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Download textbook Check Your English Vocabulary For Ielts 4Th Ed Essential Words And Phrases To Help You Maximise Your Ielts Score 4Th Edition Rawdon Wyatt ebook all chapter pdf
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CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY
FOR
IELTS
by
Rawdon Wyatt
Bloomsbury Information
An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
About this workbook
Introduction
This workbook has been written for students who are planning to sit either the
Academic or General Training modules of the IELTS examination. It covers
some of the main vocabulary areas that you will need for, or come across in,
the Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking sections of the exam.
We hope that you find the exercises in this book useful, and that the vocabulary
you acquire will help you to achieve the grade you want in the IELTS.
Good luck!
Topic-specific vocabulary
Architecture
The arts
Business & industry
Children & the family
Crime & the law
Education
The environment
Food & diet
Geography
Global problems
Healthcare
The media
Men & women
Money & finance
On the road
Science & technology
Sport
Town & country
Travel
Work
Productive practice
Practice tasks 1
Practice tasks 1: Sample answers
Practice tasks 2
Practice tasks 2: Sample answers
Practice tasks 3
Practice tasks 3: Sample answers
Practice tasks 4
Practice tasks 4: Sample answers
Practice tasks 5
Practice tasks 5: Sample answers
Answers
Addition, equation & conclusion
1 Put the following words and phrases into their correct place in the table
depending on their function.
2 Complete these sentences with one of the words or phrases from above.
In most cases, more than one answer is possible.
1. Japan, Korea and Taiwan are all in the Near East / the Middle East /
the Far East.
2. The South Pole is situated in the Arctic / Antarctic / Antarctica.
3. New Zealand is part of Austria / Australia / Australasia.
4. Bangladesh is part of the Indian subcontinent / India / Indiana.
5. Guatemala is a country in North America / South America / Central
America.
6. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Honduras all form part of what
is often referred to as Latin America / South America / Spanish
America.
7. Botswana is in South Africa / southern Africa / Central Africa.
8. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are known collectively as
Britain / Great Britain / the United Kingdom.
9. The United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland are part of Continental
Europe / Mainland Europe / Europe.
10. Kuwait, Oman and the United Arab Emirates form part of what are known
as the West Indies / the Gulf States / the European Union.
11. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are known collectively as the
Baltic Republics / the Caribbean / Scandinavia.
12. Bangkok, Lima and Tunis are examples of capital / capitol / capitalism
cities.
2 What are the nationalities of the people who come from these countries?
1. Afghanistan Afghan 2. Argentina .......................... 3. Australia ..............................
4. Bangladesh ................. 5. Belgium ............................. 6. Brazil ....................................
7. Canada ........................ 8. Denmark ........................... 9. Egypt ....................................
10. England ..................... 11. Finland ............................ 12. Greece ................................
13. India .......................... 14. Iran .................................. 15. Iraq .....................................
16. Ireland ....................... 17. Israel ................................ 18. Japan...................................
19. Kuwait ...................... 20. Lebanon .......................... 21. Malaysia .............................
22. Mexico ...................... 23. Morocco .......................... 24. the Netherlands .................
25. Norway ..................... 26. Pakistan ........................... 27. Peru ....................................
28. the Philippines ......... 29. Poland ............................. 30. Portugal .............................
31. Russia ........................ 32. Saudi Arabia ................... 33. Scotland .............................
34. Spain ......................... 35. Sweden ........................... 36. Switzerland.........................
37. Thailand .................... 38. Turkey ............................. 39. Wales ..................................
40. Yemen .......................
Is your country on this list? If not, how do you say your nationality in English?
.................
Changes 1
1 Look at the graph, and complete the sentences with the correct form of
the words and phrases in the box. In most cases, more than one option is
possible.
2 Look at this table, and complete the sentences on the next page with
words and phrases from the box. In some cases, more than one answer is
possible. There is one word or phrase that you do not need.
Changes 1
1. Between January and April, petrol prices increased ................. /
................. .
2. In May, petrol prices fell ................. .
3. In June, petrol prices rose ................. / ................. .
4. Overall, there has been an ................. in petrol prices
3 Look at the task in the box, then complete the sample answer with
words and phrases from Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one
answer may be possible.
The graph below shows the number of visitors to three seaside towns over
a five-month period.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
Sample answer
The graph shows how many people visited three seaside towns between April
and August.
August.
3. It can take time to ................. to living in a Prices seem low, but when you ................. them to
different country. allow for tax, they are considerably higher.
4. The noise built up rapidly, and then just as As the applause ................., the speaker started
quickly it ................. into the distance. talking.
5. The amount of tax you pay on a car People’s reactions to the medicine ................. a lot,
................. according to the amount of carbon with some people complaining it has no effect at all.
dioxide it emits.
6. Everyone should try to ................. the amount Many companies were forced to ................. their
of fat in their diet. workforce during the recession.
7. Economic crises often ................. into social The weather ................. rapidly when it started
unrest. raining and the winds picked up.
8. Ankles and other joints often ................. when The town is home to 3,000 people, but this figure
people travel by air. ................. to 12,000 in the same summer.
9. The tokens can be ................. for food in the Shops will normally ................. damaged goods if
student canteen. you have a receipt.
10. Businesses in the city centre were offered In some cases it can be more expensive to
funding so they could ................. their ................. an old building than knock it down and
premises. build a new one.
Changes 2
2 Now do the same with these.
2. Some companies are slow to ................. to Courses can be ................. to suit the needs of
a changing market. individual students.
3. The symptoms of illnesses like measles As the sun ................. behind the clouds, the
aren’t usually serious, and ................. temperature quickly dropped.
within a few days.
4. A college course can help you to find a job The ‘Peter Principle’ is a theory which says that in a
or get ................. at work. big company, everyone eventually gets ................. to
a job that is beyond their ability.
5. Some people think that the government For the final part of the exercise, you need to
should ................. the rules regarding repeatedly tighten, then ................. your stomach
building on protected land. muscles.
6. The government’s aim in the next five years The best way of ................. your English is to practise
is to ................. educational standards. using it as much as possible.
7. Water freezes in the pipes, forcing them to Britain’s universities ................. at an unprecedented
................. and burst. rate at the end of the twentieth century.
8. Supermarkets ................. prices on many I believe that governments should increase spending on
basic items to attract more customers. the arts instead of ................. it.
9. Email and social networking websites have When it was closed down, the old fire station was
................. the way people communicate. ................. into an art gallery.
10. House prices are so high that the number of Because so many people are out of work, living
people buying their own home has standards are ................. rapidly.
................. in the last five years.
Condition
1 Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has the same or a
similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the words or phrases in bold,
and any other words that are necessary.
1. aboard / abroad
More and more people go abroad for their holiday.
In 2002, she became the first woman to travel aboard the space shuttle
Discovery.
2. action / activity
We decided to take immediate ................. when we realised there was a
problem.
The environmental changes in the area are the result of human ................. .
3. advice / advise
Can you ................. me on the best course of action to take?
He offered me some excellent ................. .
4. affect / effect
Diverting the course of the river will have a major ................. on the local
ecosystem.
Frequent traffic jams in the suburbs seriously ................. journey times into
the city.
5. appreciable / appreciative
Widening the road made an ................. difference to the flow of traffic.
The applause at the end of the concert was warm and ................. .
6. avoid / prevent
Rapid international action managed to ................. an environmental disaster
from taking place.
There are areas in the city that are wise to ................. after dark.
7. beside / besides
The company’s main office is ................. the railway station.
................. their regular daytime job, many people do extra work in the
evening.
8. briefly /shortly
................. before the earthquake began, many animals were seen to be
behaving in an unusual manner.
She spoke ................. but passionately about the need to help those in
developing countries.
1. job / work
Everybody has the right to a decent ................. with good pay.
During the economic recession, a lot of people found themselves out of
................. .
2. lay / lie
If you’re suffering from dehydration, you should drink plenty of water and
sit or ................. down for a while.
Before you begin the experiment, you should ................. a large plastic
sheet on the ground.
3. look at / watch
We need to ................. the situation carefully over the next few weeks and
see how things develop.
We need to ................. the problem carefully and decide if there is anything
we can do about it.
4. loose / lose
Some people are very competitive and hate to ................. a game or
competition.
The surface is mainly composed of ................. soil and small stones.
5. make / cause
The noise from traffic outside the school can ................. it hard to hear what
the teacher is saying.
Hurricanes ................. widespread damage in urban areas.
6. nature / countryside
Thousands of ................. lovers head for the national parks every weekend.
I’d rather live in the ................. than in a city.
7. per cent / percentage
It is a myth that only ten ................. of Americans hold a passport.
Only a small ................. of land is privately owned.
8. permission / permit
I’m afraid we can’t ................. photography in the museum.
We received ................. to attend the meeting, as long as we didn’t interrupt.
9. personal / personnel
My own ................. view is that professional football players are paid far
too much.
The company was in trouble until there was a change of ................. on the
management team.
10. possibility / chance
We might go to Spain for our field trip. Another ................. is that we’ll go
to Italy instead.
If we act now, we have a good ................. of finding a cure for the disease.
Confusing words & false friends 2
11. practice / practise
It’s important to ................. your English whenever possible.
I think I need more ................. before I take the exam.
12. priceless / worthless
................. paintings by artists like Van Gogh and Rembrandt should not be
in the hands of private collectors.
As inflation spiralled out of control, paper money suddenly became almost
................. .
13. principal / principle
Many people refuse to eat meat on ................. .
She was appointed University ................. in 2009.
The country’s ................. food products are coffee and sugar.
I believe in the ................. that healthcare should be free for everyone.
14. problem / trouble
At night, the streets are full of people fighting and generally causing
................. .
I was wondering if you could help me with a little ................. I’m having.
15. process / procession
The highlight of the carnival is a huge ................. along the town’s main
street.
In some cases, applying for a visa can be a long and frustrating ................. .
16. raise / rise
As prices ................., demand usually drops.
In response to the oil crisis, most airlines had to ................. their fares.
17. remember / remind
I can ................. my first day at school really well.
Language teachers often ................. their students that the best way to
remember new words is to use them as much as possible.
18. respectable / respectful
We all listened in ................. silence as she outlined her plans for the
museum’s future.
Everybody wants to bring their children up in a ................. neighbourhood.
19. tolerable / tolerant
People need to be more ................. of their neighbours, and not complain
every time they make too much noise.
The local authorities say that the noise from passing trains is ................., but
many living near the railway lines disagree.
20. treat / cure
Many hospitals are so understaffed that they are refusing to .................
patients with minor injuries.
The new drug was unable to ................. the disease, and hundreds died as a
result.
Context & meaning 1
When we see a new word (in a reading passage, for example), we can often
work out what it means, or get an idea of what it means, by looking at the
context in which it appears (for example, what is the passage about, what is
the sentence about and what information comes before and after the word?).
Identifying the meaning of a word from its context is an especially useful
skill in the IELTS Reading Test.
1. Without seeing them in a sentence, do you know (or can you guess) what
the words in the box mean?
2. Now look at the words in the passage. Can you guess what they mean
now? In your own words, explain what they might mean.
The remarkable success of Simon Weber’s book on owls, bats, foxes and
other nocturnal creatures, A Call in the Dark, is probably not surprising in
view of the popularity of his recent television series, ’Night Prowlers’. It is
a very thorough book by an author who is an expert in his field and who has
clearly done a lot of research. In addition to describing his own findings, he
cites the research carried out by others, including Wright and Lawson in the
1990s, and discusses where they might have gone wrong with some of their
assumptions. He writes coherently on the subject, beginning by looking at
basic facts before discussing progressively complex theories, without once
confusing his readers. This is a remarkable feat, considering the complexity
of the subject and the science that is often involved.
Another random document with
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CHAPTER XI.
CHANGE OF AIR AND SCENE.
Mr. Jessop duly arrived, and found, to his amazement, that his fish
and fruit had been forestalled; and there were other and yet greater
surprises in store for him.
He listened to Madeline’s plainly told tale, with his glass rigidly
screwed into his eye, his mouth pinched up as if he had an unusually
intricate “case” under his consideration.
He never once interrupted her, until she brought her recital to an
end, and she, in the heat and haste of her narrative, had permitted
him to know more of their poverty than he had dreamt of.
The Wynnes were as proud as they were poor; the extremity of
their straits was kept for their own exclusive experience. Mr. Jessop
gave an involuntary little gasp as he listened to the revelation about
the pawnbroker, the history of the miniature, and medals, and rings.
“By the way, I am going to redeem them the first thing to-morrow!”
said Madeline hurriedly.
“No, no, no, my dear Mrs. Wynne; such places for you are simply
out of the question. I will go,” protested Mr. Jessop, who had never
been inside such an institution in his life.
“No, certainly not; they know me quite well at Cohen’s, and you
are a stranger. I don’t mind one bit, as it will be for the last time; and
why should it be more out of the question now, than yesterday?
Does money make such a difference in a few hours?” (Money
sometimes makes a difference in a few minutes.)
On the whole, Mr. Jessop approved. The scheme was rash,
romantic, risky; but it was the only plan he could see for the present.
Mrs. Wynne must take her father in hand, and talk him over. “He
did not think she would have much trouble,” he added consolingly, as
he looked at her pretty, animated face; and he told himself that the
old fellow must have indeed a rocky heart if he could resist that. And
now for business, for action, for a council of war.
In a quarter of an hour it was all settled, so unanimous were
Madeline and Mr. Jessop.
A great doctor, whose speciality was low fever, was to be
summoned the next morning. If he consented, Mr. Jessop was to
come in the afternoon with a very, very easy brougham, and take the
invalid at once to Waterloo station, and by rail and carriage to a farm
house that he knew of, about fifty miles from London, where there
was pure air, pure milk, and every incentive to health. The baby and
Madeline were to follow the next day, after everything had been
packed up and stored with Mrs. Kane, who was now amenable to
anything, and amiable to imbecility.
The prescribed journey did take place by luxurious and easy
stages, and actually the next night Mr. Wynne passed under the red-
tiled roof of the farm in Hampshire. He was worn out by fatigue, and
slept well—slept till the crowing of the cocks and the lowing of the
cows had announced, long previously, that the day was commenced
for them. He sat in a lattice-paned sitting-room, looking into a sunny
old-fashioned garden (filled in summer with hollyhocks, sunflowers,
roses, and lavender, and many sweet-scented flowers well beloved
of bees), and felt better already, and made an excellent early dinner,
although his portly hostess declared, as she carried the dishes into
the kitchen, “that the poor sick gentleman—and ay, deary me, he do
look bad—had no more appetite than a canary!”
The sick gentleman’s wife and baby appeared on the scene in the
course of the afternoon, “a rare tall, pretty young lady she were,”
quoth the farm folk. A country girl took charge of the infant, who, as
long as he had plenty of milk in his bottle, and that bottle in his
clutch, was fairly peaceable and contented with things in general;
and was much taken with Mrs. Holt’s cap frills, with her bright tin
dishes on the kitchen shelves, and with various other new and
strange objects.
Madeline was thankful to get into the peaceful country, with its
placid green fields and budding hedges; to live in Farmer Holt’s old
red-roofed house, with the clipped yew trees in the sunny garden,
and the big pool at the foot of it overshadowed by elder trees.
Thankful to enjoy this haven of rest, away from murky London, with
its roar of hurrying existence and deafening street traffic that never
seemed to cease, night or day, in the neighbourhood of Solferino
Place.
Here the lusty crowing of rival cocks, the lowing of cows, the noise
of the churn were the only sounds that broke a silence that was as
impressive as it was refreshing. All things have an end. Madeline’s
three weeks’ leave soon came to a conclusion; and she most
reluctantly tore herself away from the farm, the evening before she
was due at Harperton. How happy she was here! Why must she go?
Laurence was better, a great deal better. He walked in the garden,
leaning on her arm at first, then in the lanes with no support but his
stick. He was more hopeful, more like his former self—he was
actually engaged in tying flies for Farmer Holt, as Madeline watched
him wistfully, with her chin on her hand. She loved the farm itself—
the farmer’s wife (kind Mrs. Holt, with a heart to match her ample
person). The sweet little chickens, and ducks, and calves, and foals,
were all delightful to Madeline, who, active as ever, had helped to
feed the former, learned to make butter, to make griddle-cakes, to
milk, and was on foot from six in the morning until nine o’clock at
night, and had recovered the look of youth and well-being which had
so long been missing from her appearance.
The farmer himself was to drive her to the station in his dog-cart,
and she and Laurence strolled down the lane together to say a few
last words ere they parted—for how long?
Laurence was hopeful now, and Madeline was tearfully
despondent. He was recovering, and felt more self-reliance every
day. He would soon, please God, be back at work.
“I don’t know what has come over me, Laurence,” said his wife, as
they came to the gate and a full stop. “I feel so low, so depressed,
something tells me that I shall not see you again for ages,” her eyes
filling with tears. “And I feel so nervous about meeting papa,” and her
lips quivered as she spoke.
“Nonsense, Maddie! you must never meet trouble half way. Your
father cannot but be pleased with you, and when you tell him about
me——”
“Oh, but I won’t, I dare not at first,” she interrupted hastily. “It all
comes back to me now. The days in that big house in Toorak, and
how I used to be afraid when I heard his voice in the entrance-hall—
his voice when he was angry. I used to run away and hide under a
bed!”
“Nevertheless you must tell him, all the same; you are not a child
now. And when you point out to him that his silence for two years
and a half left you to a certain extent your own mistress, and that
your unlucky marriage was the result of the reins being thrown on
your neck——”
“Now, Laurence!” putting her hand on his arm, “you know I won’t
listen to that; and if the worst comes to the worst, I can run away
again!”
“So you can; and I think in another fortnight I shall be fit for—for
harness. Jessop says——”
“If Mr. Jessop say anything so wicked, he and I will quarrel!”
exclaimed Madeline indignantly. “You are not to do anything for three
months; there is plenty of money left yet.”
“Yes; but, Maddie,” producing some notes, “you know you can’t
appear before your father like that,” pointing to her dress. “You will
need a couple of decent gowns; and I don’t think much of that hat.
You must take forty pounds, without any nonsense, you know.”
“No, I won’t,” pushing it away impatiently. “I don’t require it.”
“But you do, and must take it, and do as I desire you—goodness
knows it’s little enough! Promise me to spend every farthing on
yourself. You ought to be respectably dressed when you meet your
father. Where is your common sense? And naturally he will ask—
Where is the hundred pounds he gave you for new frocks?
Remember, Maddie, if he is very angry, you can always come back
to me”—kissing her. “And now that I am not so down on my luck, I
feel anxious to work for you, and the sooner the better; and the
sooner you return the better. Here is Holt,” as the farmer, driving a
slashing long-tailed colt, came quickly round the corner into view.
“He is driving that crazy four-year-old! I hope he will take care of you.
Mind you leave her there safely, farmer,” as his nimble wife climbed
up into the lofty dog-cart. “Good-bye, Maddie; be sure you write to-
morrow.” Stepping aside as they dashed through the gate, carried
forward by the impatient chestnut.
Madeline looked back, and waved her handkerchief. Yes, he was
still standing gazing after them, even when they had gone quite a
distance; finally she applied the handkerchief to her eyes.
“Now, don’t take on so, ma’am,” murmured the farmer, his eyes
fixed on the colt’s quivering ears. “We’ll take good care of him! He is
a real nice young gentleman; and as to baby, I don’t see how the
missus will ever part with him. You cheer up! Ain’t you a-going to
meet your father?”
“Yes, Mr. Holt,” she faltered; “but I may as well tell you that he has
not seen me for more than twelve years. He—I—we thought he was
dead. He does not know that I am married!”
“Oh, great gooseberries!” ejaculated her listener emphatically.
“What a taking he’ll be in!”
“No, and he is not to know just yet. I am Miss West, not Mrs.
Wynne, until I have paved the way. I’ve told your wife all about it; she
knows.”
“I don’t see what your father can have to say agin Mr. Wynne?”
said Holt stoutly. “He is a gentleman. The king himself is no more.”
“Ah, yes; but he has no money,” sighed Madeline.
“Maybe he has brains; and them does just as well. Don’t let your
father come between you—you know the Bible says, ‘As——’”
“Mr. Holt!” she exclaimed, flushing indignantly, “do you think I
would ever desert Laurence? No, not for fifty fathers. No, not if my
father came all the way from London on his knees, would I ever give
up Laurence and baby, or forget them for one single hour!”
“Nay, I’m sure you wouldn’t, excuse me, ma’am. But, you see,
your father’s very rich, and you are just wonderful pretty, and when
the old gent—meaning no offence—has you living in a kind of
palace, with servants, and carriages and ’osses, and tricked out in
dress and jewels, and every one pushing and jostling one another to
tell you what a grand and beautiful lady you be—why, maybe, then
you won’t be so keen for coming back; you know it would be only
human nature—at least,” coolly correcting himself—“woman’s natur.”
“Well, Mr. Holt,” she returned rather stiffly, “time will tell. I cannot
say more than that,” unintentionally quoting from Mrs. Kane. “I know
myself that I shall come back, and soon. Remember,” stopping when
she had jumped down, and holding his bony hand tightly in both of
hers, “remember,” she repeated, looking up into his honest rugged
face, with dim and wistful eyes, “I leave them in your charge. Don’t
let Laurence overtire himself—don’t let him walk too far. Don’t let the
baby have a halfpenny to play with again—or the toasting-fork. And,
oh, I must go! Remember, above all, that I shall soon return.”
Exit Miss West, running to take her ticket and claim her luggage;
and Farmer Holt, fearing the effect of the train, for the first time, on
his rampant colt, prudently turned his head back towards the cool
green lanes without any dangerous delay.
CHAPTER XII.
“SHE WILL DO!”