeqe
wbg©vY Ges gÂvq‡bi wePv‡i AZ¨vaywbK I gbbkxj wQ‡jb| fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi mgKvjxb BwZnvm‡K
welq K‡i wZwb †h ÔKeiÕ bvUK iPbv Ges †R‡ji g‡a¨ bvUKwU †hfv‡e nvwi‡K‡bi Av‡jvq gÂvqb
K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv AvRI evsjv bvU¨-mvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡m wKse`wšÍZzj¨ NUbv n‡q Av‡Q| `xbeÜz wg‡Îi
Ôbxj`c©YÕ Ges weRb fÆvPv‡h©i ÔbevbœÕ bvU‡Ki ci gybxi †P․ayixi Ke‡ii g‡Zv Avi †Kvb bvUK
GZUv Av‡jvob m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cÖMwZev`x I hyw³ev`x bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e wZwb mycÖwZwôZ wQ‡jb|
1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j 14 wW‡m¤î wZwb ¯^vaxbZv-we‡ivax Avjeì evwnbxi Øviv
AcüZ I knx` nb|
g~~jfve
1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi| Mfxi ivZ| †Mvi¯Ív‡b fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi kwn`‡ì †Mvc‡b `vdb Kivi
Rb¨ Avbv n‡q‡Q| Gw`‡K Rvwi Kiv n‡q‡Q mvÜ¨-AvBb| mg¯Í GjvKv Rbk~b¨| jvkMy‡jv `vdb Kivi
`vwqZ¡ c‡o‡Q GKRb ivR‣bwZK †bZv I GKRb cywjk Awdmv‡ii Ici| †Mvi¯Ív‡b i‡q‡Q MvW©|
mevB fxZmš¿¯Í| †Mvi‡Lv`‡Kiv †Mvi †Luvovi Kv‡R e¨¯Í| GB bvU‡Ki ivR‣bwZK †bZv Ges nvwdR
PwiÎ `ywU cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK I †kvlK †kÖwYi PvUzKvi I †`vmi‡ì cÖwZf‚| Ab¨w`‡K dwKi
AKz‡Zvfq, cÖwZev`gyLi mvnmx evsjvi mšÍvb| †bZv fq I kx‡Zi iv‡Zi VvÐvq R‡ovm‡ov I
g`¨cvbiZ| †Mvi‡Lv`‡Kiv GKB Ke‡i mg¯Í jvk `vdb Ki‡Z ivwR bq| H mgq AvMgb N‡U gy`©v
dwK‡ii| gy`©v dwKi Rv‡b bv jvk¸‡jv Kv‡ì| gy`©v dwKi we‡kl GK gyn~‡Z© nvwRi nIqvq nvwdR
Ges †bZv Df‡qB wew¯§Z| gy`©v dwKi †K․k‡j jv‡ki cwiPq wb‡q †bq| nvwdR Avi †bZv `yR‡bB
171
g‡ì †bkvq Pzi n‡q Av‡Q| Ggb mgq nVvr GKUv kã‡K Zviv ¸wji kã g‡b K‡i fxZmš¿¯Í n‡q
c‡o| Zviv g‡b K‡i GUv dwK‡ii KvÐ| wKš‧ †PvL Zz‡j ZvKv‡ZB AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ †`‡L mvg‡b GKwU
Qv‡Îi ey‡jUwe× jvk, hvi gv_vi Lywj †bB| nvwdR Avi †bZv jv‡ki Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvqÑ†m Kx Pvq|
wKš‧ †Kv‡bv DËi †g‡j bv| jv‡ki gy‡L eywj †dv‡U| †m e‡j †h †m †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Ke‡i hv‡e bv,
ILv‡bB _vK‡e| GiB gv‡S Dcw¯Z nq wØZxq jv‡ki Qvqvg~wZ©| †m wQj nvB‡Kv‡U©i †Kivwb| ¸wj
Zvi GwcV-IwcV K‡i dymdz‡mi †fZi P‡j †M‡Q| †mI Ke‡i †h‡Z bvivR| nvwdR †k‡l Qjbv K‡i
gv‡qi wg_¨v Awfbq K‡i †LvKv‡ì †auvKv †`q| Zvi †K․kj mdj nq| GB PvZzh© mdj n‡q‡Q GB
Kvi‡Y †h g„Zz¨Äqx kwn‡ìv †Kej gvZ…f~wg, gvZ…fvlv I gv‡qi Kv‡Q bZRvby n‡Z Rv‡b|
ÔKeiÕ bvU‡K evsjvi exi mšÍvb‡ì ¯^‡`k‡cÖg, AvZ¥-m‡PZbZv Ges gvZ…fvlvcÖxwZ Ke‡i wd‡i bv
hvIqvi cÖZx‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| KviY, Zviv †h Agi, †`‡ki gyw³i Rb¨ knx` Ges GK`v Zv‡ì
G AvZ¥Z¨vM †`kgvZ…Kvi Rb¨ eo gyw³ G‡b †`‡e, G bvU‡K ZviB Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
172
Aa¨vq 9
evsjv fvlvi Dcv`vb
evsjv fvlvi Dcv`vb

fvlv kãwU G‡m‡Q ms¯‥…Z Ôfvl&Õ avZz †_‡K hvi A_© K_v ejv| fvlvi mvnv‡h¨B gvbyl Zvi wPšÍv, a¨vb-
aviYv, g‡bi fve cÖKvk K‡i| Pvj©m Gd n‡K‡Ui g‡Z Ôfvlv n‡‪Q gvby‡li Ggb GK Abb¨myjf
•ewkó¨ (Differentia) hv Ab¨ cÖvYx †_‡K gvbyl‡K ¯^vZš¿¨ `vb K‡i‡QÕ (gynv¤§` `vbxDj nK, 1990)|
gvbyl Zvi G gnr •ewkó¨wU nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii µgweKv‡ki avivq AR©b K‡i‡Q|
gvby‡li evM&h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ †h aŸwb D‪PvwiZ nq, Zvi hw` †Kvb A_© cÖKvk nq Z‡e Zv fvlvi gh©v`v
jvf K‡i| evM&hš¿ ev K_vejvi hš¿ ej‡Z †evSvq dzmdzm, Mjbvjx, Mjv, ùvZ, gvwo, wRe, †VuvU, bvK,
Zvjy, ¯îZš¿x, gyLMnŸi BZ¨vw`| dzmdzmB evMaŸwb m„wói g~j †K›`ª| k¦vm †bevi cÖ‡qvR‡b †h evZvm
MÖnY Kiv nq Zv †Q‡o †èvi mgq Mjbvjx I gy‡Li †fZ‡ii wewfbœ ¯v‡b bvbv fv‡e evav cvq| GB
evavi ¯vb, iƒc I cwigvc Abymv‡i wewfbœ aŸwb D‪PvwiZ nq| aŸwb wg‡j nq kã| k‡ã _v‡K A_©|
Gfv‡e gvbyl g‡bi fv‡ei h_vh_ cÖKvk NUvq k‡ãi gva¨‡g|
evsjv fvlvi g~j Dcv`vbmg~n

gvbyl Zvi e³e¨ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ evM&h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi A_©‡evaK aŸwb m„wó K‡i _v‡K| evM&hš¿
†_‡K Drcvw`Z A_©en aŸwb ev aŸwbi mgwóB fvlv| fvlvi ¶z`ªZg GKK n‡jv aŸwb| aŸwb fvlvi
†g․wLK ev D‪PvwiZ iƒc| Gi wjwLZ iƒc n‡jv eY©| A‡bK¸‡jv aŸwb wg‡j •Zwi nq GKwU kã| Avevi
A‡bK¸‡jv kã wg‡j m„wó nq GKwU evK¨| G aŸwb, kã I evK¨B fvlvi †g․wjK ev g~j Dcv`vb|
†hgb-
173
aŸwb m¤úwK©Z aviYv
aŸwb n‡jv fvlvi ¶z`ªZg GKK| G‡K Avi fvM Kiv hvq bv| evsjv fvlvi aŸwbmg~n •eÁvwbKfv‡e
myweb¨¯Í| Gi Av‡Q ¯îaŸwb I e¨Äb aŸwb|
¯îaŸwbi cÖKvi‡f` : •ewkó¨ Abymv‡i ¯îaŸwb‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb : (K) †g․wjK ¯îaŸwb
I (L) †h․wMK ¯îaŸwb|
K) †gŠwjK ¯îaŸwb : GKwU gvÎ g~j ¯îaŸwb‡K †g․wjK ¯îaŸwb e‡j| G‡ì we‡kølY ev fvM Kiv hvq
bv| evsjv †g․wjK ¯îaŸwb 7wU| G¸‡jv n‡‪Q : A, Av, B, D, G, I, A¨v| evsjv fvlvq A¨v aŸwbwU
Av‡Q, wKš‧ Zvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv eY© †bB|
L) †hŠwMK ¯îaŸwb: cvkcvwk `ywU ¯îaŸwb ZvovZvwo Ges GK cÖqv‡m D‪Pvi‡Yi d‡j Zv GKwU
hy³aŸwb‡Z iƒc wb‡j Zv‡K †h․wMK ¯îaŸwb ev wØ-¯î e‡j| †hgb : A + B = AB (H), A + D = AD
(J)| evsjv eY©gvjvq H Ges J G-`ywU eY©‡K †g․wjK e‡Y©i g‡Zv ¯vb †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| aŸwb
weÁvbxM‡Yi g‡Z evsjv fvlvq aŸwbMZ w`K †_‡K GKwÎkwU ch©šÍ †h․wMK ¯îaŸwb n‡Z cv‡i| Gi
g‡a¨ 19wU wbqwgZ Ges 12 wU AwbqwgZ|
wbqwgZ †hŠwMK ¯îaŸwb:
A + I = AI Ñ jI, bI G + B = GB Ñ †mB, †hB

A + G(q) = Aq Ñ nq, bq G + D = GD Ñ †KD, †ND
Av + B = AvB Ñ MvB, hvB G + I = GI Ñ †LI, †mI
Av + G(q) = Avq Ñ Lvq, hvq I + B = IB(H) Ñ eB, KB
Av + I = AvI Ñ hvI, LvI I + D = ID(J) Ñ eD, gD
Av + D = AvD Ñ jvD, SvD I + I = II Ñ †kvI, †avI
B + B = BB Ñ w`B, wbB I + G(q) = Iq Ñ †avq, †kvq
B + D = BD Ñ wgD,wcD A¨v + G = A¨vq Ñ `¨vq, b¨vq
D + B = DB Ñ QuyB, iæB A¨v + I = A¨vI Ñ g¨vI, `¨vI
D + D = DI Ñ KzD&, KzD&
AwbqwgZ †hŠwMK ¯îaŸwb:
B + qv = Bqv Ñ w`qv, wbqv A + qv = Aqv Ñ mqv
B + †q = B‡q Ñ wM‡q, wc‡q I + qv = Iqv Ñ †gvqv,
†ivqv
B + I = BI Ñ wbI, wÌ I + †q = I‡q Ñ KÕ‡q, mÕ‡q
G + qv = Gqv Ñ †`qv, †bqv D + †q = D‡q Ñ ï‡q, iæ‡q
G + †qv = G‡qv Ñ †P‡qv, †h‡qv D + qv = Dqv Ñ byqv, Ryqv
A¨v + qv = A¨vqv Ñ `¨vqv(†Ìqv) D + †qv = D‡qv Ñ Kz‡qv
e¨ÄbaŸwbi †kÖwYKiY
174
aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Y dzmdz‡mi f~wgKvB cÖavb| e¨ÄbaŸwb D‪Pvi‡Yi mgq dzmdzm †_‡K evZvm gyL †_‡K
†ewi‡q hvevi c‡_ evK&cÖZ¨‡½i †Kv‡bv-bv-‡Kv‡bv ¯v‡b evav cvq| d‡j e¨ÄbaŸwbi D‪Pvi‡Y bvbviKg
•ewPÎ¨ †`Lv hvq| mvaviYZ (K) dzmdzmZvwoZ evZv‡mi Pvc, (L) ¯îZš¿xi Ae¯v, (M) D‪Pvi‡Yi ¯vb
Ges (N) D‪Pvi‡Yi ixwZ Abyhvqx e¨ÄbaŸwb I e¨Äbeb©¸‡jv‡K bvbvfv‡e fvM Kiv hvq|
K) dzmdzmZvwoZ evZv‡mi Pv‡ci Ici wbf©i K‡i †kÖwYKiY: gyL w`‡q dzmdzm ZvwoZ evZvm †ei
nIqvi mgq ev dzmdzmZvwoZ evZv‡mi Pv‡ci ZviZ‡gï Ici wbf©i K‡i e¨ÄbaŸwb `yÕcÖKvi| h_v :
1| AícÖvY e¨Äb : †h me aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Yi mgq gyL w`‡q †ei evZvm Kg †ei nq ev evZv‡mi Pvc Kg
nq †m¸‡jv‡K AícÖvY e¨ÄbaŸwb e‡j| evsjv eY©gvjvi cÖ_g I Z…Zxq aŸwb n‡jv AícÖvY e¨ÄbaŸwb|
2| gnvcÖvY e¨Äb : †h me aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Yi mgq m‡Rv‡i wbtk¦vm †ewi‡q hvq ev evZv‡mi Pvc †ewk
_v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K AícÖvY e¨ÄbaŸwb e‡j| evsjv eY©gvjvi wØZxq I PZz_© aŸwb n‡jv gnvcÖvY e¨ÄbaŸwb|
L) ¯îZš¿xi (K¤ú‡bi w`K †_‡K) Ae¯’v‡f‡` †kÖwYKiY : ¯îZš¿xi gvSLvb w`‡q dzmdz‡m evZvm Av‡m
hvq| ZLb wKQz msL¨K aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Y ¯îZš¿xi g‡a¨ K¤úb m„wó nq| Avevi wKQz msL¨K aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Y
K¤úb m„wó nq bv| ¯îZš¿xi G `yiKg Ae¯vi Ici wbf©i K‡i e¨ÄbaŸwb‡K `y fv‡M fvM Kiv nq|
h_v :
1| A‡Nvl e¨Äb : †h-me aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Y ¯îZš¿x Kuv‡c bv †m¸‡jv‡K A‡Nvl e¨ÄbaŸwb e‡j| evsjv
eY©gvjvq cÖwZ e‡M©i cÖ_g I wØZxq aŸwb n‡jv A‡Nvl e¨ÄbaŸwb|
2| †Nvl e¨Äb : †h-me aŸwb D‪Pvi‡Y ¯îZš¿x Kuv‡c †m¸‡jv‡K †Nvl e¨ÄbaŸwb e‡j| evsjv eY©gvjvq
cÖwZ e‡M©i Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg aŸwb n‡jv †Nvl e¨ÄbaŸwb|
evsjv A‡Nvl I †Nvl e¨Äb¸‡jv mviwY‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
aŸwb-ms‡KZ
aŸwb A‡Nvl K, L, P, Q, U, V, Z, _, c, d
†Nvl M, N, O, R, S, W, X, `, a, b, e, f, g, i, j, o, p, n
175
M) D‪PviY¯vb Abymv‡i †kÖwYKiY : D‪PviY¯vb Abymv‡i e¨ÄbaŸwb¸‡jv bvbviKg n‡Z cv‡i| h_v :
wR‡fi †cQ‡bi Ask DuPz n‡q
AvjwR‡fi g~‡ji KvQvKvwQ big Zvjy wRnŸvg~jxq aŸwb K, L, M, N, O
¯úk© K‡i D‪PvwiZ nq
wRf cÖmvwiZ n‡q mvg‡bi Ask Zvjy
Zvjy P, Q, R, S, k
¯úk© K‡i D‪PvwiZ nq
wR‡fi mvg‡bi Ask Dc‡i wM‡q k³
Zvjy-`šÍg~j U, V, W, X, o, p
Zvjy ¯úk© K‡i D‪PvwiZ nq
wR‡fi mvg‡bi Ask Dc‡ii cvwU
ùv‡Zi wb¤oevsk‡K ¯úk© K‡i D‪PvwiZ `šÍ aŸwb Z, _, `, a, b
nq
GK ev `yB †VuvU eëüZ nq Iô¨ aŸwb Iô¨ aŸwb c, d, e, f, g
wR‡fi AMÖfvM I Dc‡ii cvwU ùv‡Zi
g~j ev wb‡Pi As‡ki mvnv‡h¨ D‪PvwiZ `šÍg~j b, i, j, m
nq
KÉbvwji g‡a¨ aŸwbevnx evZvm evav
KÉ¨ aŸwb n
†c‡q D‪PvwiZ nq
N) D‪Pvi‡Yi ixwZ Abyhvqx e¨ÄbaŸwb‡K †kÖwYKiY Kiv hvq:

evMhš¿ `ywU GK‡Î mshy³ nq, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, U,
AZtci gy‡Li g‡a¨ mwÂZ evZvm ¯úk© V, W, X, Z, _, `, a, c, d,
`ªæZ †e‡M †ewi‡q hvq| e, f
evZvm gy‡Li g‡a¨ cÖ_‡g evavcÖvß nq
Ges Zvici bvK w`‡q A_ev bvK I bvwmK¨ O, g, b
gyL w`‡q hyMcrfv‡e †ewi‡q hvq
wRf Kw¤úZ n‡q D‪PviY¯vb ¯úk© K¤úbRvZ i
K‡i D‪PvwiZ nq
wR‡fi wb‡Pi Ask ùv‡Zi g~‡j ZvobRvZ o, p
GKwUgvÎ †UvKv w`‡q D‪PvwiZ nq
dzmdzm-AvMZ evZvm evav cvq I
msKxY© c‡_ †ei nIqvi mgq Nl©‡Yi Nl©YRvZ m, k, n
m„wó K‡i
`yB †VvuU †MvjvK…Z n‡q msKzwPZ nq ‣bKU¨g~jK AšÍ¯ e, AšÍ¯ q
I evZvm †ewi‡q hvq
`ywU wR‡fi cÖvšÍ I `šÍg~‡ji Lye cvwk©K ‣bKU¨g~jK j
KvQvKvwQ †_‡K Av‡m
176
evsjv fvlvq k‡ãi MVb •ewkó¨
aŸwb †hgb fvlvi ¶z`ªZg GKK †Zgwb kã ev‡Kï ¶z`ªZg GKK| A_©‡evaK aŸwb ev aŸwb mgwó‡K
Avgiv kã ewj| Zzwg, Avwg, dzj, cvwL G me¸‡jvB kã| Avevi kã hLb ev‡K¨ eëüZ n‡q GKwU
fve cÖKvk K‡i ZLb Zv‡K c` e‡j| †hgb - Zzwg Avwg wg‡j dz‡ji gvjv mvRvB| G ev‡K¨ Zzwg Avwg
dzj gvjv mvRvB cÖwZwUB GK GKwU c`| ev‡KÏ cÖwZwU kã MwVZ n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ aŸwb wg‡j| Avevi
cÖwZwU k‡ãi ev c‡ì A_© i‡q‡Q| Zvn‡j ejv hvq A_©‡evaK aŸwb ev aŸwbmgwóB kã| †h aŸwb ev
aŸwbmgwói A_© †bB Zv‡K Avgiv kã ej‡Z cvwi bv| bZzb bZzb kã fvÐviB fvlvi m¤ú`| fvlvq
bZzb bZzb kã wewfbœ Dcv‡q MwVZ n‡q _v‡K| `xN©w`b a‡i evsjv fvlvi kãmg~n bvbvfv‡e MwVZ
n‡q‡Q| MVb Abymv‡i evsjv kã‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. †g․wjK kã
2. mvwaZ kã
†gŠwjK kã: †h me kã‡K fv½v ev we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv †m¸‡jv‡K †g․wjK kã e‡j| †g․wjK kã
fvO‡Z PvB‡jI Zvi fMœ ev wewkøó As‡ki †Kv‡bv A_© nq bv| †mKvi‡Y AwefvR¨ ev A_©hy³ kãB
†g․wjK kã| A_©vr ¯úó A_© I AwefvR¨ZvB †g․wjK k‡ãi cÖavb •ewkó¨| †hgb- †Nvov, dzj, gv
BZ¨vw`| G kã¸‡jv‡K fv½‡j fv½v As‡ki †Kvb A_© nq bv|
mvwaZ kã: †h mKj kã‡K fv½v hvq Ges fv½v As‡kiI A_© _v‡K Zv‡K mvwaZ kã e‡j| †g․wjK
kã †_‡KB mvaviYZ mvwaZ kã MVb Kiv nq| mvwaZ kãgvÎB we‡kølY‡hvM¨| mvaviYZ GKvwaK
k‡ãi mgvm n‡q wKsev cÖZ¨q ev DcmM© †hvM n‡q mvwaZ kã MwVZ nq| †hgb: we`¨vjq (we`¨v+
Avjq), `¤úwZ ( Rvqv I cwZ)| mvwaZ kã cÖavbZ PviwU Dcv‡q MwVZ nq - (1) mwÜi mvnv‡h¨, (2)
mgv‡mi mvnv‡h¨, (3) DcmM© †hv‡M, (4) cÖZ¨q †hv‡M|
k‡ãi bvbvwea cÖ‡qvM
k‡ãi iƒc‣ewPÎ¨ Zvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi Ici wbf©i K‡i| kã‡K ev‡K¨ eënvi Ki‡j k‡ãi GB f~wgKv ïiæ
nq| kã _v‡K Awfav‡b| Awfav‡b hZÿY _v‡K ZZÿY& Zv †KejB kã| Avi ev‡K¨ eëüZ n‡jB Zv
n‡q hvq c`| evsjv ev‡K¨ wfbœ-wfbœ c‡ì f~wgKv Ges c`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wePvi K‡i
c`‡K we‡kl¨, we‡klY, me©bvg, wµqv Ges Ae¨q Ñ GB cuvP fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| ev‡K¨ c`¸‡jvi g‡a¨
cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ A_ev ev‡Kï g‡a¨ c`¸‡jvi f~wgKv wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ k‡ãi m‡½
†hvM Kiv nq wefw³|
Ae¨‡qi †Kv‡bv iƒc‣ewPÎ¨ †bB, Ae¨‡qi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv wefw³ †hvM nq bv| ïay we‡kl¨, me©bvg I
wµqvi iƒc‣ewPÎ¨ mvwaZ nq| Zvi g‡a¨ we‡kl¨ (ev bvg c`) I me©bv‡gi wefw³ GKB wefv‡M
Av‡jvP¨| GB wefvMwU n‡jv KviK-wefw³| we‡klY hLb we‡k‡mï m‡½ eëüZ nq ZLb Zvi m‡½
mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv KviK-wefw³B †hvM nq bv| myZivs wefw³ †hv‡M iƒc‣ewPÎ¨ mvwaZ nq cÖavbZ bvg
ev we‡k‡lï I wµqvi| GwUB kãiƒc I wµqviƒc wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| ePb, wj½, cyiæl, Kvj BZ¨vw`
iƒc‣ewPÎ¨ wbqš¿Y K‡i|
evK¨ m¤úwK©Z aviYv
177
: Avcwb †Kgb Av‡Qb?
: fvj|
Dc‡ii msjv‡c `y‡Uv evK¨ i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gwU‡Z wZbwU kã wg‡j GKwU evK¨ MwVZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxqwU‡Z
GKwU gvÎ k‡ã GKwU evK¨ MwVZ n‡q‡Q| Avm‡j wØZxq msjv‡c KZ©v ÕAvwgÕ Dn¨ i‡q‡Q| `y‡Uv
msjv‡cB e³vi cy‡iv g‡bvfve cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| A_©vr ci ci GKvwaK kã ev c` wg‡j hw` ‡Kvb c~Y ©
g‡bvfve cÖKvwkZ nq Zvn‡j Zv‡K Avgiv evK¨ ej‡Z cvwi| Aek¨ kã ev c`¸‡jv h‡_‪Qfv‡e wgwjZ
n‡jB evK¨ nq bv| GRb¨ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© ev Aš^q _vK‡Z nq| GKwU mv_©K ev‡Kï
wKQy ¸Y ev ‣ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| mv_©K evsjv ev‡Kï ¸Y wZbwU|h_v-
1| AvKv‫¶‫‬v
2| AvmwË
3| †hvM¨Zv
AvKv•¶v: †Kvb GKwU evK¨ ïiy Kivi ci †kªvZvi cy‡iv evK¨wU †kvbvi B‡‪Q Rv‡M| hw` ejv nq AvR
mvivw`b a‡i...| Zvn‡j cÖkœ †_‡K hvq AvR mvivw`b a‡i Kx? e„wó? †iv`? bvwK Zvi A‡c¶v K‡i
AvwQ? A_©vr ev‡Kï †h ¸Y ev ‣ewkó¨ AvMÖn‡K cwiZ…ß K‡i Zv‡K AvKv‫¶‫‬v ej‡Z cvwi|
AvmwË: AvmwË gv‡b n‡jv ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³Zv ev •bKU¨| GKwU ev‡K¨ kã ev c` h‡_‪Qfv‡e mvRv‡j
g‡bvfve mwVKfv‡e cÖKvk cvq bv| Zv‡K m¤úK©µ‡g mvRv‡Z nq| ev‡Kï µgm¾v‡K AvmwË ejv
†h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb Kvj mviv ivZ wQj ¯^c‡bi ivZ Mv‡bi KwjwU hw` wjwL ivZ ¯^c‡bi mviv Kvj wQj
ivZ
Zvn‡j Mv‡bi Kwj nIqv‡Zv `~‡ii K_v, evK¨B nq bv|
†hvM¨Zv: ev‡Kï kãm¾v I m¤ú~Y©Zv meB wVK Av‡Q wKš‧ A_©wU wVK †bB Zvn‡j evK¨ mv_©K nq bv|
†hgb: Rj w`‡q Av¸b R¡vjvB| evK¨wU e¨vKiYMZfv‡e mwVK n‡jI †h․w³KZv‡K cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡Q
bv|A_©vr ev‡Kï AšÍM©Z I fveMZ wgj‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †hvM¨Zv|
ev‡Kï cÖvKvi‡f`
MVb Abymv‡i evK¨: MVb Abymv‡i evK¨ wZb c«Kvi| †hgb:
1) mij evK¨: †h ev‡K¨ GKwU gvÎ KZ©v Ges GKwU gvÎ mgvwcKv wµqv _‡K, Zv‡K mij evK¨
e‡j| h_v: mv¾v` eB c‡o| GL‡b mv¾v` KZ©v Ges c‡o mgvwcKv wµqv|
2) RwUj evK¨: †h ev‡K¨ D‡Ïk¨ I we‡aq hy³ gyL¨ Ask e¨ZxZ, GK ev GKvwaK AcÖavb LÐ
evK¨ ev evK¨vsk _v‡K Zv‡K RwUj evK¨ e‡j| †hgb: †h cwikÖg K‡i †mB myL jvf K‡i|
GLv‡b Ô†h cwik«g K‡iÕ wbf©ikxj evK¨ Ges Ô†mB myL jvf K‡iÕ cÖavb LÐ evK¨|
3) †hŠwMK evK¨: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK mij, RwUj A_ev mij I RwUj evK¨ ms‡hvRK Ae¨q Øviv
mshy³ n‡q GKwU c~Y© evK¨ MVb Ki‡j Zv‡K †h․wMK evK¨ e‡j| †hgb: †jvKwU abx wKš‧
AmyLx|
178
A_© Abymv‡i ev‡Kï c«Kvi‡f`: A_© Abymv‡i evK¨‡K AvU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb:
1) wee„wZg~jK evK¨: †Kv‡bv NUbv fve ev e³‡eï Z_¨ †h evK¨ c«Kvk K‡i Zv‡K ejv nq
wee„wZg~jK evK¨| †hgb: †m GKwU M‡íi eB co‡Q| wee„wZg~jK evK¨ Avevi `yB cÖKv‡ii-
nu¨v‡evaK (Affirmative) evK¨ Ges bv‡evaK (Negative) evK¨
2) c«kœ‡evaK evK¨: †Kv‡bv NUbv, fve ev e³e¨ m¤ú‡K© †h ev‡K¨ †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _v‡K Zv‡K ejv nq
c«kœ‡evaK evK¨| †hgb: †Zvgvi bvg wK?
3) AbyÁvm~PK evK¨: AbyÁvm~PK evK¨ AvÁv, Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, Aby‡iva, AbygwZ, Avgš¿Y, wb‡la
BZ¨vw` cÖKvk K‡i| †hgb: ¸iæR‡bi K_v Agvb¨ K‡iv bv|
4) c«v_©bvm~PK evK¨: †h ev‡Kï gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv c«v_©bv c«Kvk cvq Zv‡K c«v_©bvm~PK evK¨ ejv nq|
†hgb: cÖfz Avgv‡ì †`‡ki g½j Kiæb|
5) Kvh©KviYvZ¥K evK¨: GBiƒc ev‡K¨ †Kv‡bv wbqg, ¯^xK…wZ, kZ© ev ms‡KZ †`¨vwZZ nq| †hgb:
UvKv †c‡j †kva K‡i †è|
6) m‡›`n‡evaK evK¨: wb‡`©kevPK ev‡K¨ e³e¨ welq m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n, mskq, m¤¢vebv, Abygvb,
AwbðqZv BZ¨vwì fve _vK‡j Zv‡K m‡›`n‡evaK evK¨ ejv nq| †hgb: nq‡Zv †m Avm‡e
bv|
7) we¯§qm~PK evK¨: nl©, we¯§q, `ytL, †kvK, KvZiZv, KiæYv, c«ksmv, Av‡eM ev D‪Q¡v‡mi
AvKw¯§KZv †h ev‡K¨ c«Kvk cvq Zv‡K we¯§qm~PK evK¨ ejv nq| †hgb: Kx my›ì `„k¨!
8) B”Qv‡evaK evK¨: †h ev‡K¨ g‡bi †Kv‡bv B‪Qv c«KvwkZ nq Zv‡K B‪Qv‡evaK evK¨ e‡j|
†hgb: Zzwg †hb cixÿvq DË©xY n‡Z cvi|
evK¨ MV‡bi wbqg

1. cÖwZwU ev‡K¨ _v‡K KZ©v I wµqvc`|
2. cÖwZwU ev‡K¨ Kgc‡ÿ GKwU KZ©v I GKwU wµqv _vKv PvB|
3. ev‡Kï mvaviY MVb n‡jv : KZ©v + Kg© + wµqv| †hgb :
KZ©v Kg© wµqv
mywg eB c‡o
mygb ¯‥z‡j hvq
4. KZ©v wµqvi c‡iI em‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, Zvi bvg wQj mygb| GLv‡b mygb n‡jv KZ©v|
5. mvaviYZ m‡¤^vab c` (hv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i wKQz ejv nq) ev‡Kï ïiæ‡Z ev mevi †k‡l e‡m|
†hgb, kwdK, Gw`‡K G‡mv| Gw`‡K G‡mv kwdK| GLv‡b kwdK n‡‪Q m‡¤^vab c`|
6. AbyÁv A_©vr Av‡`k, Aby‡iva †evSv‡Z KZ©v Dn¨ _v‡K| †hgb, co‡Z em| G ev‡K¨ KZ©v n‡jv
Zzwg| evK¨wU Avm‡j ÔZzwg co‡Z e‡mv|Õ GLv‡b KZ©v ÔZzwgÕ Dn¨ i‡q‡Q|
179
7. ms‡hvRK Ae¨q (I, Ges, Avi) w`‡q GKvwaK we‡kl¨ c` mshy³ _vK‡j, mvaviYZ †k‡li
c`wUi m‡½ wefw³ hy³ nq| †hgb : †m Kwig I igvi eÜz| eB, LvZv Avi KvM‡Ri `vg
evoj|
8. Av‡eM cÖKvkK Ae¨q c` mvaviYZ ev‡Kï ïiæ‡Z e‡m| †hgb : Avt Kx Avivg! It Kx `ytL!
9. we‡klY c` we‡k‡lï Av‡M e‡m| my›ì Rvgv, bxj AvKvk BZ¨vw`|
10. me©bv‡gi we‡klY mvaviYZ c‡i e‡m| †hgb, wZwb cwÐZ †jvK|
11. wµqv-we‡klY mvaviYZ wµqvi Av‡M e‡m| †hgb : †m †Rv‡i K_v e‡j| GLv‡b †Rv‡i kãwU
wµqv we‡klY|
12. mvaviYZ ev‡Kï cÖ_‡g AwaKiY KviK e‡m| †hgb : b`x‡Z gvQ _v‡K| Avevi wµqvi c‡iI
em‡Z cv‡i| †hgb : gvQ _v‡K b`x‡Z| G ev‡K¨ b`x‡Z kãwU AwaKiY KviK|
13. KiY KviK K‡g©i Av‡M e‡m| †hgb : †R‡j Rvj w`‡q gvQ a‡i| GLv‡b gvQ aiv n‡jv Kg©,
Avi KiY KviK n‡jv Rvj w`‡q|
14. Acv`vb KviK-evPK c` hv †_‡K Drcbœ Zvi Av‡M e‡m| †hgb : wZj †_‡K •Zj nq|
Ic‡ii wbqg¸‡jvB †h evK¨ MV‡bi GKgvÎ wbqg Zv bq| evK¨ gv‡b g‡bi fve cÖKvk| †hfv‡e fve
fvj K‡i cÖKvk cvq, evK¨ †mfv‡eB MVb Kiv hvq|
180
MÖš’cwÄ
1. AiæY fÆvPvh© (1981), b›`bZ‡Ë¡i m~Î, DËimywi, KwjKvZv|

2. AwmZKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1384), evsjv mvwn‡Zï m¤ú~Y© BwZe„Ë, gWvb© eyK G‡RwÝ cÖv.wj.,
KwjKvZv|
3. AiæYKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1377), Ebwesk kZvãxi evsjv MxwZKweZv, wRÁvmv, KwjKvZv|
4. Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi (2005), ev‡Mk¦ix wkícÖeÜvejx, Avb›`, KwjKvZv|
5. Aveyj Kvjvg gbRyi †gvi‡k` (1985), AvaywbK fvlvZË¡, evsjv GKv‡Wwg|
6. Aveyj Kvjvg gbRyi †gvi‡k` (2002), AvaywbK fvlvZË¡, gIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv|
7. A¨vwi÷Uj, Kve¨ZË¡ :, wkwkiKzgvi `vk Abyw`Z (1977), Avkv cÖKvkbx, KjKvZv|
8. D¾¡jKzgvi gRyg`vi (1985), mvwn‡Z¨ i~cixwZ, cwðge½ ivR¨ cy¯K Í cl©`, KjKvZv|
9. RxbvZ BgwZqvR Avjx (2001), aŸwbweÁv‡Yi f~wgKv, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv|
10. †Uwi CMjUb, gv·©ev` I mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbv,Aby : wbiÄb †Mv¯^vgx(2001), `xcvqb, KjKvZv|
11. Zvivc` gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1959), AvaywbK evsjv Kve¨, wgÎ I †Nvl cvewjkvm© cÖv. wj.,
KwjKvZv|
12. b‡ib wek¦vm (2000), AjsKvi A‡¤^lv, Abb¨v, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
13. iwdKzj Bmjvg (2002), fvlvZË¡, wkLv cÖKvkbx, XvKv|
14. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Uªvcva¨vq (1996), fvlv-cÖKvk ev½vjv e¨vKiY, KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖKvwkZ,
KjKvZv|
15. iwgmv †eMg I Ab¨vb¨ (1999), gvZ„fvlv evsjv, mvW©, evDwe, XvKv|
16. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq (1939), fvlv-cÖKvk ev½vjv e¨vKiY, i~cv A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwb, KjKvZv|
17. gvneyeyj Avjg m¤úvw`Z ( 1971), mvwnZ¨ZË¡,Lvb eªv`vm© GÛ †Kvs, XvKv|
18. gvneyeyj Avjg (2008), evsjv Q‡›ì iƒc‡iLv, Lvb eªv`vm© A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwb, evsjv evRvi,
XvKv|
19. gvneyeyj Avjg (2013), evsjv mvwn‡Zï iƒc I ixwZ, Lvb eªv`vm© A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwb, evsjv
evRvi, XvKv|
20. gyn¤§` Ave`yj nvB (1985), aŸwbweÁvb I aŸwbZË¡, gwjøK eªv`vm©, XvKv|
21. gynv¤§` `vbxDj nK (1990), fvlvi K_v, avbkxl, XvKv|
22. gynv¤§` bvRgyj nK I Ab¨vb¨ (1999), D‪PZi wkÿv g‡bvweÁvb, ¯‥zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evDwe,
XvKv|
23. †gvnv¤§` gwbiæ¾vgvb (2008), evsjv KweZvi Q›`, cÖfvZx cÖKvkb, XvKv|
24. wkwkiKzgvi `vk (1997), fvlvwRÁvmv, c¨vwcivm|

25. kÖxgZx Kj¨vYx Kvi‡jKvi (1963), evsjv fvlvi wkÿvc×wZ, wgÎwenvi cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW,
KwjKvZv|
26. kÖxkP›`ª `vk (2000), mvwnZ¨ m›`k©b,K‡jøvj cÖKvkbx, XvKv|
27. †ivKby¾vgvb Lvb (1968), Avgv‡ì wkï mvwnZ¨, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv|
181
28. `xwß wÎcvVx (1992), AvaywbK Kve¨ cwiPq, †`ÕR cvewjwks, KwjKvZv|
29. kÖx k¼ixcÖmv` emy (1367), ga¨hy‡Mi Kwe I Kve¨, †Rbv‡ij wcÖ›Uvm© A¨vÛ cvewjkvm© cªv. wj.,
KwjKvZv|
30.†ÿÎ ¸ß (1998), gaym~`‡bi Kwe-AvZ¥v I Kve¨wkí, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvkbx, XvKv|
31. †hvMx›`ªbv_ emy (2004), gvB‡Kj ga~m~`b `‡Ëi RxebPwiZ, †`ÕR cvewjkvm© cÖv. wj.,
KjKvZv|
32. mb&wR`v LvZzb (1969), m‡Z¨›`ª-Kve¨ cwiPq, bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯Ívb, XvKv|
33.mykxjKzgvi †mb¸ß (1395), bRi‪j PwiZgvbm, †`ÕR cvewjkvm©, KwjKvZv|
34. ey×‡è emy (1982), cÖeÜ msKjb, †`ÕR cvewjkvm©, KjKvZv|
35.`xwß wÎcvVx (1959), AvaywbK evsjv Kve¨ cwiPq, bvfvbv, KwjKvZv|
36. wkebvivqY ivq (2001), cÖeÜ msMÖn, Avb›` cvewjkvm© cÖv. wj., KjKvZv|
37.mybxjKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1979), †nv‡i‡mi Kve¨ZË¡, eY©wgwQj, XvKv|
38.myaxiKzgvi b›`x (1984), b›`bZË¡, cwðge½ ivR¨ cy¯K Í cl©`, KjKvZv|
182

FVLV I GVZ FVLV: Aa VQ 1

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Copyright:

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FVLV I GVZ FVLV: Aa VQ 1

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Aa¨vq 1

fvlv I gvZ…fvlvi aviYv

wPÎ : gv wkï‡K cvwL †`Lv‡bvi gva¨‡g Abyl½ ¯vcb Ki‡Qb

wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Z¨i ¯^iƒc

wkï‡Zvl mvwn‡Z¨i †kÖwYwefvM

Qov I Qwe‡Z Mí cov

wmsn gvgv wmsn gvgv

KvÂbbM‡i Av‡Q GK ivRcyÎ, bvg cvZvKzgvi| P¤úKbM‡i

BZj weZj Mv‡Qi cvZv

LvwbK ev‡` K‡nb evey, Òej‡Zv †`wL †f‡e

Avevi †f‡e K‡nb evey, Òej‡Zv I‡i ey‡ov,

LvwbK ev‡` So D‡V‡Q, †XD D‡V‡Q dz‡j,

nvRvi eQ‡ii evsjv KweZvi i~c‡iLv

†n e½, fvÐv‡i Ze wewea iZb;

e‡n gvNgv‡m kx‡Zi evZvm,

`ywj‡Z‡Q Zix, dzwj‡Z‡Q Rj, fzwj‡Z‡Q gvwS c_,

G Zzdvb fvix, w`‡Z n‡e cvwi, wb‡Z n‡e Zix cvi||

Amnvq RvwZ gwi‡Q Wzweqv, Rv‡b bv mšÍiY,

wMwi-m¼U, fxiæ hvÎxiv, ¸iæ MiRvq evR,

KvÐvix! Ze m¤§y‡L H cjvwki cÖvšÍi,

duvwmi g‡Â †M‡q †Mj hviv Rxe‡bi RqMvb,

Avgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †hev, Avwg euvwa Zvi Ni,

†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨ †n ¯^vaxbZv,

Avnv! Kwe eo `yt‡L Mvwnqv‡Qb, 

bvU‡Ki DrcwË I weKvk

bvU‡Ki Aeqe I Dcv`vb

[PwiÎ : †bZv, nvwdR, dwKi, MvW© I Qvqvg~wZ© K‡qKwU|]

nvwdR : Au¨v? gy`©v dwKi? In&! wbðqB, wbðqB! B‡qm m¨vi!

evsjv fvlvi Dcv`vb

evsjv fvlvi g~j Dcv`vbmg~n

A + I = AI Ñ jI, bI G + B = GB Ñ †mB, †hB

N) D‪Pvi‡Yi ixwZ Abyhvqx e¨ÄbaŸwb‡K †kÖwYKiY Kiv hvq:

evK¨ MV‡bi wbqg

1. AiæY fÆvPvh© (1981), b›`bZ‡Ë¡i m~Î, DËimywi, KwjKvZv|

24. wkwkiKzgvi `vk (1997), fvlvwRÁvmv, c¨vwcivm|

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