BIOENERGETICS

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What is Bioenergetics?
The study of
energy in living
systems
(environments)
and the
organisms
(plants and
animals) that
utilize them
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 Energy
 Required by
all organisms
 May be
Kinetic or
Potential
energy

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 Kinetic Energy
 Energy of
Motion
 Heat and
light energy
are
examples
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 Potential Energy
 Energy of
position
 Includes
energy
stored in
chemical
bonds
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 Two Types of
Energy Reactions

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 Endergonic Reactions
 Chemical reaction that
requires a net input of
energy.
energy
Light
 Photosynthesis SUN Energy
photons

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

(glucose)
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Exergonic Reactions
 Chemical reactions that
releases energy
 Cellular Respiration
Energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP

(glucose)

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Metabolic Reactions
of Cells

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What is Metabolism?
 The sum total
of the
chemical
activities of
all cells.
cells

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Two Types of Metabolism
 Anabolic
Pathways
 Catabolic
Pathways

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 Anabolic Pathway
 Metabolic reactions, which
consume energy (endergonic), to
build complicated molecules from
simpler compounds. light
SUN energy
 Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

(glucose)
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 Catabolic Pathway
 Metabolic reactions which release
energy (exergonic) by breaking
down complex molecules in simpler
compounds
energy
 Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
(glucose)

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Cellular Energy -
ATP

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 ATP
 Components:
1. adenine: nitrogenous base
2. ribose: five carbon sugar
3.phosphate group: chain of 3

adenine phosphate group

P P P
ribose

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 Adenosine Triphosphate
 Three
phosphate
groups-(two
with high
energy bonds
 Last phosphate
group (PO4)
contains the
MOST energy
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Breaking the Bonds of ATP
 Process is called
phosphorylation
 Occurs continually
in cells
 Enzyme ATP-ase
can weaken & break
last PO4 bond
releasing energy &
free PO4
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How does ATP work ?
 Organisms use enzymes to
break down energy-rich
glucose to release its
potential energy
 This energy is trapped and
stored in the form of
adenosine triphosphate(ATP)

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How Much ATP Do Cells Use?
 It is estimated
that each cell
will generate
and consume
approximately
10,000,000
molecules of
ATP per second
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Coupled Reaction - ATP
 The exergonic
hydrolysis of ATP
is coupled with the
endergonic
dehydration H2O
process by
transferring a
phosphate group to
another molecule.
H2O
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 Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O  ADP + P (exergonic)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

P P P

Hydrolysis
(add water)

P P + P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
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Hyrolysis is Exergonic

Energy
Used
by
Cells

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Dehydration of ATP
ADP + P  ATP + H2O (endergonic)

Dehydration
(Remove H2O

P P + P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

P P P

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Dehydration is Endergonic

Energy
is
restored
in
Chemical
Bonds

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Review

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 How many high energy
phosphate bonds does ATP
have?

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Which is true of photosyntheis?

Anabolic or Catabolic

Exergonic Or Endergonic

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 The breakdown of ATP is
due to:
Dehydration or Hydrolysis

H2O added or H2O removed

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 Which Reactions are often
Coupled in Organisms
Hydrolysis BOTH
or Dehydration

Anabolism or
BOTH Catabolism

Endergonic or
BOTH Exergonic

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Ready for the test?
If not, review and
try again!!!

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