Course name- Physics-ll

Course code - PHY102

Group - C
Submitted to- Sakia Shabnam Kader Madam

Postulate of a transformer
in transference
“IT WORKS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL INDUCTION”
1st presenter- Nishat Tasnim
ID - 172-33-3980
 What is transformer?
 An apparatus
 For reducing or increasing the voltage
 Alternating current
 An electrical device
 Transfers electrical energy
 Between circuit
 Electromagnetic induction

Parts of transformer?
 Two coils of wire
 Primary winding secondary winding
 Core material
 Enclosure-protects internal components
 History of transformer
 Ottó Bláthy
 Miksa Déri
 Károly Zipernowsky
 Developed iron core transformer
 ZBD model
 Manufacturing company Ganz-1878

Miksa Déri
(1854-1938)

Ottó Bláthy
(1860-1939)

Károly Zipernowsky (1853-1942)

2nd presenter- Shoheli Afrose
ID- 172-33-3975
 The basic principle of a transformer

A transformer consists of two electrically isolated coils and operates on

Faraday's principal of “mutual induction”, in which an EMF is induced in
the transformers secondary coil by the magnetic flux generated by the
voltages and currents flowing in the primary coil winding.
According to these Faraday’s law,
"Rate of change of flux linkage with respect
to time is directly proportional to the
induced EMF in a conductor or coil".

Michael Farady
(1791-1867)
 EMF is a sinusoidal voltage is applied to the primary winding of a transformer,
alternating flux ϕm sets up in the iron core of the transformer.
 This sinusoidal flux links with both primary and secondary winding. The function
of flux is a sine function.
 Types of transformer

Step-up transformer
Step-down transformer
 Increases voltage from secondary to primary
 Less turns on the secondary coil
 Reduces voltage
 High voltage-low voltage
 Low current-high current
 Increases voltage from primary to secondary
 Uses at power station
 Produces very high voltages
 Too dangerous to use at home
3rd presenter- Tilottama Datta Twinkle
ID- 172-33-4196
Working principle of step-up transformer
 Where step-up transformer is used?

 The small step-up transformers can be used in electronic and electrical

devices where the voltage boosting is required.

 But nowadays in the modern electronic device, power electronic circuits

are more frequently used because of weight and dimension.
4 presenter- Arifur Rahman
th

ID- 172-33-4126
Working principle of step-down transformer
 Where step-down transformers are used?

 All the street transformers which we see near our homes are step down transformers.

 They take a 11kV alternating voltage at the primary and convert it to 230V for
distributing it to our homes.

 Before the wide usage of switching power supplies, almost all low voltage wall
adapters use step down transformers.
5
th
presenter- Syeda Rehnoma Tanzom
ID- 172-33-3984
Why do we need step-up transformer for long distance transmission?

 Produces high voltage to transmit electricity

 High voltages improve efficiency
High voltage
 Reduces heat loss in power lines Transmission
Lines to
 Too dangerous for residence substation
 Practical
 Economical
 Safe Transmission
tower
 Power system network
Utility power plant Step-up
transformer
 Transmission lines carry
electricity long distances

Power plant generates

electricity
Distribution lines carry
electricity to houses

Transformer steps up for Neighborhood transformer

voltage transmission steps down voltage
6 presenter- Ismat Jahan Nabila
th

ID- 172-33-3993
 Transformer and present world

Overcoming The HDVC

the converter
challenge
transformer

ABB (ASEA Brown Boveri) innovation increases power

transmission capacity by 50% uses at power station
Continuous
innovation Ludvika, Sweden
The bushing is the long component

8,000 MW at 800 kV DC over 2,000 km for the Xian

Shanghai UHVDC link, in China.
operated since 2010.
 AUDIO
NO Voltage FREQUENCY

BROADCASTS
NO POWER POWER
Significance
of transformer PROMTS SAFETY
NO TO ELECTRIC
ELECTRICITY DEVICES

NETWORK SURGE
FACILITY PROTECTOR
References
http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/39710cf63c1f6348c125812a0047237c.aspx

http://www.ee.co.za/article/latest-developments-power-transformer-technology.html#.Wf3SGx9xXqA

http://www.electronicshub.org/step-down-transformer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9ugMmrCTg0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vh_aCAHThTQ&t=32s
Any

Question?
“If you can read a
book
thank a teacher.

If you can
read a
book at
night
thank an
Electrician.”