Radiation from Finite Length

Dipole(Half Wave Dipole) It is assumed

that current is
sinusoid ally
Distributed

dz
I=Im Sin β(H-z); Z>0
From the figure
Z=0 I=Im Sin β(H-z); Z>0
`I=Im Sin β(H+z); Z<0
Z Cosθ
I=Im Sin β(H+z); Z<0
• In terms of Retardation
[I]=Im Sin β(H-z) ; Z>0
=Im Sin β(H+z) ; Z<0
• We know that magnetic vector potential A is
 jR
given by Ar     J (r )
e
dv
Idl
vol
4R A e  j R
4R
 J (r )ds  I
s
L

• The differential element is at a distance from

centre and the length is dl=dz.
• The differential magnetic vector potential =
Idz  jR
dA  e az
4R
The total vector potential at a far point p due to
all such elements is

A  dA

 0 I m sin  ( H  z )e  jR
A 
4  H R
dz 

 H I m sin  ( H  z )e  jR

4 0 R
dz

R~= r R=r-zcosθ (Phase factor)

  0 I m sin  ( H  z )e  j ( r  z cos )

A  H dz 
4 R
 H I m sin  ( H  z )e  j ( r  z cos )

0 dz
4 R

I m e  jr 0 sin  ( H  z )e jz cos

A [ dz 
4r H

 jz cos )
H sin  ( H  z )e
0
dz ]
Half Wave Dipole 1  2
 
L  2h  H  
2 4 
4 2

sin  ( H ( / ) z )  sin  ( ( / ) z )  cos z
2

I m e  jr 0 cos ze jz cos

A [ dz 
4r H

H cos ze  jz cos )

0
dz ]
 I m e  jr H
A [  cos z (e jz cos  e  jz cos )]dz
4r 0

I m e  jr H
A [  cos z 2 cos( z cos  ) ]dz
4r 0

2 cos A cos B  cos(A  B)  cos(A  B)

 jr
I m e H
A [  cos z 2 cos( z cos  ) ]dz
4r 0

I me  jr
H cos{z (1  cos  )} 
A [ ]dz
4r 0 cos{z (1  cos  )}
  
• Replace H  and integrating
4 2
 j r
I m e sin{ z (1  cos  )
A [ 
4r  (1  cos  )
sin{ z (1  cos  )  / 2
]0
 (1  cos  )

    
 1  cos cos cos   1  cos (cos cos ) 
 Im  j r  2  2
 e  
4r  sin 
2

 
    
 cos cos 1  cos   1  cos 
 Im  jr
e   
2
Az  
4r  sin 
2

 
   
 cos cos 2 
 Im  jr  2  
Az  e 
4r  sin 2
 
 
  
 cos cos  
 Im  jr  2 
Az  e 
2r  sin 2
 
 
   
I m e  j r  cos 2 cos   
A   2  a
2r sin 
z
 
 

Apply the transformation matrix from rectangular to spherical coordinate systems

Ar  Az cos
A   Az Sin
A  o
 =0

1 d 
 
H    A    A .r 
d
Ar 
r  dr d 
1d 
  ( Az Sin .r  0
r  dr 

When the current is entirely in the Z direction and radiated field is

due to the I term, approximate II Second term=0
   jr cos   
 I m e cos
H   2  Sin
r  2r Sin 
2

 

 j r
 I m e   j cos  cos 
H  * 2
2r Sin

  
 2
cos cos  
j Im e  jr
then H    
2r  Sin 
 
 E
we knowthat 
H
E  120
jI m e  j 


cos 
2
cos  

2r  Sin 
 

E  60
jI m e


 j  cos 
2
cos 

2r  Sin 
 