LDR DARKNESS SENSOR CIRCUIT

ABSTRACT
LDR stands for light dependent resistor, as name suggest it is a type of resistor

whose resistance is depends on the amount of light falling on it.LDR is made

up of high resistance semiconductor. When light photons fall on LDR this

photons are absorbed by the semiconductor this gives enough energy to the

bound electron to jump to the conductive band. As a result free electron as

available in LDR this makes it more conductive and drop in resistance of

LDR. In dark its resistance is high as several mega ohm, and in light its down

to few ohms. This change in resistance of LDR will detect by a circuit and it

will turn on LED

BLOCK DIAGRAM
 EXPLANATION
•9V battery

•LDR sensor

•100K, 1K Ohm resistor

•BC547 Transistor

•So when sufficient light falling on LDR the resistance of LDR in very low, as

a result all current is flowing from resistor R2 AND LDR so LED D1 is not

glowing

•When there is dark and no light is falling on LDR, so the LDR resistance

became very high so current will flow to the base of transistor Q1 BC547, so

transistor became turn on, and LED D1 glow

 INPUT &OUTPUT
• LED OFF IN A DAY
• LED ON IN NIGHT
 ADVANTAGES
• By using automatic system for street light controlling reduce energy
consumption.
• Manually used street light are not switched off
• Proper even the sunlight comes and not switched on earlier
before sunset
• High sensitivity (due to the large area it can cover).
•Easy employment.
•Low cost.
•There is no union potential.
•High light-dark resistance ratio.
 conclusion
• This project has scope for improvement and many
enhancements can be done to make it more reliable and
interesting. For example, when a vehicle or a person meet with
an accident street light remains on , a system can be
introduced to inform the respective authorities. Similarly, a
system can be introduced to inform the technicians about the
default. All this will be possible, however, only through
innovation, hard work and above all proper use of technology.
THANK YOU