ELEC3101 Electromechanical Energy Conversion

Işık University EE Dept.

Homework # 4

Date Assigned: June 13, 2022 Date Due: June 16, 2022

Q1) A three-phase, 5-kVa, 208-V, four-pole, 60-Hz star connected synchronous machine has

negligible stator winding resistance and a synchronous reactance of 8 Ω/phase. The machine

is connected to the three-phase, 208-V, 60-Hz electric utility and its shaft is driven by a prime

mover with external torque such that the machine operates as generator.

a) What is the operating speed of the machine shaft in revolutions per minute?

b) If the generator delivers the rated kVA with 0.8 power factor lagging, what are the

generator internal voltage Eaf and the internal angle δ?

c) In the condition of (b), if the rotor field winding current is increased by 20% but the

torque applied by the prime mover remains the same, what is the new operating power

factor?

d) With the field current as in (b), the prime mover power is slowly increased. What is

the largest power that the generator can generate? Under this operating condition,

calculate the stator current, reactive power, and the power factor.

e) Consider the case of (d) but now include the practical model of the electric utility grid.

In real life the electric utility grid is not an ideal voltage source. There is always some

amount of resistance and inductance that appear as internal impedance components. In

the case of strong grid (described as infinite bus), the internal impedance is small.

Typically, for an energy system providing power to a range of costumers through a

distribution transformer has a distribution transformer with a leakage reactance of

A.M. Hava, Spring 2022 ELEC3101-HW4

 ELEC3101 Electromechanical Energy Conversion
Işık University EE Dept.
about 4-6%. In the case of 1 MVA system, for example, the inductance per phase is

about 100 µH per phase and the resistance is negligible. Now, with such a system, if

the synchronous generator in the case of (d) is connected to the electric power grid,

what is the impact of this inductance on the power transfer from the generator to the

electric utility grid?

Q2) The same machine of Q1 is now fed from the same electric utility grid, but now it is

operated as motor. Its field current is adjusted such that the machine draws 3kW power with

unity power factor.

a) Find the generator internal voltage Eaf and the internal angle δ,

b) Find the torque delivered to the shaft.

c) If the field excitation current is kept constant and the mechanical load slowly

increases, find the maximum torque the machine can supply (where higher torque

forces the machine to looses synchronism and it pulls out).

Q3) A U shaped electromagnet is required to lift an iron bar that is at a distance of 1 mm. The

cross sectional area of each magnet pole is 12 cm2. The flux density in each airgap is 0.8 T.

Assume the magnetic material has infinite permeability.

a) If the electromagnet is made from an N=100 turn winding wound on the U shaped

material, what is the value of the current?

b) What is the force exerted by the electromagnet on the iron bar?

A.M. Hava, Spring 2022 ELEC3101-HW4