You are on page 1of 23

ABSOLUTE CONSTR

UCTION

独立主格
BY Liu Hao
• 我们先看一个句子:

• The test finished, we began our ho


liday. =
• When the test was finished, we be
gan our holiday.
• 考试结束了,我们开始放假。
• The president assassinated, the w
hole country was in deep sorrow.
• =After the president was assassin
ated, the whole country was in dee
p sorrow.
• 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲
哀之中。
• Weather permitting, we are going t
o visit you tomorrow.
• 天气允许,我们明天去看你。
• This done, we went home.
• 工作完成后,我们才回家。
• The meeting gone over, everyone
tired to go home earlier.
• 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
• He came into the room, his ears re
d with cold.
• 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻得红通通
的。
• He came out of the library, a large
book under his arm.
• 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
• 独立主格的概念
• “ 独立主格结构”是由名词或代词
作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词
、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作
为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式
上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独
立主格结构”。
• 独立主格的功能

• “ 独立主格结构”实质就是带有自
己主语的非限定状语从句。众所周
知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一
成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依
附于主句。而有些非限定性从句和
无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结
构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为
独立主格结构。
• 其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并
不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属
分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表
原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、
表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。
• 独立主格结构的构成:
• 名词 ( 代词 )+ 现在分词、过去分词

• 名词 ( 代词 )+ 形容词;
• 名词 ( 代词 )+ 副词;
• 名词 ( 代词 )+ 不定式;
• 名词 ( 代词 ) + 介词短语构成。
• 名词 / 代词 + 名词
• 构成的基本类型
• 1) 名词 / 代词 + 形容词
• The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in th
e water, with their officers guiding them.
• It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open
.
• 2 ) 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词
• Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天
来了,天气越来越冷了。
• The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk
. 雨停了,他出去散步。
• 3 ) 名词 / 代词 + 过去分词
• “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his
eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised.
• 4 ) 名词 / 代词(主格) + 不定式
• We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the process
ion to start moving at precisely eleven. 我们十
点四十五分集合,队伍十一点准时出发。
• Here are the first two volumes, the third one to
come out next month. 这是前两卷,第三卷将于
下月问世。
• We divided the work, he to clean the windows a
nd I to sweep the floor. 我们进行了分工,他擦
窗户,我扫地。
• 5 ) 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语
• I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand.
• The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.
那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
• He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pe
n in hand.
• 6 ) 名词 / 代词 + 副词
• Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away.
• Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinki
ng.
• 7 ) 名词 / 代词 + 名词
• he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他
和狼搏斗着,唯一的武器是一根棍棒。
• 独立主格结构的特点:

• 1 )独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句
子的主语不同,它独立存在。
• 2 )名词或代词与后面的分词,形
容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主
谓关系。
• 3 )独立主格结构一般有逗号与主
句分开。
• 独立主格用来表示下面几种
情况:独立主格结构主要用于描绘
性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从
句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、
行为方式或伴随情况等。例如:
• 1) 表示时间
• The meeting being over, all of us went
home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
• Her work done, she sat down for a cup
of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。
• 2 ) 表示条件
• The condition being favorable, he ma
y succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能
成功。
• 3 ) 表示原因
• There being no taxis, we had to walk.
没有出租车,我们只好步行。
• He wrapped her up with great care, th
e night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑
又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的

• 4 ) 表示伴随情况
• Almost all metals are good conductor
s, silver being the best of all. 几乎所
有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最
好的导体。 (=Almost all metals are
good conductors, and silver is the best
of all.)
• 例题:
• The murder was brought in, with his h
ands ___ behind his back 。
• A. being tied B. having tied C. to be ti
ed D. tied
• 答案 D. with + 名词(代词) + 分词 +
介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况
时,其主语常常用 with 来引导。由于
本句中名词 " 手 " 与分词 " 绑 " 是被动
关系,因此用过去分词,选 D.
END

You might also like