PRESENTED BY GROUP 1

NANOTECHNOLOGY,
BIODIVERSITY, DNA &
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS NANOTECH
AND NANOSCIE?
NANOSCIE OR
NANOSCIENCE
• Nanoscience is the study of matter at the nanoscale, which is typically
measured in units of billionths of a meter (nanometers).

• It involves the manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular level

to create new materials and devices with unique properties.
NANOTECH OR
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanotechnology is the study and application of materials and devices with
dimensions at the nanoscale.
• This involves working with materials that are typically less than 100
nanometers in size, which is about 1/1000th the width of a human hair.

• At the nanoscale, materials can exhibit unique properties that

differ from their bulk counterparts.
WHAT ARE THE BASIC
CONCEPTS OF
NANOSCIENCE?
CONCEPTS OF NANOSCIENCE:
1. QUANTUM EFFECTS

• The study of the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level,

including quantum mechanics and quantum computing.

2. SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO

• The ratio of the surface area to volume of a material, which can affect its properties and

behavior in various applications.

3. SELF ASSEMBLY

• The ability of materials to spontaneously organize themselves into complex structures

without external guidance or control.

WHAT ARE THE BASIC
APPLICATION OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY?
 BASIC APPLICATION OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
1.MEDICAL APPLICATION:

• Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize medicine by enabling the development

of new diagnostic tools and treatments.

2.MATERIALS SCIENCE

• Nanotechnology can be used to create new and improved materials with enhance

properties.
3.ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTING

• Nanotechnology can be used to cretae faster and more effiecient electronics devices.
WHAT IS
BIODIVERSITY?
 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OR
BIODIVERSITY
• The measure of the number of species on the planet or in a
specified area. (Clark, 2013)
• The variation living things making the world beautiful and
exciting place to live. (Cunningham, 2013)

• A sum of all different species of animals, plants, fungi, and

microbial organism living on earth and the variety of
habitats in which they live.
 WHAT ARE THE
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
BIODIVERSITY?
 LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY
1. GENETIC DIVERSITY
• Genetic differences within a single population and among
geographically separate populations.
2. SPECIES DIVERSITY
• All different species or kinds of organism on our planet.

3. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
• The variety of interactions within and among Earth’s different
ecosystem.
 WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
BIODIVERSITY?
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIVERSITY

A. Biodiversity Has Limits

• Physical environments, even healthy ones, can support just so many of any species,
including people, indefinitely.
• This maximum number is termed the carrying capacity for that environment.

• Over the short term, these limits can be exceeded by a population or species, including
people, a condition often termed overshoot.
• Overshoot, in the short term, often degrades the associated environment; in the long
term, it causes a sharp, considerable decline in a population or species, or even its
elimination from that environment.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIVERSITY

b. Biodiversity has Values

• Biodiversity has fundamental values, which can be categorized into:

1. Consumptive use: products that are harvested and consumed.

Ex: Foods and Fuels

2. Productive use value: This implies products that are sourced and commercially

marketed. Almost all of the crops grown today have evolved from wild varieties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIVERSITY
3. Social use: is associated with customs, religion and psycho- spiritual
practices

4. Ethical Use: the duty to protect various species.

5. Aesthetic value: Biological diversity enhances the quality of life and

contributes significantly to some of nature’s most beautiful aspects.
Biodiversity makes a significant contribution to the gorgeousness of the
landscape.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIVERSITY

6. Option Value: refers to the idea that living variation is valuable because
we cannot predict which elements (e.g., species) will provide uses/benefits in
the future.

7. Ecosystem Services Value: Ecosystem services make human life possible

by, for example, providing nutritious food and clean water, regulating
disease and climate, supporting the pollination of crops and soil formation,
and providing recreational, cultural and spiritual benefits.
WHAT IS DNA?
 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID OR DNA
• DNA is known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is an organic compound that
has a unique molecular structure. It is found in all prokaryotic cells and
eukaryotic cells.

• DNA is often called the blueprint of life.

• DNA is a group of molecules that is responsible for carrying and

transmitting the hereditary materials or the genetic instructions from
parents to off springs.
WHAT DOES THE DNA
STRUCTURE LOOK
LIKE, AND WHAT
DOES IT CONSIST OF?
DNA STRUCTURE: DOUBLE HELIX
DNA STRUCTURE: DOUBLE HELIX
• DNA structure: Twisted ladder, known as a double helix.

• DNA is a nucleic acid, with nucleotides as its building blocks.

• Nucleotides consist of three components: sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen

bases.

• DNA strands formed by joining nucleotides through sugar and phosphate groups.
 WHAT ARE
FUNDAMENTAL
CONCEPTS OF DNA?
CONCEPTS OF DNA
• ADENINE (A)
• Adenine is a purine nucleobase. It is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acids of DNA.
• GUANINE (G)
• Guanine bases on one strand pair with cytosine bases on the opposite strand. The sequence of
the four nucleotide bases encodes DNA's information.
• CYTOSINE (C)
• one of the nitrogenous bases in DNA, it's a pyrimidine, and it makes three hydrogen bonds,
making it the perfect partner for guanine.
• THYMINE (T)
• Thymine is a pyrimidine, which means that it is composed of a single ring consisting of 4
carbon atoms and 2 nitrogen atoms. Thymine helps stabilize nucleic acid structures.
ELEMENTS OF DNA
• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Phosphorus
• Hydrogen
WHAT IS INFO TECH?
INFORMATION
• generally refers to data that has been processed, organize, or
structured in a meaningful way to convey knowledge.

• It can take various forms, such as facts, knowledge, news, or

instructions.
• Information is a broad term and can be categorized into
different types based on its nature and context.
TECHNOLOGY
• It encompasses a wide range of applications and can be found in
various aspects of everyday life, industry, communication,
transportation, and more.

• Technology is dynamic and constantly evolving, with new

developments and innovations shaping the way we live and
work. It has a profound impact on various aspects of society,
economy, and culture.
 INFO TECH OR INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT)
• refers to the use, development, and management of technology to process,
store, transmit, and retrieve information.
• It encompasses a broad range of technologies, systems, and practices that
facilitate the creation, storage, manipulation, and communication of data.

• Information Technology plays a crucial role in various

aspects of modern life, including business, education,
healthcare, entertainment, and communication.
WHAT ARE THE BASIC
CONCEPTS OF INFO
TECH?
BASIC CONCEPTS OF INFO TECH:
1. INFORMATION SECURITY

• refers to the measures implemented to prevent unauthorized access to information by

people who have malicious intent.

2. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

• refers to the development of computer-based programs and applications that are needed

by an organization to meet its needs.

3. TECHNICAL SUPPORT

• the service provided to users of particular software and hardware products for the

maintenance and monitoring of those products.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF INFO TECH:

4. DATABASE AND DATA MANAGEMENT

• his is proper record-keeping of information or data in an organization.

5 NETWORK MANAGEMENT

• refers to managing a network to ensure it is free from errors that could cripple the

workflow of an organization.