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Cu 5: Khi nim php bin chng, cc hnh thc c bn ca php bin chng trong lch s trit hc; Phn tch php bin chng duy tm v php bin chng duy vt.
A. Khi nim bin chng Php bin chng l hc thuyt nghin cu, khi qut bin chng ca th gii thnh h thng cc nguyn l, quy lut khoa hc nhm xy dng hthng cc nguyn tc phng php lun ca nhn thc v thc tin. Php bin chng thuc v bin chng ch quan. Php bin chng i lp vi php siu hnh - phng php t duy v s vt, hin tng ca th gii trong trng thi c lp tnh ti v tch ri. B. Cc hnh thc c bn ca php bin chng Trong lch s trit hc, php bin chng pht trin qua ba hnh thc c bn: php bin chng cht phc thi c i, php bin chng duy tm c in c v php bin chng duy vt ca ch ngha Mc-Lnin. Php bin chng cht phc thi c i Php bin chng cht phc thi c i l hnh thc u tin ca php bin chng trong lch s trit hc, l ni dung c bn trong nhiu h thng trit hc ca Trung Quc, n v Hy Lp c i. Tiu biu nh. T tng bin chng ca trit hc Trung Quc l bin dch lun (hc thuyt v nhng nguyn l, quy lut bin i ph bin trong v tr); ng hnh lun (hc thuyt v nhng nguyn tc tng tc, bin i ca cc t cht bn th

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trong v tr) ca m dng gia. Trong trit hc n biu hin r nt nht ca t tng bin chng l trit hc Pht gio vi cc phm tr nh: v ng, v thng, nhn duyn Thi c i Hy Lp, mt s nh trit hc duy tm (Platon) coi php bin chng l ngh thut tranh lun tm ra chn l. Arixtt ng nht php bin chng vi lgc hc. Mt s nh trit hc duy vt c t tng bin chng v s vt (bin chng khch quan). Hraclit coi s bin i ca th gii nh mt dng chy. ng ni: Mi vt u tri i, mi vt u bin i. Ngi ta khng th tm c hai ln trong cng mt dng sng. Php bin chng cht phc thi c i c c im l: Nhn thc ng v tnh bin chng ca th gii nhng khng phi da trn thnh tu ca khoa hc m bng trc kin thin ti, bng trc quan cht phc, l kt qu ca s quan st trc tip. Do , cha t ti trnh phn tch gii t nhin, cha chng minh c mi lin h ph bin ni ti ca gii t nhin. T na cui th k XV, khoa hc t nhin bt u pht trin mnh, i vo nghin cu tng yu t ring bit ca gii t nhin dn n s ra i ca phng php siu hnh v phng php ny tr thnh thng tr trong t duy trit hc v nghin cu khoa hc vo th k XVIII. Php bin chng duy tm c in c c khi u t Cant v hon thin h tthng trit hc ca G.Hghen. Trit hc c in c trnh by nhng t tng c bn nht ca php bin chng duy tm. Tnh duy tm trong trit hc ca G.Hghen c biu hin ch, ng coi php bin chng l qu trnh pht trin khi u ca nim tuyt i, coi bin chng ch quan l c s ca bin chng khch quan. ng cho rng nim tuyt i l im khi u ca tn ti, t tha ha thnh gii t nhin v tr v vi bn thn n trong tn ti tinh thn. Tinh thn, t tng, nim tuyt i l ci c trc, th gii hin thc ch l bn sao chp ca nim. Nh vy, Hghen, l ngi xy dng php bin chng tng i hon chnh vi mt h thng khi nim, phm tr, quy lut. Tuy nhin, php bin chng Hghen l php bin chng duy tm, l php bin chng ngc u; ng coi bin chng ca nim sinh ra bin chng ca s vt, ch khng phi ngc li. Ph.ngghen nhn xt rng: Tnh cht thn b m php bin chng mc phi trong tay Hghen tuyt nhin khng ngn cn Hghen tr thnh ngi u tin trnh by mt cch bao qut v c thc nhng hnh thi vn ng chung ca php bin chng. Hghen, php bin chng b ln ngc u xung t. Ch cn dng n li l s pht hin c ci ht nhn hp l ca n ng sau ci v thn b ca n C. Php bin chng duy tm khch quan Php bin chng duy tm xut hin trong trit hc c in c cui th k XVIII, na u th k XIX. Thi k ny, khoa hc t c nhng thnh tu xut sc trn nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. Nhng thnh tu khoa hc l c s i ti nhng khi qut mi v ni dung php bin chng. i din tiu biu cho php bin chng duy tm l Hghen. ng l ngi u tin xy dng hon chnh php bin chng duy tm vi mt h thng khi nim, phm tr v quy lut c bn. Tnh cht duy tm trong php bin chng ca Hghen th hin ch : ng coi nim tuyt i l ci c trc, v trong qu trnh vn ng pht trin, nim tuyt i tha ha thnh gii t nhin v x hi; cui cng li tr v vi chnh mnh trong tinh thn tuyt i. Sai lm ca php bin chng duy tm khch quan ca Hghen l ch ng cho rng bin chng ca nim sn sinh ra bin chng ca s vt. l php bin chng duy tm khch quan, thiu trit , thiu khoa hc. D. Php bin chng duy vt K tha c chn lc nhng thnh tu ca cc nh khoa hc trc , da trn c s khi qut nhng thnh tu mi nht ca khoa hc thi y v thc tin lch s loi cng nh thc tin x hi, vo gia th k XIX, C.Mc v Ph.ngghen sng lp ch ngha duy vt bin chng v php bin chng duy vt, v sau c V.I.Lnin pht trin vo u th k XX, em li cho php bin chng mt hnh thc mi v cht. l php bin chng duy vt. Php bin chng duy vt l s thng nht hu c gia th gii quan duy vt v phng php lun bin chng. Chnh v vy, n khc phc c nhng hn ch ca php bin

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chng cht phc thi c i v nhng thiu st ca php bin chng duy tm khch quan thi cn i. N khi qut ng n nhng quy lut c bn chung nht ca s vn ng v pht trin ca th gii. Php bin chng duy vt tr thnh mt khoa hc. Php bin chng duy vt c xy dng trn c s mt h thng nhng nguyn l, nhng phm tr c bn, nhng quy lut ph bin phn nh ng n hin thc. Trong h thng , nguyn l v mi lin h ph bin v nguyn l v s pht trin l hai nguyn l khi qut nht. V th Ph.ngghen nh ngha: php bin chng chng qua ch l mn khoa hc v nhng quy lut ph bin ca s vn ng v s pht trin ca t nhin, ca x hi loi ngi v ca t duy.

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Cu 10: Thc tin l g? Vai tr ca thc tin i vi nhn thc? Cu 7: Cho v d v ci chung - ci ring, t trnh by v phm tr ci chung - ci ring? Cu 5: Khi nim php bin chng, cc hnh thc c bn ca php bin chng trong lch s trit hc; Phn tch php bin chng duy tm v php bin chng duy vt. Cu 9:Trnh by bin chng ca qu trnh nhn thc? Cu 12: Ti sao ni mu thun l ngun gc ca s vn ng v pht trin? Cu 16:Quy lut v s ph hp ca quan h sn xut vi trnh pht trin ca lc lng sn xut? Cu 11: Quy lut thng nht u tranh ca cc mt i lp ( Khi nim cc mt i lp, mu thun, s thng nht v u tranh ca cc mt i lp) Cu 6: Ti sao trong nhn thc v hot ng thc tin con ngi cn c quan im ton din v quan im lch s-c th? N TP M HC I CNG LP C210 DH 01 Cch iu Hoa L_Ti liu tham kho

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