Bridge Resource

Management
Maintain a Safe Navigational Watch
Lack of Bridge Management

O R
R R
N E
M A
H U
 Principles of Good Management practices

Sense of team ownership Delegation of responsibilities

in achieving goals

Shared view of goals Effective organization

Why is it important?
Bridge Resource Management
reduces the risk of marine
casualties by helping a ship’s
bridge crew anticipate and
correctly respond to their
ship’s changing.
What is Bridge Resource Management?

It is also called Bridge Team Management (BTM).

…, is the effective management and

utilization of all resources, human and
technical, available to the Bridge Team
to ensure the safe completion of the
vessel’s voyage,…
 Characteristics of Good
Communication
Clear
is the mindset of stating our needs and
preferences clearly and to listen to others
with the intention of understanding them
fully
Concise
expressing or covering much in few words;
brief in form but comprehensive in scope;
succinct; terse: a concise explanation of
the company's retirement plan.

Acknowledge
Verifying if the message has been delivered
to the listener proper and correct
 Resources
Allocation
The assignment of resources is one of
the program's most important features, and
can be carried out in two different ways:
Specific assignment.
Assignment
The assignment of resources is one of
the program's most important features, and
can be carried out in two different ways:
Specific assignment.

Prioritization
As a principle, it means doing 'first things
first;' as a process, it means evaluating a
group of items and ranking them in their
order of importance or urgency.
 Effectiveness of Information
Exchange
Communication Procedures:
• The Master should advise the pilot, upon boarding, which members of the bridge
team speak English, and discuss how communications between the pilot and the
bridge team will be handled.
• The Master should discuss the voyage plan with the pilot, and inform bridge team
members of the pilot’s intentions and special concerns.
• The Master or OOW should immediately advise the pilot when, at any point in the
transit:
• The maneuverability of the vessel has been adversely affected;
• When he or she has information necessary for the safety of the ship’s transit; or
• When he or she is uncertain of the pilot’s intentions regarding the ship’s
movements.
Situational Leadership
Assertiveness
& Leadership

…,Assertiveness is the quality of

being self-assured and confident
without being aggressive. In the field
of psychology and psychotherapy, it
is a learnable skill and mode of
communication,…
Assertiveness
& Leadership

Leadership has been described as

"a process of social influence in
which a person can enlist the aid and
support of others in the
accomplishment of a common task".
Assertiveness
& Leadership

…,Individual differences in assertiveness play a

critical role in perceptions of leaders,…
 Challenge & Response

Challenge
an objection or query as to the truth of
something, often with an implicit
demand for proof.

Response
a reaction to something or situation in the
challenge; valid answer of the challenge
 Situational Awareness

…,Situation awareness is the perception of environmental

elements with respect to time or space, the comprehension of
their meaning, and the projection of their status after some
variable has changed, such as time, or some other variable,
such as a predetermined event,…
 SLAM Technique

S TOP Engage your mind before your hands. Look at the

task in hand.

L
OOK at your workplace and find the hazards to you and your
team mates. Report these immediately to your supervisor.

ASSESS the effects that the hazards have on you, the people you work
with, equipment, procedures, pressures and the environment.
ANAGE If you feel unsafe stop working. Tell your supervisor and

M workmates. Tell your supervisor what actions you think are

necessary to make the situation safe.
 Where and when should situational
awareness techniques be used?
Assessment of your working environment should occur continually, but
especially in the following situations:

• When beginning work on a new project/contract.

• When you think the work environment has changed since a risk
assessment or method statement was written.
• When working with new or different workmates.
• Before complacency has set in – it can be a silent killer
Blind Pilotage
Techniques
Restricted Waters in Low Visibility
 Navigation and Pilotage
Primary method: Visual

Other methods: ‘NAVAIDS’

Secondary method: Radar
Fundamental Navigational Radar

• Stabilized in azimuth
• Bearing accuracy
• Range accuracy
• Range scales
Fundamental Navigational Radar

• Electronic Blind Pilotage System

• Anti-clutter controls
• Range scales
 Voyage Planning

TRACK
Chosen by Master,
based on visual plan

SAFE WATER
Limiting Danger
Blind and Visual

…,It is plausible that

assessment against this unit
standard will be based on
professional judgement of
peers, supplemented by
theoretical testing and
questioning,…
Elements &
Performance
Criteria
 Pilot vessels within designated pilotage areas

…,Berthing and anchoring

manoeuvres retain the integrity of the
vessel’s and port’s structures,…

…,Control of the piloted vessel is

conducted in a manner which maintains
the relationship between the pilot, the
vessel’s master and the crew, whilst
preserving the safety of all traffic and the
environment,…
 Coordinate resources to assist pilotage

…,Resources required to assist in safe and

efficient pilotage are utilized and coordinated
to effect manoeuvres and securing the
vessel,…

Tug manoeuvres and assistance are

controlled to effect safe and effective
assistance to the vessel
Parallel Indexing
The key to blind pilotage is the principle of
the parallel index. The running of a parallel
index line provides real - time information on
the ships lateral position relative to the
planned track.

The course is steered to keep the radar

target on the line The use of parallel
indexing need not be confined to restricted
visibility, but may be used in clear visibility
as well.
Responsibilities
In normal circumstances, the Navigating
Officer is the pilot of the ship although, if he
 is not a navigation sub - specialist, the duty
of pilotage devolves on the Captain, who
may either perform it himself or, at his
discretion, depute any officer of the ships
complement to do so. No matter what the
blind pilotage organization may be, the sub -
specialist Navigating Officer (NO) is always
the pilot of the ship, and thus he should also
be the Blind Pilotage Officer (BPO).
Responsibilities
Parallel Index techniques provide the means of
continuously monitoring a vessel’s position in
relation to a pre-determined passage plan, and
would in some cases have helped to avoid these
groundings. Parallel indexing should be practiced in
clear weather during straightforward passages, so
that watch-keepers remain thoroughly familiar with
the technique and confident in its use in more
demanding situations (in confined waters, restricted
visibility or at night).
The End,…
Thank You