II
Shantan: Hi Vineet, Sunil was here yesterday.
He suggested we see a movie but
dropped the idea. He suddenly
remembered he had to take his
mother to temple.
(Ææ’F™¸ E†o Ééπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’. ´’†ç ÆœE-
´÷-Èé-∞«l-´’-Ø√oúø’ é¬F -Ç Ç™- ´÷†’-èπ◊-
Ø√oúø’. ¢√∞¡}-´’t†’ í∫’úÕéÀ BÂÆ\-∞«x-©E
¢√úÕéÀ Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ í∫’®Ìh-*açC)
Vineet: Though I wanted to see you both, I
could not come. My bike had trou-
bled, so I took it to the mechanic. He
took an hour to repair it.
(E†o N’´’tLo éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√o é¬F 6) Since
®√™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Ø√ ¶„jé˙èπ◊ -àüÓ Ææ-´’Ææu
´*açC.Åçü¿’-éπE -¢Á’é¬-Eé˙ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’Èé-∞«x. (Å°æ p öÀ †’ç* ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
-JÊ°®˝ -îË-ߪ’-ú≈--EéÀ -Å-ûª-úø’ í∫çô Ææ-´’-ߪ’ç
BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’)
Shantan: How much did it cost you?
(áçûª-®·çC)
Vineet: He billed me Rs.200/- But I offered
him only Rs. 150/-. He accepted it.
(¢√úø’ ®Ω÷.200 ÅúÕ-í¬úø’/È®çúÌç-ü¿©’
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© G™¸ ¢Ë¨»úø’. ؈’ †÷ô ߪ÷¶µ„j
Éî√a†’. BÆæ’\-Ø√oúø’)
Shantan: These mechanics are smart guys .
They demand more than What is
right because we bargain for less.
(O∞¡Ÿx î√™« ûÁL-¢Áj-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx. ÆæÈ®j† ü∆E-éπçõ‰
áèπ◊\-´-úø’-í∫’-û√®Ω’. ´’†ç ᙫí∫÷ ûªèπ◊\-´èπ◊
¶‰®Ωç îË≤ƒhç 鬕öÀd)
Smart = ûÁL-¢Áj†/ ´’ç* •ôd-©ûÓ îªéπ\í¬ éπE-
°œçîË
bargain = ¶«í∫Ø˛= -¶‰®Ωç/ ¶‰®Ωç îËߪ’ôç
Vineet: That's true, but my mechanic is n't
that type.
(éπÈ®Íéd. é¬-F ´÷- ¢Á’é¬-Eé˙ Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√úø’
é¬ü¿’)
Shantan: Every one thinks so about their
mechanics
(v°æA ¢√úø’ ûª† ¢Á’é¬-Eé˙ í∫’-Jç-* Å™«Íí
ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’)
Vineet: OK. Will Sunil be coming here today?
(ÆæÍ®. Ææ’F™¸ Ñ¢√∞¡ ´≤ƒhú≈)
Shantan: He hasn't even called me since he
left me yesterday. I don't know if he
will come. As I am going back to
College tomorrow, how about a
movie this evening?
(E†o †ØÌo-CL ¢ÁRx†°æpöÀ †’ç* Ø√èπ◊ -
§∂Ú-Ø˛ èπÿú≈ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. ¢√úÌ-≤ƒhúÓ ™‰üÓ
ûÁMü¿’. Í®°æ¤ ؈’ é¬-™‰-ñ ¸èπ◊ ¢ÁR}§Úûª’-Ø√o†’
鬕öÀd Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«l´÷?)
Vineet: That's a good idea. When are you
starting for your Engineering College
in Anantapur?
(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC. ņç-ûª-°æ‹®˝-™ -E
Engineering College Èé°æ¤p-úÁ-∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o´¤)
Shantan: Tomorrow After noon
(Í®°æ¤ -´’--üµ∆u£æ«oç -¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o-†’)
Vineet: Let's call Sunil then
(Sunil èπ◊ §∂Ú-Ø˛ îËü∆lç)
Shantan: Let's go to his place -
(¢√úÕç-öÀ-Èé∞«lç)
Vineet: OK
´’†ç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ω π◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’- π◊†o Subordinate
Clauses.
1) That clauses
(He says that he saw you yesterday)
(ÅE ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
2) Wh clauses
(á°æ¤púø’ ïJTçüÓ, à´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ó, ¢Á·ü¿-
Spoken English
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 20 -´÷-Ja 2006
™„j†ô’´çöÀ Å®ΩnçûÓ),
He has agreed to what I have said.
3) Whether / if clauses
(Å´¤Ø√/é¬ü∆ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
I don't know whether/ if he has come
(¢√úÌ-î√aúÓ ™‰üÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁMü¿’)
4) Because/ as/ since clauses (Åçü¿’-´©x/鬕öÀd
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
As the book is expensive, I cannot buy it.
(°æ¤Ææhéπç êK-üÁj†C Å´ôç ´©x ؈’ é̆-™‰†’) Ñ Clause ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ Ö†o- -¢√é¬u-Eo °æ-J-Q-L-ü∆lç •ü¿’©’ so ¢√úÕ îª÷ü∆l´÷?
5) though/although/even though clauses ✒ He suggested that we see a movie but Clause 4:
Though it is raining he has gone out
dropped the idea. ✓ They demand what is more than right
(´®Ω{ç èπ◊®Ω’-Ææ’h-†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-∞«xúø’)
DØÓx but BÊÆÆœ though ¢√úø-´îª’a éπü∆. (áçü¿’- because we bargain for less.
/ ever since clauses
éπçõ‰ though (Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ), but È®ç-úÕç-öÀ Å®Ωnç ✓ We bargain for less, so they demand what is
äéπõ‰ Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, sentence structure ´÷®Ω’- more than right.
Ever since he came here, he has had health
ûª’çC) Clause 7:
problems
✒ Though / Although / Even though he sug- As I am going back to College tomorrow.
gested the movie he dropped the idea.
(Ééπ \-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-°æpöÀ †’ç--< ¢√úø’ èπ◊™«-≤ƒí¬ ™‰úø’) Ñ clause ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ Ö†o- -¢√é¬u-Eo °æ-J-Q-L-ü∆lç...
✒ Though / Although / Even though He is ✒ As I am going... tomorrow, how about a
weak, he works hard movie this evening?
(or) ✒ I am going back to college tomorrow, So how
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 129 ✒ He is Weak, but works hard. about a movie tonight.
(•©-£‘«†çí¬ ÖØ√o éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îË-≤ƒhúø’.) ✓ É™« Though / Although / Even though
Let's go to his place...
✒ Though he is rich, he Clauses But Clause
†’ , But Clauses †’
É´Fo í∫’®Ω’h-Ø√oß˝’ éπü∆. OöÀE Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd- is not proud Though Clause í¬ ´÷®Ωa-´îª’a.
straight í¬ main clause ûÓ join îËÊÆh O’ con-
(or) ✓ Å™«Íí,Because / As / Since Clauses 'So' †’
versation î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.
✒ He is rich, but he is Clauses So Clause
, Because Clause
í¬ †’
Practise îËߪ’çúÕ. not proud ´÷®Ωa-´îª’a éπü∆.
Now look at the following clauses from the (Å-ûª-úø’ -üµ¿-†-´ç-ûª’-úÁj†-°æp- O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.
conversation at the beginning of this les- öÀéÃ, Åûª-úÕéÀ í∫®Ωyç- -™‰-ü¿’) M. SURESAN ✓ Though Clause †’ But Clause í¬ ´÷Í®a-ô-
son. ✓ Clause No.3 ™ èπÿú≈ °æ¤púø’ though ™‰E clause -èπ◊ but °úøû√ç.
1) ... but (he) dropped the idea. but •ü¿’©’ though / ✓ Because / as / since clauses †’, so clause í¬
(Ç Ç™- N®Ω-N’ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’) although / even though ûÓ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’ because / as /since ™‰E clause
2) ... So I took it to the mechanic. ✓ Clause No.2, ... so, I took it to the ´·çü¿’ so ´Ææ’hçC.
3) ... but I offered him only Rs.150. mechanic Though she is beautiful, she is not proud
4) ... because we bargain for less. Ñ clause ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ Ö†o- -¢√é¬u-Eo °æ-J-Q-L-ü∆lç (or)
5) ... but my mechanic isn't that type. ✒ My bike had trouble, so, I took it to the She is beautiful but she is not proud
6) ... Since he left me yesterday. mechanic. (
-Ç-¢Á’ -Åç--ü¿çí¬ -Ö-†o°æp-öÀéà -Ç-¢Á’èπ◊ í∫®Ωyç -™‰-ü¿’)
7) As I am going back to college tomorrow. Ééπ\úø 'so •ü¿’©’ because / as / since ¢√úø- (Though, but Ö†o Clause í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.)
( 4, 6 , 7 ´’†èπ◊ ûÁLÆ- †œ clauses éπü∆. ´îª’a éπü∆. Because She is good, every one likes her
✓ Clause No.4 鬮Ω-ù«Eo ûÁ™‰pC. ✒ Because / Since / as my bike had trouble I (or)
✓ clause No. 6 °∂ 晫Ø√ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† †’ç* ÅE îÁÊ°pC. took it to the mechanic. She is good, so every one likes her.
✓ Clause No. 7 èπ ÿú≈ 鬮Ω-ù«Eo ûÁ™‰p-C ✒ My bike had trouble. So I took it to the (
-Ç-¢Á’ -´’ç-* -´uéÀh é¬-•-öÀd -Åç-ü¿®Ω÷ -
É°æ ¤ p úø ’ look at Clause NO. 1 mechanic. Ç-¢Á’-†’ -Å-Gµ-´÷-E≤ƒh®Ω’)
... but (he) dropped the idea ✓ Clauses 4, 7 ™ èπÿú≈ as / since / because
once?
Sailesh: ®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ, ؈’ ¶«í¬ØË ®√ÆœØ√ °æ-Kéπ~-™x Ø√èπ◊ PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING Sailesh: I will do that. I tried to meet the
´÷®Ω’\-©’ ÆæJí¬ ®√™‰-üËçöÀ?
Aoç-*Ø√ èπ◊ü¿-®Ω-ô癉ü¿’. Maths Lecturer Yesterday. But he
Ramesh: F -îË-A®√ûª ¶«í∫’ç-úøéπ§Ú´úøç ´©xØË Fèπ◊ -
Ramesh: Don't worry. Çߪ’-†çûª busy Å®·-†-°æp- was not available.
´÷®Ω’\-©’ ÆæJí¬ ®√´-ôç-™‰ü¿’.
öÀéÃ, Çߪ’Eo éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-í∫© ´÷®Ω_ç Fèπ◊ Ramesh: He is always busy with tuitions. So it
Sailesh: ؈’ Ææ÷\-™¸™ -ñ«®·-Ø˛ Å®·-†-°æpöÀ †’ç*
îÁ§ƒh. is difficult to meet him.
Ø√ -îË-A®√-ûª É™«Íí ÖçöçC. Ææ÷\-™¸ ™
Sailesh: Thank you Sailesh: Ever since he returned our answer
Ø√èπ◊ ´÷®Ω’\-©’ ¶«í¬ØË ´î√a®·. ´’J
Answers: books, I have been trying to meet
é¬--™‰-ñ ¸-™ ®√´-ôç-™‰-üËçöÀ?
him, but could not.
Ramesh: †’´¤y -™„éπa®Ω®˝qûÓ ã≤ƒJ ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü∆? Sailesh: Ramesh, I did well in the exam. But
Ramesh: Don't worry. Though he is busy, I will
Sailesh: Ç °æE îË≤ƒh. -´÷u--ü∑˛q -™„éπa®Ω®˝q†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ- I got low marks. Why?
tell you a way to meet him.
¢√-©E v°æߪ’-Aoç-î√†’ E†o, é¬F Çߪ’† Ramesh: You are not getting good marks
Sailesh: Thank you.
üÌ®Ω-éπ-™‰ü¿’. because your hand writing is bad.
Ramesh: Çߪ’† tuitionsûÓ á°æ¤púø÷ busy. Åçü¿’- Sailesh: My handwriting has been like this (In the sentence above, change but into
éπE Çߪ’†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç éπ≠dçæ . since I joined School.. But I got/used although/though/even though, and
Sailesh: Çߪ’† ´’† Answer books AJT É*a-†- to get good marks at school. How is as/since/because into so, and vice versa.
°æpöÀ †’ç* Çߪ’†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E v°æߪ’- it I don't get such marks in College?
Ramesh: Why don't you talk to the lecturers
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm