Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pemikiran
I II
sensasi instusi
IV III
Perasaan
• Setiap perspektif telah memberikan
pelbagai jawapan kepada persoalan asas
berikut:-
How do we describe the change
process?
How much control do we have over the
change process?
How do we measure change processes?
How are objective and subjective views
of change related?
What is the source of real knowledge
about change?
Whose interests does the change serve?
What other interests are affected?
What are the activities related to O.C?
Model Pengurusan Perubahan
In What context is change taking place?
CONTEXT
FS CS
PERSPECTIVE ON CHANGE
ART
CONSULTATION Which
methodologies are
TECHNOLOGY most effective?
COORDINATION
RESULTS
FS = Facilitating System
CS = Client System How are people,technology Which results are
ART= Action Research and resources coordinated? most omportant?
Teaming
Pendekatan Perubahan Organisasi
I II
Rational / System
Behavioral
Reason
of Feelings
Discussion
Use of
Critical Cultural
IV Humanism Interpretive III
Analysis of
why we are Subjective
persuaded
Emancipation Field of Coordination
I. Rational/Behavioral
• Perubahan adalah “causal” dan difahami
serta dikawal secara rasional melalui
objektif data, analisis perhubungan
antara pembolehubah
• Menyatupadu pengalaman dan
penyelesaian masalah
• Perubahan sebagai realti luaran boleh
diukur
• Fungsi perubahan boleh diramal,
dikawal, dan dimurnikan
keberkesanannya dengan adanya limitasi
• Perubahan berlaku menerusi manipulasi
pembolehubah dan prasyarat
• Tertumpu kepada perubahan perlakuan
atau amalan dan mengukuhkan
perubahan ini berulangkali
II. Systems
I II
Reason
Change
of Feelings
Discussion
Use of
Facilitator A Change
Facilitator
IV III B
Analysis of
why we are Subjective
persuaded
Emancipation Field of Coordination
• Teknologi (What methodologies are most
effective in bringing about change?)
Architecture
Organizational mapping
Model
Struktur
Proses
Perancangan
• Koordinasi (How are people, technology,
and resources coordinated?)
Interrelated groups
Pembelajaran hierarki
Komunikasi
Gelung maklumbalas
Alliances
Pemindahan kecekapan
• Keputusan (What change results are most
important?)
Hubungan
Kejelekitan
Alignment
Penggunaan sumber
Penemuan
transformasi
III. Cultural / Interpretive
• Konteks : (In what context is this change taking
place?)
Budaya
Komuniti / masyarakat
Episod
Kumpulan
Sejarah
Negara
“Created reality”
• Teknologi (What methodologies are most
effective in bringing about change?)
Metapor dan simbol
Naratif
Dialog / negotiation
Facilitation
Inkuiri kolaberatif
Futuring
• Koordinasi (How are people, technology,
and resources coordinated?)
Interaksi
Peraturan
Peranan
Nilai asas
Persetujuan
Kefahaman bersama
• Keputusan (What change results are most
important?)
Consensus
Koordinasi
Tanggungjawaban
Komitmen
Kerjasama
Invensi
inovasi
IV. Critical Humanism
• Konteks : (In what context is this change
taking place?)
Sejarah
Budaya
Politik
Ekonomi
Sosial
• Teknologi (What methodologies are most
effective in bringing about change?)
Rethorik
Kumpulan berminat
Lingusitik
Pendebatan
Pemikiran dialectic
• Koordinasi (How are people, technology,
and resources coordinated?)
Pemujukan
Kuasa
Struktur
Idealogi
• Keputusan (What change results are most
important?)
Kesedaran
Emancipation
Tindakan
Self determination
Autonomi
Tanggungjawab sosial
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