,xldf oa;ShSl wOHdmkh

mgqk
yekau udkj ixjOkhg n,mdk wdldrh j;udk ;;Ajh

.eg
ls%hdud. idrdxYh

ksjpk
miajk fYa%fhka Tng jvd l%uj;a olaI;d we;slsug iajNdl w;aoels Wmfhda.sssss fldg .kska fokq ,nk wOHdmkh f -cd;sl wOHdmk fldIka jd;dj 1962mqoa.,hd fYaI ;hlg yev.eiaf mrud:fhkaa wjqre 11ka miq ,nd fokq ,nk wOHdmkhhs -spence report-

,laIK m%d:l wOHdmkh wjidkfha oa;shsl wOHdmkh wdrN u lKsIaG oa;shsl" fcHIaG oa;shsl f,i wdldr follska ykd.; yel Wiia ugf jemqr wOHdmkhg iy fYaI mqyqKqjg wjYH idudkH oekqu iy l=i,;d ,ndoSu /lshd fyda fjk;a ludka;hl ksr;u i|yd W; jD;a;sh mqyqKqj oa;shsl wOHdmkfha fojk mshjfoS ,ndoSu

yekau
uQ,Slju oa;shsl wOHdmkh bx.S%is NdIdfjka ,ndoSu oa;shsl wOHdmkh IkdrSka i;=u iy .dia;= whlsrSu oa;shsl wOHdmkh iudcfha jrm%ido ,;a mka;sfha taldldrhla u wOHdmk weu;s OQrhg iSvv lkakka.r uy;df.a fynu ;=< wOHdmkfha ixjOkhla we;su fu;=< oa;shsl wOHdmkh isxy, fou< fyda bx.S%is h hq;= hehs ksfoaY u wOHdmkh fkdf,a ,ndoSu

uOH uyd oHd, wdrNh 1950 ka miq oa;shsl wOHdmkh Odx.slrKh lsrSu 1970-77 wOHdmkh m%;sjHQy.; lsrSf wjYH;dj fmkajd oSu 1988 ka miq Wiia fm< ;dlaIKsl Ihka ykajdoSu Wiia fm< f;jrla fmkS isf whs;sh fjkia fkdlsrSu

YS% ,xldf oa;Shsl wOHdmkfha wruqKq

01 fYAI jev jd;djrKhlg YsIHhd yqre lsrSu
02 YsIHhdf.a O l=i,;d jOkh lsu 03 w;ayod ne,S yd .fIK ldhhg <uhd yqre lsu 04 fyd| iudc mokula we;s lsu

05 06

fpkd;aul ka;k hqKqj we;s lsu fm!reI jOkh we;s lsu

07

mqoa.,hdf.a jk ;;ajh hqKq lsu iy rf wdl ixjOkhla we;s lsu

08 hym;a ukqIHfhl= ys lsrSu

isiqkag f;dard .ekSula is lsrSug yels jk whqrska Ihud,d Odx.SlrKh we.hS moaO;s je oshqKq lsrSu wksjdh wOHdmk jhia iSudj je lsrSu uQ,sl wOHdmkfha wx.hla f,i ;dlaIKsl wOHdmkh taldnoaO lsrSu NdId wOHdmkh je oshqKq lsrSu f;dr;=re moaO;sh je oshqKq lsrSu jD;a;h wOHdmk jevigyka u.ska /lshd fj,|fmd< i|yd fyda Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd YsIHhka ilia lsrSu ix; wOHdmkh ;=, fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iyNd.S;ajh je oshqKq lsrSu

52] la jQ idudkH fm< Nd.h iu;A f m%;sY;h 65] olajd f.k tAu 60]la jq W$fm< Nd.h iu;A f m%;sY;h 75] olajd f.k tAu Ish,q mdie,a i|yd je oshqKq l< wju oHd.dr myiql ,ndoSu wOHdmk yd md,k lghq;= i|yd ish,q mdie,a f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh fhdod .eksu f;dr;=re ;dlaIK Ih idudkH fm< Nd.h i|yd ;dlaIKsl Ih la jYfhka tl;= lsrSu oHd yd .Ks; wOHdmkh ish,q oa;sl mdie,a i|yd ia:dms; lsrSu isiqkaf.a l=I,;d m%jOkh

^1&jsIh

ud,dj wdYs%; .eg

j;udkfha ls%hd;aul jk jsIh ud,dj ;reK mrmqrg fkd.e<mSu jSIh iu.dus lghq;+ flfrys jevs wjOdkhla fhduq fkdlsrSu jsIh ud,d m%dfhda.sl lsrSug fhdod we;s Wmdh ud. id:l fkdjSu ;dlaIKsl" ldusl" lDIsldusl jdKscuh lafIa;%hkays jsIh ud,d kjSlrKh fkdjSu iuyr jsIh ud,d fukau bxY%Sis yd fjk;a NdId bf.kSug ;sfnk ndOl

.eg ioSu i|yd .kakd ,o ls%hdud.

Ih ud,df .eg iu i|yd f.k we;s ls%hdud. Ih ud,d mQ;sixialrKh lsrSu NdId";dKsl Ihka Ih ud,djg jemqr tl;= lsrSu Ih iu.duS ls%hdldrl flfrys jemqr wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu

b.eka l%u wdYs%; .eg iu i|yd f.k we;s ls%hdud.

YsIH l%s%hdldrS;ajh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu wOHdmk pdrsld hdu YsIh mdG.%ka: yd .=re w;afmd;a klrKh lsrSu Y%jH oDIHdOdr Nd; lsrSu iajhx wOHhk wjia:d mq,a lsrSu mfhaIK yd b.ekaf uOHia:dk msysgq u

idrdxYh

uQ,dY% idudkH wOHdmkh i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;s rduqj 2013

fiakdOSr is,ajs Y%S ,xldfjs oajs;Sl mdi,a jsIhud,d m%;sixialrk wjYH;d

,shkdr uyskao wOHdmk ikaksfjsokh iy ;dlaIKh uyskao ka;kh