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The Effects of Absenteeism in The Academic Performance of Smaw 12 Students
The Effects of Absenteeism in The Academic Performance of Smaw 12 Students
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Based on our observation there are many students were engaged in smoking in nearby
places and in our school campus. Smoking the act of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning
plants material. A variety of plant materials are smoked, including marijuana and hashish, but the
act is most commonly associated with tobacco as smoked in a cigarette, cigar or pipe. Tobacco
contains nicotine an alkaloid that is addictive and can have both stimulating and tranquilizing
psychoactive effects. Smoking soon spread to other areas and today is widely practiced around
the world despite medical, social, and religious arguments against it. Although there are several
studies conducted on teenage smoking, the causes to become smokers in the student remain
unclear. Several factors were identified study is to investigate the effect of the relationship
This study examined low perceptions of the student smoking in the school environment
and the actual smoking rate among senior student at a school are related to smoking. Multilevel
logistic regression analysis was used to examine correlate of ever smoking in a simple of 4,286.
Senior High School student are at increased risk for smoking if they often see students smoking
hear their school report that students school smoke where they are not allowed and attend a
school with a relatively high senior students smoke rate. A low risk student (No family or friends
who smoke) was ever twice as likely to try smoking if he/she attended a high-risk school.
Prevention programs should target both at risk schools and at risk students and strongly enforced
policies. Preventing students from smoking no or near school properly should be implemented. It
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seems that a school with a large member of older students who smokes. Create a high risk
environment for smoking among the younger students at that school. This finding supports
existing research. In addition the finding that low risk student in high risk schools are more than
twice as likely to have tried smoking than their counter parts in low risk schools suggest that
characteristics with in the school environment affect even the youth who are least vulnerable to
smoking initiation. These finding provides empirical evidence supporting the current theoretical
literature characteristics of the school a students attend may be risk factors for smoking onset
above and beyond the characteristics of the student. The purpose of the study was to extend
findings to a younger cohort and develop a more nuanced understanding of these phenomena by
examine how the combination of the prevalence of senior high school student who smoke at a
school and students perceptions of smoking restrictions might interact to influence early
According to Ontario Tobacco Control Act (2015) the smoking banned in school
buildings and on school property in all publicity funded school in Ontario Canada. As such,
student perceptions of school smoking restrictions may have more influence on smoking
behaviour than the school presence of restriction. The number of smokers at a school may also
According to the World Health Organizations (2015) 22% of the world population aged over
15 years are smokers and approximately six million people die from tobacco use or exposure to
tobacco smoke. Studies in Iran show that about 26% of the Iranian men and 3.6% of the women
participating in the study are current smokers. Unfortunately, prevalence of smoking between
college students is higher than in the general population in Iran. With a cross-sectional
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population based study, Prevalence of smoking in resident of Iran capital of Iran is 12%. On the
other hand they found out among the students of Iran, 35.4% of men are smokers the high
prevalence of smoking (42.5%) among the college student. Cigarette use among student is
particular concern because medically educated person play a leading role in the prevention of
tobacco use in the school campus. In some studies the smoking rate was 16-21% (5-8).
According to Nasary (2016) she study the prevalence of smoking among male students in
Seaman University of Medical Science, Iran and found a smoking rate 14.4%(10).she also study
on how to assessed the prevalence of cigarette smoking among students of Shiraz University of
Medical Sciences .According to her internship students showed the highest prevalence of
smoking (17%) among the students. Our studies highlight the need for performing more
information and investigations on the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use and
According to Rafael and Zully (2016) the influence of the students own classmates is a
great influence for the beginning of the habits of smoking. Peer influence was found to be a
strong predictor of smoking initiation in almost all studies that included these measures. Their
studies also found out that influence of friends is the major reason for initiation of smoking habit
and this is similar to the studies that done by Naing in (2004). They also found out that curiosity
is also the reasons for initiation smoking. Usually, most of the teenagers starting smoking out of
their curiosity to know what is it and how it is. According to their more than 75% of the study
According to Rezaei having a smoker family member, particularly parents, can increase
the risk of smoking among teenagers similar results were seen in the presents study were high
percentage of the study group (51.2%) agreed that smoking habit starts because of smokers in the
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family. Between the ages of 14-18 years old, a person is most likely to get attracted toward
smoking habit and become an addict for the rest his or her life.
According to the review given by Aristidis et al., commercials play an important role in
the promotion of smoking behaviour. The initiation of smoking is often related to the influence
and immediacy advertisements. On the other hand, this is the age where factors such as stress,
attention disorder, psychological pressures, and conflicts from parents play an important role in
impacting the individual personality, and most of the teens are seen fighting with these kinds of
This study aimed to know the reasons of the students why they are engaged in smoking.
1. Is there a relationship between the smoking and health among the Senior High School
students?
This study covers only to the grade 12 Senior High School students who are enrolled in
Isabela National High School-Senior High School who are engaged in smoking nearby the
school and in school campus at Portia Koelman Village Brgy. Guintubhan, Isabela Negros
SHOOL ADMINISTRATORS. This study could be used by the administrators as a basis of the
students in their study guide. Administrators maybe aware of the difficulties encountered by the
TEACHERS. The Given data would guide the teachers on what to do with the students that are
smoking. The teacher would be able to understand on why some students are engaged in
PARENTS. Like teachers, the parent too will understand why their children are engaged in
smoking from school through the given data .The given data would help them formulate some
preventive measures to help their children from smoking. The findings would also help them
STUDENTS. The result will provide the students with some knowledge on smoking and how it
can be avoided. It will give the students a realization that being smoker is not useful to both
student and the people around him. At the end of this study students would finally know why
FUTURE RESEARCHER. This study will give them knowledge or how to conduct research
Chapter 2
This chapter exhibited the related works, literature, studies, and scholarly pieces that constitute
the foundation of the study. Specifically, included here are local and foreign literature and
studies that will serve as basis that will develop the grounds for experimentation and testing.
Related Concept
On Behaviour
(Dweck et al 1995), (Spinath et al, 2003), (e, g, Blackwell et al, 2007). The Lay theory is the core
assumptions of people regarding the extent to which human attributes are dynamic and
changeable or static and fixed. (Dweck et al 1995). According to Dweck et al (2007), propose a
distinction between an incremental theory- the belief that a given characteristics is flexible and
can be cultivated overtime and an Entity Theory- the belief that a given characteristics is stable
overtime and not available to efforts for change. In addition to being unrelated to personality
traits (Spinath et al, 2003), Lay theories are also domain specific. For example, a person`s Lay
theory about malleability of intelligence may not be the same as his/her Lay theory regarding
distinct categories (Dweck et al, 1995) Yet they often measured and more recently though to
exist on a continue beliefs regarding the plasticity of a tribute ranging from entirely changeable
Lay theories are associated modestly with such control beliefs (Dweck et el, 1995) Because
the incremental theorist believed that attribute can change while entity theorist believe that
attribute are fixed, the former are somewhat more likely to believe they have greater control over
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can change my smoking behaviour ’’) whereas Lay theories are broader and focus on the
flexibility of a give characteristics across individuals (e g “I think that, for most people, once
they start smoking, they can never stop’’) . Hence, they embody to separate contracts, which is
why they are correlated only some of the time (Dweck et al,1995)
Lay theories have ramification for motivation and behaviour. In the face of setback, incremental
theorist make fewer helpless attributions for performance, report being more motivated to put
forth effort to improved future behaviour, and subsequently perform better related to entity
theorist (for a review, see Dweck,2012). These findings have face validity, if people perceive
change is possible (i e, adopt incremental beliefs). Then trying to overcome setbacks with effort
is a fruitful endeavour, however, if people belief change is not possible (i e, adopts entity beliefs)
then increasing effort in the face of challenge would in effect, be futile. Thus, whereas entity
beliefs undermined motivation and lead to more negative outcomes, incremental beliefs can be
harnessed to increase motivation and promote positive behaviour change. To this point, seminal
research revealed that students who adopted incremental beliefs about intelligence where more
motivated to perform well and receive better grades over the course of challenging, two year
relative to students who adopted entity beliefs, controlling for a prior academic achievements
Related Studies
Foreign Studies
8
According to ardic et al (2015) this study investigated the relationship between Lay theories of
cigarette smoking and expectation to smoke and also, this study developed tested theory to a set
for understanding of smoking behaviour among the relationship between depression and
smoking behaviour. The purpose of the study was to investigate the smoking habits of the
students who are studying at three facilities in university of Tuzla in academic year 2012-2013
and to investigate whether there is a difference in smoking habits of the students from the
difference faculties. The findings in this are subject to at least three limitations. First, these data
apply only to adolescents who attend high school. In 1998, five per cent of persons age 16 to 17
were not enrolled in a high school program and had not completed high school. The conducted
analysis have shown that is the same 22.8% of current smokers and 7.8% are former smokers
who now no longer smoke. Due to the adopted smoking habits which some students begun to
adopt in the age of 13, in 47.5% part of students occasionally was observed some symptoms
( cough, etc.) which are attributed to smoking. The analysis showed no statistically significant
gender difference in smoking habits. Although the trend of smoking in the populations students
progression, on the same quantity as male colleagues. We did not find any statistically significant
difference of adopting smoking habits. The study lacked knowledge about issues related harmful
effect of tobacco on the human body which in the next survey will be incorporated. It is
necessary to organize and education lectures and the student population to raise awareness about
the harmful effects of smoking in order to reduce the prevalence of ssmoking. In the order
findings prevalence the analyses have shown that in this sample 22.8% of current smokers and
7.8% were former smokers who now no longer smoke. The analysis showed no statistically
significance difference in smoking habits of all students. There were to statistically significance
difference in the daily consumption of cigarette between faculties. The relationship of the present
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study to thesis in somewhat relevant to our present study since the aim of our present study is
also to investigate or examine how perception of smoking among senior high school students
specially boys. In short, they`re related to one another because, the main goal of both studies is to
LOCAL STUDIES
According to Helena B. Floredo (2014) Cigarette smoking is always harmful since it is one
of the primary reasons for human death, However, smoking can be prevented. In the Philippines,
there are death of studies conducted that deal with cigarette. Smoking behaviour among college
student and it`s correlates to anxiety. The researcher used questionnaires, standardise test and
interviews to gather data. Likewise descriptive correlational method, purposive sampling and
SPSS were utilize .Out of 1,866 freshman students surveyed in Isabela State University Main
Campos, Philippines, 286 were current smokers. Findings revealed that most of the participants
are in their adolescence stage, male dominated receive minimal allowance, have parents with
high educational attainment and their parents job require physical labor. Results showed that
peer, family, mass media, environmental factors respectively expect for the teacher factor had
considerable impact on the smoking behaviour of the smokers have a high level of anxiety.
Anxiety is significantly related to the developmental stage when one started smoking and stocks
he/she consumed per day. An intervention program aimed at reducing anxiety and cigarette
Synthesis
10
In this study, it presented the related studies that can support the possible result from the
relationship between smoking and the health of senior high school students.
Smoking the one problem of our society especially in school. There are so many smokers
everywhere. Mostly in the store, or even in highway. As the student like as we do this as our
research title for them to know what are the bad effects of smoking cigarettes in their own health.
To let them know that smoking cigarette is not just a good habit in their daily life. Our study
focuses only to the health and the common experiences of the different students who are taking
cigarettes. Because cigarettes smoking harms nearly every organ of the body causes many
disease reduces the health of smokers in general, that’s why smokers are more likely than none
smokers to develop heart disease, stroke and lung cancer because cigarette smoking is the
leading preventable cause of death. But if quitting smoking, the lower your risk for smoking
Researcher conducted this study not only for their selves but also for the people out there
especially for the students. Regarding in effects in smoking, the researchers can raise awareness
about the importance of it and that they can play their roles and responsibilities in dealing with
Research Hypothesis
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HO = There is no significant relationship between smoking and the health of senior high school
among students.
Ha = There is a significant relationship between smoking and the health senior high school
students.
This study is all about The Relationship between Smoking and the Health of Senior High
School Students and this table demonstrate what our research is all about. We need to
demonstrate our research study in different categories like the profile of students, analysis of
data, and the improvement of student role. That is why we need to fill-up all the categories based
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
This chapter includes and discusses the methodology, the research design, the subject, the
instrument, the data gathering procedures, the techniques will be employed for the data analysis
Research Design
The research design of this study most appropriate in this investigation is the descriptive,
especially survey method. Questionnaires were used to determine the relationship between
smoking and the health of senior high school students were in participants rated each question.
Isabela National high school- Senior High School is located at Barangay Guintubhan
Isabela, Negros Occidental. The most of the students were living far from school and came from
poor families. The said school is consist of 3 hectares of land. It is also near the residence of the
said village.
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The participants of this study included only the Senior High School students of Isabela
National High School- Senior High School Located at Brgy. Guintubhan Isabela, Negros
Occidental for the school year 2019-2020. The participants of the study were only thirty (30)
Senior High School students which were Grade 11 and Grade 12 who came from different
strands.
Research Instrument
The research conducted a survey to gather information through the researchers made
questionnaire in relation to the green initiatives of Senior High School students in Isabela
National High School-Senior High School. The questionnaire was composed of two Parts: the
demographic profile of the participants; the second part is made of question about the situation
and environmental activities they were doing related to the relationship between smoking and the
health of senior high school students and to what level or extent of awareness they are in. The
questionnaire has only ten (10) question answerable by five-point Likert Scale (5-strongly
To attest the validity of the research instrument or the questionnaire, a jury composed of
three (3) evaluators who were experts in this field or who are knowledgeable in research
instruments or the questionnaire. They reviewed every item and term used in the questionnaire
After the validation of the research instrument, the reliability of the research instrument
followed through a dry-run method. The instrument was distributed once to a group of the
students who are commonly experience of smoking but are studying in Isabela National High
School-Senior high School. The dry-run participants were randomly selected students of the
same school who did not belong to the actual participants of the study. The date were collected,
In gathering data, the researcher wrote a letter to the assistant principal asking permission
to conduct a survey in relation to the commonly experience of smoking of thirty (30) Senior
High School students in Isabela National High School-Senior High School which composed of
thirty (30) males students coming from each strands and tracks, afterwards the assistant principal
Ethical Consideration
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Chapter 4
This study presents the data gathered as well as the analyses and interpretation.
Specifically, it present and describes the common experiences encountered by the senior high
school students who are smoking. Furthermore, it examines the relationship of variables.
of each individual in identifying to the common experiences encountered by the senior high
school students who are smoking. The frequency and percentage distribution were utilized to
Male 30 100%
Female 0 0%
Total 30 100%
This implies that all participants are males composed of thirty (30) males and zero (0)
female students coming from each strands and tracks, afterwards the assistant principal approved
the letter.
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Data were collected through questionnaire made by the researchers. The questionnaire
was made up of ten (10) questions. These questions are related to the situations and
environmental activities they were doing related to the relationship between smoking and health
Data Analysis
All the data collected from the participants were arranged, tallied and presented in a series
of tables and graphs. Frequency counts and percentage were used in the analysis and
interpretation of data in the number 1 in the statement of the problem, mean was the most
applicable/ appropriate statistical tool in number 2. Thus, a questionnaire was given to the
Table 2 shows the frequency and percentage of the participant’s age. 36.66% of the
participant’s age is 17 years old, 30% of the participant’s age is 18 years old, 13.33% of the
participant’s age is 16 years old, 10% of the participant’s age is 19 years old,6.67% of the
participant’s age is 20 years old, 3.33% of the participant’s age is 22 years old.
16 4 0 4 13.33%
17 11 0 11 36.66%
18 9 0 9 30%
19 3 0 3 10%
20 2 0 2 6.67%
17
22 1 0 1 3.33%
Total 30 0 30 100%
This further tells that most of the participant’s age is 17 years old or 36.66% of the total
participant’s age.
Table 3: Show the frequency and percentage of the participant weekly allowance
6.66% of the participants has an allowance of Php100 per week, 3.33% has Php150 per week,
13.33% has Php200 per week, 26.66% has Php250 per week, 33.33% has Php300 per week
100 2 6.66%
150 1 3.33%
200 4 13.33%
250 8 26.66%
300 10 33.33%
500 5 16.66%
Total 30 100%
This table shows that most of the participants have a weekly allowance of Php300.
_______________________________________________. _5 4 3 2 1
Total
1. I Smoke when I am stressed. 6 11 1 5 7 30
Table 4 shows the result of the statement. In statement number 1, there are 11 out of 30
students disagree that they are smoking because of stress. Statement number 2, there are 9 out of
30 students disagree that they are smoking because of influence of their friends. Statement
number 3, there are 8 out of 30 students disagree that they are smoking after class. Statement
number 4 there are 9 out of 30 students strongly disagree that smoking can help to their studies.
Statement number 5 there are 9 out of 30 students disagree that they feel cool when they hold
cigarette. Statement number 6 there are 10 out 30 students disagree that they feel happy when
they are smoking. Statement 8 there are 8 out of 30 students there are 9 out of 30 strongly
disagree that they are smoking because they are bored. Statement number 8 there are 9 out of 30
students disagree because they can’t stop smoking. Statement 9 there are 10 out of 30 students
disagree because they feel nauseous if they can’t smoking. Statement number 10 there are 14 out
of 30 students disagree that they feel incomplete if they could not smoke.
1 2.93333 1.36289
2 2.66667 1.12444
3 2.76667 1.13512
4 3.5 3.50123
5 2.76667 1.38174
6 2.83333 1.14721
7 2.76667 1.38174
8 2.33333 1.31525
9 2.93333 1.43679
10 2.86667 1.4077
Table 5 shows that students of senior high school is small extent disagree that they smoke
when they are stress with S.D (1.36289) the students disagree that they smoke because of the
influence of their friends with S.D (1.12444) the students disagree that they smoke after class
with the S.D (1.13512) the students strongly disagree that smoking is great help to their studies
with the S.D (3.50123) the students disagree that they feel cool when they hold cigarette with the
S.D (1.38174) the students disagree that they feel happy when they are smoking with the S.D
(1.14721) the students strongly disagree that they are smoking because they are bored with the
S.D (1.38174) the students disagree because they can’t stop smoking with S.D (1.31525) the
students disagree because they feel nauseous if they can’t smoke S.D (1.43679) the students
disagree that they feel incomplete if they could not smoke with the S.D (1.4077)
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Chapter 5
opposite to study of The Relationship between Smoking and the Health of Senior High School
Students
Summary of Findings
The study seeks to determine the relationships between smoking and the health of senior high
school students in Isabela National High School- Senior High School. Descriptive survey was the
research design.
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The result of the study revealed a number of valuable insights regarding the relationship
between smoking and the health of Senior High School Students. They are the following:
1. The total number of participant who answered the questionnaire were 30 senior high school
b.) 36.66% of the participants who answer the questionnaire were 17 years old, 30% were 18
years old, 13.33% were 16 years old , 10% were 19 years old, 6.67% were 20 years old and the
2.) Using test of difference to ascertain significant responses of the participants regarding to The
Conclusion
The prevalence of the The Relationship between Smoking and Health of Senior High
School students are range of limitation. In this study at the age of 16-22 they are already
smoking. The main reason why they are smoking is because they are stress, curiosity and
influence of their peers. In this study can be viewed as a barrier to help and change the health
Recommendation
Based on the conclusion of the study, the researcher recommends the following:
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merchandising of the product which is one hundred meters from any point of the
2. Principal should monitor and check all the vendors surrounding in the near campus if
3. Teachers should monitor the behaviour of their students and give advice to those students
4. Parents must make sure their children to understand the dangers of smoking and limit or
5. Students by allowing them to understand the effect of smoking to their health and their
studies.
REFERENCES
Abe, J.A.A. (2005).The implicit association test to assess children’s implicit attitude toward
smoking
CC Fitz.(2015).Lay theories of smoking and young adult non- smokers and smokers
Ehsan Tahari (2015). Cigarette Smoking Behaviour and the related factors among the Students of
Helena B. Florendo (2014). Cigarette Smoking Behavior Correlates with high Anxiety among
Md Shaked Anjum (2016). Reasons for smoking among teenagers of age 14-17 years in
World Health Organization.(2011).Tobacco Free. Initiative CTFI, about youth and tobacco
CURRICULUM VITAE
JANIN ROSE M. MATA
Barangay Camp Clark, Isabela Negros, Occidental
09096961776
Janinrosemata@gmail.com
Personal Information
Name: Janin Rose M. Mata Age: 19
Birthdate: July 26, 2000 Sex: Female
Religion: Catholic Nationality: Filipino
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Achievements
Educational Attainment
Elementary Camp Clark Elementary School (2012 – 2013)
Junior High Isabela National High School (2017 – 2018)
Senior High Isabela National High School – Senior High School (2019 – 2020)
Character Attainment
Name Address Contact No.
Rosalie Edang Barangay Camp Clark, Isabela, Negros, Occidental 09106074394
Rubie Juanillo Barangay Camp Clark, Isabela, Negros, Occidental 09501654466
Veronica Mata Barangay Camp Clark, Isabela, Negros, Occidental 09102300660