isolation of eugenol

from clove oil

ISOLATION OF EUGENOL FROM CLOVE OIL

Abstract
Indonesia is a one largest contries produces oil cloves around the world. Cloves oil can
be produces from the parts of the plant like flowers, steam and leaves. The quality of
clove oil is evaluated based of the phenols content especially its eugenol. The eugenol
is the higgest content of the cloves oil and ude widely in industry such as an anti
bacterial, anastetic, perfums, etc.
The aim of this research was isolate eugenol from cloves oil used extraction method
additional NaOH and HCl. Before extracted, cloves oil is purified using coloumn
chromatography. After that, is was separated using extraction method. Clove oil
isolation was identified best on the chemical test like adding a KMnO4 reagent to know
non aromatic double bondof eugenol isolation. The density of eugenol is 1,109 gr/ml and
this yield is 80,909%. Identification using spectrophotometer UV-Vis obtained
wavelength in 229,6 nm.
Keyword: clove oil, eugenol, extraction, identification.

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The Background of Research

Eugenol

Benefits of
clove oil

Pharmacia
l industry,
cosmetics,
food
industry

formulation
of the
problem
How to isolate eugenol from clove oil?

how the physical and chemical properties of

the isolated eugenol?

How to analyze the results of isolation of eugenol

with UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR
spectrophotometer, H-NMR, and MS?

The purpose of Research

To know how isolation of eugenol
from clove oil

To know the chemical properties of

eugenol isolated
To know the analytical results of the
isolated eugenol with UV-Vis
spectrophotometer, FTIR
spectrophotometer, H-NMR, and MS

Clov
e oil
is
used
clove
oil
trade

Identifi
cation
of
eugen
ol
using
UV-Vis,
FTIR,
HNMR,
and

Isolati
on of
eugen
ol
using
percol
ation
metho
d and
extrac
tion
acidbase

The Limitation of
Problem

Test the
physical
properti
es such
as
density
and
chemic
al
properti
es of
eugenol

The benefits
Can isolate eugenol from clove oil trade

To determine the physical properties (density)

and chemical properties of eugenol isolated

Can analyze Eugenol isolation results with UV-Vis

Spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrophotometer, HNMR, and MS

Classification of cloves
Subkingdom

Tracheobinta (vascular
plants)

Super Division

Spermatophyta (seed yield)

Division

Magnoliophyta (flowering
plants)

Class

Magnoliopsida (dicots)

Subclass

Rosidae

Order

Myrtales

Family

Myrtaceae (syzygium)

Genus

Syzygium

Species

Syzygium aromaticum

Percolation
The percolation is the most common procedure for the
preparation of tinctures and fluid extracts.
The percolator is a conical vessel with a top opening in
which is placed a circular drilled lid allowing the pass of
liquid and subjecting the materials placed on it to a
slight pressure.

Method of Eugenol Isolation

Acid-base extraction is a procedure using sequential
liquidliquid extractions to purify acids and bases from
mixtures based on their chemical properties

methodology
1 Time and place research
This study was on 16 to 20 April 2016 for the
Organic Chemistry Laboratory of the State Islamic
University (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

methodology
2tools and materials
Tools
Chromatography coloumn
Glass separated
Pompa vakum
Hot plate
Analytical weight
Beaker glass
Test tube
drop pipette
UV-Vis spectrophotometer
FTIR spectrophotometer
H-NMR spectrophotometer
MS spectrophotometer
measuring pipette

Materials
Clove oil trade
Solution of NaOH (35 g / 50 ml)
25% HCl solution
Glass wool
aquades
ethanol
clay active

3 methods
a

Percolation of clove oil

clove oil
- Taken 100 mL clove oil
- The clay is activated with the oven for 30 minutes
- Clay actively included in the chromatography column
- Vacuum with a vacuum pump
- Clove oil put into the chromatographic column containing
active clay
result

Isolation eugenol from clove oil

Clove oil
-Taken clove oil from percolation result
-Add NaOH solution
-stirring until the mixture is alkaline (if the clot plus water) and heated on a
hotplate until melted
-inserted separating funnel
the bottom
layer

the top layer

-taken as Na-eugenolat
-added 25% HCl to pH 3
-inserted separating funnel
the bottom
layer

the top layer

- Taken eugenol

Test chemical properties

Isolate eugenol
set up a test tube
added to the test tube isolated eugenol 3 doped
added 1 mL ethanol 96%
Added 3 drops of KMnO4 loss of color indicates their non-aromatic
double bond
result

Test physical properties

Isolate eugenol

Weighed 100 ml measuring cup

Entered into a measuring cup isolated eugenol
Weighed density eugenol
Compared to the values obtained with standard eugenol
result

Identification with UV-Vis

Spectrophotometer

Isolate eugenol

taken 2 drops of eugenol isolated

added to a test tube
diluted with 10 mL ethanol 96%
determined pattern of the spectrum with a UV-Vis
spectrophotometer

result

1Isolation eugenol

Result and
Discussion

Isolation eugenol with method liquid extraction . The

extraction done by adding NaOH. Reaction between
Eugenol with NaOH:

Reaction between Natrium eugenolat with HCl

:

Isolated eugenol from

clove oil obtained yield
is 80.9 %.

Sastrohamidjojo (2004) : 80%

Ngadiwiyana (2008) : 81,29%,

Test chemical properties

This reagent is used to detect eugenol is KMnO4.

Reaction when the addition of KMnO4 is :

Test physical properties

density curve oil is

1.106 gr/ml

Density of curve oil SNI dalam

EOA (1970) : 1.03-1.06 gr/ml

density eugenol is
1.109 gr/ml.

Density of eugenol Indisso

(2006) : 1.053-1.064 gr/ml

Identification with UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

Spectra result from UVVis Spectrophotometer :

227 nm with abs max.
4,099.

Perhitungan:
Base value 246 nm,
gugus OH (para) 25 nm
gugus -O- (orto) 11 nm
alkil (para)
10 nm
292 nm.

Standart Eugenol have

lamdha max. 285 nm.

Identification with FTIR Spectrophotometer

No
.

Bilangan Gelombang (cm1

)

Gugusfungsi

1.

3300

OH

2.

3100-3000

Csp2 H

3.

2900

Csp3 H

4.

2000-1800

Aromatiksubstituen 1,2,4-

5.

1600 dan 1475

C=C aromatik

6.

1200-1000

C-O-C

7.

1100

OH sekunder

8.

900 dan 800

OOP aromatiksubstituen
1,2,4-

Identification with H-NMR Spectrophotometer

Puncak
A
kanan)
B
C
D
E

(ppm)
(paling 3,2 ppm
3,9
4,9
5,7
6,6

ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm

Sifat puncak

Jumlah

Asal proton

Singlet

proton
2

CH2=

Singlet
Triplet
Triplet
Singlet

3
2
1
1

Benzena
-CH2CHO-CH2
OCH3

Identification with Massa Spectrophotometer

Fragmentation: