LEAD

ACID
BATTERY
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson students will be able to:
• Explain what is Lead Acid Batteries and its
categories.
• Distinguish Lead Acid Batteries from other
battery cells and
• Understand its applications and uses.
Invented by the French
physician Gaston Plante in
1859.
Lead acid batteries are the
most common large-
capacity rechargeable
batteries.
Composition :
Lead acid batteries are built with a
number of individual cells containing
layers of lead alloy plates immersed in
an electrolyte solution, typically made
of 35% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 65%
water.
Two Main Categories:

• Flooded (wet) Cells

• Sealed Lead Acid battery
-AGM Sealed Lead Acid Battery
-Gel Sealed Lead Acid Battery
Uses of
Lead Acid Battery
Automotive Use
• In automotive uses, it is usually called automotive
“lead-acid” starter batteries

• Simply defined as a storage device for electrical

energy

• Batteries used in cars are lead-acid batteries. They

produce voltage by having plates of metal (made of
lead-based alloys) immersed in an electrolyte
solution (a mix of 65% water and 35% sulphuric
acid) in six cells.
Off-Grid Solar System Use
• Lead-Acid batteries
act as a crucial
storage component
in a off-grid solar
system.

Suitable for
prolonged power
consumption
ADDITIONAL FACTS
• Discharge – is the fraction or percentage
of the capacity which has been removed
from the fully charged battery.

• Charge – is the fraction or percentage of

the capacity which has been added from
the empty charged battery
APPLICATIONS OF LEAD-ACID
BATTERIES

Lead acid batteries are cheap, convenient and

they work for many battery power applications.
They are probably best known for their use in
vehicles where they supply the power for
everything from starting, to the electronics and
much more. The lead acid battery has many
advantages for automotive and many other uses.
It has a large current and surge capability, which
is ideal when being used to start internal
combustion engines.
Other examples that uses
lead-acid batteries:
• Applications Automotive and traction
applications.
• Standby/Back-up/Emergency power for
electrical installations.
• Submarines
• UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supplies)
• Sealed battery types available for use in
portable equipment.
During the battery recharge
cycle leads sulfate
(sulfation) begins to
reconvert to lead and
sulfuric acid. During the
recharging process as
electricity flows through the
water portion of the
electrolyte and water.
(H2O) is converter into
original elements ,
hydrogen and oxygen
When the Battery is being
discharged, the sulfuric
acid in the electrolyte is
being depleted so that the
electrolyte more closely
resembles water. The
sulfate ions are negatively
charged, and the hydrogen
ions have a positive
charge.
References:
• https://haynes.com/en-us/tips-tutorials/what-lead-acid-battery-your-car
• https://www.off-grid-europe.com/info/lead-acid-battery/?
gclid=Cj0KCQjwqs3rBRCdARIsADe1pfTRRvDbd95Rm4ST4Tdoc2R3ZHUfDag-2Z94
0dYxwDHdXRhIvVKzjGcaApbiEALw_wcB
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/depth-of-discharge
• https://www.off-grid-europe.com/info/lead-acid-battery/?
gclid=Cj0KCQjwqs3rBRCdARIsADe1pfTRRvDbd95Rm4ST4Tdoc2R3ZHUfDag-
2Z940dYxwDHdXRhIvVKzjGcaApbiEALw_wcB
• https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/lead_based_batteries
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/depth-of-discharge