Power System Operation and Control

Power System Operations

Planning
Lecture 3

By
Burhan Khan
 Introduction
• Objectives of Operations Planning
1. Economic Operation(to minimize total cost)
2. Secure and reliable Operation(Operating constraints of all equipment + Supply all Load)

• Resource Scheduling: to determine optimal utilization of resources over a relatively long period of
time

• Spinning Reserve is the on-line reserve capacity that is synchronized to the grid system and ready
to meet electric demand within 10 minutes of a dispatch instruction by the ISO.
• Spinning Reserve is needed to maintain system frequency stability during emergency operating
conditions and unforeseen load swings.

• Non-Spinning Reserve is off-line generation capacity that can be ramped to capacity and
synchronized to the grid within 10 minutes of a dispatch instruction by the ISO, and that is capable
of maintaining that output for at least two hours.
• Non-Spinning Reserve is needed to maintain system frequency stability during emergency
conditions.
 •Electric Load Forecast W/W basis
•Generating Units available
•Available fuel
•Allocated Hydro energy usage

• Short-term Electric Load Forecast H/H basis

• Online units
•Units on spinning reserve
•Hydro energy usage
•Plant mode of operation
•Interchange Schedule

• To determine economic base points m/m basis

for generating units connected as a
result of unit commitment
•Linearized model
Economic Problem Dispatch Problem

“Given a set of generating units committed for

production (Unit Commitment) and the system
electric load, compute the generation schedule
which will minimize the overall operating cost and
will meet the electric load, losses and export power
(Interchange schedule). ”
 Economic Problem Dispatch Problem (Contd.)

• Operating Cost equals the sum of Operating costs of all Units:

n
C   f i ( Pgi )
i 1
where Pgi = real power output of unit i
fi ( Pgi ) = production cost of unit i in $ / hr when operated at power Pgi
n = number of units committed for production

• Constraint of Real Power Balance

n

P
i 1
gi  Pload  Plosses  Pexp ort  0

Pload  total Electric load demand

Plosses  total transmission losses
Pexp ort  total export real power

• Other Constraints (line overloading, limitation on unit output)

Optimization Problem