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Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Volume 4 Experimental Techniques and Methodical Developments 1st Edition A. K. Haghi
Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Volume 4 Experimental Techniques and Methodical Developments 1st Edition A. K. Haghi
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APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 4
Experimental Techniques and
Methodical Developments
APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 4
Experimental Techniques and
Methodical Developments
Edited by
A. K. Haghi, PhD
Lionello Pogliani, PhD
Eduardo A. Castro, PhD
Devrim Balköse, PhD
Omari V. Mukbaniani, PhD
Chin Hua Chia, PhD
Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc.
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International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-587-4 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-315-20763-6 (eBook)
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Applied chemistry and chemical engineering / edited by A.K. Haghi, PhD, Devrim Balköse, PhD, Omari V.
Mukbaniani, DSc, Andrew G. Mercader, PhD.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Contents: Volume 1. Mathematical and analytical techniques --Volume 2. Principles, methodology, and evalu-
ation methods --Volume 3. Interdisciplinary approaches to theory and modeling with applications --Volume
4. Experimental techniques and methodical developments --Volume 5. Research methodologies in modern
chemistry and applied science.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-77188-515-7 (v. 1 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-558-4 (v. 2 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-
77188-566-9 (v. 3 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-587-4 (v. 4 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-593-5 (v.
5 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-594-2 (set : hardcover).
ISBN 978-1-315-36562-6 (v. 1 : PDF).--ISBN 978-1-315-20736-0 (v. 2 : PDF).-- ISBN 978-1-315-20734-6
(v. 3 : PDF).--ISBN 978-1-315-20763-6 (v. 4 : PDF).-- ISBN 978-1-315-19761-6 (v. 5 : PDF)
1. Chemistry, Technical. 2. Chemical engineering. I. Haghi, A. K., editor
TP145.A67 2017 660 C2017-906062-7 C2017-906063-5
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ABOUT THE EDITORS
A. K. Haghi, PhD
A. K. Haghi, PhD, holds a BSc in Urban and Environmental Engineering
from the University of North Carolina (USA), an MSc in Mechanical Engi-
neering from North Carolina A&T State University (USA), a DEA in applied
mechanics, acoustics and materials from the Université de Technologie de
Compiègne (France), and a PhD in engineering sciences from the Univer-
sité de Franche-Comté (France). He is the author and editor of 165 books,
as well as of 1000 published papers in various journals and conference
proceedings. Dr. Haghi has received several grants, consulted for a number
of major corporations, and is a frequent speaker to national and interna-
tional audiences. Since 1983, he served as professor at several universities.
He is currently Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Chemoinfor-
matics and Chemical Engineering and the Polymers Research Journal and
on the editorial boards of many international journals. He is also a member
of the Canadian Research and Development Center of Sciences and Cultures
(CRDCSC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
List of Contributors......................................................................................xiii
List of Abbreviations................................................................................... xvii
Preface......................................................................................................... xxi
Index......................................................................................................................389
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
A. M. M. Ali
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor,
Malaysia
K. T. Archvadze
Food Industry Department, Georgian Technical University, 77 Kostava 0175, Tbilisi, Georgia
Department of Technology, Sukhumi State University, Ana Politkobskaia 9, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia
Devrim Balköse
Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahçe Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
E-mail: devrimbalkose@gmail.com
Bogdana Bashta
Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, St. Bandera Str., Lviv 79013, Ukraine
Emili Besalú
Departament de Química, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona,
17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
Vladimir I. Binyukov
Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Kosygin Str., Moscow
119334, Russia
Michael Bratychak
Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, St. Bandera Str., Lviv 79013, Ukraine. E-mail: mbratych@
polynet.lviv.ua
I. R. Chachava
Food Industry Department, Georgian Technical University, 77 Kostava 0175, Tbilisi, Georgia
Department of Technology, Sukhumi State University, Ana Politkobskaia 9, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia
Tanmoy Chakraborty
Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi-Kalan, Jaipur 303007, India.
E-mail: tanmoy.chakraborty@jaipur.manipal.edu; tanmoychem@gmail.com
C. H. Chan
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor,
Malaysia. E-mail: cchan_25@yahoo.com.sg
E. Chkhaidze
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
E-mail: ekachkhaidze@yahoo.com
Z. N. Chubinishvili
TSU Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, 31 A. Politkovskaia Str., 0186
Tbilisi, Georgia
M. B. Gurgenishvili
TSU Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, 31 A. Politkovskaia Str., 0186
Tbilisi, Georgia. E-mail: marina.gurgenishvili@yahoo.com
xiv List of Contributors
Jozef Haponiuk
Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80233 Gdansk, Poland
Ostap Ivashkiv
Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, St. Bandera str., Lviv 79013, Ukraine
J. Vicente Julian-Ortiz
Departamento de Química Física, Unidad de Investigación de Diseño de Fármacos y Conectividad
Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot (València), Spain, and MOLware
SL, Valencia, Spain. E-mail: jejuor@uv.es
D. Kharadze
Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine
N. Z. Khotenashvili
TSU Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, 31 A. Politkovskaia Str., 0186
Tbilisi, Georgia
Ajay Kumar
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi-Kalan, Jaipur 303007,
India
R. G. Liparteliani
TSU Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, 31 A. Politkovskaia Str., 0186
Tbilisi, Georgia
Ludmila I. Matienko
Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Kosygin Str., Moscow
119334, Russia. E-mail: matienko@sky.chph.ras.ru
T. I. Megrelidze
Food Industry Department, Georgian Technical University, 77 Kostava 0175, Tbilisi, Georgia
Department of Technology, Sukhumi State University, Ana Politkobskaia 9, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia
Elena M. Mil
Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Kosygin Str., Moscow
119334, Russia
Larisa A. Mosolova
Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Kosygin Str., Moscow
119334, Russia
Güler Narin
Department of Chemical Engineering, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey. E-mail: gulernarin@gmail.com
Sukanchan Palit
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Post
Office Bidholi via Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India. E-mail: sukanchan68@gmail.
com, sukanchan92@gmail.com
G. Sh. Papava
TSU Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, 31 A. Politkovskaia Str., 0186
Tbilisi, Georgia
List of Contributors xv
Sh. R. Papava
TSU Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, 31 A. Politkovskaia Str., 0186
Tbilisi, Georgia
Lionello Pogliani
Departamento de Química Física, Unidad de Investigación de Diseño de Fármacos y Conectividad
Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot (València), Spain, and MOLware
SL, Valencia, Spain. E-mail: liopo@uv.es
S. Rafiei
Department of Textile Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
H. Ramli
Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor,
Kampus Dengkil, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia
Prabhat Ranjan
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi-Kalan, Jaipur 303007,
India
Olena Shyshchak
Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, St. Bandera Str., Lviv 79013, Ukraine
Heru Susanto
Department of Information Management, College of Management, Tunghai University, Taichung,
Taiwan
L. V. Tabatadze
Food Industry Department, Georgian Technical University, 77 Kostava 0175, Tbilisi, Georgia
Department of Technology, Sukhumi State University, Ana Politkobskaia 9, 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia
Z. Sh. Tabukashvili
TSU Petre Melikishvili Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, 31 A. Politkovskaia Str., 0186
Tbilisi, Georgia
Paulose Thomas
Optoelectronic Lab, St. Berchmans College, Changanassery, Kerala, India
Aysun Topaloğlu
Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce 35430, Urla Izmir,
Turkey
Senem Yetgin
Food Engineering Department, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
Gennady E. Zaikov
Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Kosygin Str., Moscow
119334, Russia
N. F. A. Zainal
Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil,
43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
This volume:
SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED
BIODEGRADABLE POLY (ESTER
AMIDE)S AND STUDY OF THEIR
THERMAL AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
E. CHKHAIDZE1,* and D. KHARADZE2
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Georgian Technical
1
CONTENTS
Abstract.........................................................................................................4
1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................4
1.2 Synthesis of Polymers..........................................................................5
1.3 Thermal Properties...............................................................................9
1.4 Mechanical Properties........................................................................13
Keywords....................................................................................................15
References...................................................................................................15
4 Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering: Volume 4
ABSTRACT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
SCHEME 1.1
SCHEME 1.2
— Kala se on. Laulas nyt, niin saat jotain tietää siitä, samalla kun
laulat!
— Kalahan se oli.
— Älä sitä etupäässä terota, että se oli kala, vaan että se oli
hirvittävä, pahaa ennustava kala. Se on luettava näin:
— No, sanoi Lauri, lue niin hyvin kuin osaat! Ja tuo plakaatit
mukanasi kun palaat! Jäljennöksiä otettakoon niistä halusti. Hyvästi,
Fabbe, onnea matkallesi.
JÖNKÖPINGIN LINNASSA.
Kun Fabbe nyt oli niin likellä linnaa, ei hän tahtonut mennä siitä
sivutse hyvästi jättämättä sikäläisiä tuttaviaan. Hataraa laskusiltaa
myöten, joka ratisi ja ritisi saumoissaan kun se ohjesäännön
mukaisesti iltasin nostettiin ja aamusin laskettiin, pääsi kuivuneen
vallihaudan yli, johon linnansotilaat olivat kaalitarhoja istuttaneet.
Vallin halki aukeni kahden ruostuneen vallipyssyn alitse holvi
päättyen porttiin. Fabbe soitti: halkioin portinkello kilistä rämähteli
surkeasti, vastahakoinen lukko naukui nuivasti avainta
väännettäissä, ja Fabbe tervehti linnan vahtimestaria sekä
nelimiehistä linnanväkeä, joka täysilukuisena oli pihalla tornin
edustalla. Vahtimestari oli kuudenkymmenen ikäinen, pitkä, varteva
mies, vielä voimissaan. Yksi noista neljästä käveli vartioiden vankilan
edustalla; hän oli valkopartainen ja näytti käyvän seitsemättä
vuosikymmentänsä. Yksi ainoa oli nuori, se joka vahtimestarin
kanssa vuorotellen ratsasti lennättämässä tietoja esivallalle.
— Etkö tiedä?
— En.
TALAVIDIN MAJATALOSSA.
— Se olematonko villakoira?
Fabbe, joka oli palannut paikalleen rahille oven suuhun, lausui nyt
onnentoivotuksia sen johdosta että Arvi herra niin nuorella ijällä oli
päässyt niin ylhäisten seurusteluun. Fabbe lisäsi arvelunsa, että Arvi
herrasta kai piakkoin tulee valtakunnan neuvos. Eipä hän olisi
ensimmäinen suvustaan, joka niin korkealle nousisi. Pietari
Maununpoika, joka on Gudmund mestarin orpana, on saman
kunnian asteelle kiivennyt.
Fabbe lupasi toiste muistaa, kuinka komea herra Arvi on, eikä
ennen aikojaan rientää puhumaan. Pitäisikö hänen myös odottaa
sopivaa aikaa laulaakseen? Ja kun Arvi herra ei suvainnut vastata
tähän kysymykseen, alkoi Fabbe lasketella jonkun tuntemattoman
tekemää laulua, joka hiljan oli levinnyt kartanolaisten keskelle ja
sieltä siirtynyt syvemmälle kansaan:
— Se oli pilkkalaulu.
— Mitä tarkotat?
— En tiedä.
— Mutta jos nyt niin kävisi ja sinä joutuisit Slatten tielle, sanon
sulle: älä ole arka!