Class Virtual

Orientation
RESEARCH IV
LEARNING FROM EXISTING
LITERATURE

MARIBEL L. NAYAD
maribe.nayad@deped.gov.ph
 Intended Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify reliable and credible sources of information;
2. Exhibit critical reading of literature, organize ideas through
an outline and utilize strategies to avoid plagiarism; and
3. Write the review of related literature and studies chapter of
your research paper.
 REVIEW OF
RELATED
LITERATURE
 Review of Related Literature
The review of related literature
contains studies from journals, books,
published/ unpublished research,
magazines, newspapers, and
documents that support the present
study.
 Review of Related Studies
It may be local or foreign.

Related Studies are those studies

that can support and supplement the
current research scientifically.
 PRACTICING INTELLECTUAL HONESTY
What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism involves passing off
another’s work, words, and/or
ideas as your own, whether
intentionally or accidentally
(Babbie, 2005).
 PRACTICING INTELLECTUAL HONESTY
Some examples of plagiarism include the
following:
1. Not using quotation marks in citing another
author’s exact words
2. Editing or paraphrasing a sentence and
presenting it as your own
3. Claiming an idea as your own when it is
another author’s
4. Taking credit for other’s work
 How to Organize the Review of Related Literature
1.Categorize the topic that will lead you to
your research.
2.Group studies that have similar aspects to
your research.
3.Arrange the studies chronologically, starting
with the most recent.
4.If possible, include local research to avoid
its unintentional duplication.
Some Helpful Tips in Writing the Review of Related Literature
1.Document accepted facts, concepts, and processes on
which the research is based.
2.References should be cited correctly.
3.Describe the similarities and differences between your
research and those of others.
4.Include all important information from the literature and
make sure to acknowledge the author in the
bibliography. Avoid copying everything from the articles
or related literature used.
 Format or Style of Citing Related Studies
1. Single Author
Biopren (2006) focuses also on the mosquito larvicides to control
the growth of larvae in permanent and semi-permanent aquatic
environments. It contains SMethropene Insect Growth Regulator
(IGR) in combination with non-toxic superabsorbent polymers.
or
The study focuses on using mosquito larvicides to control the
growth of larvae in permanent and semi-permanent aquatic
environments. It contains SMethropene Insect Growth Regulator
(IGR) in combination with non-toxic superabsorbent polymers
(Biopren, 2006).
 Format or Style of Citing Related Studies
2. Two Authors
Javier and Brown (2002) conducted a study that focuses on
using the Lantana Camara plant as a bio-fertilizer and bio-
pesticide. The result of the study showed that Lantana is in 11th
place in terms of its efficacy in killing pests.
or
Lantana Camara plant can be used as a bio-fertilizer and bio-
pesticide. The result of the study showed that Lantana is in 11th
place in terms of its efficacy in killing pests (Javier and Brown,
2002).
 Format or Style of Citing Related Studies
3. Multiple Authors
Ahmed et.al. (2005) conducted a study on the allelopathic effects
of Lantana camara on germination and growth behavior of some
crops in Bangladesh is related to the study for using the same
raw material, the Lantana plant.
or
The study on the allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on
germination and growth behavior of some crops in Bangladesh is
related to the study for using the same raw material, the Lantana
plant (Ahmed et.al., 2005).
Note: The abbreviation et al. is short for the Latin phrase et alia, meaning "and others."
 DOCUMENTATION STYLE

Documentation refers to the

acknowledgments. These sources are
cited as direct quotations or indirect
quotations. Citation is acknowledging
the source of a text, idea, or work
using a widely recognized guideline.
 CITATION STYLES
The American Psychological Association
(APA) is a popular style commonly used by
researchers in documentation or reference
citation. The APA format is also called the
author-date method of parenthetical
documentation or in-text citation. It is
frequently utilized by those from the field of
education and psychology (Creswell, 2014).
 CITATION STYLES
Another citation style, particularly in
social science, is the Chicago Manual of
Style. Lastly, the Modern Language
Association (MLA) style is often used in
liberal arts and the humanities (Russel
et. al., 2016). It is advisable to use one
citation style consistently.
 Strategies to Avoid Plagiarism
1. Paraphrasing is using or putting in one’s own
words to restate the author’s ideas, and
acknowledging the source to give credit to the
original author (de Belen, 2015).
 
2. Summarizing entails capturing the main
ideas of the text, allowing you to have a broad
overview of the source materials (Driscoll and
Brizee, 2013).
 Strategies to Avoid Plagiarism
3. Synthesizing involves combining ideas from
literature and prior knowledge and using this
information to form new ideas, perspectives,
opinions, or insights (Ohio University 2016, para.9)
 
4. Direct Quotation is when you take another
person’s words and place them in your document.
These must always be placed inside quotation
marks and given appropriate attribution.
Thank
you!