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HUME’S PRESENCE IN THE
DIALOGUES CONCERNING
NATURAL RELIGION
HUME’S PRESENCE IN THE
DIALOGUES CONCERNING
NATURAL RELIGION
Robert J. Fogelin
1
1
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
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Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries.
Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
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© Oxford University Press 2017
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the
Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress.
978-0-19-067350-5
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America
for
Peter Ohlin
When I feel an ambition arise in me of contributing to the
instruction of mankind, and of acquiring a name by my in-
ventions and discoveries, these sentiments spring up natu-
rally; and should I endeavour to banish them, by attaching
myself to any other business or diversion, I feel I should be
a loser in point of pleasure; and this is the origin of my
philosophy.
Davi d Hum e , A Treatise of Human Nature
P R E FA C E
Introduction 3
Letter from Pamphilus to Hermippus 5
Part One “Let us become thoroughly sensible of the weakness,
blindness, and narrow limits of human reason.” Philo 7
Part Two “Look round the world . . . : you will find it to be nothing
but one great machine.” Cleanthes 23
Part Three “Must you not instantly ascribe it to some design or
purpose?” Cleanthes 29
Part Four “I have found a Deity; and here I stop my enquiry.”
Cleanthes 37
Part Five “What tools and levers and derricks?” Philo 40
Parts Six and Seven “It must be a slight fabric, which can be
erected on so tottering a foundation.” Demea 45
Part Eight “Each disputant triumphs in his turn.” Philo 48
xii Contents
Introduction╇105
1. Hume, Pyrrhonism, and Fideism╇ 107
2. Richard Popkin on Hume and Pyrrhonism╇ 113
3. The New Hume╇ 119
4. Garrett on Hume’s Notion of a True Religion╇ 124
5. David Hume on the Dialogues╇130
xiii
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
xv
HUME’S PRESENCE IN THE
DIALOGUES CONCERNING
NATURAL RELIGION
SECTION I
A Textual Study
Introduction
3
4 A Textual Study
2. I have examined this tension between Hume’s naturalistic program and his em-
ployment of strong skeptical arguments, first in Hume’s Skepticism in the Treatise
of Human Nature (Fogelin 1985) and, with various writings between, in Hume’s
Skeptical Crisis (Fogelin 2009).
Introduction 5
When asked why the study of the gods is so delayed, Demea re-
sponds:
1. Chrysippus.
7
8 A Textual Study
This response has two sides. The first stresses the primacy of deeply
inculcating religious beliefs before they become topics of critical
examination. The second stresses the inherent weakness of our in-
tellectual faculties. The result is dogmatism protected by skepti-
cism, but not threatened by it—historically a popular and potent
combination.
Philo concurs with the second (the skeptical) theme in Demea’s
presentation and goes on to outdo him:
2. Hume makes exactly this same point in section 11 of the Enquiry with a specific
reference to religious philosophers:
The religious philosophers, not satisfied with the tradition of your forefathers,
and doctrine of your priests . . . indulge a rash curiosity, in trying how far they
can establish religion upon the principles of reason; and they thereby excite,
instead of satisfying, the doubts, which naturally arise from a diligent and scru-
tinous enquiry. (EHU 11, 10)
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— Oliko tämmöistä edellisenkin luostarinvanhimman Varsonofin
aikana? Kerrotaan, että hän ei pitänyt mistään koreasta, hypähteli ja
pieksi kepillä naisväkeäkin, — huomautti Fjodor Pavlovitš
noustessaan portaita.
2.
Vanha narri
Vaikeata oli nytkin päättää, tekikö hän pilaa vai oliko todellakin niin
liikutettu.
3.
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