THE TRANSFORMER

Name: _______________________ ( ) Class:

 Transformer
 Transformer is a
device that changes
a high alternating
voltage at low
current to a low
alternating voltage
at high current or
vice-versa.
 Working Principle of
Transformer
 Transformer
transfers electrical
energy supplied
from the primary
coil to the
secondary coil by
electromagnetic
induction between
the two coils.
 Structure of Transformer
 Parts of the
transformer:
1. Primary coil
2. Secondary coil
3. Laminated soft iron
core
4. The primary and
secondary coils are
wound round the
laminated soft iron
core.
 Functions
1. Soft Iron
Core:
 to link the
magnetic
fields
produced by
the primary
coil to the
secondary
coil.
 Functions

2. Laminated Iron Core:

 to reduce the eddy
current induced in the
iron core.
 The current created in
the iron coil is known
as eddy current.
 Represent a wastage.
 Functions

3. Alternating Current:
 We can connect an Alternating
Current supply to the primary coil.
 The a.c. will create a continually
changing magnetic field which
will induce a current in the
secondary coil.
 Transformer
 For an ideal transformer, (no energy
loss), the input power is equal to
the output power.
 This is by Principle of Energy
Conservation.
 Input Power = Output Power
 IpVp = IsVs since Power = IV
 where I is current and V is voltage
 Transformer
Vs Ns

Vp Np
 Vs is secondary output voltage (induced
e.m.f.)
 Vp is primary input voltage
 Ns is the number of turns in the secondary
coil
 Np is the number of turns in the primary coil
 Example
 An ideal transformer is operating from a
12V supply. It has 400 turns on the
primary coil and 2400 turns on the
secondary coil.
 Calculate the output voltage of the
transformer.
 Explain which feature of the transformer
makes it possible to achieve almost
100% efficiency.
 Example
 A device operates at 6V and has a power
rating of 4W. It is connected to a 240V
A.C. supply, using a suitable transformer.
 (a) If the primary coil has 4000 turns, how
many turns are there on the secondary
coil?
 (b) Calculate the current flowing in the
primary coil.
 (c) State any assumption you made.
 Types of Transformer
 2 types:
 Step-Up Transformer
 (To increase the Voltage in the
secondary coil)
 Step-Down Transformer
 (To reduce the Voltage in the
secondary coil)
 Step-Up Transformer
 Step-Up
 Secondary voltage Vs is bigger than
the Primary voltage Vp.
 Number of turns in the secondary
coil Ns is more than the number of
turns in the primary coil
Step-Up Transformer
 Step-Down Transformer
 Step-Down
 Secondary voltage Vs is smaller
than the Primary voltage Vp.
 Number of turns in the secondary
coil Ns is lesser than the number of
turns in the primary coil
Step-Down Transformer
 Example
 A certain transformer has 4000 turns on the
primary and 200 turns on the secondary . The
transformer was used to operate a device
which drew a current of 0.5A. If the supply
voltage to the transformer was 240V,
calculate:
(i) the output voltage,
(ii) the current flowing in the primary.
State the assumptions made in your
calculation.
 Example
 Part (I) Output Voltage:
 Np/ Ns = Vp / Vs
 Vs = (240 x 200) / 4000
= 12 V
 Example
 Part (II) The current flowing in the
primary:
 Assume efficiency = 100 % (Ideal
Transformer)
 VpIp = VsIs
 Ip = (12 x 0.5) / 240
= 0.025 A