Universiti Technologi Mara

Fuel and Energy Technology

Course Code – CHE 685

Professor Mohammad Asadullah

Faculty of Chemical Engineering

Universiti Technologi Mara

 Chapter 1

1.0 Introduction to History of Energy, Consumption and

Demand

1.1 Overview of the global energy demand and generation

1.2 Factors for energy demand
1.3 Energy supply and sources
1.4 Also issues on sustainability is introduced
 What is Energy?

- Definition? – originates from the Greek word “energeia”

meaning activity, working
- Known in 4th Century B.C. In 1021 A.D. AlKhazin discovered
the energy in “light’ recorded his observation in the “Book
of Optics”
- In 1121 A.D. AlKhazini relates energy to the gravity and
recorded in the “Book of Balance of Wisdom”
- In physics – is a scalar quantity that describes amount of
work performed by a force in a system subject to the law
of conservation of energy
- Types –
- Equations - ..,..,.., E=mc2
 What is Energy?
• Leibniz first introduced the concept of energy
as the product of mass of an object and its
velocity squared
• Einstein utilized the concept further in 1901
and became world famous.
• Transformation of energy from one type to
another that emerge from the law of
conservation of energy.
 What is Energy?

Other important terms/relations – power,

efficiency, quality, exergy

Exergy is the useful work that can be extracted

from a system which executes a loss free process
between its initial state and a dead state. The dead
state is the equilibrium state with the
surroundings.
 History of Energy in Mankind

• Prehistory – food → chemical energy :

- agriculture ; animals
- Water and wind power
- light and heat
- transport and construction
• Ancient civilisation
• Modern history – Industrialized nations
- fossil fuel-based society,
coal, oil..
- electricity
- agricultural activities
- transport; steam engines
- communications
 Global Energy Consumption

• Developed country vs developing countries

• Among developed countries; Energy
consumption depends on;
- climate,
- living space
- distance to travel
- larger automobiles
- contribution to GDP
 Global Energy Sources

• Petroleum, Oil
• Coal
• Natural Gas
• Nuclear- electric
• Hydroelectric
• Geothermal
• Renewable energy
Global Electricity Consumption

• Trend of electricity consumption

• Electricity generation and energy sources

 Global Energy Supply

• Coal reserves
• Petroleum reserves
• Natural gas reserves
• Climatic changes – global warming
- CO2 emissions
 Sustainability

• Meeting the needs of the present generation

without compromising the future generations
to meet their own needs

• Are the present energy technologies sustainable?

• To attain sustainability it must meet the

following criteria
 Criteria of Sustainability

• Contributes little to climate change

• Capable to provide power for many generations

without significant reductions in size of the
resource
• Does not leave a burden to the future generation
• Sustainable vs unsustainable energy technologies