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Textbook Ebook Primary Care Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing 4Th Edition PDF All Chapter PDF
Textbook Ebook Primary Care Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing 4Th Edition PDF All Chapter PDF
PREFACE
“We are not really in doubt about the more serious of chapter develops these various differentials under “Com-
our shared aims. We know what they are. We know they mon Problems.” Each problem is defined and the asso-
are difficult. And we know that we have not achieved ciated epidemiology and causes are outlined, as well as
them.” the pathophysiological processes. Dr. Brian O. Porter
—John Gardner, Excellence, p. 155, as quoted by again has provided a thoughtful and in-depth update on
Martha E. Rogers, Reveille in Nursing, p. 1 the pathophysiology of each disorder developed within
This book grew out of a commitment to primary-care the chapters, as well as a thorough review of diagnostic
practice and a love and valuing of nursing knowledge. processes and management plans.
Fifty years ago, in 1964, Martha E. Rogers, Chairperson The subjective and objective manifestations of each
of the Department of Nursing Education, New York problem are elaborated, as well as the associated diag-
University, came out with a small red and white volume, nostic testing that might be used. A review of potential
soft-covered and a total of 96 pages, titled Reveille in differential diagnoses is elaborated, as well as the under-
Nursing, published by F. A. Davis. It was a book, she lying reasoning and critical thinking involved in the de-
was later to comment, “that scared the pants off a lot cision making used to reach a specific diagnosis, which
of people” (Martha E. Rogers, personal communication, then determines treatment. As consistent with our
June 22, 1988). F. A. Davis continues to stand on its model, a holistic database is established, built on the pa-
commitment to nursing knowledge with its publication tient’s voice and experience. Management strategies, in-
of this text. The abandonment of nursing knowledge in cluding pharmacological and surgical therapy, when
some primary-care nurse practitioner programs is not indicated, are outlined. Again, as consistent with our
a trend that Martha would have favored. One can hear approach, complementary therapies and psychosocial
her saying, “Where’s the nursing in nurse practitioner interventions are elaborated providing a holistic plan
primary-care practice? ‘Where’s the beef?’” of care. Follow-up and referral are included, along
What we offer here is the “beef,” a text that builds on with long-term management strategies, and patient
the Circle of Caring, a holistic, caring-based approach to education—the important teaching/learning component
primary-care practice, consistent with nursing’s histori- of caring-based primary-care practice—is also included.
cal base. Unit I contains five chapters that provide the Tables, figures, and recurring displays are provided in
theoretical base to a caring-based primary-care practice, each chapter in Unit II. Displays include drug charts,
which is operationalized in the remainder of the text. In therapeutic procedures that a clinician in primary care
this first unit, in Chapter 1, we provide a theoretical model might be called on to perform, risk factors, screening
of primary-care nursing, the Circle of Caring. The caring guidelines, differential diagnosis flowcharts, treatment
base of primary-care practice is presented by Drs. Boykin standards, and guidelines, as well as sidebars on focusing
and Schoenhofer in Chapter 2, as a transformative model the history and advanced assessment techniques. Also,
for our health-care system. A chapter on health promotion we provide highlights of complementary therapies and
by Drs. Dorothy Dunn and Debera J. Thomas provides a holistically-based advanced practice nursing interven-
base for primary-care practice that situates the patient and tions. Included are “Nursing Situations,” essentially case
family in the context of the community in Chapter 3. studies, along with abstracts of nursing-based research,
Chapter 4, “The Art of Diagnosis and Treatment,” by and anecdotes from patients, called “The Patient’s
Dr. Susan K. Chase, describes how primary-care practice Voice.” The provision of this variety of information will
in a Circle of Caring is actualized through decision making assist any primary-care provider, regardless of discipli-
and management plans. “Evidence-Based Practice,” by nary background, in establishing and implementing a
Dr. Angela K. Golden, provides essential information for holistic, caring practice base. These features assist the
today’s care practice environment. It is essential that all student (or current practitioner) in linking ideas to prac-
clinicians be able to provide care with a good understand- tice and actualizing a Circle of Caring.
ing of the standard of care and the ability to meet that We gained some new and exciting contributors to
standard in a meaningful way. Unit II, such as Dr. Susan Kelly-Weeder, PhD, FNP-BC,
Unit II uses the traditional system-based approach to from Boston College, who assisted us in redrafting
provide the essential information necessary to provide Chapter 8, “Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat Problems.”
safe and effective primary care to patients. Each system- Building on the excellent work of Lori Martin-Plank,
based chapter begins with “Common Complaints,” a PhD, FNP-BC, GNP-BC, FAANP, we added Terry
symptom-based approach to phenomena that lays out South, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC to Chapter 15, “Muscu-
the associated differential diagnoses of each symptom- loskeletal Problems.” We are also pleased to have added
based complaint a patient may present with. Then each scholar-clinician Michael Zychowicz, DNP, FNP-BC,
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viii Preface
FAANP, FAAN, noted specialist in the area of muscu- the curriculum (and in a variety of different curricula) and
loskeletal problems, to oversee and finalize this chapter. that includes participation by practitioners from other
We have collaborated with another physician, Michael B. disciplines, such as medicine. Primary-care curriculum
Keller, MD, MS, who added valuable contributions to content exists in master’s-level and doctorate of nursing
several chapters, specifically the neurological and cardiac practice programs. While appropriate for either level,
content, and will continue to add his clinical expertise we, as authors, are attentive to shifting practice bound-
in the future. Dr. Keller is the son of our faculty col- aries and feel that the articulation of a largely nursing
league, Dr. Kathryn B. Keller, who coauthored the base for primary care, rooted in caring and holistic ap-
cardiac chapter, her area of specialization. proaches, is critical to disciplinary identity and growth.
Unit III begins with Chapter 20, “Palliative Care,” This text provides a high-level pathophysiological base,
by Susan Derby, RN, MA, GNP-BC, ACHPN, and evidence-based diagnostic and management strategies,
Mary Layman Goldstein, RN, MS, ANP-BC, ACHPN, and a holistic plan of care that is consistent with this
of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in level of practice. The student is able to find a large
New York City, a chapter that includes comprehensive amount of information in one text. Although we realize
information on pain management. We are very pleased that graduate students will always need supplementary
to provide our readers with an update of the popular texts to provide the currency and depth of information
chapter “The 15-Minute Hour: Practical Psychotherapy that they require, we nonetheless believe that they (and
for Primary Care,” authored by a new contributor, their faculty!) will appreciate one large, complete text,
Brandi Parker Cotton, MSN, Psychiatric NP and doc- complemented by an ever-expanding collection of an-
toral student, building on the prior work of Drs. Eliezer cillaries for faculty and student use.
Schnall and Marian Stuart. New content includes What we also provide is the “beef”—the “beef” of
motivational interviewing as well as current evidence to caring-based, advanced practice nursing as actualized in
support practice in this area. These approaches, devel- the NP role, in the full flowering of all that primary-care
oped specifically for primary-care practice, will provide practice could be. We are answering the call that
primary-care practitioners with additional therapeutic Jean Watson sounded in her 1995 article, “Advanced
communication skills that will enable them to “hear” the Nursing Practice . . . and What Might Be”:
patient’s true concerns, again supporting a holistic and Such a reform calls for nursing to shift its
caring practice model. “Ethical and Legal Issues of a accountability and voice from the medical cure
Caring-Based Practice” is also an essential for practice, functional tasks and institutional demands and
updated by leading nurse-ethicist Dr. Jill E. Winland- constraints toward making itself directly account-
Brown. Chapter 22, “The Business of Advanced Prac- able to the public for its caring, healing, health
tice,” has been completely redone to integrate the infor- knowledge, skills, and practices.
mation and implications of the Affordable Care Act. The —Jean Watson (in Watson, J. “Advanced Nursing
author of this chapter, Dr. Marcella M. Rutherford, has Practice ... and What Might Be” in Nursing & Health
a PhD in nursing as well as an MBA and years of expe- Care, Vol. 16, Number 2, p. 81)
rience in medical practice administration from which to It is the most exciting time for advanced practice
draw. We conclude with essential information in “Putting nursing. Health-care reform is a reality. The demand
Caring Into Practice: Caring for Self.” This chapter has for new service approaches in health care is high. The
also been completely redone, with two new authors from professional doctorate—the DNP—is providing primary-
the University of Rhode Island: Mary Lavin, DNP, care practitioners of nursing with a well-grounded base
APRN, FNP-BC, and Rebecca Carley, DNP, APRN, of pathophysiology, diagnosis and management, and
ANP-BC. They have used a different theoretical base follow-up, situated in a nursing-based model. Con-
from which to examine caring for self, as well as some im- sumers are informed and powerful. Now it is time for
portant ideas for caring for one’s own health. nurse practitioners to provide consumers with the
As long-time nurse practitioner faculty, we remain “beef”—advanced nursing primary-care practice within
committed to providing an in-depth book with a com- a Circle of Caring.
prehensive and holistic approach that can be used across
3801_FM_i-xxxiv 17/01/15 2:29 PM Page ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
There are numerous people to thank for helping this Dr. Mary Sullivan, Interim Dean and Professor of the
book become a reality: University of Rhode Island College of Nursing, for her
support and encouragement during Dr. Dunphy's years
Joanne P. DaCunha, our wonderful, PATIENT, always
at URI.
supportive, always optimistic publisher, whom we have
come to know well, and who is, most of all, our friend. All of our students, past and present, who always con-
tinue to teach us as much, if not more, than we teach
Susan Rhyner, Senior Acquisitions Editor, who joins our
them!
team with a fresh eye, an innovative perspective, and in-
fectious motivation. We also acknowledge the following chapter authors of
the third edition of this book, without which this new
Echo K. Gerhart, our new Content Project Manager,
edition would not have been possible:
who has had to work very hard to keep us all in line!
Sandra Allen, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC
Marcia Kelly, our Developmental Editor from afar, who
was efficient, enthusiastic, and patient. Lisa J. Bedard, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC
Kelly Boutross of Graphic World Inc., who worked Lauren Gallagher, MS, APRN, FNP-BC
tirelessly to “pull it all together” and maintained her
Diane Gerzevitz, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC
composure at all times, even the most trying!
Ruth McCaffrey, DNP, APRN, FNP, BC
The entire F. A. Davis production team—all of whom
were always patient, flexible, and terrific! Jacqueline Rhoads, PhD, RN, CCRN, ACNP-CS
Dr. Marlaine Smith, Dean of the Christine E. Lynn Col- Linda Hall Rothery, DNP, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC
lege of Nursing, Professor, and caring scholar, who was
Edwin W. Schaefer, ND, APRN, FNP-BC
quoted in this text far before she came to FAU—for her
support for all our work. Karilee Halo Shames, MSN, RN, HNC
Dr. Anne Boykin, Founding Dean of the Christine E. Cathy M. St. Pierre, PhD, FNP, BC
Lynn College of Nursing, who helped shape our
And most of all, we acknowledge our patients, who taught
vision for nursing and provides the glue that holds it
us to “hear” their voices.
together—caring.
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Lynne M. Dunphy, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC, FAAN Dr. Lynne Dunphy recently
re-joined the faculty at the Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, Florida, in the role of Associate Dean for Practice and Com-
munity Engagement. In this role she is coordinating and directing the college’s
nurse-managed practices. Dr. Dunphy spent the last eight years at the College
of Nursing at the University of Rhode Island, serving as the inaugural Routhier
Chair of Practice and Associate Dean for External Affairs. She has been a Robert
Wood Johnson Executive Nurse Fellow and was the founding nursing lead of the
Rhode Island Action Coalition, dedicated to the implementation of the Institute
of Medicine’s recommendations for the Future of Nursing. Dr. Dunphy recently
completed four years of service on the Board of the National Organization of Nurse
Practitioner Faculties (NONPF).
Brian Oscar Porter, MD, PhD, MPH Dr. Porter is a triple Board-certified and
licensed Allergist and Immunologist, Internist, and Pediatrician. After completing
both his MD and PhD in Immunology and Microbiology at the University of
Miami School of Medicine (Miami, Florida), as well as his MPH at the Harvard
School of Public Health (Boston, Massachusetts), Dr. Porter completed combined
residency training in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at the Virginia Common-
wealth University Medical Center (Richmond, Virginia), followed by fellowship
training in Allergy and Immunology at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda,
Maryland), where he also served as an Adjunct Intramural Investigator in the
Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Principal Investigator on two NIH-based
clinical and translational research protocols in primary and acquired immunodefi-
ciency. Dr. Porter then joined the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Center
for Drug Evaluation and Research as a Primary Reviewer and Medical Officer, be-
fore transitioning into the private biopharmaceutical drug development industry as
a clinical development physician focusing on biological immunotherapies and global
product development strategy. Dr. Porter has held leadership roles in several com-
panies, including Human Genome Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, and most recently
Novartis Pharmaceuticals, where he currently serves as an Associate Global Program
Medical Director* (East Hanover, New Jersey). He also continues to work actively
as a clinician in the Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System as a Medical
House Officer* (Lyons, New Jersey). Dr. Porter credits his multidisciplinary ap-
proach to human health largely to the influence and encouragement of his mother,
*The contents of this textbook and the independent contributions of Dr. Porter fall completely outside of his
current employment and do not represent official views of Novartis Pharmaceuticals, the U.S. Department
of Veterans Affairs, or any other U.S. federal government agency.
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Dr. Luz Sobong Porter, a nurse clinician, educator, and researcher, who always in-
volved him in her work and remains one of his primary collaborators to this day.
Debera J. Thomas, DNS, RN, FNP/ANP Dr. Thomas is Professor and Dean of
Nursing at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona. Her teaching career
began in 1978 at Augustana Hospital School of Nursing in Chicago, Illinois. She
has held numerous faculty and administrative positions at institutions including
Kent State University, Case Western Reserve University, Florida Atlantic University,
University of Connecticut, and Northern Arizona University. In her free time,
Debera is a potter. She prefers wheel throwing and functional ceramics and works
in high fire clay. On most weekends, you can find her hiking the trails in Northern
Arizona and the Grand Canyon.
3801_FM_i-xxxiv 17/01/15 2:29 PM Page xii
CONTRIBUTORS
xii
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Contributors xiii
xiv Contributors
Sharon Thrush, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC Michael Zycowicz, DNP, FNP-BC, FAANP, FAAN
Family Practice of Palm Beach Associate Professor and Director, Master of Science
West Palm Beach, Florida in Nursing Programs
and Duke University School of Nursing
Adjunct Faculty Duke University Health System
Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing Durham, North Carolina
Florida Atlantic University Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal Problems
Boca Raton, Florida
Chapter 8 Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat Problems
Jill E. Winland-Brown, EdD, APRN, FNP-BC
Professor and Family Nurse Practitioner
Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
Florida Atlantic University
Boca Raton, Florida
Chapter 1 Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century: A
Circle of Caring; Chapter 6 Neurological Problems;
Chapter 7 Skin Problems; Chapter 9 Respiratory
Problems; Chapter 10 Cardiovascular Problems;
Chapter 17 Hematological and Immune Problems;
Chapter 19 Emergency Problems; Chapter 21 Ethical
and Legal Issues of a Caring-Based Practice
3801_FM_i-xxxiv 17/01/15 2:30 PM Page xv
REVIEWERS
Sallie Coke, PhD, APRN, CPNP, CFNP Geri C. Reeves, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC
Associate Professor Assistant Professor
Georgia College and State University Vanderbilt University School of Nursing
Milledgeville, Georgia Nashville, Tennessee
Patricia Murray Given, PhD, RN, FNP, CCRN Luann Richardson, PhD, CRNP
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor, NP/DNP programs; Faculty
The College of Staten Island – the City University Duquesne University
of New York (CUNY) McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania
Staten Island, New York
Michelle Taylor Skipper, DNP, FNP-BC
Sheila C. Grossman, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC, FAAN Director, AGNP and FNP Concentrations
Professor and Coordinator, Family Nurse Practitioner East Carolina University
Track Greenville, North Carolina
Fairfield University
Jennifer K. Sofie, DNP, FNP-C, ANP-BC
Fairfield, Connecticut
Assistant Clinical Professor and DNP/FNP Clinical
Joyce Hickey, PhDc, APRN, PMHCNS Coordinator
Adjunct Faculty Montana State University
College of Nursing Bozeman, Montana
University of Rhode Island
Terri LaCoursiere Zucchero, PhD, RN, FNP-BC
Kingston, Rhode Island
Clinical Assistant Professor
Eileen McCann, DNP, BC-FNP Connell School of Nursing, Boston College
Assistant Professor and Program Director Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
Saint Xavier University
Chicago, Illinois
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CONTENTS
xvii
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xviii Contents
Contents xix
Folliculitis 187
Furuncles and Carbuncles 191
Cellulitis 194
VIRAL INFECTIONS 198
Warts 198
Herpes Simplex Infections 202
Acne Vulgaris 206
Rosacea 213
DERMATITIS 215
Atopic Dermatitis 215
Contact Dermatitis 221
Seborrheic Dermatitis 224
Psoriasis 226
SKIN LESIONS: BENIGN 235
Seborrheic Keratosis 235
SKIN LESIONS: PREMALIGNANT 239
Actinic Keratosis 239
SKIN LESIONS: MALIGNANT 241
Malignant Melanoma 241
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers 246
C h a p te r 8 Eyes, Ears, N ose, and Throat Probl ems 252
Susan Kelly-Weeder, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC • Sharon Thrush, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC •
Brian Oscar Porter, MD, PhD, MPH
COMMON COMPLAINTS 252
Dry Eye 252
Excessive Tearing (Epiphora) 252
Eye Pain 253
Red Eye 253
Visual Disturbances and Impaired Vision 253
Ear Pain (Otalgia) 254
Impaired Hearing 255
Tinnitus 256
Mouth Sores 256
Hoarseness 256
Sore Throat 256
COMMON PROBLEMS 257
LID PATHOLOGY 257
Blepharitis 257
Hordeolum/Chalazion 259
Dry Eye 260
Excessive Tearing (Epiphora) 263
Red Eye/Conjunctivitis 265
VISUAL DISTURBANCES AND IMPAIRED VISION 269
Refractive Errors 269
Cataracts 269
Glaucoma 274
Diabetic Retinopathy 278
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xx Contents
Contents xxi
xxii Contents
Contents xxiii
xxiv Contents
Contents xxv
Agoraphobia 1037
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 1037
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 1044
DISORDERS THAT MAY INCLUDE DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY 1045
Overview 1045
Major Depressive Disorder 1046
Bipolar and Related Disorders 1057
Acute Suicide Risk 1066
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders 1071
Care in Pregnancy for Patients with Psychiatric Disorders 1079
Grief 1081
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders 1083
Sleep–Wake Disorders 1097
Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea 1102
Restless Legs Syndrome 1103
Eating Disorders 1103
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 1107
Intimate Partner Violence 1113
Sexual Assault 1117
C h a p te r 1 9 Emerg ency Probl ems 1129
Jill E. Winland-Brown, EdD, APRN, FNP-BC • Brian Oscar Porter, MD, PhD, MPH
COMMON PROBLEMS 1129
Pneumothorax and Hemothorax 1129
Poisoning 1131
Heat-Related Illnesses 1137
COLD-RELATED ILLNESSES 1140
Frostbite 1140
Hypothermia 1142
COMMON INJURIES 1143
Wounds and Lacerations 1143
Burns 1154
Chemical Burns 1161
Animal and Human Bites 1163
Arthropod Bites and Stings 1166
Head Trauma 1174
Musculoskeletal Trauma 1182
Lower Back Pain 1185
Foreign Body Obstructions 1187
DISASTER PLANNING AND THE JOINT COMMISSION’S STANDARDS 1190
xxvi Contents
Garial.
Directeur trafic succursale Bordeaux
Maison Bordes.