THE FORMATION OF

MAGMA
 What is Magma?
• Is a mixture of molten or semi molten rock,
volatiles and solid.
• It is found beneath the surface of the Earth
and expected to exist in other terrestrial planets.

•Besides molten rocks, magma may also contain

suspended crystals, dissolve gas and sometimes
gas bubbles.

• It often collects in magma chambers that may

feed a volcano or turn into a pluton.
 THE 3 PROCESSES OF MAGMA FORMATION

DECOMPRESSION MELTING FLUX MELTING HEAT-INDUCED MELTING

> the upward movement of the > Occurs when water and carbon > It occurs at the mantle plums or
Earth's mantle to an area of dioxide are added to rock. hotspot.
lower pressure.
TYPES OF MAGMA

BASALTIC ANDESITIC MAGMA RHYOLITIC

MAGMA >Formed when MAGMA
> It is formed in the oceanic crust is > Formed when
upper mantle with subducted into molten rock mixes
low silica, and gas mantle, it has medium with silica and water
content,low silica and gas content, rich continental
viscosity. with intermediate crust, high viscosity
viscosity. larged volume of
trapped gasses.
BASALTIC
MAGMA
ANDESITIC
MAGMA
RHYOLITIC
MAGMA
Origin

- Magma moving upward, or sideways, within the Earth, will take in rock along
the edges of magma chambers, even in huge pieces, and
the aped material will be melted into the magma, changing its
composition somewhat.

- If an intermediate composition magma moves upward into

continental crust, which is a hodgepodge of all types of rocks,
assimilation of country rock will result in a diluting of iron and
magnesium content (the aped material doesn't have as much iron
and magnesium, usually). So, the magma may become felsic in
composition after the assimilation.
Cooling of magmas

- There are two known processes by which magma ceases

to exist: by volcanic eruption, or by crystallization within
the crust or mantle to form a pluton.

- In both cases the bulk of the magma eventually cools and

forms igneous rocks.

- When magma cools it begins to form solid mineral

phases.
Important things to Remember

- Magma form during partial melting either in mantle or

in the lower part of the crust on the way toward the
surface.

- Magma is commonly assembled is large pools of

molten rocks , which are called Magma chambers .
Magma may subsequently rise to the surface during
volcanic eruptions resulting in formation of extrusive
rocks.
THANK YOU

ZAYRA MAE PEDRO

STEM 11-GALILEO