- Structure

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING

COMPETENCIES
• Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons
in a particular atom.
 OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the subatomic particles.
2. Calculate the number of protons, electrons,
neutrons, mass number in a particular atom
3. Appreciate the importance of the uniqueness
of an atom and an individual.
Atom – smallest particle of an element that retains the
properties of the element
 NEUTRON
• has neutral charge
• discovered by James Chadwick
• located inside the nucleus
• symbol: no
 PROTON
• a positively charge particle
• discovered by Ernest Rutherford
• located inside the nucleus
• symbol: p+
 ELECTRON
• a negatively charge particle
• discovered by Joseph John Thomson
• located outside nucleus
• symbol: e-
Subatomic
Charge Location Symbol Discoverer
particle
Inside the
PROTON Positive p+ E. Rutherford
nucleus

Outside the
ELECTRON Negative e- JJ Thomson
nucleus

Neutral/ Inside the

NEUTRON n0 J Chadwick
zero nucleus
 ATOMIC NUMBER
• the number of protons in an atom
 MASS NUMBER
• equal to number of protons + the number of neutron in an
atom

Mass number = proton + neutron

 NUCLEAR SYMBOL
• contains:
• symbol of the element
• atomic number
• mass number
 COMPLETE THE TABLE
ELEMENT ATOMIC MASS NO. PROTON (p+) ELECRON (e-) NEUTRON (n)
NO.

Potassium 19 39 19 19 20
Chromium 52 24 28
Nickel 28 31
Chlorine 17 18
Phosphorus 31 15
 COMPLETE THE TABLE
ELEMENT ATOMIC MASS NO. PROTON (p+) ELECRON (e-) NEUTRON (n)
NO.

Potassium 19 39 19 19 20
Chromium 24 52 24 24 28
Nickel 28 59 28 28 31
Chlorine 17 35 17 17 18
Phosphorus 15 31 15 15 16