sr.

DG
 Relation between momentum and force
considered an object of mass ‘m’ moving with an initial velocity ’u’ a force act
on the object and iris second it velocity changes to ‘v’ .
Initial momentum- pi=m.u , final momentum – pf= m.v
change in moment- pi-pf=m.v – m.u
=m(v-u)
Rate of change of momentum – pf-pi/t
=m(v-u)/t

Pf-pi/t= m(v-u)/t=m.a.=F
Newton’s third law of motion
 It state that for every action there is an equal
and opposite reactions.
 If an object ‘a’ exerts a force on object

‘b’[Fab] than object ‘b’ exerts a force of an

equal magnitude onobject a in opposite
direction [Fba].
 Fab =-Fba {actions = reactions}
 The action and reaction are the two force

acting on two different object so they don’t

cancel each other.
Before collision
 The effects produce by this forces are
different if the object has different masses.
 1- conservation of momentum using

newton’s 3 law-

1 2
m1u1 m2u2
during collision
1 2 t

After the collision

v1
1
v2
2
NEWTON’S 3RD LAW
 Consider object 1 of mass m , moves with initial
velocity u, collides with object 2 of mass m2
moving with initial velocity.
 They collide for a time of t seconds n after the

collision they separate.

 Let v1 n v2 be the final velocities of object 1 and

2 respectively. here object 1 exerts a force of F12

on object 2 by newton’s third law . Object 2
exerts a force F21 an object 1
 according to newton’s 3rd law.
 F12 =-F21
 M2(V2-U2)/T =- M1(V1-U1)/T
 M2(V2-U2)=-M1(V1-U1)
 M2V2-M2U2=-M1V1+M1U1
 M2V2+M1V1=M2U2+M1U1

M1V2+M1U1=M1V1+M2V2

Notes : if object travels in opposite direction before or after

collision then motion towards right will have a positive velocityand
towards left will have –ive velocity.
Special case

 If 2 object stick together after collision then

they will travel with a common velocity
v1=v2=v
 M1u1+m2v2 =(m1+m2)v
Impulse

 Change in momentum of an object is know as

impulse .
 Impulse = mv-mu
 Si unit of impulse is kgm/s
 F=ma
 F= m(u-v)/t
 Ft=m(v-u)=impulse
Example
 Calculate the momentum of a car of mass
6000kgmoving at 25m/s?
 M=6000kg
 u=25m/s
 Pi=m.u.
 = 6000x25
 =150000 kgm/s.
ex
 A force of 20N act on a rocket for 350s. Causing
the rocket’s velocity to increase.
 (a) calculate the impulse of the force.
 (b) by how much does rocket momentum increase.
 Sol. – rocket F=20N
 T=350s
Ns = Kg m/s-2 xs
 Impulse=F.t , =350x20 Ns= Kgm/s
 7000Ns
 (b) change of momentum= impulse
 =7000Ns