WEEK III

Lesson I

  objectives of the lecture:

 Text analysis;
 Vocabulary practice;
 activities based on vocabulary;
 News
 Discussion
What is UNO ?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlmYtJiUK00
“NATO Expects Georgia to Uphold Democratic
Standards,” Stoltenberg Tells Georgian PM
The United Nations (UN)
to maintain international peace and security-საერთაშორისო მშვიდობისა
და უსაფრთხოების შენარჩუნება,
achieve international cooperation- საერთაშორისო თანამშრომლობის
მიღწევა
The UN is headquartered- გაეროს შტაბი მდებარეობს
drafting the UN Charter -გაეროს წესდების/ ქარტიის შემუშავება
Pursuant to the Charter,- ქარტიის შესაბამისად
delivering humanitarian aid, -ჰუმანიტარული დახმარების მიწოდება,
promoting sustainable development,-მდგრადი განვითარების ხელშეწყობა
upholding international law.- საერთაშორისო კანონის დაცვა
 At its founding-დაარსებისთანავე
the vast majority of the world's sovereign states-მსოფლიოს სუვერენული
სახელმწიფოების აბსოლუტური უმრავლესობა-
to preserve world peace - მშვიდობის შენარჩუნება მსოფლიო
მასშტაბით
respective allies-შესაბამისი მოკავშირე
trust territories - სამეურვეო ტერიტორია
Trusteeship Council -სამეურვეო საბჭო.
budget outstrips its spending on peacekeeping -ბიუჯეტი აჭარბებს
სამშვიდობო მისიის ხარჯებს
International Court of Justice; -საერთაშორისო სასამართლო
UN Secretariat. -გაეროს სამდივნო.
ineffective, biased, or corrupt.-არაეფექტური, მიკერძოებული ან
კორუმპირებული
upholding the principles of the UN - გაეროს პრინციპების დასაცავად
cease-fire during conflicts- ცეცხლის შეწყვეტა კონფლიქტის დროს
enforce penalties on countries-ქვეყნებს დააკისრო ჯარიმები
comply with mandates- დაიცვა განაწესი
to discourage combatants from resuming fighting -შეაჩერო მებრძოლები
რათა არ განახლონ ბრძოლა
adopt the Universal Declaration of Human Rights- მიიღო ადამიანის
უფლებათა საყოველთაო დეკლარაცია
to rank countries in terms of poverty, literacy, education, and life
expectancy- ქვეყნების რანგირება სიღარიბის, წიგნიერების,
განათლებისა და სიცოცხლის ხანგრძლივობის მიხედვით
.
The United Nations (UN)
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to
maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among
nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a center for harmonizing
the actions of nations. It is the largest, most familiar, most internationally
represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world.
The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City; other
main offices are in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague.
The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing
future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations.[ On 25 April 1945,
50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting
the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24
October 1945, when the UN began operations. Pursuant to the Charter, the
organization's objectives მიზნები include maintaining international peace
and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid,
promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law.[] At its
founding, the UN had 51 member states; this number grew to 193 in 2011,
representing the vast majority of the world's sovereign states.
 The organization's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early
decades by the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union and their
respective allies. Its missions have consisted primarily of unarmed military
observers and lightly armed troops with primarily monitoring, reporting and
confidence-building roles. UN membership grew significantly following
widespread decolonization beginning in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former
colonies have gained independence, including 11 trust territories that had been
monitored by the Trusteeship Council. By the 1970s, the UN's budget for
economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on
peacekeeping. After the end of the Cold War, the UN shifted and expanded its
field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks.
The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly; the Security Council;
the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); the Trusteeship Council; the
International Court of Justice; and the UN Secretariat. The UN System includes a
multitude of specialized agencies, such as the World Bank Group, the World
Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF. The
UN's chief administrative officer is the Secretary-General, currently Portuguese
politician and diplomat António Guterres, who began his five year-term on 1
January 2017. The organization is financed by voluntary contributions from its
member states.
The UN, its officers, and its agencies have won many
Nobel Peace Prizes, though other evaluations of its
effectiveness have been mixed. Some commentators
believe the organization to be an important force for
peace and human development, while others have
called it ineffective, biased, or corrupt.
Organization of the UN Today
To handle the complex task of getting its member states to cooperate most
efficiently, the UN today is divided into five branches. The first is the UN
General Assembly. This is the main decision-making and representative
assembly and is responsible for upholding the principles of the UN through its
policies and recommendations. It is composed of all member states, is headed by
a president elected from the member states, and meets from September to
December each year.
The UN Security Council is another branch and is the most powerful. It can
authorize the deployment of UN member states' militaries, can mandate a cease-
fire during conflicts and can enforce penalties on countries if they do not comply
with given mandates. It is composed of five permanent members and 10 rotating
members.

The next branch of the UN is the International Court of Justice, located in The
Hague, Netherlands. Next, the Economic and Social Council assists the General
Assembly in promoting economic and social development as well as the
cooperation of member states. Finally, the Secretariat is the branch headed by
the Secretary-General. Its main responsibility is providing studies, information,
and other data when needed by other UN branches for their meetings.
Membership
Today, almost every fully recognized independent state is a member of the UN. To
become a member of the UN, a state must accept both peace and all obligations outlined in
charter and be willing to carry out any action to satisfy those obligations. The final
decision on admission to the UN is carried out by the General Assembly after
recommendation by the Security Council.
Functions of the United Nations Today
As it was in the past, the main function of the UN today is to maintain peace and security
for all of its member states. Though the UN does not maintain its own military, it does
have peacekeeping forces that are supplied by its member states. On approval of the UN
Security Council, these peacekeepers are, for example, sent to regions where armed
conflict has recently ended to discourage combatants from resuming fighting. In 1988, the
peacekeeping force won a Nobel Peace Prize for its actions.
In addition to maintaining peace, the UN aims to protect human rights and provide
humanitarian assistance when needed. In 1948, the General Assembly adopted the 
Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a standard for its human rights operations. The
UN currently provides technical assistance in elections, helps to improve judicial
structures and draft constitutions trains human rights officials, and provides food, drinking
water, shelter, and other humanitarian services to peoples displaced by famine, war, and
natural disaster.
 Finally, the UN plays an integral part in social and economic
development through its UN Development Program. This is the largest
source of technical grant assistance in the world. In addition, the World
Health Organization; UNAIDS; The Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis, and Malaria; the UN Population Fund; and the World
Bank Group, to name a few, play an essential role in this aspect of the
UN. The parent organization also annually publishes the Human
Development Index to rank countries in terms of poverty, literacy,
education, and life expectancy.
 
 “NATO Expects Georgia to Uphold Democratic Standards,” says
Stoltenberg
1. Translate the following sentences

 Politics is the activity through which people make, preserve and

amend the general rules under which they live. As such, it is an
essentially social activity, linked, on the one hand, to the existence of
diversity and conflict, and on the other, to a willingness to cooperate
and act collectively.
 Politics has been understood differently by different thinkers and
within different traditions. Politics has been viewed as the art of
government or as ‘what concerns the state’, as the resolution of
conflict through debate and compromise, and as the production,
distribution and use of resources in the course of social existence.
 Concept, models and theories are the tools of political analysis,
providing building blocks of knowledge. However, they are only
analytical device.
Choose the correct word from the table to fill the space in each sentence.

electorate referendum propaganda campaign ad ballot boxes

opinion polls parliament polling stations to vote policies

majority

1.I would like …………..for your party but I disagree with your ………….on free trade.
2. The election was thrown into chaos when two of the …………were destroyed in fires and several
…………….went missing at the close of voting.
3. The opposition party won a large ……………in the new ………..and the government accepted defeat.
4. The government lost the election because it had lost the trust of the …………….after more than a
decade in power.
5. Despite being more than 5% behind in the most of the latest …………….., we are still optimistic of
winning the election next month.
6. The Prime Minister was heavily criticized last month for giving the go ahead to broadcast a
……………which personally attacked the leader of the opposition.
7. In the UK, any constitutional changes made by the government need to be approved in a …………….
8. …………………is usually used most frequently during a time of war as enemies use radio, TV and
newsprint to attack each other's actions and ideology.
ნატო-მ გააძლიერა თანამშრომლობა ღირებულ პარტნიორებთან , საქართველოსა
და უკრაინასთან, ვმსჯელობთ, კიდევ უფრო მეტად როგორ გავაძლიეროთ
პარტნიორობა, – ამის შესახებ ნატო-ს გენერალურმა მდივანმა, იენს
სტოლტენბერგმა პრესკონფერენციაზე განაცხადა.
„ნატო-მ გაზარდა საკუთარი წარმომადგენლობა შავი ზღვის რეგიონში და სამი
ქვეყანა – თურქეთი, რუმინეთი და ბულგარეთი ნატო-ს წევრები არიან და ორი –
უკრაინა და საქართველო ნატო-ს პარტნიორები არიან. ჩვენ გავზარდეთ ჩვენი
წარმომადგენლობა ხმელეთზე, ზღვასა და ჰაერში, თუმცა ასევე გავაძლიერეთ
თანამშრომლობა ახლო და ძალიან ღირებულ პარტნიორებთან, საქართველოსა და
უკრაინასთან. ჩვენ ამას განვაგრძობთ და ვმსჯელობთ, კიდევ უფრო მეტად როგორ
გავაძლიეროთ პარტნიორობა, როგორც პოლიტიკური, ისე პრაქტიკული
მხარდაჭერის მხრივ.
ასევე, მივესალმებით ფაქტს, რომ უკრაინაც და საქართველოც უზრუნველყოფენ
მხარდაჭერას ნატო-ს სხვადასხვა მისიებსა და ოპერაციებში. მთავარი გზავნილი,
რომელიც ასევე არის ნატო-ს 2030 სტრატეგიის ნაწილი, არის, კიდევ რისი გაკეთება
შეგვიძლია, კიდევ რითი გავაძლიერებთ პარტნიორობას მეზობლებთან, რადგან
ჩვენს ინტერესშია, ჩვენი მეზობლები იყვნენ სტაბილური და წარმატებული . ორივე
ქვეყანა – უკრაინაც და საქართველოც არიან ასპირანტი ქვეყნები ნატო-ს
წევრობისთვის. ჩვენ მხარს ვუჭერთ მათ მიერ რეფორმების განხორციელებას , რათა
მათ განაგრძონ სვლა ევროატლანტიკურ გზაზე.
რუსეთისთვის საუკეთესო, მკაფიო გზავნილი ჩვენგან არის ის , რომ ჩვენი
კოლექტიური თავდაცვა ცივი ომის შემდეგ ყველაზე მეტად გაძლიერდა ალიანსის
აღმოსავლეთ ფლანგზე ახალი ბატალიონების განთავსებით, საქართველოსა და
უკრაინის მსგავს პარტნიორებთან თანამშრომლობის გაძლიერებით“, – განაცხადა
იენს სტოლტენბერგმა.
1. Thanks for attention