Unit-4: Topic - Sanitary Services For Building - Ii

UNIT- 4
TOPIC – SANITARY SERVICES

FOR BUILDING - II NIMS SCHOOL OF
ARCHITECTURE AND
PLANNING
NIMS UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR
RAJASTHAN
Prof. Gaurav Agrawal

ARC 303 : SANITARY SERVICES FOR BUILDING 1 11
INDEX
•SANITARY FITTINGS
•DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• MANHOLES, SEPTIC TANKS , SOAK PITS, ETC.
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NIMS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
ARC 303 : SANITARY SERVICES FOR BUILDING 2
SANITARY FITTINGS
The following fittings are commonly used in building, for efficient collection and
removal of waste water to the house drain:
1. Wash Basin
2. Sinks
3. Bath Tubs
4. Water Closets
5. Urinals
6. Bidet
7. Flushing Cistern
8. Flushing System
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WASH BASIN
• A wash basin is usually made of fire clay, stoneware, earthenware or vitreous china.
Nowadays they are also made of steel, plastic, glass , aluminum etc.
• An ordinary wash basin is mounted brackets fixed on wall, while a pedestal type
basin is mounted on pedestal on rising from wall.
• They are available in different shapes and sizes .
• Normally, a wash basin is provided with two taps-one for hot water and other for
cold water or a mixture mounted on its top and wall.
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• It has an oval shaped bowl, with an overflow slot at the top. The waste pipe with
a metallic strainer is provided at the bottom of the bowl. The waste pipe has a
trap at its bottom.
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SINKS
• A sink is a rectangular basin used in kitchen or laboratory for cleaning utensils, and
glassware.
• Made of glazed earth-ware, stone ware, stainless steel etc.
• Provided with draining board on the right of user. The height of top of sink from
floor - 90cm
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• The mouth of outlet pipe is provided with grating so that the entry of coarse
solid substances is prevented.
• Common sizes of kitchen sinks:

600 x 450 x 150 mm
600 x 450 x 250 mm
750 x 450 x 250 mm
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BATH TUBS
• Bath tubs may be made of various materials, such as enamelled iron, plastic, PVC,
porcelain enamelled, marble or fire clay etc. For high class residential buildings
marble, plastic or enamelled iron or fiber glass baths are used.
• These days bath tubs comes with the fitting for Jacuzzi and whirlpool.
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• The bath may be parallel or taper, the latter type being more popular.
• It is provided with one outlet of 4 to 8 cm and one inlet pipe for filling it. In some
cases two taps are provided one for hot and another for cold water supply.
• The bath should also be provided with one over-flow pipe to take excessive water.
The waste pipe of bath is provided with a trap, to prevent the foul gases from
entering in the bathroom.
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WATER CLOSETS
• Water closets are designed to receive and discharge human excreta directly from the
person using it. The appliance is connected to the soil pipe by means of a suitable
trap.it is usually connected to a flushing cistern to flush the closet and discharge the
human excreta to the soil pipe.
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WATER CLOSETS ARE OF THREE TYPES
Anglo Indian-type European-type Anglo-Indian-type
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Wall mount W.C. with concealed Wall mount W.C. with cistern
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URINALS
• Urinals is a sanitary plumbing

fixture for urination only. Urinals are often
provided in public toilets for male users
in Western countries .
• They are usually used in a standing position.

Urinals can be with manual flushing,
automatic flushing, or without flushing, as is
the case for waterless urinals.
• The best types of urinals are made of

enamelled fireclay, other of salt glazed
stoneware, marble, slate and in cement.
• The content of urinals are collected and

discharged into the soil pipe through floor
trap.
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FLOOR MOUNT URINALS FEMALE URINALS
CORNER URINALS SQUATTING PLATE
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BIDET
• A bidet is a plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the genitalia, of
the human body.
• It may be located next to the toilet in the toilet room.
• Fixtures that combine a toilet seat with a bidet, which may be electronic,
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FLUSHING CISTERNS
• These are used for flushing water closets and
urinals after use. There are several varieties
of flushing cisterns.
• High-level cisterns are intended to operate

with a minimum height of 125 cm between
the top of the pan and the underside of the
cistern.
• Low-level cisterns are intended to operate at

a height not more than 30 cm between the
top of the pan and the underside of the
cistern.
• Cistern may be of cast iron, glazed

earthenware, glazed vitreous ware or pressed
steel or any other impervious material.
• Now a days plastic cisterns are also available

in the market.
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FLUSHING SYSTEM
CROSS VALVE HALF / FULL VALVE CONCEALED SYSTEM
CONCEALED VALVE PUSH VALVE
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DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• For efficient drainage, it is always
better to prepare house drainage
plan.in some cities, it is statutory
to submit such plans.
• The site plan is drawn to a

suitable scale, showing onto it the
position of baths, W.C., urinals,
wash basin and other units along
with the position of gully traps
and the floor traps.
• The longitudinal section of the

drain is also drawn, showing
distances, invert levels, size and
levels of inspection chambers and
man holes, gradient of pipes and
the position and level of the
public sewer
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MANHOLES
A manhole (alternatively inspection chamber, access chamber or sewer hole) is an
opening to a confined space such as a shaft, utility vault, or large vessel. Manholes are
often used as an access point for an underground public utility, allowing inspection,
maintenance, and system upgrades.
• They are used to carry out inspection,
cleaning and removing obstruction in
the sewer line.
• Manhole allows joining of sewers or

changing the direction of sewer or
alignment of sewer or both.
• They allow the escape of considerable

gases through perforated cover and
thus help in ventilation of sewage.
• They facilitate the laying of sewer line

in convenient lengths
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SEPTIC TANK
• A septic tank is used to treat • Septic tank serves two purposes:
sewage from isolated group
of country houses, where a 1. Deposition of the settling solids in sewage
piped sewage system is not by sedimentation,
available. 2. Partial or complete digestion of the sludge
prior to its disposal.
• It is horizontal continuous
flow sedimentation tank in
which sewage moves very
slowly.
• A septic tank produces septic

action by anaerobic bacteria,
wherein proteins,
carbohydrates cellulose and
fatty matter present in
sewage are broken to simpler
compounds.
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• The nitrogen is converted to ammonia, while the colloidal matter is flocculated,
then liquefied and finally digested.
• The effluent from the septic tank is discharged either into soak pit or below ground
level through open jointed agricultural drains, so that the effluent gets absorbed in
the soil. The aerobic bacteria in the soil bring about should not be discharged in
open drains.
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• It is so constructed that direct current between inlet and outlet is prevented.
• This is archived by using pipe-tees at inlet and outlet. A baffle wall with
openings is constructed at some distance away from the outlet.
• The outlet pipe is kept about 15 cm lower than the inlet pipe.
• The sludge, which is deposited in the bottom is cleaned periodically, say once
in 6 to 12 months. A vent pipe is provided for the escape of gases.
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SOAK PIT
• A Soak Pit, also known as a soakaway or leach pit, is a covered, porous-walled
chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground.
• Soak pit is a covered pit dug in the ground, in which effluent from the septic tank is
discharges. It is generally dug in the previous soil which can absorb the effluent.
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SOAK PIT
LINED SOAK PIT UNLINED SOAK PIT
lined soak pits are used when the inner
However, If the inner volume is filled
volume is kept empty. The lining may be
with stone and bricks aggregates, no
of bricks, stone or concrete blocks, with
lining is required, except for the masonry
dry open joints, and with at least 7.5 cm
ring provided at the top.
backing of aggregate.
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SLUDGE SOAK PIT
A sludge soak pit is the one in which the sewage effluent from the house drain is
directly discharged. The water in the accumulated sewage is soaked by adjoining
previous soil while the sludge is digested in the pit. Such soak pits are quite common
in areas where subsoil is highly previous.
It is lined with masonry with open

joints. The top is covered with a
rigid slab. The diameter of such a
tank varies from 2 m to 3 m. while
the depth varies from 2.5 m to 4
m. each individual house has one
such soak pit which has a life of
about 20 years for family of 6
person.
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26

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UNIT- 4

TOPIC – SANITARY SERVICES

Prof. Gaurav Agrawal

• MANHOLES, SEPTIC TANKS , SOAK PITS, ETC.

• They are available in different shapes and sizes .

• Made of glazed earth-ware, stone ware, stainless steel etc.

• Common sizes of kitchen sinks:

Anglo Indian-type European-type Anglo-Indian-type

• Urinals is a sanitary plumbing

• They are usually used in a standing position.

• The best types of urinals are made of

• The content of urinals are collected and

CORNER URINALS SQUATTING PLATE

• It may be located next to the toilet in the toilet room.

• High-level cisterns are intended to operate

• Low-level cisterns are intended to operate at

• Cistern may be of cast iron, glazed

• Now a days plastic cisterns are also available

CONCEALED VALVE PUSH VALVE

• The site plan is drawn to a

• The longitudinal section of the

• Manhole allows joining of sewers or

• They allow the escape of considerable

• They facilitate the laying of sewer line

• A septic tank produces septic

It is lined with masonry with open

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