Covalent and Ionic

Bonding
University Foundation Programme

David Game College

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 Atoms
• Chemical Bonding can be either:
- Ionic Bonds
- Covalent Bonds
- Metallic Bonds
Nucleus
- Protons
• These bonds all involve the - Neutrons
ELECTRONS ONLY NOT THE
NUCLEUS

Electrons

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 METALS
Ions NON METALS

• Ions are charged particles:

• Positive (Metals)
• Negative (Non-metals)

• Metals lose electrons

• Non Metals gain electrons

• Electrostatic force between metal and

non metal: this is a IONIC BOND

IONIC
META NON METAL COMPOUND
L
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 Ions
• Ions are charged particles:
• Positive (Metals)
• Negative (Non-metals)

• Metals lose electrons

• Non Metals gain electrons

• Electrostatic force between metal and

non metal: this is a IONIC BOND
Na  Na+ + e-
Donated electron

Cl + e-  Cl- 4
 Ions
• Elements can donate or receive more
than 1 electron and to more than 1
other element too

• This means that the bond will be

more stronger between Mg and O
than between Na and Cl

Mg  Mg2+ + 2e-
Donated electrons

O + 2e-  O2- 5
What does an ionic compound look like ?

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 Properties of Ions
• Only conduct electricity if they are
molten or if they are dissolved – not
when solid

• High melting and boiling point

temperatures (strong bonds)

• Usually they dissolve easily in water

because water is polar

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Ions Questions

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Ions Questions

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Ions Questions

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Ions Questions

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Ions Questions

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Ions Questions

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Ions Questions

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Ions Questions

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 NON METALS
Covalent Bonds
• When two or more non metals bond

• Can be double, single or triple bonds

• Elements share electrons rather

than transferring them

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 NON METALS
Covalent Bonds

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 NON METALS
Covalent Bonds

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 Properties of Covalent Bonds
• Usually simple molecules – most are
gases or liquids

• Stronger bonds than ionic bonds

• Intermolecular bonds between

molecules are not strong

• Don’t conduct electricity

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Covalent Bonds Questions

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Covalent Bonds Questions

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Covalent Bonds Questions

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